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Journal articles on the topic 'C5F10O'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 June 2024

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1

Hao, Mai, Boya Zhang, Xingwen Li, and Jiayu Xiong. "Electron swarm parameters and dielectric strength of C5F10O and its mixtures with CO2 and dry air." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 12 (December 24, 2021): 125205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac41cb.

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Abstract Perfluoroketone C5F10O is considered as a potential SF6 alternative. The global warming potential of C5F10O is extremely low and even close to that of air. We investigated the electrical insulation properties of the C5F10O by pulsed Townsend experiment. The rate coefficients of ionization, attachment, and effective ionization, as well as the electron drift velocity and the longitudinal electron diffusion coefficient in pure C5F10O were obtained. We conclude that the density-reduced critical electric field of pure C5F10O is (768 ± 5)Td and ion kinetics are not exist or negligible in C5F10O. Furthermore, the swarm parameters of C5F10O/CO2 and C5F10O/Air mixtures with C5F10O percentage up to 30% were measured in a wide E/N-range. C5F10O has good synergism with both CO2 and dry air and air behaves better. The synergistic effect coefficients were also calculated. To have the same (E/N)crit as pure SF6, the mixing ratio of C5F10O should be 30% in the mixture with CO2 and 26% in the mixture with dry air. The obtained electron swarm parameters in this paper provide a supplement for the fundamental data set of these novel gases, and also lay the foundation for fluid model simulations of gas discharge.
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2

Li, Yalong, Xiaoxing Zhang, Yalong Xia, Yi Li, Zhuo Wei, Yi Wang, and Song Xiao. "Study on the Compatibility of Eco-Friendly Insulating Gas C5F10O/N2 and C5F10O/Air with Copper Materials in Gas-Insulated Switchgears." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010197.

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Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is widely used in the power industry because of its excellent insulation and arc extinguishing performance. However, the high greenhouse effect of this material is being restricted by many countries around the world, thereby discouraging its usage. As a potential alternative to SF6, the compatibility of C5F10O with conductive copper materials used in electrical equipment is of great significance in ensuring the safe and stable operation of environmentally friendly gas-insulated equipment. In this paper, the interaction among C5F10O/N2, C5F10O/air gas mixture, and copper was studied via experiments and simulations. When the C5F10O/N2 (or air) gas mixture comes in contact with copper at the gas–solid interface, a small portion of C5F10O is decomposed to form C3F6 (or C3F6 and C3F6O) at high temperatures. Meanwhile, at low temperatures (120 °C), the C5F10O/air gas mixture becomes more compatible with copper than with the C5F10O/N2 gas mixture. When the experiment temperatures range between 170 °C and 220 °C, the compatibility of the C5F10O/air gas mixture with copper is significantly inferior to its compatibility with copper. Under high temperatures, the C5F10O/air gas mixture shows severe corrosion on the copper surface due to the presence of O2, forms a thick cubic grain, and emits irritating gases. The simulations show that the carbonyl group in C5F10O is chemically active and can be easily adsorbed on the copper surface. An anti-corrosion treatment must be performed on copper materials in manufacturing equipment. The findings provide an important reference for the application of C5F10O gas mixture.
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3

Nechmi, Houssem Eddine, Michail Michelarakis, Abderrahmane (Manu) Haddad, and Gordon Wilson. "Clarifications on the Behavior of Alternative Gases to SF6 in Divergent Electric Field Distributions under AC Voltage." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041065.

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Negative and positive partial discharge inception voltages and breakdown measurements are reported in a needle-plane electrode system as a function of pressure under AC voltage for natural gases (N2, CO2, and O2/CO2), pure NovecTM gases (C4F7N and C5F10O) and NovecTM in different natural gas admixtures. For compressed 4% C4F7N–96% CO2 and 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 gas mixtures, the positive-streamer mode is identified as the breakdown mechanism. Breakdown and negative partial discharge inception voltages of 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 are higher than those of 4% C4F7N–96% CO2. At 8.8 bar abs, the breakdown voltage of 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2 is equal to that of 12.77% O2–87.23% CO2 (buffer gas). Synergism in negative partial discharge inception voltage/electric field fits with the mean value and the sum of each partial pressure individually component for a 20% C4F7N–80% CO2 and 6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2, respectively. In 9% C4F7N–91% CO2, the comparison of partial discharge inception electric fields is Emax (CO2) = Emax(C4F7N), and Emax (12.77% O2–87.23% CO2) = Emax(C5F10O) in 19% C5F10O–81%(12.77% O2–87.23% CO2). Polarity reversal occurs under AC voltage when the breakdown polarity changes from negative to positive cycle. Polarity reversal electric field EPR was quantified. Fitting results show that EPR (CO2) = EPR(9% C4F7N–91% CO2) and EPR(SF6) = EPR (22% C4F7N–78% CO2). EPR (4% C4F7N–96% CO2) = EPR (12.77% O2–87.23% CO2) and EPR (6% C5F10O–12% O2–82% CO2) < EPR (4% C4F7N–96% CO2) < EPR (CO2).
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4

She, Congdong, Fuping Zeng, Liangjun Dai, Long Li, Qiang Yao, and Ju Tang. "Degradation Behaviors and Mechanism of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Caused by Insulating Medium C5F10O." Polymers 15, no. 10 (May 12, 2023): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102282.

