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Andrade, Samantha K. Samaniego, István Bakos, Gábor Dobos, Attila Farkas, Gábor Kiss, Szilvia Klébert, János Madarász, and Krisztina László. "Biomass Related Highly Porous Metal Free Carbon for Gas Storage and Electrocatalytic Applications." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133488.
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In this paper we report the synthesis of a N, S co-doped metal free carbon cryogel obtained from a marine biomass derived precursor using urea as nitrogen source. Natural carrageenan intrinsically contains S and inorganic salt. The latter also serves as an activating agent during the pyrolytic step. The overall 11.6 atomic % surface heteroatom concentration comprises 5% O, 4.6% N and 1% S. The purified and annealed final carbon (CA) has a hierarchical pore structure of micro-, meso- and macropores with an apparent surface area of 1070 m2/g. No further treatment was applied. The gas adsorption potential of the samples was probed with H2, CO2 and CH4, while the electrocatalytic properties were tested in an oxygen reduction reaction. The atmospheric CO2 and CH4 storage capacity at 0 °C in the low pressure range is very similar to that of HKUST-1, with the CO2/CH4 selectivity below 20 bar, even exceeding that of the MOF, indicating the potential of CA in biogas separation. The electrocatalytic behavior was assessed in an aqueous KOH medium. The observed specific gravimetric capacitance 377 F/g was exceeded only in B, N dual doped and/or graphene doped carbons from among metal free electrode materials. The CA electrode displays almost the same performance as a commercial 20 wt% Pt/C electrode. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) exhibits the 4-electron mechanism. The 500-cycle preliminary stability test showed only a slight increase of the surface charge.
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Klyndyuk, Andrey I., and Natalie S. Krasutskaya. "THERMAL EXPANSION AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Bi2Ca2O5, Bi2CaO4 AND Bi24Co2O39 DOUBLE OXIDES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 10 (November 16, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20176010.5588.
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Bi2Ca2O5, Bi2CaO4 and Bi24Co2O39 double oxides are of interest as intermediate phases at preparation of Bi2Ca2Co1,7Oy and (Ca,Bi)3Co4O9+d oxide thermoelectrics and as admixtures to the heterogeneous ceramics based on these layered oxides. In this work Bi2Ca2O5, Bi2CaO4, and Bi24Co2O39 ceramic samples were prepared using solid-state reactions method from Bi2O3, CaCO3, and Co3O4 in air within the temperature range of 923–1143 K. The crystal structure of the samples was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using Bruker D8 XRD Advance with monochromatic CuKa radiation (l = 1.5406 Å). Thermal expansion, electrical conductivity (s), dielectric permittivity (e) and dielectric losses (tgd) of ceramics were studied in air in the temperature range of 290–1070 K. Bi2Ca2O5 crystallizes in the triclinic system (a = 1.01(2) nm, b = 1.01(5) nm, c = 1.05 nm, a = 116.9(1)°, b = 107.14(3)°, g = 92.89°, V = 0.890 nm3, ρXRD = 6.47 g/cm3), Bi2CaO4 - in the monoclinic one (a = 1.664(7) nm, b = 1.162(1) nm, c = 1.402(7) nm, b = 134.17(2)°, V = 1.945(26) nm3, ρXRD = 7.13 g/cm3), and Bi24Co2O39 - in the cubic one (a = 1.021(1) nm, V = 1.063(16) nm3, ρXRD = 9.00 g/cm3). Apparent density values of the sintered ceramics are 5.78, 4.82, and 7.42 g/cm3 for Bi2Ca2O5, Bi2CaO4, and Bi24Co2O39 compounds, respectively. It was found that electrical conductivity of the materials studied had semiconducting character, and increasing in the bismuth oxide content in ceramics leads to the increasing its electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, and dielectric losses values. The values of average linear thermal expansion coeffient are equal to 12.9×10–6, 14.7×10–6, and 16.0×10–6 K–1. Activation energy of electrical conductivity are equal to 1.393, 1.159, and 0.499 eV, and temperature of maximum of dielectric losses due to dipole polarization are equal to 923, 780, and 681 К for the Bi2Ca2O5, Bi2CaO4, and Bi24Co2O39 ceramics, respectively. On the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity of Bi24Co2O39 phase the local maximum at 845 K was detected, which is connnected, obviously, to the partial disordering of dipoles in its crystal structure.Forcitation:Klyndyuk A.I., Krasutskaya N.S. Thermal expansion and electrical properties of Bi2Ca2O5, Bi2CaO4 and Bi24Co2O39 double oxides. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P. 30-35
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Na'aman, Nadav, and Carl S. Ehrlich. "The Philistines in Transition: A History from Ca. 1000-730 B. C. E." Journal of the American Oriental Society 119, no. 1 (January 1999): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605572.
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Waldbaum, Jane C. "Early Greek Contacts with the Southern Levant, ca. 1000-600 B. C.: The Eastern Perspective." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 293 (February 1994): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357277.
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Cano, D., C. F. Gomez, N. Ospina, J. A. Cajigas, H. Groot, R. E. Andrade, and M. M. Torres. "Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer in a Colombian Population." ISRN Oncology 2014 (January 28, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/530675.
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Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of mortality from cancer in Colombian men. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been associated with the risk of PC. Several studies have demonstrated dramatic differences regarding the risk of PC among men from different ethnic backgrounds. The present study was aimed at assessing the relationship between mtDNA haplogroups and PC. The mitochondrial DNA hypervariable segment I (HSV-1) was sequenced in a population-based study covering 168 cases (CA) and 140 unrelated healthy individuals as a control group (CG). A total of 92 different mtDNA sequences were found in CA and 59 were found in the CG. According to the geographical origin attributed to each mtDNA haplogroup, 82% of the mtDNA sequences found in both groups were Native Americans (A, B, C, and D). The most frequent was A (41.1%CA–42.1%CG), followed by B (22.0%CA–21.4%CG), C (12.0%CA–11.4%CG), and D (6%CA–10.0%CG). A lower percentage of European haplogroups (U, H, K, J, M, T, and HV) were also found (13.1%CA–12.9%CG), likewise African haplogroups (L0, L1, L2, and L3) (6.5%CA–2.1%CG). There were no statistically significant differences between the distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in CA and the CG in this study.
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Schneider, Tammi J. "The Philistines in Transition: A History from ca. 1000-730 B. C. E.. Carl S. Ehrlich." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 312 (November 1998): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357676.
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Kanzaki, Natsumi, Robin M. Giblin-Davis, Yasmin J. Cardoza, Weimin Ye, Kenneth F. Raffa, and Barbara J. Center. "Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) and redescription of Ektaphelenchus obtusus (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae), associates from nematangia on the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." Nematology 10, no. 6 (2008): 925–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854108786161517.
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Abstract Two species of aphelench, Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. and Ektaphelenchus obtusus, were isolated from the 'nematangia', cocoon-like structures found at the base of the hind wings of Dendroctonus rufipennis. The nematangia contained adult females of E. obtusus and the dauer juveniles of B. rufipennis n. sp. Only B. rufipennis n. sp. could be cultured on Monilinia fructicola on LGPDA (lactic acid-treated, glycerol-supplemented, potato dextrose agar). The new species of Bursaphelenchus is described and figured and some additional morphological characters are ascribed to E. obtusus, E. josephi, E. sandiaensis, E. smaelus (= E. prolobos) and E. terebranus after examination of type and/or voucher specimens. Bursaphelenchus rufipennis n. sp. has an adult body length of ca 500-1000 μm, medium a ratios (ca 25-38 for females and ca 30-40 for males), b ratios of ca 8-13 (female) and 7-11 (male), c ratios of ca 15-22 (female and male), c′ ratios of ca 3-4 (female) and ca 2-3 (male), and is characterised by three incisures in the lateral field, mitten-shaped spicules and a conical female tail that curves ventrally and possesses a variable tail tip. The new species is morphologically closest to B. corneolus, B. curvicaudatus, B. gerberae, B. paracorneolus and B. talonus. Morphological examination of type and/or voucher specimens of five Ektaphelenchus species revealed coarse transverse body annulation and three pairs of male caudal papillae (except for the two species where males are not described). Clear typological differences were observed among these five Ektaphelenchus species in the structure of the lip region, presence/absence of stylet knobs and male spicule morphology. Although these characters have not been consistently documented in the past, they may be diagnostic for species in the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on SSU and D2/D3 LSU sequences revealed that B. rufipennis n. sp. was closest to B. paracorneolus and that E. obtusus was closest to species of Ektaphelenchoides and a Cryptaphelenchus sp.
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Clark, K. A., S. Ikram, and R. P. Evershed. "The significance of petroleum bitumen in ancient Egyptian mummies." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2079 (October 28, 2016): 20160229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0229.
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Mummification was practised in ancient Egypt for more than 3000 years, emerging from initial observations of buried bodies preserved by natural desiccation. The use of organic balms (and other funerary practices) was a later introduction necessitated by more humid burial environments, especially tombs. The dark colour of many mummies led to the assumption that petroleum bitumen (or natural asphalt) was ubiquitous in mummification; however, this has been questioned for more than 100 years. We test this by investigating 91 materials comprising balms, tissues and textiles from 39 mummies dating from ca 3200 BC to AD 395. Targeted petroleum bitumen biomarker (steranes and hopanes) analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC-MS SIM, m/z 217 and 191) showed no detectable bitumen use before the New Kingdom ( ca 1550–1070 BC). However, bitumen was used in 50% of New Kingdom to Late Period mummies, rising to 87% of Ptolemaic/Roman Period mummies. Quantitative determinations using 14 C analyses reveal that even at peak use balms were never more than 45% w/w bitumen. Critically, the dark colour of balms can be simulated by heating/ageing mixtures of fats, resins and beeswax known to be used in balms. The application of black/dark brown balms to bodies was deliberate after the New Kingdom reflecting changing funerary beliefs and shifts in religious ideology. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantitative mass spectrometry’.
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Hatano, Naoko, Michio Nakashima, Keizo Horiuchi, Hiromitsu Terao, and Hideta Ishihara. "Crystal Structure, NQR and DSC Studies of Tetrabromocadmates(II): [4-H2NC5H4NH]2CdBr4 · H2O and [2,3,5,6-(CH3)4C4N2H2]CdBr4." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 10 (October 1, 2008): 1181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-1007.
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Abstract4-Aminopyridinium tetrabromocadmate(II) monohydrate (1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm with a = 6.876(2), b = 14.089(2), and c = 18.845(2) Å , Z = 4, T = 296 K. In the crystal structure, a [CdBr4]2− anion, a 4-aminopyridinium cation, and a water molecule are alternately connected into chains by hydrogen bonds N-H···Br and O-H···Br. 2,3,5,6- Tetramethylpyrazinium tetrabromocadmate(II) (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 14.640(12), b = 15.615(7), c = 6.686(5) Å , Z = 4, T = 296 K. In the crystal structure, a [CdBr4]2− anion and a 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazinium cation are interconnected by bifurcated hydrogen bonds N-H· · ·2Br and form infinite chains. 81Br NQR spectra with three lines with an intensity ratio of 1 : 1 : 2 (77 K ≤ T ≤ ca. 325 K) and four lines with an intensity ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 (77 K ≤ T ≤ ca. 330 K) were observed for crystalline 1 and 2, respectively, which are consistent with the crystal structure data. DSC measurements showed the existence of thermal anomalies at high temperatures in both 1 and 2.
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Bawala, T. O., A. A. Taiwo, O. A. Isah, and A. O. Akinsoyinu. "Influence of Mineral Supplementation on the Composition of Goat Milk." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i1.1081.
