Relevant bibliographies by topics / CA Networks

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'CA Networks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'CA Networks.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "CA Networks"

1

Zhao, Yifan, Shengjie Zhou, Hongwei Ding, Shaowen Yao, Zhijun Yang, and Qianlin Liu. "CSMA/CA MAC Protocol with Function of Monitoring based on Binary Tree Conflict Resolution for Cognitive Radio Networks." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 8, no. 2 (April 2016): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2016040103.

Full text
Abstract:
The CSMA/CA protocol is the most widely-compete agreement used by a network. Therefore, MAC layer of cognitive radio networks mostly use the CSMA/CA protocol to provide the competitive channel resources. Due to the unique characteristics and related needs of the cognitive radio networks, design their network protocol is a critical task. For its characteristics, design and implement a comprehensive CSMA/CA protocol, including arrival rate control, priority services, monitoring, conflict resolution and increased throughput; elaborated protocol model, system throughput and other parameters, demonstrates the correctness of the CSMA/CA protocol; comparison with other protocols, highlighting the advantages of the agreement.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

OBELOVSKA, Kvitoslava, Khrystyna PELEKH, Yury PELEKH, and Yaromir SNAICHUK. "ANALYSIS OF THE CSMA/CA SCHEME FOR WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 315, no. 6(1) (December 29, 2022): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-315-6-148-152.

Full text
Abstract:
The current stage of telecommunication technologies development is characterized by the rapid growth use of wireless technologies in access networks and the growth requirements for its quality. The bottleneck that significantly reduces the bandwidth of each subscriber connection is that the total bandwidth of the wireless local network is shared among its active members by the shared technology used. The access management sub-layer to the shared physical environment is responsible for this in the network architecture. The main method used at this sub-layer is the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme. This work is devoted to the analysis of CSMA/CA scheme and the development of an analytical model for its further study and use for the improvement of wireless local networks. The input data is a transition state diagram of a local area wireless network station in data transmission mode. According to the CSMA/CA scheme, stations cannot change their state after starting frame transmission until a confirmation frame of successful reception arrives from the addressee or until the time to wait for it expires. Considering this, it is proposed to use a simplified transition state diagram for the analysis. The operation of the station by the simplified transition state diagram is described using a system of differential equations. As a result of the solution of this system, expressions representing the probability of the station being in each of its states as a function of the intensities of the station’s transitions from each state to another are derived. The values of these intensities depend on both the outgoing traffic of the station and the traffic in the network. The resulting expressions can be used in further work on the analysis of the CSMA/CA scheme, as they make it possible to estimate the operation of the station at different ratios of the station’s output traffic and external traffic generated by other stations of the network. This can be used to develop an enhanced algorithm station operation of wireless local area networks by adapting the parameters of the CSMA/CA scheme to specific current loads of both the station and the network.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

ALONSO-SANZ, RAMÓN, and JUAN PABLO CÁRDENAS. "EFFECT OF MEMORY ON BOOLEAN NETWORKS WITH DISORDERED DYNAMICS: THE K = 4 CASE." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 08 (August 2007): 1313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107011340.

Full text
Abstract:
In standard Cellular Automata (CA) and Boolean Networks (BN), the new state of a cell depends on the neighborhood configuration only at the preceding time step. The effect of implementing memory in cells on CA, CA on networks and BN with different degrees of random rewiring is studied in this paper paying attention to the particular case of four inputs. As a rule, memory in cells induces a moderation in the rate of changing cells and in the damage spreading, albeit in the latter case memory turns out ineffective in the control of the damage as the wiring network moves away of the ordered structure that features proper CA.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Jiang, Jianliang, Junxue Zhai, Yiqun Zhang, and Yakai Feng. "Biomimetic Engineering Preparation of High Mechanical and Flame Retardant Elastomers by Introducing Sacrificial Bonds in Covalently Cross-Linked Chloroprene Rubber." Polymers 15, no. 16 (August 10, 2023): 3367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15163367.