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C5F10O is a promising insulating medium in the manufacturing of environmentally friendly gas-insulated switchgears (GISs). The fact that it is not known whether it is compatible with sealing materials used in GISs limits its application. In this paper, the deterioration behaviors and mechanism of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) after prolonged exposure to C5F10O are studied. The influence of C5F10O/N2 mixture on the deterioration process of NBR is analyzed through a thermal accelerated ageing experiment. The interaction mechanism between C5F10O and NBR is considered based on microscopic detection and density functional theory. Subsequently, the effect of this interaction on the elasticity of NBR is calculated through molecular dynamics simulations. According to the results, the polymer chain of NBR can slowly react with C5F10O, leading to deterioration of its surface elasticity and loss of inside additives, mainly ZnO and CaCO3. This consequently reduces the compression modulus of NBR. The interaction is related to CF3 radicals formed by the primary decomposition of C5F10O. The molecular structure of NBR will be changed in the molecular dynamics simulations due to the addition reaction with CF3 on NBR’s backbone or branched chains, resulting in changes in Lame constants and a decrease in elastic parameters.
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5

Zhang, Yue, Xiaoxing Zhang, Yi Li, Yalong Li, Qi Chen, Guozhi Zhang, Song Xiao, and Ju Tang. "AC Breakdown and Decomposition Characteristics of Environmental Friendly Gas C5F10O/Air and C5F10O/N2." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 73954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2915372.

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6

Chachereau, A., A. Hösl, and C. M. Franck. "Electrical insulation properties of the perfluoroketone C5F10O." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 51, no. 33 (July 26, 2018): 335204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aad174.

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7

Chen, Li, Boya Zhang, and Xingwen Li. "Decomposition pathway and kinetic analysis of perfluoroketone C5F10O." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, no. 41 (July 21, 2020): 415502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab98c6.

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8

Zhang, Xiaoxing, Yi Li, Song Xiao, Ju Tang, Shuangshuang Tian, and Zaitao Deng. "Decomposition Mechanism of C5F10O: An Environmentally Friendly Insulation Medium." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 17 (August 9, 2017): 10127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02419.

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9

Stoller, P. C., C. B. Doiron, D. Tehlar, P. Simka, and N. Ranjan. "Mixtures of CO2 and C5F10O perfluoroketone for high voltage applications." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 24, no. 5 (October 2017): 2712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2017.006383.

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10

She, Congdong, Ju Tang, Rijian Cai, Haotian Li, Long Li, Qiang Yao, Fuping Zeng, and Chen Li. "Compatibility of C5F10O with common-used sealing materials: An experimental study." AIP Advances 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 065220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0053780.

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11

Deng, Yunkun, Li Chen, Yi Ma, Dada Wang, Su Zhao, and Dengming Xiao. "Calculation and analysis of the thermophysical properties of C5F10O-N2 mixtures." AIP Advances 9, no. 10 (October 2019): 105019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5037827.

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12

Zeng, Fuping, Zhaofeng Wan, Zhicheng Lei, Ju Tang, Liangjun Dai, Xiaohua Wang, and Qiang Yao. "Over Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of C5F10O: An Environmental Friendly Insulation Medium." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 62080–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2915382.

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13

Nagai, Mikio, Takayuki Hayashi, Masaru Hori, and Hidekazu Okamoto. "Low-kSiOCH Film Etching Process and Its Diagnostics Employing Ar/C5F10O/N2Plasma." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 45, no. 9A (September 7, 2006): 7100–7104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.45.7100.

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14

Fu, Yuwei, Mingzhe Rong, Xiaohua Wang, and Aijun Yang. "Rate constants of C5F10O decomposition reactions at temperatures of 300–3500 K." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 52, no. 3 (November 8, 2018): 035202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aae8d5.

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15

Li, Xingwen, Xiaoxue Guo, Anthony B. Murphy, Hu Zhao, Jian Wu, and Ze Guo. "Calculation of thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients of C5F10O-CO2 thermal plasmas." Journal of Applied Physics 122, no. 14 (October 14, 2017): 143302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5006635.

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16

Miyawaki, Yudai, Emi Shibata, Yusuke Kondo, Keigo Takeda, Hiroki Kondo, Kenji Ishikawa, Hidekazu Okamoto, Makoto Sekine, and Masaru Hori. "Etching Enhancement Followed by Nitridation on Low-kSiOCH Film in Ar/C5F10O Plasma." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 52, no. 2R (February 1, 2013): 020204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.52.020204.

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17

Xiao, Song, Yi Li, Xiaoxing Zhang, Shuangshuang Tian, Zaitao Deng, and Ju Tang. "Effects of micro-water on decomposition of the environment-friendly insulating medium C5F10O." AIP Advances 7, no. 6 (June 2017): 065017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4990512.