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Eighteen monoparousLactating West Afriacan Dwarf (WAD) does, with average weight of 25 土 0.80kg were used in a 12-week feeding trial to examine the effects of dietry mineral supplementation (Dicalcium phosphate and MgSO4 .7H2O) on milk production and composition of Ca. P and Mg The docs were grouped into three of six animal replicate/group and randomly assigned to each of the three isonitrogenous (15% CP) and isoenergetic 9.81MJ/kg ME) Supplementary diets (A, B,, and C) respectively. The supplementary diet contained graded levels (0.5, 1, and 1.5% of Dicalcium phosphate and MgSO4.7H20 and fed with a basal diet of cyndom nlemfeuns grass in a completely randomized design. Results showed that treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI (g/dry/kgB )circulating levels (mg/100ml) of ca, P and Mg in milk and sera of WAD does were significant (P <0.05), Variations observed on milk wal said were not significant (P >0.05. Significant (p<0,05) dry matter intake (DMI) (g/day/kgBW) values of 155.55, 174.77 and 193.34 were obtained for does on diets A, B and C respectively; While corresponding significant (P < 0.01) mean milk value of 185.30, 301.20, and 340.05 g/day were obtained significantly different (P<0.05) wear values of Ca, P and Mg levels obtained milk of WAD does on diets A, B and C were: Ca. 121.0, 127.0 and 132.0; P. 84.5, 89.78 and 94.08; and Mg: 18.90, 41.87 and 47.61(mg/100ml); while corresponding values in serumn were Ca: 9.75, 10.0 and 10.13. P: 7.15, 7.57 7.79; and Mg: 3.20, 3.52 and' 4.54 (mg/100ml)respectively.Significant (P < 0.05) positive correlations (r- 0.99, 0.97 and 0.73) existed between and serum Ca, P and Mg contents respectively, suggested that blood is a Secondary source of milk mineral secretion in lactating animals. The general trend was that increasing dietary mineral supplementation resulted in concomitant Increase in dr matter consumption, milk yield and milk mineral (Cu, P. and Mg) contents with does and diet C recording In the best performance. Consequently, dietary Ca. P and Mg levels %DM) in supplementary lactation diet for indigenous WAD goats seemed to be best at 0.43, 0.35, and 0.17 respectively
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Tulyaganov, D. U., S. Agathopoulos, H. R. Fernandes, and J. M. F. Ferreira. "Synthesis and Characterization of Synthetic F-Mica Containing Glass-Ceramics in the System SiO2·Al2O3·B2O3·CaO·MgO·Li2O·(K,Na)2O·F." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 4 (April 2004): 1234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0160.
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Ions of Li, Na, K, and B were incorporated in Ca-mica, CaMg3Al2Si2O10F2. The crystallization process and the properties of the resulting glass-ceramics were experimentally determined, and the role of the anions and cations is discussed. According to the results, Li, K, and Na ions strongly affected the formation of the crystalline phases. Until 900 °C, pargasite and F-cannilloite amphiboles and KLi-mica were predominately crystallized. The two amphiboles are dissociated, yielding stable forsterite at 900 °C and Ca-mica and spinel at 950 °C. KLi-mica showed remarkable stability and growth within the investigated temperature range, until 1000 °C. The optimum crystallization temperature for the investigated glass-ceramics is between800 °C and 900 °C. The produced glass-ceramics exhibited capability for easy bulk crystallization, high whiteness, translucency, and mechanical and chemical properties suitable for several applications.
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Kanzaki, Natsumi, Masahide Kobayashi, Ai Nozaki, and Kazuyoshi Futai. "Myctolaimus platypi sp. n. (Nematoda: Cylindrocorporidae) isolated from the oak borer, Platypus quercivorus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae)." Nematology 8, no. 5 (2006): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854106778877820.
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Abstract Myctolaimus platypi sp. n. is described and figured. The third-stage dauer juveniles of M. platypi sp. n. were isolated from the underside of the elytra of the oak borer, Platypus quercivorus, and were reared on an Asparagine-Mannitol (A-M) agar. Specimens of adult nematodes for description and measurements were collected from a 2-week-old culture on A-M agar. The new species is characterised by having the stoma shorter than the pro-metacorpus, shape of the rounded-cylindroid pro-metacorpus, the obvious longitudinal striations on the cuticle, and thick cuticle. The male and female of the new species have a body length of ca 700-1000 μm, a value of ca 20, b value of ca 6, and c value of ca 10. Males of the new species have strongly arcuate, C-shaped spicules 71 (62-80) μm long, 29 (25-35) μm long gubernaculum with pointed distal end, and nine pairs of caudal papillae. There is no bursa. Ceratosolenus is proposed as a junior synonym of Myctolaimus and the following new combinations are also proposed: M. anoplophorae comb. n.; M. inevectus comb. n.; and M. racemosa comb. n.
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Tamai, Masato, Koji Nishio, Toshiyuki Isshiki, and Atsushi Nakahira. "Transmission Electron Microscopic Study on Thermal Decomposition Process of Calcium-Deficient Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.785.
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In our previous study, we reported that a metastable phase with high Ca/P molar ratio appeared in the temperature range from 700 οC to 800οC The purpose of this study is to investigate the crystallographic relationship between the metastable phase and HAp matrix. Ca-def HAp was annealed at 500-1000' ο C in air. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) observations were performed along the [010], [110] and [001] zone axes in order to investigate the structure of the metastable phase. From HRTEM images and results of the analysis of selected area electron diffraction patterns along [010], [110] and [001] zone axes, the lattice constants of the metastable phase were analyzed into a=2.86nm, b=0.94nm, and c=0.69nm of an orthorhombic crystals system.
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Cordy-Collins, Alana. "Archaism or Tradition?: The Decapitation Theme in Cupisnique and Moche Iconography." Latin American Antiquity 3, no. 3 (September 1992): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971715.
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The Cupisnique (ca. 1000-200 B. C.) and the Moche (ca. 100 B. C.-A. D. 800) inhabited much of the same territory of Peru's north coast in Precolumbian times, and both are noted for their extraordinary and distinct artistry. Despite the distinctiveness of the two art styles, various similarities between them have been noted. One investigation concluded that archaistic copying was the explanation for the similarities (Rowe 1971). In contrast, the present study arrives at the opposite interpretation: that the Moche knew the symbolic content of the earlier images and retained it. Decapitation is a concept that is essentially pan-Andean and, therefore, it is not surprising that both the Cupisnique and the Moche subscribed to it. What is surprising, particularly in view of the universality of the idea, is that both groups employed virtually the same cast of characters. This paper demonstrates a continuity of belief between Cupisnique and Moche societies through an investigation of the Decapitator theme.
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Akinola, L. A. F., and C. F. Nwanochi. "Evaluation of calcium and vitamin D3 in cassava-based diets on internal and external qualities of chicken eggs." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i2.2926.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium and vitamin D3 in cassava-based layers' diet on the external and internal qualities of egg. One hundred and thirty-five, ISA brown layers aged 54 weeks were assigned randomly to 9 treatment (T) combinations with three replicates in a 3×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Each replicate had five hens while the diets were: T1 = 3.5% Ca and 1000 IU vitamin D3 , T2 = 3.5% Ca and 2000 IU vitamin D3 , T3 = 3.5% Ca and 3000 IU vitamin D3 , T4 = 4.5% Ca and 1000 IU vitamin D3 , T5 = 4.5% Ca and 2000 IU vitamin D3 , T6 = 4.5% Ca and 3000 IU vitamin D3 , T7 = 5.5% Ca and 1000 IU vitamin D3 , T8 = 5.5% Ca and 2000 IU vitamin D3 , and T9 = 5.5% Ca and 3000 IU vitamin D3 . After 12 weeks, two eggs were collected per replicate to assess the 3 external and internal egg qualities. The increasing levels of calcium and vitamin D3 had no effect on the external and internal qualities of the eggs. From the result, hens that were fed 4.5% and 5.5% Ca recorded highest shell thickness. The interaction of calcium and vitamin D3 affected the shell thickness with hens fed diet T5 (4.5% Ca with 2000 IU) recording the thickest egg shell while T2 (3.5% Ca with 2000 IU) recorded the lowest. It was therefore concluded that 4.5% and 5.5% dietary calcium, 1000 IU and 3000 IU vitamin D3 were best when used individually in the diet for hens while T5 (4.5% calcium with 2000 IU) favoured eggs shell thickness for hens aged 54 -66 weeks. Une augmentation de la production des chevres dans les zones tropicales a conduit à une concurrence continue avec les humains pour la nourriture car la plupart des protéines étant donné les aliments conventionnels (gâteau à l'arachide, gâteau palmiste, soja) entre autres sont de plus en plus rares et coûteux, il est donc nécessaire de trouver du matériel d'alimentation non conventionnel qui peut remplacer considérablement les aliments conventionnels sans conséquences négatives sur l'animal. Ce travail de recherche visait donc les caractéristiques de performance des chèvres naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest (le 'WAD') nourries de grainesde testaà base de cacao (le 'CST') en remplacement du supplément de concentré de gâteau au palmiste à un régime basal d'herbe. Douze chèvres naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest de 15 à 16 mois avec un poids moyen de 16.5 kg ont été utilisées pour l'expérience. Ils ont été attribués au hasard à trois régimes concentrés de telle sorte que 0%, 50%, 100% étaient pour le groupe A, B et C, respectivement du gâteau de palmiste (le 'PKC') ont été remplacés par des testicules de graines de cacao (le 'CST'). Chacun des trois groupes a été élevé sur l'un des suppléments de concentré alimentés à un régime basal de l'herbe (Cynodonnlemfuensis). L'expérience a duré six semaines, au cours de laquelle deux semaines ont été utilisées pour acclimatiser les animaux aux cages. Le résultat de l'expérience a montré une différence significative (P<0.05) dans l'apport alimentaire global moyen, le poids gagné et le ratio de conversion des aliments pour animaux parmi les traitements. Le gain de poids quotidien moyen et le gain de poids global parmi les groupes de traitement étaient significativement différence (P<0.05). Les chèvres nourries de régime B utilisé l'alimentation mieux avec un gain de poids de 2539.96 g suivie par ceux de l'alimentation C avec gain de poids de 1969.94 g. L'inclusion de graines de testa à base de cacao de 50 % à 100 % de remplacement pour le gâteau au palmiste améliore la croissance de la chèvre naine d'Afrique de l'Ouest.
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Mardina, Dian, Dwi Asmi, Muhammad Badaruddin, and Anne Zulfia Syahrial. "Preparation of Synthetic β-Wollastonite Produced from Amorphous SiO2 Bamboo Leaf Ash and Meretix meretix Shell." Materials Science Forum 1029 (May 2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1029.167.
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The objective of this study is to produce b-wollastonite from amorphous SiO2 obtained from bamboo leaf ash (BLA) and CaO derived from meretix meretix shell (MMS) using solid state reaction. Amorphous SiO2 utilization in this work obtained by precipitation of BLA and calcined at 700 °C for 3 h, whereas CaO MMS was generated by calcination of MMS at 1000 °C for 5 h. High purity amorphous SiO2 obtained was 99.325 wt % and CaO purity obtained was 97.531 wt %. Single phase of b-wollastonite found in this study as confirmed by XRD results. The vibrations at 933.42 , 904.49, and 890.99 cm-1 were caused by the Si-O-Ca bond, which shows the bonding of b-wollastonite obtained from the FTIR. The acicular morphology of b-wollastonite with average grains size of 0.28,0.33 and 0.71 mm was obtained for the samples calcined at 900 , 1000 , and 1100 °C respectively.
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Roberts, James E., and Michael A. Saluta. "Evaluation of Guardian 7.5% Cattle Ear Tags for Hog Louse Control on Swine, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.354.