Full text
Abstract:
Designing and preparing chloroprene rubber (CR) with robust mechanical and excellent flame retardancy performance are challenging. In this work, a biomimetic design for high mechanical and flame-retardant CR by synchronous introducing of sacrificial bond (disulfide) crosslinked networks into the chemically crosslinked network is developed based on two new types of vulcanization reactions. Under the catalysis of Mg(OH)2, the dynamic bond cross-linked network is formed by the reaction between the amino group of cystamine dihydrochloride (CA) and the allylic chlorine group of CR, while the covalently crosslinked network is synchronously formed by two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions in series between Mg(OH)2 and CR. The disulfide bonds serve as sacrificial bonds that preferentially rupture prior to the covalent network, dissipating energy and facilitating rubber chain orientation, so a CA-0.5 sample (CR/CA(0.5 wt%)/Mg(OH)2 (10 wt%) with dual crosslinked networks exhibits excellent mechanical performance, and the tensile strength and elongation at the break of CA-0.5 are 1.41 times and 1.17 times greater than those of the CR-0 sample with covalently crosslinked networks, respectively. Moreover, the addition of Mg(OH)2 significantly improves the flame retardancy of CR.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Laufer, Rafael, and Leonard Kleinrock. "The Capacity of Wireless CSMA/CA Networks." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 24, no. 3 (June 2016): 1518–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2015.2415465.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nidd, M., and D. Husemann. "CA-PK: conditional access for broadcast networks." Software: Practice and Experience 33, no. 5 (2003): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.514.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kowtarapu, Chakravarthy, Chetan Anand, Guruprasad K.G., and Shishir Sharma. "Network separation and IPsec CA certificates-based security management for 4G networks." Bell Labs Technical Journal 13, no. 4 (February 25, 2009): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20347.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Liu, Dong Mei, and Jun Song Zhang. "On the Model Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Library Information Service." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4570.

Full text
Abstract:
In wireless sensor networks based on ZigBee,we often see such a model that full symmetric transmission model of competition for channel resources based on CSMA/CA algorithm. For the purpose of reducing the energy consumption of entire network,this paper establishes a model that communicate as planned which based on CSMA/CA algorithm.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Gupta, A. K., and W. J. Dally. "Topology Optimization of Interconnection Networks." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 5, no. 1 (January 2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2006.8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Peregudov, Maksim, and Anatoliy Steshkovoy. "Digital Radio Networks Centralized Elements Synchronization Model with Random Multiple Access to the CSMA/CA Type Medium." SPIIRAS Proceedings 19, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 128–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/10.15622/sp.2020.19.1.5.

Full text
Abstract:
Currently, there is a great interest in digital radio network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type , the effectiveness of which determines the process of establishing a communication session. At the same time, there was no assessment effectiveness digital radio communication network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type. Also, there was no assessment made the contribution of potential destructive actions by the attacker to the reduction in the effectiveness of such synchronization. This paper presents digital radio networks centralized elements synchronization analytical model with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type medium. In this model the theoretical resulting indicator is the probability of successful delivery of a synchronization package, and a package frequency of successful delivery is used in experimental indicator evaluation . The model takes into account the potential destructive effects of the attacker in analytical expressions for known probabilistic indicators. An digital radio network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to a CSMA/CA type experimental study an environment is also presented. The most common network of digital radio standard IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) is considered as such network. The experimental research results differ from the theoretical research results slightly, which indicates the adequacy of the developed analytical model. It was established, firstly, that the successful delivery probability of a synchronization packet does not depend on number of subscriber terminals in digital radio communication networks, secondly, with an average duration of a data packet transmission by such terminal less than 0.85 ms, it is advisable to use non-random, and the reserved multiple access to the environment, and, thirdly, centralized synchronization is resistant to destructive influences. The model is applicable in the design of digital radio networks with random multiple access to the medium such as CSMA/CA, as well as in optimizing the operation of such networks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CA Networks"