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18

Fu, Yuwei, Chi Chen, Chuang Wang, Lei Yang, and Zaiqin Zhang. "The variation of C4F7N, C5F10O, and their decomposition components in breakdown under different pressures." AIP Advances 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 065010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0055221.

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19

Wang, Yi, Dalin Ding, Yin Zhang, Zian Yuan, Shuangshuang Tian, and Xiaoxing Zhang. "Research on infrared spectrum characteristics and detection technology of environmental-friendly insulating medium C5F10O." Vibrational Spectroscopy 118 (January 2022): 103336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2022.103336.

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20

Guo, Z., F. Tang, Q. Lv, X. Li, B. Zhang, S. Jia, and R. Huang. "Experimental Investigation on the Arc Characteristics and Arc Quenching Capabilities of C5F10O-CO2 Mixtures." Plasma Physics and Technology Journal 6, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2019.3.231.

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C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub> mixtures are possible alternatives to SF<sub>6</sub> - which has a high global warming potential - as the interruption medium in gas circuit breakers. This paper experimentally studies the arcing characteristics of C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub> mixture, with an experimental model with viewing windows, and measures the arc voltage, current and emission spectrum. The arc evolution process is captured with a high speed camera through an inspection window. The two-dimensional distribution of arc is obtained and analyzed by the inverse transformation of Abel. The results show that, the C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O-CO<sub>2</sub> mixture arc is more volatile than SF<sub>6</sub> gas, and adding C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>10</sub>O into CO<sub>2</sub> improves the stability of the arc, and significantly reduces the arc temperature.
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21

Fu, Yuwei, Lei Yang, Xingdi Li, and Mengsha He. "Theoretical study of the decomposition mechanism of C5F10O in the presence of Cu vapor." AIP Advances 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 115010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0029664.

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22

Wang, Xiaonan, Jing Ma, Dingxin Liu, Qing Ma, Huan Yuan, Aijun Yang, Mingzhe Rong, and Xiaohua Wang. "Detection and analysis of spark discharge products of C5F10O by electron attachment mass spectrometry." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 54, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 045201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/abbf1c.

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23

Xia, Yalong, Haoran Xia, Song Xiao, Yi Li, Ju Tang, Jia Zhang, Pu Han, and Yifan Wang. "Partial discharge and decomposition characteristics of environmental insulating gas C5F10O under different background gases." Energy Reports 9 (September 2023): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.04.181.

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24

Ranjan, N., J. Carstensen, and S. Scheel. "Interruption of Weakly Cooled Arcs in Air and Airplus." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 2 (2017): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2017.2.194.

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Switching of low current arcs in free burning or weakly cooled conditions is mainly determined by the thermal properties of the gas. Products with such switching conditions are widely found in secondary distribution medium voltage (MV) gas insulated switchgears (GIS). In this study, we compare the current interruption capability of synthetic air and AirPlusTM, i.e. a mixture of synthetic air with C5F10O fluoroketone (C5-FK). We focus on thermal interruption performance of the gases. AirPlus mixture corresponds to -25 °C condensation temperature of C5-FK. An arc is drawn between the contacts and cooled by blowing cold gas from a tank. Blowing pressure required for current interruption is compared. Within the measurement accuracy, the current interruption performance of both gases is similar. Chemical analysis of the AirPlus mixture after 69 shots was performed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) and it shows very little decrease in the concentration of C5-FK.
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25

Kondo, Yusuke, Kenji Ishikawa, Toshio Hayashi, Yudai Miyawaki, Keigo Takeda, Hiroki Kondo, Makoto Sekine, and Masaru Hori. "CF3+fragmentation by electron impact ionization of perfluoro-propyl-vinyl-ethers, C5F10O, in gas phase." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 54, no. 4 (March 4, 2015): 040301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.54.040301.

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26

Zeng, Fuping, Xiaoxuan Feng, Zhicheng Lei, Yalong Xia, Siying Wu, Shiling Zhang, Qiang Yao, and Ju Tang. "Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of Environmental-Friendly Insulating Gas C5F10O on Cu (1 1 1) Surface." Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 41, no. 5 (June 2, 2021): 1455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-021-10184-5.

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27

Fu, Yuwei, Xiaohua Wang, Aijun Yang, and Mingzhe Rong. "The varying characteristics of C5F10O decomposition components at 300 K - 3500 K with a chemical kinetic model." AIP Advances 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 015318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5086072.

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28

Li, Yalong, Yue Zhang, Yi Li, Feng Tang, Qishen Lv, Ji Zhang, Song Xiao, Ju Tang, and Xiaoxing Zhang. "Experimental Study on Compatibility of Eco-Friendly Insulating Medium C5F10O/CO2 Gas Mixture With Copper and Aluminum." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 83994–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2923015.