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Abstract Efficacy of Guardian 7.5% cattle ear tags was evaluated in Jun and Jul for hog louse control on swine. Permectrin™ 10.0% calf ear tags were used for comparative efficacy. The following treatment groups were established on 6 Jun in Patrick Co, VA: A) Guardian 7.5% cattle ear tags, consisting of 4 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb, and 1 adult boar, weighing ca. 600 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear. B) Permectrin 10.0% calf ear tags, consisting of 4 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb, and 1 adult boar, weighing ca. 800 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear. C) Untreated control, consisting of 5 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb. All treatment groups were penned separately from each other in a loafing barn for the duration of the trial.
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Jaya, Ramadhansyah Putra, Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor, Zainal Arifin Ahmad, and Zakaria Mohd Amin. "Properties of Mortar Containing Rice Husk Ash at Different Temperature and Exposed to Aggressive Environment." Advanced Materials Research 620 (December 2012): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.620.87.
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The properties of mortar containing rice husk ash at varying temperatures were studied. Three rice husk ash samples were prepared at different temperatures and with various colors, i.e., 600°C (pink), 800°C (grey), and 1000°C (white), all were used for this study. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), a well known universal binder, was partially replaced with rice husk ash at 10, 15, 20, and 30% by weight of binder. The water to binder ratio (W/B) of the mortar was kept constant at 0.45. The mortars were subjected to seawater or saturated Ca (OH)2 solution. The controlled and exposed mortars were characterized using X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and compressive strength test. The results show that the amount of silica present in RHA are varied with burning temperature and colors, approximately in the range of 95 to 97%. White RHA produced higher compressive strength both in seawater and Ca (OH)2 solution. Finally, white RHA with 15% replacement was most suitable to be used as additive in OPC, and showed good potential for use in seawater applications and alkaline environment.
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Halstead, Paul, and H. J. Greenfield. "The Palaeoeconomy of the Central Balkans (Serbia): A Zooarchaeological Perspective on the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age (Ca. 4500-1000 B. C.)." American Journal of Archaeology 93, no. 4 (October 1989): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505337.
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Oliveira, Sueyde Fernandes De, Simone Da Costa Mello, and Keigo Minami. "Influência do cálcio e do silício, via fertirrigação, na qualidade de hastes florais de gérbera." Revista Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental 18, no. 2 (October 16, 2012): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/rbho.v18i2.686.
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<p>Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do cálcio (Ca) e do silício (Si), via fertirrigação, na qualidade de flores cortadas de</p><p>gérbera, foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação, no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por três níveis de Ca (7,5; 10,0 e 12,5 mmol.L-1) e quatro níveis de Si (0; 2,95; 4,43 e 5,89 mmol.L-1), aplicados via solução nutritiva, avaliados em três épocas, com três repetições. O cultivo da gérbera foi feito em vasos plásticos de 5L, preenchidos com fibra de coco. A partir do início das aplicações, na fase reprodutiva, foram avaliados a qualidade das hastes florais no ponto de colheita, pelo comprimento e diâmetro da haste, diâmetro do capítulo e intensidade da coloração das pétalas (L, C, a, b e hº), além da longevidade e perda de massa no período pós-colheita. A qualidade das hastes florais sofreu influência da aplicação de Ca e Si para o parâmetro a, cromaticidade e comprimento da haste, aos 90 e 150 dias após o transplante (DAT). O Si aplicado semanalmente via solução nutritiva durante o cultivo da gérbera aumentou a vida pós-colheita de flores coletadas aos 210 DAT.</p>
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Xiong, Gang. "Influence of ZnO-B2O3-Na2O Glass on Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.8Sn0.2]O3−δ−0.1TiO2 Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.629.
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The effects of ZnO-B2O3-Na2O(ZBN) glass on the sinterability and microwave dielectric properties of Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.8Sn0.2]O3−δ−0.1TiO2 (CLNS−0.1TiO2) ceramics were investigated . ZBN glass doping can effectively reduce sintering temperatue by 100~150°C. The temperature coefficient of resonator frequency τf increased with an increase of ZBN glass content and sintering temperatue. When ZBN glass of 3wt% were added, the optimum microwave dielectric properties: εr =28.8,Qf =10960GHz and τf = − 7.5×10−6/°C were obtained at the sintering temperature of 1050°C.
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Kádár, Imre. "Analysis of interactions between potassium, boron and strontium in alfalfa." Agrokémia és Talajtan 61, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.60.2012.1.10.
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Mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajon, az MTA TAKI Nagyhörcsök Kísérleti Telepén (Mezőföldön) vizsgáltuk a kálium, bór és stroncium elemek közötti kölcsönhatásokat 1991 és 1994 között lucernában. A lucerna telepítése előtt 400 kg P2O5·ha-1 alaptrágyát adtunk szuperfoszfát formájában. A K-szinteket megismételt 0, 1000 és 2000 K2O-, a B-szinteket megismételt 0, 20, 40 és 60 kg·ha-1 B-, a Sr-szinteket 67 kg·ha-1 Sr-adaggal állítottuk be. Műtrágyaként 60%-os kálisót, 11%-os bóraxot és 33%-os SrCl2×6H2O sót alkalmaztunk. Főparcellánként 3 K-kezelés, alparcellánként 4 B-kezelés, al-alparcellánként 2 Sr-kezelés szolgált: 24 kezelés×3 ismétlés = 72 parcellával osztott parcellás elrendezésben. A kísérlet beállításakor 1987 őszén a szántott réteg 5% CaCO3-ot, 3% humuszt, 20% agyagot tartalmazott. A pH(H2O) 7,8; a pH(KCl) 7,3; az AL-K2O 180–200, az AL-P2O5 100–120, a KCl-oldható Mg 110–150, a KCl+EDTA-oldható Mn 60–80, a Cu és Zn 1–2, valamint a B 0,7 mg·kg-1 értékkel volt jellemezhető. A termőhely kielégítő K-, Ca- és Mg-; közepes N- és P-; valamint gyenge Zn- és Cu-ellátottságú. A talajvíz szintje 13–15 m mélyen található, a terület aszályérzékeny. Az átlagos középhőmérséklet 11 °C, az éves csapadékösszeg 400–600 mm közötti egyenetlen eloszlással. A főbb megállapítások, levonható tanulságok: – Ezen a káliummal és bórral egyaránt kielégítően ellátott karbonátos vályogtalajon trágyahatások a termésben nem jelentkeztek. Az extrémen nagy, ismételt 2000 kg·ha-1 K2O-, illetve 60 kg·ha-1 B-adagok sem okoztak terméscsökkenést. A talaj AL-K2O tartalma a kontrollon mért 191 mg·kg-1-ról 515 mg·kg-1-ra, a forróvíz oldható B-tartalma 0,7 mg·kg-1-ról 5,1 mg·kg-1-ra nőtt a maximális adagokkal. – A lucerna B-tartalma 30–50 mg·kg-1-ról ugyanitt 50–120 mg·kg-1-ra nőtt. A Ktrágyázással emelkedett a széna K-, valamint visszaesett Na-, Mg-, Ca- és Cu-koncentrációja. A széna Cu-tartalmát a B-trágyázás is igazolhatóan mérsékelte, növelve a lucerna látens Cu-hiányát, 3 mg·kg-1 körüli Cu-tartalmat eredményezve a szénában. – A 2. éves lucerna volt a leggazdagabb a N, K, Ca, Mg, S és P makroelemekben és a legnagyobb szénatermést adta. Ebből adódóan a maximális elemfelvételt mutatta 319 kg N, 176 kg K (211 kg K2O), 184 kg Ca, 31 kg S, 28 kg Mg és 22 kg P (50 kg P2O5) hektáronkénti mennyiséggel. – A 4 év alatt 26,4 t·ha-1 széna termett, melybe 756 kg N, 654 kg K2O és 158 kg P2O5 épült be. A lucernatermesztés gyorsan elszegényítheti a talajt, főként káliumban. Mészben szegény talajokat kalciumban is, mivel a Ca-felvétel hasonló mértékű lehet. A felvett nitrogén nagyobb része viszont a levegőből származik. A visszamaradó, nitrogénben gazdag gyökérmaradványok a talaj N-szolgáltatását növelik, a következő növény N-trágyaszükségletét mérséklik. – Az 1 t széna képződéséhez szükséges átlagos fajlagos elemigény 1991 és 1994 között ezen a talajon 20–40 kg N, 18–22 kg K és Ca, 3–4 kg Mg és S, 2–3 kg P (5– 7 kg P2O5) volt. Adataink iránymutatóul szolgálhatnak a tervezett termés K-, Ca-, Mg-, P- és S-igényének számításakor. A fajlagos mikroelem-tartalmak szórása az alábbinak adódott: 400–500 g Na, 80–120 g Fe és Sr, 40–60 g Mn, 20–50 g Al és B, 12–16 g Zn, 8–10 g Ba, 5–20 g Cu és 0,3–1,4 g Ni. A fajlagos Zn és Cu mutatók tükrözik a termőhely gyenge ellátottságát, optimum alattiak.
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Herawaty, Lenita, Eti Rohaeti, Charlena, and Sulistioso Giat Sukaryo. "Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle from Tutut (Bellamya javanica) Shells by Using Precipitation Method for Artificial Bone Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.284.
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The synthesis and characterization of both structural and microstructure of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles by using precipitation method have been performed. Orthophosphoric acid solution (H3PO4) 0.3 M was dropped into the suspension of Ca(OH)2 from tutut (Bellamya javanica) shells at pH 10 and added by NH4OH 1 M at the final deposition process. The precipitate was filtered and then heated in a furnace at temperature of 1000 °C for 3 hours. The result of elemental analysis showed that the Ca/P ratio of HAp sample was 1.71. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the sample was a single phase of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 with hexagonal structure (P63/m) and lattice parameters of a = b = 9.418(3) Å, c = 6.885(2) Å, a = b = 90o, g = 120o, V = 528.9(4) Å3, and r = 3.084 g cm-3. The as-synthesized HAp has crystallite and particle sizes of 16.1055 and 89.15 nm, respectively. The TEM image revealed that the HAp particles have spherical-polygonal shape with an average diameter particles of around 10-20 nm. It was concluded that the synthesis of HAp nanoparticles from tutut (Bellamya javanica) shells by using a wet precipitation method has been successfully carried out and the as-synthesized HAp was potential to be applied as materials for artificial bone engineering.
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Radic-Peric, Jelena, and Milan Markicevic. "The formation of boron, silicon and calcium containing molecular species in a graphite furnace in Ar/O2 mixtures." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 65, no. 3 (2000): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0003181r.
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The composition of the Ar/O2/C gas system in the presence of traces of either B, Si or Ca was calculated under the assumption of thermal equilibrium in the temperature range 500.5500 K. The mole concentration of oxygen was taken to be 1.4 %. Two sets of calculations were carried out. In the first one the presence of solid phase (graphite) was ignored and the calculations were performed for a single-phase (gas) system, at variable ratios C/O (0.5, 0.96, 1 and 2). In the second set of calculations the presence of solid carbon (graphite) was taken into account and the composition of the gas system in equilibrium with solid carbon, at p = 1 atm, was determined. The results presented show that the equilibrium composition, particularly the concentration of different compounds involving the trace elements , is very sensitive to the amounts, and the ratio of the amounts of oxygen and carbon. Increasing the O/C ratio results in increasing partial pressures of molecular and atomic oxygen, which favours the formation of oxides of the trace elements and moves their atomization temperatures to higher values. On the other hand, increasing the C/O ratio (C/O >1) favours atomization, but also carbide formation in the lower-temperature region. It was found that, over a relatively wide temperature interval (1000 < T < 3500 K), the composition of theAr/O2/C/X (X = B, Si, Ca) system, with comparable amounts of oxygen and carbon (C/O = 1), does not significantly depend on the presence of the solid phase. The results of calculations enable a reasonable interpretation of numerous experiments carried out on similar systems.