1

Weitzen, Christopher James. "Service differentiation using managed sleep in CSMA/CA networks." Winston-Salem, NC : Wake Forest University, 2009. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/44746.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Medapalli, Kameswara Rao. "Design, analysis and optimization of CSMA/CA based wireless networks /." May be available electronically:, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mawlawi, Baher. "Random access for dense networks : Design and Analysis of Multiband CSMA/CA." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0112/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Les protocoles de communications à accès aléatoires sont des candidats prometteurs pour les futurs systèmes de communications sans fil dédiés aux applications machine à machine (M2M). Ces méthodes d’accès sont généralement basées sur des techniques d'accès aléatoires mettant en œuvre des concepts simples de sondage de canal et de report de la transmission pour réduire les collisions, tout en évitant l'utilisation d'ordonnanceurs complexes. Parmi les différents protocoles, Carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance with a Request-To-Send/Clear-To-Send (CSMA/CA-RTS/CTS) est un protocole qui pourrait être adopté pour les scénarios de M2M. Cette approche est efficace pour éviter les collisions entre les paquets de données. Cependant dans le cas d’un réseau très dense, les performances sont dégradées à cause de la forte probabilité de collisions. Pour atténuer cet effet, les collisions entre les messages de contrôles RTS doivent être réduites. Cette thèse propose de résoudre ce problème en divisant le canal commun en sous-canaux pour transmettre les messages de contrôle de demande d’accès au canal ; le canal commun est utilisé dans son ensemble pour la transmission de données. L’ajout d’un degré de liberté pour le message de demande d’accès permet de réduire la probabilité de collision, et donc d’améliorer les performances du système notamment dans des scénarios avec des nombres importants de nœuds souhaitant communiquer. Dans ce travail, nous dérivons ainsi une solution complète de méthode d’accès en s'appuyant sur le CSMA / CA - RTS / CTS et en multiplexant une configuration multi-canal pour les messages RTS et un canal unique pour la transmission de données. Une version améliorée, basée sur l'ordonnancement des utilisateurs, est également étudiée. Un modèle analytique a été développé, analysé et validé par simulations. Celui-ci est une extension du modèle Bianchi. Les performances en termes de débit saturé, de temps de transmission et de la probabilité de rejet de paquets sont discutées. Enfin, les impacts liés à la prise en compte d’une couche physique de type multi porteuses sont discutés dans le dernier chapitre
Opportunistic protocols are promising candidates for future wireless systems dedicated to machine to machine (M2M) communication. Such protocols are usually based on a random access with simple techniques of medium sensing and deferring to reduce collisions while avoiding the use of complex schedulers. Among different protocols, Carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance with a Request-To-Send/Clear-To-Send (CSMA/CA-RTS/CTS) is an opportunistic protocol which could be adopted for M2M scenarios. Such approach is efficient to avoid collisions between data packets but in a very dense network, the random access used to send the RTS suffers itself from a high probability of collision which degrades the performance. In order to mitigate this effect, RTS collisions should be reduced. This thesis proposes to address this issue by splitting the common channel in sub-channels for transmitting the RTS messages. While the common channel is used as a whole for data transmission. Multiple nodes can then contend in time and frequency for these RTS sub-channels, thereby reducing RTS collisions and increasing overall efficiency. In this work, we thus derive a complete protocol solution relying on CSMA/CA - RTS/CTS multiplexing a multi-channel configuration for RTS messages and a unique channel for data transmission. An enhanced version based on users scheduling is integrated as well. In this thesis, the proposed protocol is investigated from a joint PHY-MAC point of view. This strategy is shown to provide better system performance particularly for loaded networks. An accurate analytical model derived as a straightforward extension of the Bianchi model is analyzed and validated by simulations. Performance in terms of saturation throughput, transmission delay and packet drop probability is discussed
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wu, Jingqi. "Cooperative Jamming in Wireless Networks - Turning Attacks into Privacy Protection." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/885.

Full text
Abstract:
Generally, collisions between packets are undesired in wireless networks. We design this scheme, Cooperative Jamming in Wireless Networks (CJWN), to make use of collision to protect secret DATA packets from being sniffed by a nearby eavesdropper. We are intending to greatly increase the Packet Error Rate (PER) at the eavesdropper when the PER at the receiver is maintained at an acceptable level. This scheme is not intended to completely take the place of various encryption/decryption schemes which are working based on successfully received packets. Adding CJWN to the popular CSMA/CA adopted in IEEE 802.11 will add more security even the key for encryption/decryption is already exposed. Because the overhead of CJWN is very big, we do not suggest using it on every transmission. When some secret packets have a high requirement of confidentiality, CJWN is worth trying at the cost of throughput performance and power.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Luan, Hao. "Performance Analysis of Integrated Multihop Heterogeneous Networks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1273167630.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Freund, Kyle P. "Lithic Technology and Obsidian Exchange Networks in Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy (ca. 1600-850 B.C.)." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3429.

Full text
Abstract:
The Sardinian Bronze Age (Nuragic period) and the factors which created and maintained an island-wide identity as seen through the presence of its distinctive nuraghi have received considerable attention; however the amount of research directly related to the stone tools of the era has been relatively limited despite the wealth of knowledge it is capable of yielding. This thesis hopes to contribute to Sardinian archaeology through the study of ancient technology, specifically obsidian lithic technology, by combining typological information with source data gleaned from the use of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). These data are integrated with statistical analyses breaking down the spatial distribution of nuraghi across the island through the use of distance-based methods, including k-means and kernel density analyses, which create a more comprehensive understanding of the island-wide political and social structure. This research will test the hypothesis that changes in the acquisition of obsidian raw materials were coupled with corresponding changes in how the obsidian was used. The results provide precedence for future work in Sardinia and create a model for integrating two types of analyses, sourcing and typological. By combining these results, it is possible to investigate how obsidian influenced the ancient economy as well as assess its cultural significance for people of the past.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Moslehi, Farhood. "Simulation of the MAC Portion of IEEE 802.11 and Bursts of Errors for Wireless Data Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36936.