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29

Tian, Shuangshuang, Weihao Liu, Benli Liu, Fanchao Ye, Zhenjie Xu, Qianqian Wan, Yi Li, and Xiaoxing Zhang. "Mechanistic study of C5F10O-induced lung toxicity in rats: An eco-friendly insulating gas alternative to SF6." Science of The Total Environment 916 (March 2024): 170271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170271.

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30

Espinazo, Ane, José Ignacio Lombraña, Estibaliz Asua, Beñat Pereda-Ayo, María Luz Alonso, Rosa María Alonso, Leire Cayero, Jesús Izcara, and Josu Izagirre. "Diffusional Behavior of New Insulating Gas Mixtures as Alternatives to the SF6-Use in Medium Voltage Switchgear." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031436.

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Regarding the use of SF6 in medium voltage switchgear (MVS), a review of alternatives was encouraged by the European Parliament in Regulation No 517/2014. This is aimed at a new regulatory change, that is expected soon, which will include its prohibition, similar to what has happened with other fluorinated greenhouse gases in other fields, like refrigeration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the physical and chemical properties of alternative gas mixtures to determine if they are suitable to replace SF6. In this context, this work addresses the difusional analysis of new gases. Binary and ternary mixtures made of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (C3F4H2) and heptafluoroisopropyl trifluoromethyl ketone (C5F10O), using dry air as a carrier gas, were studied. The mixtures were analyzed using original equipment, composed of UV-Vis spectroscopy technology in a sealed gas chamber, which is similar to MVS. Consequently, an experimental equipment that monitors the concentration of a gas mixture online and a model that predicts the mixing process were designed and tested. The concentration profiles were obtained concerning both the time and position in the gas chamber, and the diffusional and convectional parameters were numerically calculated and optimized in an algorithm created in Scilab.
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31

Ding, Can, Xing Hu, and Lu Feng. "Study on the Adsorption Characteristics of Mo-Doped Graphene on the Decomposition Products of SF6 Substitute Gas Based on First-Principle Calculations." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2022 (March 27, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7740210.

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C4F7N, C5F10O, etc., as new environmental-friendly alternative gases decompose under partial discharge and produce a series of products such as CO, CF4, C2F6, C3F8, CF3CN, C2F5CN, and COF2. Based on the first-principles calculation method of density functional theory (DFT), the adsorption characteristics of intrinsic state graphene and Mo-doped graphene adsorbing SF6 and its substitute gas decomposition products are calculated and analyzed. By comparing the adsorption energy, adsorption distance, density of state, Mulliken charge population, charge transfer amount, and molecular orbital energy for adsorbing different decomposition gases, it can be seen that the system structure is the most stable when Mo is doped at the T site of the graphene surface. The adsorption of Mo-doped graphene on gas molecules is significantly stronger than that of intrinsic graphene, and the order of adsorption is: SO2F2 > H2S > SO2 > CF4. The adsorption of H2S gas molecules by intrinsic state and Mo-doped graphene is n-type adsorption, while the adsorption of SO2F2, CF4, and SO2 gas molecules is p-type adsorption. Mo-doped graphene can be used as a detection device for SO2F2 gas resistance sensors.
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32

Zhang, Yue, Xiaoxing Zhang, Yi Li, Yalong Li, Qi Chen, Guozhi Zhang, Song Xiao, and Ju Tang. "Effect of oxygen on power frequency breakdown voltage and decomposition characteristics of the C5F10O/N2/O2 gas mixture." RSC Advances 9, no. 33 (2019): 18963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03275d.

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C5F10O gas mixture is a SF6 potential substitute with high insulation strength and is a new type of environmentally friendly insulating gas. By adding oxygen to C5F10O gas mixture, insulation strength can be improved and carbon deposition can be suppressed.
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33

Zhong, Lipeng, Yongchao Deng, Jie Liu, Feng Wang, She Chen, Qiuqin Sun, XiaoLi Duan, and Haibo Huang. "Theoretical study by density functional theory calculations of decomposition processes and primary products of C5F10O with moisture content." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, no. 48 (September 11, 2020): 485204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/abaf24.

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34

Wang, Yong, Danqing Huang, Jing Liu, Yaru Zhang, and Lian Zeng. "Alternative Environmentally Friendly Insulating Gases for SF6." Processes 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7040216.

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Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) shows excellent insulation performance as an insulating gas. It is suitable for various climate conditions due to its low boiling point (−64 °C). Therefore, it has been widely used in power grid equipment. However, its global warming potential (GWP) is 23,500 times higher than that of CO2. Thus, it is imperative to find an environmentally friendly insulating gas with excellent insulation performance, lower GWP, and which is harmless to equipment and workers to replace SF6. In this review, four possible alternatives, including perfluorocarbons, trifluoroiodomethane, perfluorinated ketones, and fluoronitrile are reviewed in terms of basic physicochemical properties, insulation properties, decomposition properties, and compatibility with metals. The influences of trace H2O or O2 on their insulation performances are also discussed. The insulation strengths of these insulating gases were comparable to or higher than that of SF6. The GWPs of these insulating gases were lower than that of SF6. Due to their relatively high boiling point, they should be used as a mixture with buffering gases with low boiling points. Based on these four characteristics, perfluorinated ketones (C5F10O and C6F12O) and fluoronitrile (C4F7N) could partially substitute SF6 in some electrical equipment. Finally, some future needs and perspectives of environmentally friendly insulating gases are addressed for further studies.
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35

Xia, Yalong, Fan Liu, Shuping Cao, Xi Wang, Shijun Xie, and Chenmeng Zhang. "Interactions of C5F10O Molecule With Cu (1 1 0) and (1 0 0) Surfaces Based on Density Functional Theory." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 151012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3017290.