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Soydan, Mehmet Gökhan, and Fatime Erdoğan. "Effects of various antioxidants on oxidative stability of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) oil." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.36.4.07.
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The aim of study was to investigate four commercial available antioxidants (groups A (300 mg propyl gallate (PG)+10 mg rosemary extract (RE)/1000 mg), B (240 mg butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA)+80 mg PG+80 mg citric acid (CA)/1000 mg), C (120 mg BHA+120 mg PG+50 mg CA)/1000 mg), D (150 mg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)+100 mg BHA+10 mg PG)/1000 mg) used to evaluate oxidation during the storage in fish oil. Antioxidants were added to the fish oil to determine which ones were most effective in preventing oxidation, and fish oil was stored in the amber bottles at room temperature (20 °C) for 90 days. The control group samples were stored under the same conditions and antioxidant was not added. To determine the effect of antioxidants, the recommended by the manufacturer dose of commercial antioxidant (1000 mg kg-1 fish oil) was used in the experimental groups. The formation of the primary and secondary oxidation products in fish oil storage trial was examined by conducting the peroxide value (PV) and p-anisidine value (AV) analyses. The total oxidation value (TOTOX) was calculated based on the PV and AV measurements. Minor changes were observed in the PV of the fish oil during the first 30 days. In the study, antioxidant added samples (groups B, C, D > 5 meq kg-1) were oxidized on the 45th day; on the other hand both control and group A oxidized on the 75th day. A possible prooxidative effect was seen for some of the antioxidants. There was a very little change secondary oxidation of fish oil and no significant effects of all four antioxidant groups on the changes of AV (<20) during the storage period (P>0.05). In addition TOTOX was calculated under GOED (<26) limit during the storage for 90 days. At the end of the study, control samples were not significantly different from the other samples with antioxidant-added. Due to the results obtained at the end of the 90-day study, it was found that none of the antioxidants were used efficiently in this study.
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Mohd Shohaimi, Norshahidatul Akmar, Jafariah Jaafar, and Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar. "Effect of Cu Addition onto CaO/Al2O3 Catalyst for Naphthenic Acid Removal from Crude Oil." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.79.
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Oil is one of the most important energy sources for the world and will likely remain so for many decades, even in the most optimistic projection about the growth of alternative energy sources. Petroleum industry nowadays faced a problem when the naphthenic acid (NA) compound naturally present in the acidic crude oil tends to induce corrosion in oil refining process. Total Acid Number (TAN) represent the amount of naphthenic acid in the oil with the permissible limit of TAN in crude oil is less than 1. Various methods had been used to remove NA in crude oil such as dilution and caustic washing. But all methods have their own weakness. Hence, in order to overcome the acidic crude oil problem, a new catalytic deacidification technique will be introduced in this study. Three types of crude: Petronas Penapisan Melaka Heavy Crude (Crude A) and Light Crude (Crude B) and Korean Crude (Crude C) were studied. Parameters studied were dosing amount of basic chemical used, catalyst calcination temperature, and percentage of the basic chemical in the co-solvent. The basic chemical used in this study was ammonia solution in ethylene glycol (NH3-EG). By using Ca/Al2O3 catalyst with calcination temperature of 10000C, the results showed 66.7% (1000 mg/L of NH3-EG) reduction in TAN for crude A, 53.9% reduction for crude B while for crude C the percentage of TAN reduction was 41% only. Addition of Cu as a dopant in this study had increased the TAN reduction for all three types of crude oil. TAN in crude A (80% of TAN reduction) and crude B (77% of TAN reduction) were successfully reduced to less than 1 with only using 1000 mg/L of NH3-EG with the aids of Cu/Ca (10:90)/Al2O3 catalyst at calcination temperature of 10000C while for crude C the TAN was still higher than 1 but the percentage of TAN reduction increased to 46%.
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Hwang, S. L., P. Shen, H. T. Chu, T. F. Yui, M. E. Varela, and Y. Iizuka. "Kuratite, Ca4(Fe2+10Ti2)O4[Si8Al4O36], the Fe2+-analogue of rhönite, a new mineral from the D'Orbigny angrite meteorite." Mineralogical Magazine 80, no. 6 (October 2016): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.043.
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AbstractKuratite, ideally Ca4(Fe2+10Ti2)O4[Si8Al4O36], the Fe2+-analogue of rhönite and a new member of the sapphirine supergroup, was identified from the D'Orbigny angrite meteorite by electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Based on the least-squares refinement of 25 d-spacings measured from selected-area electron diffraction patterns of 11 zone axes, the symmetry of kuratite was shown to be triclinic (space groupby analogy to rhönite) witha= 10.513(7),b= 10.887(7),c= 9.004(18) Å, α = 105.97(13), β = 96.00(12), γ = 124.82(04)°,V= 767 ± 2 Å3 and Z = 1 for the 40 oxygen formula. The empirical formula based on eight electron microprobe analyses is (Ca3.88Na0.02REE3+0.03Mn0.03Mg0.01Ni0.02Zn0.01Sr0.01)∑4.01(Fe2+9.989.9Ti2.00)∑11.98(Si7.80Al3.52Fe3+0.64P0.05S0.02)∑12.03O39.98F0.01Cl0.01. The simplified formula is Ca4(Fe2+10Ti2)O4[Si8Al4O36]. Micro-Raman spectroscopy showed four main bands resembling those of lunar rhönite but with higher frequencies due to different chemical composition. Analogous to the occurrence of kuratite in terrestrial basaltic rocks, kuratite coexisting with Al, Ti-bearing hedenbergite, ulvöspinel, iron-sulfide, tsangpoite, Ca-rich fayalite and kirschsteinite in D'Orbigny angrite most probably was formed at >1000°C by rapid cooling of an interstitial melt, which is subsilicic, almost Mg-free but enriched in Al-P-Ca-Ti-Fe.
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BELAYa, Zh E., L. Ya ROZhINSKAYa, G. S. KOLESNIKOVA, A. V. IL'IN, N. I. SAZONOVA, T. O. ChERNOVA, T. M. ALEKSEEVA, et al. "OPYT PRIMENENIYa PROFILAKTIChESKOY DOZY ALENDRONATA (FOSAMAKS 35 mg) DLYa LEChENIYa OSTEOPOROZA u zhenshchin v postmenopauzes subklinicheskim tireotoksikozom." Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2007): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/osteo2007112-19.
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The aim was to estimate the effects of treatment with alendronate (Fosomax 35 mg) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Thirty postmenopausal women (64 (60-69) years old) with osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -2,5) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (77% with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism and 23% on L-thyroxine suppres-sive therapy after thyroidectomy due to differentiated thyroid cancer) were randomly assigned into two groups: 1-14 women received Fosamax 35 mg a week in combination with 500 mg of calcium and 400 UI of Vitamin D3 (VD) daily; 2-16 women received 1000 mg of calcium and 800 UI of VD daily. Euthyroidism was achieved in all women with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism. An increase in physical activity was recommended to all patients and a hypolipidemic diet was given to those who had had high cholesterol level. Biochemical parameters (calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), creatinine (Cre), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol/HDL ratio) in fasting serum as well as calcium/creatinine ratio in fasting urine (U-Ca/U-Cre); biochemical markers of bone metabolism: osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (b-CTx) serum ("ECLIA", Roche Elecsys 1010/2010), BMD (DXA; Prodigy, Lunar) at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH) and radius total (RT) were measured at the baseline visit and after 1 year of treatment. At the baseline visit there were not found any differences between the 1 and the 2 groups. After 12 months of treatment the markers of bone metabolism as well as ALP decreased significantly in both groups, though the decreases were significantly greater (p
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ASGHARI, RAMAZAN, EBRAHIM POURJAM, RAMIN HEYDARI, and ZENG QI ZHAO. "Laimaphelenchus persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Iran." Zootaxa 3325, no. 1 (May 25, 2012): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3325.1.5.
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Laimaphelenchus persicus n. sp. is described and illustrated from the Caspian region of Iran, where it was extracted frombark collected from Pinus sylvestris. The new species is characterized by females with a body length of 615–925 µm, a(35.9–48.7), b (6.5–8.0), b' (3.9–5.4), c (17.5–24.7), c' (2.8–3.7), V (66.6–69.0%), stylet 10.0–11.5 µm, long post-vulvaluterine sac of 100–162μm, vulva having a flap, anteriorly sloping vagina massively sclerotized, and tail with an offsetterminus bearing 4 clearly pedunculate tubercles ending in 4–6 finger-like protrusions; and males with spicules 19–21μmlong, and three pairs of caudal papillae: one pre-anal, one at ca half tail length and one small pair anterior to tail terminus.The phylogenetic relationships of this new species were analysed using sequences of the D2/D3 region of the 28S ribo-somal RNA gene. SEM’s were prepared for morphologically informative parts and a dichotomous key to the genus Laimaphelenchus is given.
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Sinurat, E., F. R. Dewi, D. Fransiska, and R. Nurbayasari. "Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite of Cockle Shells (Anadara granosa) Originated from Indonesia Through Precipitation Method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1118, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012035.
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Abstract The precipitation method successfully synthesized cockle shells into a highly valuable biomaterial in the present investigation. The present work aimed to determine the effect of the technical approach; (1) calcination temperatures of calcium oxide preparation and (2) sintering time of HA synthesis. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis revealed that the cockle shells were calcined at 600 – 1000 °C for 3 hours and had a fine CaO powder. Thus, those sintering temperature is used as the starting point for the calcination of cockle shells. The calcinated CaO powder was then analyzed. The analysis conducted includes yield, functional group analysis using FT-IR, morphological analysis using SEM, and analysis of the composition of Carbon (C), Calcium (Ca), Oxygen (O), and Phosphor (P). Furthermore, hydroxyapatite synthesis (HA) was done with three different sintering times (2, 4, and 6 hours) at 800 °C. The characterized HA was functional group morphology, major elemental in the apatite constituents, and the crystallinity degree. Obtained the optimum temperature result for calcinated at a temperature of 800 °C. The results of HA synthesis obtained by HA quality have approached commercial HA products judging from the composition of Ca, O, and P, but the quality still includes type B of commercial HA. The HA particles obtained are micro-sized, which is 304 nm at a temperature sintering of 800 °C for 4 hours. The micro-sized allows a by-product of cockle shells as raw material HA to be applied as a futuristic biomaterial in bone/teeth implants.
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Wulandari, Rateh, Ferry Poernama, Zuprizal Zuprizal, and Nanung Danar Dono. "THE EFFECTS OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATIONS IN PREDICTING THE NON-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT OF BROILERS IN STARTER PHASE." Buletin Peternakan 41, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i2.12200.