Full text
Abstract:
The focus of this research is to investigate the effects of bursts of errors and packet collisions on the performance of the medium access control (MAC) portion of the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN) protocol.An important ingredient in rapid expansion of wireless networks is the seamless transition between wired and wireless systems. The IEEE standards group in charge of developing the widely used IEEE 802.3 LAN standard has developed the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard. IEEE 802.11 remains hidden from the upper levels of the network, thus allowing a seamless transition between networks. The foundation protocol for the IEEE 802.11 standard, known as Distributed Foundation Wireless Medium Access Control (DFWMAC), operates at the MAC level of the Data Link Layer. The protocol bases its access control mechanism on a principle called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), which is an adaptation of the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol used by IEEE 802.3 standard. The collision avoidance scheme in CSMA/CA allows data packets to be transferred via the wireless medium with lower probability of packet collision. In a slotted multi-access wireless system, performance parameters are affected by the bit error rates on the communication channel. These errors occur as a result of noise introduced by the radio channel or data packet collisions. Collisions occur when two or more stations select the same time slot to transmit their data, thus causing corruption in data packets. In this research, a simulation model coded in Microsoft's Visual Basic programming environment is utilized to investigate the effects of bit errors and packet collisions on performance in CSMA/CA. Performance parameters used in this study include throughput, medium utilization, collisions and station data queue lengths. In the simulation model, error bursts in the communication channel are modeled using a simple Gilbert model with two states, good (G) and bad (B). State G is error free, thus errors can only occur while the model is in state B. Collisions are simulated by two or more stations starting to transmit data packets in the same time slot. Therefore, as the number of stations increases, more and more stations compete for the medium, resulting in an increase in the number of collisions. Collisions are also increased by the amount of traffic that each station introduces into the system. Station load is defined here as the number of data packets per unit time that are released by the higher network protocol layers.The results in Chapter 5 demonstrate that higher network throughput can be achieved when the aggregate load on the network is distributed. For example, 30 stations offering 20 kilobits per second (kbps) of load for a total of 600 kpbs, results in a network throughput of 585 kbps. However, three stations offering 200 kbps of load for a total of 600 kbps offered load, results in a network throughput of 486 kbps. The distributed load is serviced at a 17 percent higher rate. However, once the network becomes saturated at above 40 stations for this model, collisions will more than offset the performance gains produced by the distribution of load.Furthermore, reducing the packet size by 50 percent under an approximately 19.5 percent packet error rate results in a 12 percent gain in throughput. This is primarily due to higher utilization of the network by shorter packets. However, as the packet error rate is reduced, the performance gap between the two packet sizes is reduced. Once the errors are removed completely from the communications channel, the longer packets produce a higher throughput than the shorter packets.
Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Fu, Guoxing. "Structure Based Study of CA SPASE-3 and D-Arginine Dehydrogenase." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/124.