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36

Xiao, Song, Yi Li, Xiaoxing Zhang, Shuangshuang Tian, Zaitao Deng, and Ju Tang. "Erratum: “Effects of micro-water on decomposition of the environment-friendly insulating medium C5F10O” [AIP Advances 7, 065017 (2017)]." AIP Advances 7, no. 7 (July 2017): 079901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4994709.

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37

Xiong, Jiayu, Xingwen Li, Jian Wu, Xiaoxue Guo, and Hu Zhao. "Calculations of total electron-impact ionization cross sections for Fluoroketone C5F10O and Fluoronitrile C4F7N using modified Deutsch–Märk formula." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, no. 44 (October 12, 2017): 445206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa881d.

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38

Zhang, Boya, Ziyue Zhang, Jiayu Xiong, Tao Yang, Xingwen Li, Li Chen, Chenwei Li, and Yunkun Deng. "Thermal and electrical decomposition products of C5F10O and their compatibility with Cu (1 1 1) and Al (1 1 1) surfaces." Applied Surface Science 513 (May 2020): 145882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145882.

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39

Fu, Yuwei, Xingdi Li, and Wenjun Wu. "A local over-thermal fault evaluation method for C5F10O insulated power equipment based on DWT and BP neural network optimized by GA." AIP Advances 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 085101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0060162.

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40

Zhang, Haijun, Xuefang Meng, Qi Yang, and Xiaomeng Zhou. "Toward Better Halon Substitutes: Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Pyrolysis Mechanism and Fire-Suppressing Performance of C5F10O (Perfluoro-3-methyl-2-butanone)." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, no. 3 (January 13, 2021): 1272–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07678.

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41

Zhong, Linlin, Mingzhe Rong, Xiaohua Wang, Junhui Wu, Guiquan Han, Guohui Han, Yanhui Lu, Aijun Yang, and Yi Wu. "Compositions, thermodynamic properties, and transport coefficients of high-temperature C5F10O mixed with CO2 and O2 as substitutes for SF6 to reduce global warming potential." AIP Advances 7, no. 7 (July 2017): 075003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4993305.

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42

Ivy, D. J., T. Arnold, C. M. Harth, L. P. Steele, J. Mühle, M. Rigby, P. K. Salameh, et al. "Atmospheric histories and growth trends of C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>10</sub>, C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>12</sub>, C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>14</sub>, C<sub>7</sub>F<sub>16</sub> and C<sub>8</sub>F<sub>18</sub>." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2012): 4165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4165-2012.

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Abstract. The first atmospheric observations and trends are presented for the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs): decafluorobutane (C4F10), dodecafluoropentane (C5F12), tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14), hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16) and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18). Their atmospheric histories are based on measurements of 38 Northern Hemisphere and 46 Southern Hemisphere archived air samples collected between 1973 to 2011 using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) "Medusa" preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. A new calibration scale was prepared for each PFC, with estimated accuracies of 6.8% for C4F10, 7.8% for C5F12, 4.0% for C6F14, 6.6% for C7F16 and 7.9% for C8F18. Based on our observations the 2011 globally averaged dry air mole fractions of these heavy PFCs are: 0.18 parts-per-trillion (ppt, i.e., parts per 1012) for C4F10, 0.12 ppt for C5F12, 0.28 ppt for C6F14, 0.12 ppt for C7F16 and 0.09 ppt for C8F18. These atmospheric mole fractions combine to contribute to a global average radiative forcing of 0.35 mW m−2, which is 3.6% of the total PFC radiative forcing. The globally averaged mean atmospheric growth rates of these PFCs during 1973–2011 are 4.58 parts per quadrillion (ppq, i.e., parts per 1015) per year (yr) for C4F10, 3.29 ppq yr−1 for C5F12, 7.50 ppq yr−1 for C6F14, 3.19 ppq yr−1 for C7F16 and 2.51 ppq yr−1 for C8F18. The growth rates of the heavy perfluorocarbons were largest in the early 1990s for C4F10 and C5F12 and in the mid-to-late 1990s for C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18. The more recent slow down in the growth rates of the high molecular weight PFCs suggests that emissions are declining as compared to the 1980s and 1990s. Nevertheless continued monitoring of these potent, extremely long-lived greenhouse gases is necessary to verify that global PFC emissions continue to decline.
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43

Ivy, D. J., T. Arnold, C. M. Harth, L. P. Steele, J. Mühle, M. Rigby, P. K. Salameh, et al. "Atmospheric histories and growth trends of C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>10</sub>, C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>12</sub>, C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>14</sub>, C<sub>7</sub>F<sub>16</sub> and C<sub>8</sub>F<sub>18</sub>." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 9 (May 15, 2012): 4313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4313-2012.