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This study was aimed to observe the requirements of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) with phytase supplementation in starter phase broiler. A total number of 1000 broiler (500 males and 500 females) were divided into 5 dietary treatments for 21 days rearing period. The treatment diets (P1-P5) were basal diets with 0.67% Calcium (Ca) and 60 FTU phytase that combined with NPP at different levels, i.e.: 0.420% (P1); 0.345% (P2); 0.270% (P3); 0.195% (P4); 0.120% (P5). The basal diet was a corn-soybean based diet that contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% Phosphorus (P). The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using complete randomized design. Response variables that observed in current study were: feed intake, nett gain, feed convertion ratio, average body weight, mortality and toe ash. Measurement of responses due to the reduction of NPP supplementation on average body weight and toe ash were then followed subsequently by generating equation for quadratic curve y = ax2+bx+c to determinate the NPP requirement. Determination of the maximum response was done through ymaks = -b/2a. Results showed that based on average body weight, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation were 0.317% for the 0-10 days; 0.314% for the 11-21 days; and 0.315% for the the 0-21 days rearing periods. Based on toe ash content, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation was 0.990% (toe) for the 21 days rearing period. This study was aimed to observe the requirements of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) with phytase supplementation in starter phase broiler. A total number of 1000 broiler (500 males and 500 females) were divided into 5 dietary treatments for 21 days rearing period. The treatment diets (P1-P5) were basal diets with 0.67% Calcium (Ca) and 60 FTU phytase that combined with NPP at different levels, i.e.: 0.420% (P1); 0.345% (P2); 0.270% (P3); 0.195% (P4); 0.120% (P5). The basal diet was a corn-soybean based diet that contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% Phosphorus (P). The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using complete randomized design. Response variables that observed in current study were: feed intake, nett gain, feed convertion ratio, average body weight, mortality and toe ash. Measurement of responses due to the reduction of NPP supplementation on average body weight and toe ash were then followed subsequently by generating equation for quadratic curve y = ax2+bx+c to determinate the NPP requirement. Determination of the maximum response was done through ymaks = -b/2a. Results showed that based on average body weight, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation were 0.317% for the 0-10 days; 0.314% for the 11-21 days; and 0.315% for the the 0-21 days rearing periods. Based on toe ash content, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation was 0.990% (toe) for the 21 days rearing period.
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Zakaria, Zakaria, Andi Adam Malik, Khairuddin Khairuddin, and Muhammad Ishak. "The Effect of Fermentation Duration on Nutrition Composition of Seaweed (Sargassum sp.) Liquid Organic Fertilizer." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 12, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v12i1.25669.
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This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation duration on the nutrient composition of seaweed liquid organic fertilizer (Sargassum sp). This research was conducted from May to June 2017 at The University of Muhammadiyah Parepare. Test materials used in the form of seaweed and lactobacillus. The container used in the implementation of this research is 6 bottles of 1000 ml size, before the bottles are used first the bottles are washed clean. Then each bottle is filled with extracts of Sargassum sp. as much as 800 ml and 40 ml of probiotics. Two bottles of treatment A (without fermentation), 2 bottles for treatment B (7 days fermentation), 2 bottles for treatment C (14 days fermentation). The design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 types of each treatment. The results showed that micro nutrients that the iron (Fe) were obtained highest in treatment C (concentration 162 ppm), Silica (Si) in treatment A (100 ppm), manganese (Mn) in treatment B (29 ppm). For the highest macro nutrients potassium (K) obtained in treatment C (concentration 0.52%), Calcium (Ca) in treatment B (0.33%), Sulfur (S) in treatment C (0.31%) , Chlorine (Cl) in treatment C (concentration 0.27%). The research concludes that the length of time of fermentation affects the nutrient content of liquid organic fertilizer seaweed.
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Karakas, Zeynep, Agageldi Annayev, Altan Yalciner, and Sevinc Emre. "Evaluation of Early Glomerulopathy and Tubulopathy in Patients with Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4904.4904.
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Abstract Background: We have less information about renal injury in patients with transfusion dependent ß thalassemia (TDT).Cystatin C (Cys-C) is a marker to predict glomerular dysfunction with higher sensitivity and specificity than serum creatinine. Asymptomatic renal tubular dysfunction demonstrated in patients with Beta-thalassaemia who receive deferasirox although age and dose-dependent toxicity profile could not be fully understood. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate renal tubular and glomeruler functions and the etiology of early glomerulopathy and tubulopathy in patients with TDT. Patients and methods: Fifty TDT patients (2-45years, 28 F and 22 M, mean age:18.4±11.8 years), were evaluated for glomerulopatrhy and tubulopathy by using standard hematology and biochemistry, urine pH, blood pH, urine ca/crea ratio and meanFractional Na excretion (FENe) and compared to reference values. Thirthy healthy volunteer (18 F and 12 M, mean age: 21,6 ± 11, age ranged 3-44 years) were evaluated as control group. Thirthy-eight (75.5%) patients were receiving Deferasirox (DFX), 8 (16.3%) were Deferipron (DFP), 4 small children (8%) were none. Serum Cys-C and urine β-2MG were measured using a latex particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay. Patients with known renal disease were excluded. Results: The main results of the study for tubulopathy were: a. Mean Na, K, Ca, P, urine and blood pH were within normal ranged. b. Eight older patients (16%) had high FENe. 7/8 of these patients received long term DFX therapy (mean 6,1±2.3 years) with 20-30mg/kg/day dose, c. Mean Ca/crea ratio (0.22 ± 0.11)and mean urine pH were found higher than normal level e. Eighteen percent (n=9) of patients had high urine β-2 MG (p<0.01). For glomerulopaty; a. No patient had increased serum Crea according to age. b. Mean urea, creatinin and albumin level determined within normal ranged b. eGFR was determinated above normal reference values according to age. c. 25/50 patients (50%) had higher serum Cys-C values compared with controls (p<0.001).When we evaluated the etiology of early glomerulopathy and tubulopathy,we found that; a. There were no statistically significant differences between pretransfusion Hb, liver iron overload, cardiac iron overload, and sistatin C, β-2 MG, FENa, Ca/Kreatinin, and GFR. b. Cys- C, urea, creatinine increases with the age, β-2 MG and FENe does not change with age. c. There was no statistically significant difference between Cys-C and β-2 MG levels in patients used DFP and control groups' but statistically difference was found between DFX and control group(Table 1). d. B-2 MG level significantly increased who received high dose DFX (20-30 and 30-40 mg/kg/day compared to 15-20 mg/kg/day dose and controls (Table 2). e. β-2MG level were higher in patients with ferritin level <500 ng/ml and >1000 ng/ mL than in control group (p<0.000). Low and high ferritin level were risk for tubulopathy in TDT patients (Table 3). f. There was positive correlation between Cys-C and age. g. Cys- C is significantly higher than the control group in all patients and not related to DFX dose. h. Cys C were detected significantly higher than the control group in all patients not related to ferrtin levels. Conclusion: Early identification of subclinical renal glomerular and tubular ýnjury in TDT patients had great importance and it may allow specific measures to delay the progression of renal damage.We suggest to evaluate intermittently early marker of glomerulopathy and tubulopathy in addition to routine renal function tests to prevent major renal injury in TDT patients. Table-1. Beta 2 MG, Cys-C levels in different chelations Chelation All pts(n=50) Deferipron(n=8) Deferasirox(n=38) Control (n=30) Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Β-2MG mg/L 0,35 ± 0,43 0,20 ± 0,00 0,39 ± 0,49 0,20 ± 0,01 Cys-C mg/L 0,75 ± 0,12 0,73 ± 0,09 0,75 ± 0,13 0,66 ± 0,09 Table-2. Effect of DFX doses on Beta-2 microglobulin and Cys- C levels Dose 15-20(n=11) 20-30(n=13) 30-40(n=14) Control(n=30) P Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Β-2MG mg/L 0,20 ± 0,00 0,28 ± 0,20 0,56 ± 0,70 0,20 ± 0,01 0,011 Cys-C mg/L 0,76 ± 0,09 0,73 ± 0,16 0,77 ± 0,09 0,66 ± 0,09 0,013 Table-3: Beta-2 microglobulin, Cys-C levels according to Ferritin. Ferritin ( ng/mL) <500 (n=7) 500-1000(n=10) >1000(n=33) Control (n=30) P Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Β-2 MG mg/L 0,49 ± 0,60 0,28 ± 0,24 0,34 ± 0,45 0,20 ± 0,01 0,000 Cys-C mg/L 0,79 ± 0,16 0,80 ± 0,10 0,73 ± 0,11 0,66 ± 0,09 0,001 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Liu, Hua Bin, Han Ning Xiao, Yao Ju Luo, Hong Wei Liao, and Hai Bo Chen. "Microstructure and Crystallization Kinetics Analysis of MO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2(M=Mg, Ca, Ba) Glass-Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1415.
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The effect of alkali earth metal oxides MO (M=Mg, Ca, Ba) on the crystallizing behavior and the microstructure of B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 system (BAS) were studied. DSC, XRD and SEM were used to analyze the crystallization kinetics and to characterize the crystal phases and microstructures of the glass-ceramics. MO can effectively facilitate the formation of BAS glass, and the crystallinity of the glass increases in the order of MgO < BaO < CaO. For one given MO, the crystallinity of the glass is dependent on B2O3/SiO2 ratio: the lower the ratio is, the weaker the crystallinity of the glass will be. It was found that the early crystallization is aluminum metaborate (Al4B2O9) when the glass is heated at 800 °C, and it would transfer into aluminum borate(Al18B4O33) at temperatures over 1000 °C. The activation energy and the Avrami exponent of Al4B2O9 were calculated by Ozawa formulation.
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Kádár, Imre. "Effect of potassium, boron and strontium on poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)." Agrokémia és Talajtan 62, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.62.2013.2.13.
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Mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajon, az MTA ATK TAKI Nagyhörcsöki Kísérleti Telepén (Mezőföldön) vizsgáltuk a K, B és Sr elemek közötti kölcsönhatásokat a kísérlet 11. évében, 1998-ban mák növénnyel.Az alaptrágyázás általában 100–100 kg N és P2O5·ha−1·év−1 volt, amelyet 25%-os pétisó és szuperfoszfát formájában adtunk ki. A K-szinteket megismételt 0, 1000, 2000 kg K2O-, a B-szinteket megismételt 0, 20, 40, 60 kg B-, a Sr-szinteket 67 kg Sr hektáronkénti adaggal állítottuk be. Műtrágyaként 60%-os KCl-ot, 11%-os bóraxot és 33%-os SrCl2·6H2O sót alkalmaztunk. Főparcellánként három K-kezelés, alparcellánként négy B-kezelés, al-alparcellánként két Sr-kezelés szolgált, 24 kezeléssel×3 ismétlésben = 72 parcellával, osztott parcellás elrendezésben.A kisérlet béallításakor (1987 őszén) a szántott réteg 5% CaCO3-ot, 3% humuszt, 20% agyagot tartalmazott. A pH(H2O) 7,8; a pH(KCl) 7,3; az AL-oldható K2O es P2O5 180–200 es 100–120, a KCl-oldhato Mg 110–150, a KCl+EDTA-oldható Mn 60–80, a Cu és Zn 1–2, valamint a B 0,7 mg·kg−1 értékkel volt jellemezhető. A termőhely kielégitő K-, Ca- és Mg-; közepes N- és P-; valamint gyenge Zn- és Cu-ellátottságu. A talajvíz szintje 13–15 m mélyen található, a terület aszályérzékeny. Az átlagos középhőmérséklet 11 °C, az éves csapadékösszeg 400–600 mm közötti, egyenetlen eloszlással.A Kompolti M fajtájú mákot 1998. március 16-án vetettük el 45 cm sortávolságra, 1–2 cm mélyre. A kísérletben végzett agrotechnikai műveletekről és a vonatkozó módszertani megfigyelésekről az 1. táblázat ad áttekintést.A főbb megállapítások, levonható következtetések: — Ebben a kedvező csapadékellátottságú évben a kezeléshatások elmaradtak. Az aratáskori szár 3,4, a tok 1,1, a mag 1,6 t·ha−1 tömeget adott, a mák összes légszáraz föld feletti biomassza tömege 6,1 t·ha−1 mennyiséget tett ki.— A bórtrágya hat év után sem mosódott a mélyebb talajrétegekbe. A sekélyen gyökerező mák szerveinek B-tartalma a többszörösére nőtt a B-terheléssel. Mérséklődött ezzel egyidejűleg a szár és a tok Ca- és Mg-koncentrációja. A K-trágyázás emelte a szár és a tok K-, illetve csökkentette a Mg %-át. Igazolható volt a hat évvel korábban adott 67 kg Sr·ha−1 Sr-trágyázás hatása is a mákszervek emelkedett Srtartalmában.— Az 1 t mag és a hozzá tartozó melléktermés fajlagos/egységnyi elemtartalma 79-41-114-109-20 = N-P2O5-K2O-CaO-MgO kg·t−1 mennyiségnek adódott. Hasonló fajlagos értékeket mértünk korábbi kísérleteinkben is, melyek a hazai szaktanácsadásban ajánlott N, P és K fajlagosokat átlagosan mintegy kétszeresen, a Ca és Mg fajlagosokat 5–6-szorosan múlják felül. Javasoljuk a hazai szaktanács revízióját.