Full text
Abstract:
Caspases are important players in programmed cell death. Normal activities of caspases are critical for the cell life cycle and dysfunction of caspases may lead to the development of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. They have become a popular target for drug design against abnormal cell death. In this study, the recognition of P5 position in substrates by caspase-3, -6 and -7 has been investigated by kinetics, modeling and crystallography. Crystal structures of caspase-3 and -7 in complexes with substrate analog inhibitor Ac-LDESD-CHO have been determined at resolutions of 1.61 and 2.45 Å, respectively, while a model of caspase-6/LDESD is constructed. Enzymatic study and structural analysis have revealed that Caspase-3 and -6 recognize P5 in pentapeptides, while caspase-7 lacks P5-binding residues. D-arginine dehydrogenase catalyzes the flavin-dependent oxidative deamination of D-amino acids to the corresponding imino acids and ammonia. The X-ray crystal structures of DADH and its complexes with several imino acids were determined at 1.03-1.30 Å resolution. The DADH crystal structure comprises a product-free conformation and a product-bound conformation. A flexible loop near the active site forms an “active site lid” and may play an essential role in substrate recognition. The DADH Glu87 forms an ionic interaction with the side chain of iminoarginine, suggesting its importance for DADH preference of positively charged D-amino acids. Comparison of the kinetic data of DADH activity on different D-amino acids and the crystal structures demonstrated that this enzyme is characterized by relatively broad substrate specificity, being able to oxidize positively charged and large hydrophobic D-amino acids bound within a flask-like cavity. Understanding biology at the system level has gained much more attention recently due to the rapid development in genome sequencing and high-throughput measurements. Current simulation methods include deterministic method and stochastic method. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Our group has developed a deterministic-stochastic crossover algorithm for simulating biochemical networks. Simulation studies have been performed on biological systems like auto-regulatory gene network and glycolysis system. The new system retains the high efficiency of deterministic method while still reflects the random fluctuations at lower concentration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Dao, Trong Nghia Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Modelling 802.11 networks for multimedia applications." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41222.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis is concerned with the development of new mathematical models for the IEEE 802.11??s access mechanisms, with a particular focus on DCF and EDCA. Accurate mathematical models for the DCF and EDCA access mechanisms provide many benefits, such as improved performance analysis, easier network capacity planning, and robust network design. A feature that permeates the work presented in this thesis is the application of our new models to network environments where both saturated and non-saturated traffic sources are present. The scenario in which multiple traffic sources are present is more technically challenging, but provides for a more realistic setting. Our first contribution is the development of a new Markov model for non-saturated DCF in order to predict the network throughput. This model takes into account several details of the protocol that have been hitherto neglected. In addition, we apply a novel treatment of the packet service time within our model. We show how the inclusion of these effects provides more accurate predictions of network throughput than earlier works. Our second contribution is the development of a new analytical model for EDCA, again in order to predict network throughput. Our new EDCA model is based on a replacement of the normal AIFS parameter of EDCA with a new parameter more closely associated with DCF. This novel procedure allows EDCA to be viewed as a modified multi-mode version of DCF. Our third contribution is the simultaneous application of our new Markov models to both the non-saturated and the saturated regime. Hitherto, network throughput predictions for these regimes have required completely separate mathematical models. The convergence property of our model in the two regimes provides a new method to estimate the network capacity of the network. Our fourth contribution relates to predictions for the multimedia capacity of 802.11 networks. Our multimedia capacity analysis, which is based on modifications to our Markov model, is new in that it can be applied to a broad range of quality of service requirements. Finally, we highlight the use of our analysis in the context of emerging location-enabled networks.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Shaw, Samuel. "Effects of Mass Wasting and Uplift on Fluvial Networks within the Central Franciscan Melange Complex - Eel River, CA." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23145.

Full text
Abstract:
The Eel River watershed has a high concentration of slow-moving landslides, or earthflows, due to argillaceous mélange bedrock and high tectonic uplift. Earthflows within this area are highly dissected by ephemeral channels, or gullies. Despite the pervasiveness of gullying in this area, the role of fluvial systems in relation to earthflows and varying uplift is poorly understood. To understand the role of earthflows and tectonics in dictating channel processes, we investigate channels in areas of differential uplift and mass failure activity. Channel networks are connected and continuous in catchments without earthflows, and disconnected and prone to bank failure on earthflow surfaces. Gully profiles are influenced BY earthflow undulations, which attenuate with fluvial incision after earthflows cease activity. We find notable differences in fluvial dissection between areas of high and low landslide activity. We find that mass wasting and local bedrock have a strong influence on formation and organization of channels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "CA Networks"

1

Greg, Lief, ed. Network programming in CA-Clipper 5.2. Emeryville, Calif: Ziff-Davis Press, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. and IEEE Communications Society, eds. LANMAN 2004: The 13th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks : the Acqua Hotel, Mill Valley, CA (San Francisco Bay Area), 25-28 April, 2004. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Internet, Librarian Conference (1st 1997 Monterey Calif ). Internet librarian '97: Proceedings 1997, Monterey, CA, November 17-19, 1997. Medford, N.J: Information Today, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

International, Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (6th 2009 Berkeley CA). Proceedings: Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks : Berkeley, CA 3-5 June 2009. Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

IEEE Computer Society. Technical Committee on Microprocessors and Microcomputers. and Nortel Networks, eds. Hot Interconnects 9: 22-24 August, 2001, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Los Alamitos, California: IEEE Computer Society, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

1962-, Zhao Feng, and Guibas Leonidas J, eds. Information processing in sensor networks: Second international workshop, IPSN 2003, Palo Alto, CA, USA, April 22-23, 2003 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

North American ISDN Users' Forum. Meeting and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. The North American ISDN Users' Forum (NIUF): June 3-5, 1996, Los Angeles, CA : draft. [Gaithersburg, Md.?: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

North American ISDN Users' Forum. Meeting and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. The North American ISDN Users' Forum (NIUF): June 3-5, 1996, Los Angeles, CA : draft. [Gaithersburg, Md.?: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

John, Vicente, Hutchison David 1949-, International Federation for Information Processing. Technical Committee 6., and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., eds. Management of multimedia networks and services: 7th IFIP/IEEE international conference, MMNS 2004, San Diego, CA, USA, October 3-6, 2004 : proceedings. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability (2000 Berkeley, Calif.). Designing privacy enhancing technologies: International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability, Berkeley, CA, USA, July 25-26, 2000 : proceedings. New York: Springer, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "CA Networks"