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Abstract. Atmospheric observations and trends are presented for the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs): decafluorobutane (C4F10), dodecafluoropentane (C5F12), tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14), hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16) and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18). Their atmospheric histories are based on measurements of 36 Northern Hemisphere and 46 Southern Hemisphere archived air samples collected between 1973 to 2011 using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) "Medusa" preconcentration gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems. A new calibration scale was prepared for each PFC, with estimated accuracies of 6.8% for C4F10, 7.8% for C5F12, 4.0% for C6F14, 6.6% for C7F16 and 7.9% for C8F18. Based on our observations the 2011 globally averaged dry air mole fractions of these heavy PFCs are: 0.17 parts-per-trillion (ppt, i.e., parts per 1012) for C4F10, 0.12 ppt for C5F12, 0.27 ppt for C6F14, 0.12 ppt for C7F16 and 0.09 ppt for C8F18. These atmospheric mole fractions combine to contribute to a global average radiative forcing of 0.35 mW m−2, which is 6% of the total anthropogenic PFC radiative forcing (Montzka and Reimann, 2011; Oram et al., 2012). The growth rates of the heavy perfluorocarbons were largest in the late 1990s peaking at 6.2 parts per quadrillion (ppq, i.e., parts per 1015) per year (yr) for C4F10, at 5.0 ppq yr−1 for C5F12 and 16.6 ppq yr−1 for C6F14 and in the early 1990s for C7F16 at 4.7 ppq yr−1 and in the mid 1990s for C8F18 at 4.8 ppq yr−1. The 2011 globally averaged mean atmospheric growth rates of these PFCs are subsequently lower at 2.2 ppq yr−1 for C4F10, 1.4 ppq yr−1 for C5F12, 5.0 ppq yr−1 for C6F14, 3.4 ppq yr−1 for C7F16 and 0.9 ppq yr−1 for C8F18. The more recent slowdown in the growth rates suggests that emissions are declining as compared to the 1980s and 1990s.
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44

Ivy, D. J., M. Rigby, M. Baasandorj, J. B. Burkholder, and R. G. Prinn. "Global emission estimates and radiative impact of C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>10</sub>, C<sub>5</sub>F<sub>12</sub>, C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>14</sub>, C<sub>7</sub>F<sub>16</sub> and C<sub>8</sub>F<sub>18</sub>." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 5 (May 24, 2012): 12987–3014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-12987-2012.

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Abstract. Global emission estimates based on new atmospheric observations are presented for the acylic high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs): decafluorobutane (C4F10), dodecafluoropentane (C5F12), tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14), hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16) and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18). Emissions are estimated using a 3-dimensional chemical transport model and an inverse method that includes a growth constraint on emissions. The observations used in the inversion are based on newly measured archived air samples that cover a 39-yr period, from 1973 to 2011, and include 36 Northern Hemispheric and 46 Southern Hemispheric samples (Ivy et al., 2012). The derived emission estimates show that global emission rates were largest in the 1980s and 1990s for C4F10 and C5F12, and in the 1990s for C6F14,C7F16 and C8F18. After a subsequent decline, emissions have remained relatively stable, within 20%, for the last 5 yr. Bottom-up emission estimates are available from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 4.2 (EDGARv4.2) for C4F10, C5F12, C6F14 and C7F16, and inventories of C4F10, C5F12 andC6F14 are reported to the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by Annex 1 countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol. The atmospheric measurement based emission estimates are 20 times larger than EDGARv4.2 for C4F10 and over three orders of magnitude for C5F12. The derived emission estimates for C6F14 largely agree with the bottom-up estimates from EDGARv4.2. Moreover, the C7F16 emission estimates are comparable to those of EDGARv4.2 at their peak in the 1990s, albeit significant underestimation for the other time periods. There are no bottom-up emission estimates for C8F18, thus the emission rates reported here are the first for C8F18. The reported inventories for C4F10, C5F12 and C6F14 to UNFCCC are five to ten times lower than those estimated in this study. In addition, we present measured infrared absorption spectra for C7F16 and C8F18, and estimate their radiative efficiencies and global warming potentials (GWPs). We find that C8F18's radiative efficiency is similar to trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride's (SF5CF3) at 0.57 W m−2 ppb−1, which is the highest radiative efficiency of any measured atmospheric species. Using the 100-yr time horizon GWPs, the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons studied here contributed up to 15.4% of the total PFC emissions in CO2 equivalents in 1997 and 6% of the total PFC emissions in 2009.
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45

Ivy, D. J., M. Rigby, M. Baasandorj, J. B. Burkholder, and R. G. Prinn. "Global emission estimates and radiative impact of C4F10, C5F12, C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 16 (August 22, 2012): 7635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-7635-2012.