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Aydogdu, Irfan, Franz Michel Martinez, Haris Masood Ansari, Viola Ingrid Birss, and Sathish Ponnurangam. "Reactive Molecular Dynamics Study for CO2 Electrocatalytic Conversion on Lmfcr (M= Sr, Ca) Perovskite-Based Solid Oxides." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 46 (July 7, 2022): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01461973mtgabs.
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Due to their mixed conducting properties as well as their electronic, crystallographic, and chemical versatility, perovskite-based oxides have been shown to be very promising electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion to syngas in high temperature (600 – 1000 °C) solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) integrated with renewable energy resources. In addition to generating fuels and value-added chemicals, CO2 reduction (CO2RR) in SOECs serves to lower atmospheric CO2 emissions. La-based (1) perovskite oxides have been intensively used instead of precious metals and metal-cermet materials (e.g., Ni-YSZ, Ni-GDC) for CO2 electrolysis in high temperature SOECs. The effect of the dopant cations on the electrocatalytic performance and degradation have also been investigated since the segregation of dopants can reconstruct the surface (2). Our team has been actively developing the family of La0.3a0.7Fe0.7Cr0.3O3−δ (LMFCr, where M = Ca or Sr) for CO2 reduction (3,4) showing that CO2RR is more active than CO oxidation, and that the catalyst is also highly active on the air side. More recently, we have shown that Fe-Ni exsolved LCFCr significantly improves the rate of CO oxidation (5), while hardly changed CO2RR. However, a full atomistic scale understanding of the CO2 reduction mechanism and related degradation issues, such as dynamic changes of the surface composition as a function of operating conditions, does not yet exist. The oxygen vacancy concentration (V0) and surface termination of the perovskite material are important factors that affect the CO2RR, as shown recently (6) utilizing DFT methods. In this study, we used Density Functional Theory (DFT) to explore the energetics of the catalytic conversion of CO2 to CO on LMFCr (M = Sr, Ca) perovskite surfaces. The DFT calculations were then used to generate datasets of optimized lattice structures, including point defects, equations of state, surface energies, and surface CO2/CO interactions in order to develop reactive force fields (ReaxFF). The datasets were optimized by using an evolutionary algorithm, CMA-ES, and validated in order to explore the dynamics of the catalytic conversion process under varying conditions, such as temperature, inlet CO2/CO gas ratio, the perovskite surface composition and applied electrical field. Our results have shed light on reaction steps involving adsorption of CO2 at high temperatures, C=O bond activation, and the dominant intermediates as transition states during the conversion process and their role in generating CO. These observations will serve as a foundation to determine the elementary reaction steps involved in the CO2 splitting mechanism on LMFCr at high temperatures. Furthermore, this study will enable us to determine the optimal conditions for the reaction to occur and shed light on possible surface degradation mechanisms, allowing future optimization of the stability and catalytic activity of these promising perovskites. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This computational research was supported by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF), while the platforms for this computational work were provided by Westgrid (https://www.westgrid.ca) and Compute Canada (https://www.computecanada.ca). Thanks are also extended to Oliver Calderon and Misha Pidburtnyi for helpful discussions. References Cao, Z., Wei, B., Miao, J., Wang, Z., Lü, Z., Li, W., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., Zhu, X., Feng, Q. and Sui, Y., (2016). Efficient electrolysis in symmetrical solid oxide electrolysis cell with highly active 3Sr0.7Fe0.7Ti0.3O3 electrode material. Electrochemistry Communications, 69, 80-83. Zhang, Y. Q., Li, J. H., Sun, Y. F., Hua, B., & Luo, J. L. (2016). Highly active and redox-stable Ce-doped LaSrCrFeO-based cathode catalyst for CO2 SOECs. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,, 8(10), 6457-6463. Addo, P. K., Molero‐Sanchez, B., Chen, M., Paulson, S., & Birss, V. (2015). CO/CO2 study of high performance La0. 3Sr0. 7Fe0. 7Cr0. 3O3–δ reversible SOFC electrodes. Fuel Cells, 15(5), 689-696. Molero-Sánchez, B., Morán, E., & Birss, V. (2017). Rapid and Low-Energy Fabrication of Symmetrical Solid Oxide Cells by Microwave Methods. ACS Omega, 2(7), 3716-3723. Ansari, H. M., Bass, A. S., Ahmad, N., & Birss, V. I. (2022). Unraveling the evolution of exsolved Fe–Ni alloy nanoparticles in Ni-doped La 0.3 Ca 0.7 Fe 0.7 Cr 0.3 O 3− δ and their role in enhancing CO 2–CO electrocatalysis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. Kozokaro, V. F., Addo, P. K., Ansari, H. M., Birss, V. I., & Toroker, M. C. (2020). Optimal Oxygen Vacancy Concentration for CO2 Reduction in LSFCr Perovskite: A Combined Density Functional Theory and Thermogravimetric Analysis Measurement Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124(50), 27453-27466.
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Wakeman, Lisa, Roger Munro, Nick Dorward, Ann Benton, Andy Gibb, and Saad Al-Ismail. "New Coagulation Assays Reference Ranges for Healthy Adults Using the Modern Sysmex CA-1500 Coagulometer." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4025.4025.
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Abstract Reference ranges (RRs) in coagulation are applicable only to specific analyser and reagent combinations and frequently need to be re-established if any of these are changed. In no other sphere of clinical laboratory practice are RRs more affected by such a wide range of multiple demographic and pre-analytical variables. For most routine clinical laboratories therefore, the collection of multiple, separate RRs is not feasible so a representative group of healthy adults such as laboratory staff frequently constitute the reference population from which these limits are calculated. Early morning venous samples were collected into glass B-D Vacutainers (Ref: 367691) from 221 healthy laboratory personnel (F= 159; M = 62) aged 20–63 yrs for both gender. Age groups were equally represented. Samples were processed on a Sysmex CA-1500 analyser within 1 hour of collection. Appropriate NCCLS guidelines were followed throughout. Reagents employed were - Actin FSL (APTT); Innovin (PT); Dade-Behring reference, calibration and deficient plasmas (factor assays); Dade-Behring kit ref: OWWR15 (ATIII); Chromogenix kit ref: 82209863 (Protein C). Outliers were excluded, data examined for normal distribution from histograms and significance levels calculated from the Anderson - Darling test of normality. RRs for normally distributed parameters were calculated using means ± 2SDs. RRs for non-normally distributed parameters were calculated using the log natural transformation and the antilog of 2.5- and 97.5- percentiles. Italicised parameters shown below are non-normally distributed. Parameter Reference Range Anderson Darling P-Value P-value for normal distribution Mann Whitney U-test (M versus F) *=significant difference PT sec 10.0 – 11.8 <0.005 0.003* APTT sec 24.7 – 31.7 0.006 0.232 TCT sec 13.8 – 17.4 0.035 0.198 Fib g/L Clauss 1.6 – 4.2 0.190 t-test not significant Fib g/L Derived 2.1 – 4.9 0.200 t-test not significant II % 82 – 133 <0.005 0.019* V% 70 – 150 0.021 0.303 VII % 60 – 164 0.008 0.037* X% 75 – 147 0.539 t-test not significant VIII % 48 – 204 <0.005 0.520 IX % 65 – 142 <0.005 0.275 XI % 61 – 142 <0.005 0.394 XII % 59 – 133 0.088 t-test not significant Protein C % 75 – 160 0.036 0.024* ATIII % 86 – 128 0.329 t-test not significant Kruskal Wallis tests on our data indicate that all coagulation factors are positively associated with age except factors IX and XII. Significant differences (p=0.014) in factor VIIIc was found between those of blood group O and non group O. Significant correlation was found between declining APTTs and associated increasing factor VIIIc when measured in individual volunteers.
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Hu, Ming Zhe, Kai Jun Mu, Zhao Ding, and Gang Xiong. "Sintering Behavior and THz Absorption Properties of B2O3 Doped Ca[(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15]O3 Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.960.
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In the present paper, the sintering behavior and the THz absorption properties of B2O3doped Ca [(Li1/3Nb2/3)0.95Zr0.15]O3(CLNZ) ceramics are investigated. The results indicate that the sintering temperature of CLNZ ceramic can be significantly lowered by the doping of B2O3. The crystal structure evolution, phase assemblage as well as the microstructure properties are investigated by XRD and SEM respectively. The sintering mechanism is investigated based on microstructure analysis, where the liquid phase sintering is proposed to control the whole sintering process. The relative density of the B2O3doped CLNZ ceramics possess the optimum value when the B2O3doping content x is 1.5wt%. The THz absorption properties of B2O3doped CLNZ ceramics sintered at 1020°C are investigated and are related to the microstructure, phase assemblage and crystal structure factors.
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Kishchuk, Barbara E., Sylvie Quideau, Yonghe Wang, and Cindy Prescott. "Long-term soil response to variable-retention harvesting in the EMEND (Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance) experiment, northwestern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, no. 3 (August 2014): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-034.
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Kishchuk, B. E., Quideau, S., Wang, Y. and Prescott, C. 2014. Long-term soil response to variable-retention harvesting in the EMEND (Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance) experiment, northwestern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 263–279. We report on soil responses to variable-retention (VR) harvesting from a large-scale experiment (>1000 ha). Samples were taken prior to treatment, and 1 and 6 yr after treatment under cover types representing the successional trajectory for boreal mixedwood forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada. Variable-retention harvesting at six overstory-retention levels [100 (control), 75, 50, 20, 10, and 0% (clearcut)] were applied to 10-ha experimental units under four cover types: deciduous-dominated (80–95% trembling aspen); deciduous-dominated with coniferous understory (80–95% trembling aspen with white spruce understory at 60–80% of full stocking); mixed coniferous-deciduous (35–65% of each); and coniferous-dominated (80–95% white spruce). Only a few clear differences in soil properties attributable to VR harvesting were evident 6 yr post-harvest: (1) both extractable NH4-N in forest floor and 0–7 cm mineral-soil, and forest floor exchangeable K decreased with increasing canopy removal, and (2) forest floor exchangeable Ca increased with canopy removal. There was a decreasing trend in forest floor and mineral soil C (kg ha−1) in undisturbed stands between 1998 and 2005. Differences in soil properties among cover types included higher pH and N concentration in forest floors, and higher cation exchange capacity and exchangeable Ca and Mg in mineral soils in deciduous-dominated stands. Deciduous-dominated stands appear to have distinct soil properties that change under stand development.
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Menzel, C. M., and P. Broomhall. "Nutrient uptake in tropical turfgrasses growing in winter in southern Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 9 (2006): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04246.