1

Hwang, June, Jinho Choi, Riku Jäntti, and Seong-Lyun Kim. "Aggregate Interference in Random CSMA/CA Networks." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 424–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40352-6_35.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

D’Ambrosio, Daniela, Marco Serino, and Giancarlo Ragozini. "Studying Affiliation Networks Through Cluster CA and Blockmodeling." In Statistical Learning and Modeling in Data Analysis, 57–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69944-4_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Park, Myoung Soo, Jin Hee Na, and Jin Young Choi. "Feature Extraction Using Class-Augmented Principal Component Analysis (CA-PCA)." In Artificial Neural Networks – ICANN 2006, 606–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11840930_63.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Khan, Bilal Muhammad, and Falah H. Ali. "Mobility Adaptive CSMA/CA MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2011, 573–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21928-3_42.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kim, Meejoung. "Performance Analysis of Service Differentiation for IEEE 802.15.4 Slotted CSMA/CA." In Management of Convergence Networks and Services, 11–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11876601_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bellalta, Boris, Alessandro Zocca, Cristina Cano, Alessandro Checco, Jaume Barcelo, and Alexey Vinel. "Throughput Analysis in CSMA/CA Networks Using Continuous Time Markov Networks: A Tutorial." In Wireless Networking for Moving Objects, 115–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14116-9_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bellalta, Boris, Alessandro Zocca, Cristina Cano, Alessandro Checco, Jaume Barcelo, and Alexey Vinel. "Throughput Analysis in CSMA/CA Networks Using Continuous Time Markov Networks: A Tutorial." In Wireless Networking for Moving Objects, 115–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10834-6_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cho, Soohyun. "Reinforcement Learning for Rate Adaptation in CSMA/CA Wireless Networks." In Advances in Computer Science and Ubiquitous Computing, 175–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9343-7_24.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Konorski, Jerzy. "Playing CSMA/CA Game to Deter Backoff Attacks in Ad Hoc Wireless LANs." In Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks, 127–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11561354_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Grünewald, Matthias, Feng Xu, and Ulrich Rückert. "Increasing the Resource-Efficiency of the CSMA/CA Protocol in Directional Ad Hoc Networks." In Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks, 71–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11561354_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "CA Networks"

1

Cui, Jiaqi, Jun Xu, Chengcheng Guo, and Yongqing Ling. "CSMA/CA through put analysis in hybrid CSMA/CA and TDMA networks." In the 2016 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3028842.3028882.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Zuquete, Andre. "Improved CSMA/CA Protocol for IEEE 802.11." In 2008 Next Generation internet Networks (NGI) - 4th Euro-NGI Conference on Next Generation Internet Networks. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ngi.2008.40.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jian, Ying, and Shigang Chen. "Can CSMA/CA networks be made fair?" In the 14th ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1409944.1409972.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Moltchanov, Dmitri, and Yevgeni Koucheryavy. "Per-station performance in CSMA/CA networks." In 2011 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2011.5766341.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Yusun Chang, Christopher P. Lee, and John A. Copeland. "Goodput optimization in CSMA/CA wireless networks." In 2007 4th International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems (BROADNETS 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/broadnets.2007.4550527.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ghosh, C., H. A. Safavi-Naeini, S. Roy, K. Doppler, and J. Stahl. "QP-CSMA-CA: A modified CSMA-CA-based cognitive channel access mechanism with testbed implementation." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2012.6478174.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bowden, Rhys, and Andrew Coyle. "Idle Times Analysis in a CSMA/CA Network." In 2007 15th IEEE International Conference on Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icon.2007.4444127.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cullen, Thomas J. "Polarization-diversity fiber networks." In Microlithography '91, San Jose,CA, edited by Harish R. Sunak and Roger C. Steele. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.24918.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Chong, Jo Woon, Youngchul Sung, and Dan Keun Sung. "Multi-band CSMA/CA-based cognitive radio networks." In the 2009 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1582379.1582445.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Dousse, Olivier. "Revising buffering in multihop CSMA/CA wireless networks." In 2007 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sahcn.2007.4292870.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "CA Networks"