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Abstract. Global emission estimates based on new atmospheric observations are presented for the acylic high molecular weight perfluorocarbons (PFCs): decafluorobutane (C4F10), dodecafluoropentane (C5F12), tetradecafluorohexane (C6F14), hexadecafluoroheptane (C7F16) and octadecafluorooctane (C8F18). Emissions are estimated using a 3-dimensional chemical transport model and an inverse method that includes a growth constraint on emissions. The observations used in the inversion are based on newly measured archived air samples that cover a 39-yr period, from 1973 to 2011, and include 36 Northern Hemispheric and 46 Southern Hemispheric samples. The derived emission estimates show that global emission rates were largest in the 1980s and 1990s for C4F10 and C5F12, and in the 1990s for C6F14, C7F16 and C8F18. After a subsequent decline, emissions have remained relatively stable, within 20%, for the last 5 yr. Bottom-up emission estimates are available from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 4.2 (EDGARv4.2) for C4F10, C5F12, C6F14 and C7F16, and inventories of C4F10, C5F12 and C6F14 are reported to the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by Annex 1 countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol. The atmospheric measurement-based emission estimates are 20 times larger than EDGARv4.2 for C4F10 and over three orders of magnitude larger for C5F12 (with 2008 EDGARv4.2 estimates for C5F12 at 9.6 kg yr−1, as compared to 67±53 t yr−1 as derived in this study). The derived emission estimates for C6F14 largely agree with the bottom-up estimates from EDGARv4.2. Moreover, the C7F16 emission estimates are comparable to those of EDGARv4.2 at their peak in the 1990s, albeit significant underestimation for the other time periods. There are no bottom-up emission estimates for C8F18, thus the emission rates reported here are the first for C8F18. The reported inventories for C4F10, C5F12 and C6F14 to UNFCCC are five to ten times lower than those estimated in this study. In addition, we present measured infrared absorption spectra for C7F16 and C8F18, and estimate their radiative efficiencies and global warming potentials (GWPs). We find that C8F18's radiative efficiency is similar to trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride's (SF5F3) at 0.57 W m−2 ppb−1, which is the highest radiative efficiency of any measured atmospheric species. Using the 100-yr time horizon GWPs, the total radiative impact of the high molecular weight perfluorocarbons emissions are also estimated; we find the high molecular weight PFCs peak contribution was in 1997 at 24 000 Gg of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents and has decreased by a factor of three to 7300 Gg of CO2 equivalents in 2010. This 2010 cumulative emission rate for the high molecular weight PFCs is comparable to: 0.02% of the total CO2 emissions, 0.81% of the total hydrofluorocarbon emissions, or 1.07% of the total chlorofluorocarbon emissions projected for 2010 (Velders et al., 2009). In terms of the total PFC emission budget, including the lower molecular weight PFCs, the high molecular weight PFCs peak contribution was also in 1997 at 15.4% and was 6% of the total PFC emissions in CO2 equivalents in 2009.
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46

Laube, J. C., C. Hogan, M. J. Newland, F. S. Mani, P. J. Fraser, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, P. Martinerie, et al. "Distributions, long term trends and emissions of four perfluorocarbons in remote parts of the atmosphere and firn air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2012): 4073–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-4073-2012.

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Abstract. We report the first data set of atmospheric abundances for the following four perfluoroalkanes: n-decafluorobutane (n-C4F10), n-dodecafluoropentane (n-C5F12), n-tetradecafluorohexane (n-C6F14) and n-hexadecafluoroheptane (n-C7F16). All four compounds could be detected and quantified in air samples from remote locations in the Southern Hemisphere (at Cape Grim, Tasmania, archived samples dating back to 1978) and the upper troposphere (a passenger aircraft flying from Germany to South Africa). Further observations originate from air samples extracted from deep firn in Greenland and allow trends of atmospheric abundances in the earlier 20th century to be inferred. All four compounds were not present in the atmosphere prior to the 1960s. n-C4F10 and n-C5F12 were also measured in samples collected in the stratosphere confirming their very long atmospheric lifetimes. Emissions were inferred from these observations and found to be comparable with emissions from the EDGAR database for n-C6F14. However, emissions of n-C4F10, n-C5F12 and n-C7F16 were found to differ by up to five orders of magnitude. Although the abundances of the four perfluorocarbons reported here are currently small (less than 0.3 ppt, parts per trillion) they have strong Global Warming Potentials several thousand times higher than carbon dioxide and continue to increase in the atmosphere. The sum of their cumulative emissions reached 325 mt (million metric tonnes) CO2 equivalent at the end of 2009.
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47

Laube, J. C., C. Hogan, M. J. Newland, F. S. Mani, P. J. Fraser, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, P. Martinerie, et al. "Distributions, long term trends and emissions of four perfluorocarbons in remote parts of the atmosphere and firn air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2012): 4081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4081-2012.