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The effects of fertilisers on 8 tropical turfgrasses growing in 100-L bags of sand were studied over winter in Murrumba Downs, just north of Brisbane in southern Queensland (latitude 27.4°S, longitude 153.1°E). The species used were: Axonopus compressus (broad-leaf carpetgrass), Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass ‘Winter Green’) and C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis hybrid (‘Tifgreen’), Digitaria didactyla (Queensland blue couch), Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass ‘38824’), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss ‘Palmetto’), Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass ‘Centec’) and Zoysia japonica (zoysiagrass ‘ZT-11’). Control plots were fertilised with complete fertilisers every month from May to September (72 kg N/ha, 31 kg P/ha, 84 kg K/ha, 48 kg S/ha, 30 kg Ca/ha and 7.2 kg Mg/ha), and unfertilised plots received no fertiliser. Carpetgrass and standard bermudagrass were the most sensitive species to nutrient supply, with lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots (shoots mowed to thatch level) compared with the fertilised plots in June. There were lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in July for all species, except for buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass, and lower shoot dry weights in the unfertilised plots in August for all species, except for centipedegrass. At the end of the experiment in September, unfertilised plots were 11% of the shoot dry weights of fertilised plots, with all species affected. Mean shoot nitrogen concentrations fell from 3.2 to 1.7% in the unfertilised plots from May to August, below the sufficiency range for turfgrasses (2.8–3.5%). There were also declines in P (0.45–0.36%), K (2.4–1.5%), S (0.35–0.25%), Mg (0.24–0.18%) and B (9–6 mg/kg), which were all in the sufficiency range. The shoots in the control plots took up the following levels (kg/ha.month) of nutrients: N, 10.0–27.0; P, 1.6–4.0; K, 8.2–19.8; S, 1.0–4.2; Ca, 1.1–3.3; and Mg, 0.8–2.2, compared with applications (kg/ha.month) of: N, 72; P, 31; K, 84; S, 48; Ca, 30; and Mg, 7.2, indicating a recovery of 14–38% for N, 5–13% for P, 10–24% for K, 2–9% for S, 4–11% for Ca and 11–30% for Mg. These results suggest that buffalograss, centipedegrass and zoysiagrass are less sensitive to low nutrient supply than carpetgrass, bermudagrass, blue couch and bahiagrass. Data on nutrient uptake showed that the less sensitive species required only half or less of the nitrogen required to maintain the growth of the other grasses, indicating potential savings for turf managers in fertiliser costs and the environment in terms of nutrients entering waterways.
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Gao, W. Y., Z. Q. Hu, X. G. Sui, C. M. Li, N. L. Tang, and H. L. Cao. "Synthesis and Characterization of the Cathode Materials La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15Co1-yFeyO3-δ for ITSOFC." Advanced Materials Research 105-106 (April 2010): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.105-106.653.
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La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15Co1-yFeyO3-δ(LSCCF)powders with 0.2y0.5 for the applications as the cathode materials in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell(ITSOFC) were synthesized by glycine-nitrates-process(GNP) using metal-nitrates and glycine as the raw materials. The process, crystal structure and particles morphology of the powders calcined at 600°C,800°C,1000°C for 3h were characterized by IR,XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that co-doped Ca2+ and Sr2+ replacing some La3+ in A site and Fe3+ replacing some Co3+ in B site didn’t influence the formation of perovskite structure and the powders calcined at 800°C for 3h were high pure single perovskite state. The electrical conductivity of LSCCF samples sintered at 1200°C for 3h,was measured as a function of temperature from 100°C to 800°C by the four-probe DC method in air.As a result, the conducting mechanism of LSCCF is p-type small polaron hopping process, and the electrical conductivity are all higher than 100 S/cm. But the electrical conductivity of LSCCF samples increase with Fe3+ content decrease.
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Poplin, E., D. E. Levy, J. Berlin, M. L. Rothenberg, P. J. O’Dwyer, D. Cella, E. Mitchell, S. Alberts, and A. Benson. "Phase III trial of gemcitabine (30-minute infusion) versus gemcitabine (fixed-dose-rate infusion [FDR]) versus gemcitabine + oxaliplatin (GEMOX) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (E6201)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): LBA4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.lba4004.
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LBA4004 Background: Gemcitabine (GEM) is the cornerstone of treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer (PANCA). FDR GEM or GEMOX are promising, but have yet to convincingly demonstrate a survival advantage over GEM alone. E6201 compares overall survival (OS) of standard GEM 1000 mg/m2/30 min wkly ×7 over 56 days then wkly ×3 q28 d (ARM A) vs. FDR GEM 1500 mg/m2/150 min wkly ×3 q28 days (ARM B) or GEM 1000 mg/m2/100-min/d1 + oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2/d2 q14d (ARM C). Secondary endpoints are the comparison of the experimental regimens, toxicity, response, patterns of failure, progression-free survival and quality-of-life. Methods: This multi-institutional trial included patients (pts) with measurable and non-measurable advanced, unresectable PAN CA, normal organ function and PS 0–2. Pts were chemonaive, although prior adjuvant radiosensitizing 5FU was permitted. Pts were stratified by PS 0–1 vs 2 and locally advanced vs metastatic disease The study was designed to detect a 33% difference in median survival (hazard ratio 1.33) with 81% power while maintaining a significance level of 2.5% in a two-sided test for each of the two primary comparisons, assuming exponential failure and median survival of 6 mo for Arm A and 8 mo for Arm B and C (N = 750 eligible). Results: Accrual started in 3/03 and completed in 3/05. Median follow up is 5.8 mo. 833 pts (53% men; 88% PS 0–1; 88% metastatic), were randomized with 280, 277 and 276 pts in Arms A, B and C. The third interim analysis was conducted with 89.5% information on 3/2006. The predominant toxicity, available for 758 pts, was grade 3/4 myelosuppression and fatigue. Two deaths from ARDS and infection occurred. Median OS for ARMS A, B, and C are 4.96, 6.01 and 6.47 months, respectively. Hazard ratio A vs B is 1.21 with stratified log rank of 0.053 and for A vs C is 1.22 with stratified log rank of 0.045, neither statistically significant. Conclusion: E6201 final OS results will be available in June, 2006. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Gu, Yong Jun, Jin Liang Huang, Wei Hu, Qian Li, Li Hua Li, and Hui Xu. "Low Temperature Sintering of Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3-Li0.5Nd0.5TiO3 Ceramics with ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 Glass Addition." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.956.
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The sintering behaviors and microwave dielectric properties of the Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3-Li0.5Nd0.5TiO3 (abbreviated CLLNT) ceramics doped by small amounts of ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 glass were investigated in this paper. The adding of ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 glass improved the densifications of the CLLNT ceramics and the sintering temperature of the CLLNT ceramic had been efficiently lowered to 1050°C. Especially, the 8wt% ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 glass doped CLLNT ceramic sintered at 1050°C for 3 h has optimum microwave dielectric properties of Kr=89, Q×f=1445GHz, and TCF=11.4 ppm/°C and it should be a suitable candidate for LTCC applications.
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Zorza, Laura, Maris Bertins, Kristine Saleniece, Gunta Kizane, Andrejs Grinbergs, Ugis Eismonts, Ingars Reinholds, Arturs Viksna, and Olga Muter. "Caesium-133 Accumulation by Freshwater Macrophytes: Partitioning of Translocated Ions and Enzyme Activity in Plants and Microorganisms." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031132.
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The potential of aquatic plants to accumulate Cs may be of notable importance in the environmental monitoring of radioactive wastes. This study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of Cs-133 by freshwater macrophytes Bacopa amplexicaulis, Elodea densa, Ceratophyllum submersum, and Limnobium laevigantum after a 10-day incubation period with CsCl (1–1000 μM). The partitioning of Cs and other elements, including 21 metals, such as P, B, and As, was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis (PCA). The enzymatic activity of plant crude extracts and aquatic microorganisms was characterized. The transfer factor (TF) reached the highest values of 0.13 and 0.10 for C. submersum and L. laevigantum, respectively, at 1000 μM Cs. The TFs in the other sets were below 0.1. In the presence of Cs-133, there was a significant increase in dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) and a decrease in the activity of the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. A three-fold decrease in culturable microorganisms was found in plants with 1000 μM Cs. PCA analysis revealed the species-specific elemental distribution in plant biomass and the aquatic phase. A negative correlation between Na, Ca (2.0–2.5, PC1) and Mg, K, and P (−2, PC1) was found. Certain enzyme groups can serve as bioindicators of Cs pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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Gu, Yong Jun, Jin Liang Huang, Xiang Ju Han, Qian Li, Xiao Wang, and Hui Xu. "Effects of LiF on Sintering Temperature and Microwave Dielectric Properties of (Ca0.3La0.4/3)(Li0.25Nd0.25)TiO3 Ceramics Doped by ZnO-B2O3- SiO2 Glass." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.155.
Full textAbstract:
The sintering behaviors and microwave dielectric properties of the (Ca0.3La0.4/3)(Li0.25Nd0.25)TiO3 (abbreviated CLLNT) ceramics doped by small amounts of ZnOB2O3- SiO2 glass and LiF were investigated in this paper. The combination adding of ZnO-B2O3- SiO2 glass and LiF improved the densifications of the CLLNT ceramics and the sintering temperature of the CLLNT ceramics were efficiently lowered from 1400°C to 1000°C. Especially, the 4.0wt% ZnO-B2O3-SiO2 glass and 1.0wt% LiF doped CLLNT ceramic sintered at 1000°C for 3h has optimum microwave dielectric properties of Kr=97, Q×f=1286GHz, and TCF=43 ppm/°C, which enable it a suitable candidate for LTCC applications.
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Roberts, James E., and Michael A. Saluta. "Evaluation of Three Formulations of Guardian 7.5% Ear Tags for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.340a.
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Abstract Efficacy was evaluated Jun–Sep for face fly and horn fly control on beef cattle. Ectrin 8.0% ear tags and Permectrin 10.0% ear strips were evaluated for comparative efficacy. The following treatment groups were established on mixed-breed herds in Montgomery CO, VA: A) Guardian 7.5% ear tag (Formulation ‘A’), consisting of 20 cows, 20 calves, and one bull. Each animal received 2 ear tags, one in each ear, on 14 Jun. B) Guardian 7.5% ear tag (Formulation ‘B’), consisting of 40 heifers and 2 bulls. Each animal received 2 ear tags, one in each ear, on 15 Jun. C) Guardian 7.5% esir tag (Formulation ‘C’), consisting of 26 heifers and 10 steers. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear, on 15 Jun. The steers were later removed from pasture and only the heifers were used for evaluation. D) Ectrin 8.0% ear tag, consisting of 39 cows, 39 calves, and 1 bull. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear, on 14 Jun. E) Permectrin 10.0% ear strip, consisting of 21 cows, 21 calves, and 1 bull. Each animal received 2 ear strips, 1 in each ear, on 25 Jun. F) Untreated control, consisting of 21 cows and 16 calves. All test herds were maintained in separate pastures and all were situated within ca. 2 mi of each other. Weekly face fly and horn fly estimations were made by the same person on 10 adult animals per herd for 12 wk posttreatment. Numbers of face flies were estimated on the face and head and horn flies on one side of each animal. Pretreatment counts were made on all herds, except treatment E.
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Hutabarat, Geofanny S., Dzikri T. Qodir, Hendri Setiawan, Nur Akbar, and Atiek Rostika Noviyanti. "Sintesis Komposit Hidroksiapatit-Lantanum Oksida (HA-La2O3) dengan Metode Hidrotermal secara In-Situ dan Ex-Situ." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 15, no. 2 (September 27, 2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.15.2.32062.287-301.