1

Fromm, A., Avihai Danon, and Jian-Kang Zhu. Genes Controlling Calcium-Enhanced Tolerance to Salinity in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7585201.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The specific objectives of the proposed research were to identify, clone and characterize downstream cellular target(s) of SOS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana, to analyze the Ca2+-binding characteristics of SOS3 and the sos3-1 mutant and their interactions with SOS3 cellular targets to analyze the SOS3 cell-specific expression patterns, and its subcellular localization, and to assess the in vivo role of SOS3 target protein(s) in plant tolerance to salinity stress. In the course of the study, in view of recent opportunities in identifying Ca2+ - responsive genes using microarrays, the group at Weizmann has moved into identifying Ca2+-responsive stress genes by using a combination of aqeuorin-based measurements of cytosolic Ca and analysis by DNA microarrays of early Ca-responsive genes at the whole genome level. Analysis of SOS3 (University of Arizona) revealed its expression in both roots and shoots. However, the expression of this gene is not induced by stress. This is reminiscent of other stress proteins that are regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms such as the activation by second messengers like Ca. Further analysis of the expression of the gene using promoter - GUS fusions revealed expression in lateral root primordial. Studies at the Weizmann Institute identified a large number of genes whose expression is up-regulated by a specific cytosolic Ca burst evoked by CaM antagonists. Fewer genes were found to be down-regulated by the Ca burst. Among the up-regulated genes many are associated with early stress responses. Moreover, this study revealed a large number of newly identified Ca-responsive genes. These genes could be useful to investigate yet unknown Ca-responsive gene networks involved in plant response to stress.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Wang, Chih-Hao, and Na Chen. Investigating the Resilience of Accessibility to Emergency and Lifesaving Facilities under Natural Hazards. Mineta Transportation Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2126.

Full text
Abstract:
Studying accessibility, including the resilience of city transportation networks, is critical to understand how these networks influence individuals’ mobility and lives. This study developed an analytical research framework to examine the resilience of accessibility to emergency and lifesaving facilities under the threats of natural hazards such as earthquakes and wildfires. With a cumulative-opportunity approach, the authors measured accessibility by counting emergency and lifesaving facilities (including parks, schools, hospitals, roads, and fire stations) that can be reached by driving at the census tract level in San Fernando Valley, CA. With the calculated accessibility, the authors run simulations to collect data showing what would happen if an area were affected by a selected disaster. They then used statistical analysis to identify those areas where accessibility is significantly reduced compared to the original status. A normalized difference accessibility index (NDAI) was further created to suggest plans and strategies to help those vulnerable areas through adding facilities/services or improving transportation infrastructure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Fromm, Hillel, Paul Michael Hasegawa, and Aaron Fait. Calcium-regulated Transcription Factors Mediating Carbon Metabolism in Response to Drought. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699847.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectives: The long-term goal of the proposed research is to elucidate the transcription factors, genes and metabolic networks involved in carbon metabolism and partitioning in response to water deficit. The proposed research focuses on the GTLcalcium/calmodulinbindingTFs and the gene and metabolic networks modulated by these TFs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The specific objectives are as follows. Objective-1 (USA): Physiological analyses of GTL1 loss- and gain-of-function plants under water sufficient and drought stress conditions Objective 2 (USA / Israel-TAU): Characterizion of GTL target genes and bioinformatic analysis of data to eulcidate gene-network topology. Objective-3 (Israel-TAU): Regulation of GTLmediated transcription by Ca²⁺/calmodulin: mechanism and biological significance. Objective-4 (Israel-BGU): Metabolic networks and carbon partitioning in response to drought. Additional direction: In the course of the project we added another direction, which was reported in the 2nd annual report, to elucidate genes controlling drought avoidance. The TAU team has isolated a few unhydrotropic (hyd) mutants and are in the process of mapping these mutations (of hyd13 and hyd15; see last year's report for a description of these mutants under salt stress) in the Arabidopsis genome by map-based cloning and deep sequencing. For this purpose, each hyd mutant was crossed with a wild type plant of the Landsberg ecotype, and at the F2 stage, 500-700 seedlings showing the unhydrotropic phenotype were collected separately and pooled DNA samples were subkected to the Illumina deep sequencing technology. Bioinformatics were used to identify the exact genomic positions of the mutations (based on a comparison of the genomic sequences of the two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes (Columbia and Landsberg). Background: To feed the 9 billion people or more, expected to live on Earth by the mid 21st century, the production of high-quality food must increase substantially. Based on a 2009 Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security, a target of 70% more global food production by the year 2050 was marked, an unprecedented food-production growth rate. Importantly, due to the larger areas of low-yielding land globally, low-yielding environments offer the greatest opportunity for substantial increases in global food production. Nowadays, 70% of the global available water is used by agriculture, and 40% of the world food is produced from irrigated soils. Therefore, much needs to be done towards improving the efficiency of water use by plants, accompanied by increased crop yield production under water-limiting conditions. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: We established that AtGTL1 (Arabidopsis thaliana GT-2 LIKE1) is a focal determinant in water deficit (drought) signaling and tolerance, and water use efficiency (WUE). The GTL1 transcription factor is an upstream regulator of stomatal development as a transrepressor of AtSDD1, which encodes a subtilisin protease that activates a MAP kinase pathway that negatively regulates stomatal lineage and density. GTL1 binds to the core GT3 cis-element in the SDD1 promoter and transrepresses its expression under water-sufficient conditions. GTL1 loss-of-function mutants have reduced stomatal number and transpiration, and enhanced drought tolerance and WUE. In this case, higher WUE under water sufficient conditions occurs without reduction in absolute biomass accumulation or carbon assimilation, indicating that gtl1-mediated effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration do not substantially affect CO₂ uptake. These results are proof-of-concept that fine-tuned regulation of stomatal density can result in drought tolerance and higher WUE with maintenance of yield stability. Implications: Accomplishments during the IS-4243-09R project provide unique tools for continued discovery research to enhance plant drought tolerance and WUE.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