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Abstract. We report the first data set of atmospheric abundances for the following four perfluoroalkanes: n-decafluorobutane (n-C4F10), n-dodecafluoropentane (n-C5F12), n-tetradecafluorohexane (n-C6F14) and n-hexadecafluoroheptane (n-C7F16). All four compounds could be detected and quantified in air samples from remote locations in the Southern Hemisphere (at Cape Grim, Tasmania, archived samples dating back to 1978) and the upper troposphere (a passenger aircraft flying from Germany to South Africa). Further observations originate from air samples extracted from deep firn in Greenland and allow trends of atmospheric abundances in the earlier 20th century to be inferred. All four compounds were not present in the atmosphere prior to the 1960s. n-C4F10 and n-C5F12 were also measured in samples collected in the stratosphere with the data indicating that they have no significant sinks in this region. Emissions were inferred from these observations and found to be comparable with emissions from the EDGAR database for n-C6F14. However, emissions of n-C4F10, n-C5F12 and n-C7F16 were found to differ by up to five orders of magnitude between our approach and the database. Although the abundances of the four perfluorocarbons reported here are currently small (less than 0.3 parts per trillion) they have strong Global Warming Potentials several thousand times higher than carbon dioxide (on a 100-yr time horizon) and continue to increase in the atmosphere. We estimate that the sum of their cumulative emissions reached 325 million metric tonnes CO2 equivalent at the end of 2009.
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48

Moreno, R. D., M. S. Sepúlveda, A. de Ioannes, and C. Barros. "The polysulphate binding domain of human proacrosin/acrosin is involved in both the enzyme activation and spermatozoa-zona pellucida interaction." Zygote 6, no. 1 (February 1998): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400005104.

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SummaryMammalian acrosin is a protease present as a zymogen in the acrosome of a non-reacted mammalian sperm, and in vitro is able to carry out limited hydrolysis of homologous and heterologous zonae pellucidae. On the other hand, sulphated polymers and zona pellcida glycoproteins bind to acrosin on a domain different from the active site, named the polysulphate binding domain (PSBD). Thus it is believed that acrosome-reacted spermatozoa bind to glycan chains of the zona pellucida through PSBD participating as secondary binding receptor. The aim of the present work was to study the role of PSBD during both human gamete interaction and acrosin activation. In this work we present evidence that the anti-human acrosin monoclonal antibody C5F10 is directed to an epitope located on or near the PSBD on human proacrosin/acrosin. Moreover, we show that this antibody is able to inhibit both proacrosin activation induced by fucoidan and the sperm binding to the zona pellucida. Our results suggest that the same PSBD is involved in both sperm secondary binding, during zona pellucida penetration, and proacrosin activation.
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49

Moreno, R. D., M. Hoshi, and C. Barros. "Functional interactions between sulphated polysaccharides and proacrosin: implications in sperm binding and digestion of zona pellucida." Zygote 7, no. 2 (May 1999): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199499000453.

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Acrosin is a serine protease located within mammalian acrosome as inactive proacrosin. Sulphated polymers bind to proacrosin and acrosin, to a domain different from the active site. Upon binding, these polymers induce proacrosin activation and some of them, such as fucoidan, inhibit sperm binding to the zona pellucida. In this work we have studied the interaction of solubilised zona pellucida glycoproteins (ZPGs), heparin and ARIS (Acrosome Reaction Inducing Substance of Starfish) with boar and human acrosin. We have found that ARIS, solubilised ZPGs and fucoidan, but not heparin, inhibit the binding of the monoclonal antibody against human acrosin C5F10 to boar or human proacrosin. These results suggest that fucoidan, solubilised ZPGs and ARIS bind to a related domain on the proacrosin surface. Moreover, ARIS was able to induce human proacrosin activation. On the other hand, neither ARIS nor heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa or bovine lung induced hamster sperm acrosome reaction or sperm motility. Recent data showed that acrosin is involved in dispersal of the acrosomal matrix after acrosome reaction. Thus, the control of the ZPG glycan chains over proacrosin activation may regulate both sperm penetration rate and limited proteolysis of zona pellucida proteins.
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50

Kuzyaev, Dmitry M., Alexander A. Maleev, Tatyana I. Kulikova, Dmitry L. Vorozhtsov, and Mikhail N. Bochkarev. "Reactivity of Neodymium and Samarium Nitrides." Journal of Chemical Research 41, no. 2 (February 2017): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751917x14839766277332.

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The reaction of NdN and SmN with iodine gave the iodide-nitrides (NdI2)3N(DME)4 and (SmI)3N2(THF)2, which are inert towards sulfur, in contrast to the neodymium and dysprosium iodide-nitrides prepared by the reaction of LnI2 with N2. Reaction of NdN and SmN with C6F5OH and CpH gave the organolanthanide derivatives Ln(C5F5O)3(THF)n (Ln = Nd or Sm) and Cp3Sm with moderate and low yields, respectively. Phenylacetylene and styrene do not react with SmN.
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