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<p>Hidroksiapatit (HA) Ca<sub>10</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub> merupakan senyawa kalsium yang digunakan pada bidang ortopedi dan periodontal karena mineral ini merupakan penyusun utama dalam jaringan tulang dan gigi. Untuk dapat digunakan sebagai <em>graft</em> tulang dan tambal gigi, perlu dilakukan pengaturan kemurninan, kristalinitas dan ukurannya baik sebagai senyawa tunggal (HA) atau kompositnya. Pengaturan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui proses sintesisnya. Pada penelitian ini HA disintesis dari CaO yang diisolasi dari cangkang telur ayam dengan metode kalsinasi pada suhu 1000 °C selama 5 jam, kemudian ditambahkan diammonium hidrogenfosfat. Sintesis komposit HA-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> dilakukan dengan dua metode hidrotermal dengan dua cara berbeda, yaitu secara <em>in-situ</em> dan <em>ex-situ</em>. Pada sintesis HA dengan metode <em>in-situ</em> dilakukan pencampuran bahan dalam satu tahap yaitu CaO, diammonium hidrogenfosfat dan 5% b/b lantanum oksida dengan perbandingan mol Ca/P=1,67 secara hidrotermal pada 230 °C selama 48 jam. Sintesis HA dengan metode <em>ex-situ</em> dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu mencampur CaO dan diammonium hidrogenfosfat untuk membentuk HA. Setelah HA terbentuk kemudian dilakukan sintesis komposit dengan penambahan lantanum oksida. Komposisi bahan dan kondisi reaksi metode <em>ex-situ</em> dilakukan dengan cara yang sama seperti metode <em>in-situ</em>. Hasil XRD dan FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya komposit HA-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>dari kedua metode yang dilakukan. Namun kemurnian, kristalinitas dan ukuran komposit menunjukan hasil yang berbeda. Karakteristik komposit yang dihasilkan dari metode <em>in-situ</em> lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode <em>ex-situ</em>.</p>
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Marwaha, Raman K., Mahendra K. Garg, Gomathy Sethuraman, Nandita Gupta, Ambrish Mithal, Navin Dang, Mani Kalaivani, et al. "Impact of three different daily doses of vitamin D3supplementation in healthy schoolchildren and adolescents from North India: a single-blind prospective randomised clinical trial." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 5 (January 29, 2019): 538–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518003690.
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AbstractIn India, there is a lack of information about the adequate daily dose of vitamin D3supplementation in school children. Hence, we undertook this study to evaluate the adequacy and efficacy of different doses of vitamin D3in schoolchildren. A total of 1008 vitamin D-deficient (VDD) children, aged 6–16 years with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels <50nmol/l, were cluster randomised into three groups (A-344, B-341 and C-232) for supplementation (600, 1000 and 2000 IU daily) of vitamin D3under supervision for 6 months. Of the 1008 subjects who completed the study, 938 (93 %) were compliant. Baseline and post-supplementation fasting blood and urine samples were evaluated for Ca, phosphates, alkaline phosphatase, 25(OH)D and parathormone and urine Ca:creatinine ratio. The mean age of the subjects was 11·7 (sd2·4) years, and the overall mean baseline serum 25(OH)D level was 24·3 (SD9·5)nmol/l. Post-supplementation rise in serum 25(OH)D in compliant group was maximum with 2000 IU (70·0 (SD30·0)nmol/l), followed by 1000 IU (46·8 (SD22·5)nmol/l) and 600 IU (36·5 (SD18·5)nmol/l), and serum 25(OH)D levels of ≥50nmol/l were achieved in 71·5, 81·8 and 92·9 % by groups A, B and C, respectively. Secondary hyperparathyroidism decreased from 31·7 to 8·4 % post-supplementation. Two participants developed hypercalciuria, but none developed hypercalcaemia. Children with VDD benefit maximum with the daily supplementation of 2000 IU of vitamin D3. Whether recommendations of 400 IU/d by Indian Council of Medical Research or 600 IU by Indian Academy of Pediatrics or Institute of Medicine would suffice to achieve vitamin D sufficiency in children with VDD remains debatable.
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Kádár, Imre. "A kálium, bór és stroncium kezelés hatása a koronafürtre (Coronilla varia L.)." Agrokémia és Talajtan 64, no. 1 (June 2015): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2015.64.1.11.
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Az MTA TAKI Nagyhörcsöki Kísérleti Telepén (Mezőföld), mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajon vizsgáltuk a K, B és Sr elemek közötti kölcsönhatásokat 1998 és 2004 között. A K-szinteket megismételt 0, 1000 és 2000 kg K2O·ha−1, a B-szinteket megismételt 0, 20, 40, 60 kg B·ha−1 és a Sr-szinteket 67 kg Sr·ha−1 adaggal állítottuk be. Műtrágyaként 60%-os KCl-ot, 11%-os bóraxot és 33%-os SrCl2x6H2O sót alkalmaztunk. Főparcellánként 3K-kezelés, alparcellánként 4B-kezelés, al-alparcellánként 2Sr-kezelés szolgált (24 kezelés × 3 ismétlésben = 72 parcella), osztott parcellás elrendezésben. kísérlet beállításakor (1987 őszén) a szántott réteg 5% CaCO3-ot, 3% humuszt és 20% agyagot tartalmazott. A pH(H2O) 7,8 a pH(KCl) pedig 7,3 volt. Az AL-K2O 180–200, az AL-P2O5 100–120, a KCl-oldható Mg 110–150, a KCl+EDTA oldható Mn 60–80, a Cu és Zn 1–2 és a B 0,7 mg·kg−1 értékkel volt jellemezhető. A termőhely kielégítő K-, Ca-, B- és Mg-; közepes N- és P-; valamint gyenge Zn- és Cu-ellátottságú. A talajvíz szintje 13–15 m mélyen található, a terület aszályérzékeny. Az átlagos középhőmérséklet 11 °C, az éves csapadékösszeg 400 és 600 mm közötti egyenetlen eloszlással. A főbb megállapítások és levonható tanulságok az alábbiak: Ezen a káliummal és bórral eredetileg egyaránt kielégítően ellátott talajon, a kísérlet 13. évére, az AL-K2O tartalom a szántott rétegben az eredeti 180–200 mg·kg−1 értékről 140 mg·kg−1-ra csökkent. A K-hatások idővel kifejezettebbekké váltak, a koronafürt a négy év alatti hét kaszálással 572 kg K2O·ha−1 mennyiséggel szegényítette a talajt. A K-kontrollhoz képest a 2. kaszálás 2004-ben már 10 t·ha-1 zöld, illetve 1 t·ha-1 légszáraz szénatöbbletet adott, a zöldtermés szárazanyag tartalmát átlagosan 2%-kal mérsékelte. A B- és a Sr-kezelések a termés tömegét iga-zolhatóan nem befolyásolták. A négy év, illetve a hét kaszálás összesen 110–120 t·ha−1 friss, illetve 21–24 t·ha−1 légszáraz szénahozamot adott. A K-trágyázás gátolta a Ca, Mg, Na és Sr kationok beépülését a szénába a K-tartalom egyidejű növelése mellett. A B-trágyázás még 10–14 év után is megtöbb-szörözte a széna B-tartalmát. A kis terméstömegű, elöregedő szénában a B-akkumuláció elérte a 372 mg·kg−1 mennyiséget. A 9–12 évvel korábban adott 67 kg·ha−1 Sr-adag általában igazolhatóan mérsékelte az antagonista Na felvételét. A lucerna zöldbimbós állományára az irodalomban közölt és általunk is ellen-őrzött 2–5% N; 2–4% K; 1–3% Ca; 0,3–0,8% Mg; 0,3–0,7% P és S, illetve 30–200 mg·kg−1 Fe és Al; 30–100 mg Mn·kg−1, 35–80 mg B·kg−1, 20–70 mg Zn·kg−1, 5–15 mg Cu·kg−1 és 0,5–2,0 mg Mo·kg−1 optimumok megfelelőek lehetnek a koronafürt tápláltsági állapotának megítélésére is. Az 1 t szénatermés átlagos, fajlagos elemtartalma 34 kg N, 22 kg K (26 kg K2O), 20 kg Ca (28 kg CaO), 3,5 kg P (8 kg P2O5), 3,1 kg Mg (5 kg MgO), 2,7 kg S, 216 g Fe, 149 g Al, 66 g Mn, 70 g Sr, 16 g Na, 28 g B, 15 g Zn, 6–7 g Cu és 4–5 g Ba mennyiséget tett ki ezen a talajon. Adataink felhasználhatók a szaktanácsadásban, a tervezett termés elemigény számításakor, figyelembe véve, hogy a N-t alapvetően a légköri megkötés fedezheti, illetve a Zn és Cu fajlagosok mérsékeltek a termőhely gyenge Zn- és Cu-ellátottsága miatt. Ami a koronafürt széna takarmányértékét illeti megállapítottuk, hogy a stan-dard lucerna összetételhez viszonyítva a nyersfehérje 29, a nyersrost 26%-kal halad-ta meg a lucernáét, míg a nyershamu 11, a nyerszsír 27%-kal volt kevesebb. A ko-ronafürt és a lucerna aminosav tartalmát (17 aminosav) összevetve azt találtuk, hogy a koronafürt szénafehérje rendkívül szegény cisztin (CYS), illetve rendkívül gazdag prolamin (PRO) és asparagin (ASP) aminosavakban. A többi aminosav lényeges eltérést nem mutat (10–20%) a két hüvelyes takarmánynövényben. Összességében megállapítható, hogy a koronafürt versenyképes lehet a lucerná-val mind a szénahozamát, mind a takarmányértékét tekintve, különösen gyengébb talajokon.
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Ilham, Farah, Amsar Maulana, Bonatua Hasiholan, Ikhsan Ilham, and Fetri Yulia Negsih. "PENGARUH APLIKASI AMELIORAN DARI FORMULASI LIMBAH BATUBARA (FLY ASH DAN BOTTOM ASH) DAN SAMPAH PASAR DENGAN KAPUR TERHADAP pH, KTK DAN P TERSEDIA ULTISOL DAN GAMBUT." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.1.27.
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The formulation of coal waste (4 million t year-1) and market waste (175.000 t year-1) is a potential development of alternative ameliorant for marginal and swamplands. The purpose of this study was to examine ameliorant formulations from coal and market waste to improve pH, available P, and CEC of Ultisols and Peat. The step I of the study used a completely randomized design with 3 replications, namely A = coal waste (100 g); B = market waste (100 g); C = 1:1 (50 g : 50 g); D = 2:1 (66.7 g 33.3 g-1) and E = 1:2 (33.3 g 66.7g-1). The step II of the study used a completely randomized design with 3 replications in 3 formulations namely: A = best formulation (100 g); B = best formulation + 10% [Ca(OH)2] (10 g 100 g-1) and C = best formulation + 10% [CaMg(CO3)2] (10 g 100 g-1). The step III of the study used a completely randomized design with 3 replications namely: A = 0 t ha-1 (0 g 500 g-1 soil); B = 10 t ha-1 (2.5 g 500 g-1 soil); C = 20 t ha-1 (5.0 g 500 g-1 soil); D = 30 t ha-1 (7.5 g 500 g-1 soil); E = 40 t ha-1 (10.0 g 500 g-1 soil) and F = 50 t ha-1 (12.5 g 500 g-1 soil). The results of the study showed that application of ameliorant formulations from coal and market waste with 10% [CaMg(CO3)2] at 50 t ha-1 increased pH, available P and CEC of Ultisols and peat, respectively by 0.60 units, 2.11 ppm P and 10.83 cmolc kg-1 on Ultisols, and 0.33 units, 2.64 ppm P and 68.86 cmolc kg-1 in peat, compared to control.