LI, Zhendong, Hangjian Qiu, xiaoqian Wang, chengcheng Zhang, and Yuejuan Zhang. Comparative Efficacy of 5 non-pharmaceutical Therapies For Adults With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment: Protocol For A Bayesian Network Analysis Based on 55 Randomized Controlled Trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0036.

Full text
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: This study will provide evidence-based references for the efficacy of 5 different non-pharmaceutical therapies in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). 1. Types of studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), Acupuncture, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy(VR) and Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CA) for PSCI will be recruited. Additionally, Studies should be available in full papers as well as peer reviewed and the original data should be clear and adequate. 2. Types of participants. All adults with a recent or previous history of ischaemic or hemorrhagic stroke and diagnosed according to clearly defined or internationally recognized diagnostic criteria, regardless of nationality, race, sex, age, or educational background. 3.Types of interventions and controls. The control group takes non-acupuncture treatment, including conventional rehabilitation or in combination with symptomatic support therapy. The experimental group should be treated with acupuncture on basis of the control group. 4.The interventions of the experimental groups were Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(TMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS), Acupuncture, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy(VR) or Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation(CA), and the interventions of the control group takes routine rehabilitation and cognition training or other therapies mentioned above that were different from the intervention group. 5.Types of outcomes. The primary outcomes are measured with The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and/or The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), which have been widely used to evaluate the cognitive abilities. The secondary outcome indicator was the Barthel Index (BI) to assess independence in activities of daily living (ADLs).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Deng, Zhuohang, Zhiliang Luo, Neil Hockaday, Ahmed Farid, and Anurag Pande. Evaluation of Left Shoulder as Part-Time Travel Lane Design Alternatives and Transportation Management Center Staff Training Module Development. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2153.

Full text
Abstract:
Permanent capacity expansion, such as adding new lanes, is no longer a viable strategy to address traffic congestion in California; hence, ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) strategies, such as part-time use of the shoulder as a travel lane, need to be explored. The use of the shoulder as a travel lane during peak traffic hours has limited applications in the US, and most use the right shoulder as a part-time travel lane even though either the right or left shoulder (but not both) may be used. Caltrans District 5 is exploring the use of Left Shoulder as a Part-time Travel Lane (LSPTTL) as a piece of the larger project, titled Five Cities Multimodal Transportation Network Enhancement Project (FCMTNEP), aimed at congestion relief near Pismo Beach, CA. Construction is expected to begin in Winter 2025 with a Winter 2027 completion date. Given that this would be the first instance of LSPTTL in California, it is a Project of Division Interest (PoDI) for the California division of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the District 5 experience may guide similar future installations of the shoulder as travel lane projects in the state. This research uses a microsimulation-based approach to evaluate design alternatives being explored by Caltrans District 5. This approach allows for evaluating the operational and safety effects of each of the alternatives. Furthermore, a Transportation Management Center (TMC) operator training framework has also been developed to ensure that the local TMC personnel can effectively deploy the LSPTTL during routine operations and emergencies. Based on the operational evaluation, the study found no significant difference in travel times associated with the three design alternatives. Alternative 2, which involves the longest segment with LSPTTL among the alternatives, was found to be the safest based on a surrogate safety measure-based evaluation. This framework for evaluating design alternatives for operations and safety effectiveness may be used for future projects that involve the use of the shoulder as a travel lane. For TMC operator training, this report documents key learning objectives. A hands-on training program that involves operators executing the opening and closing of the shoulder for routine and emergency conditions was developed. As the project nears implementation, there is some scope for improvement in the training modules through replication of the exact features of the LSPTTL design and introducing more realism in the TMC simulator training exercises.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'CA Networks' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography