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1
Doin de Moura, Ginaini Grazielli, Philippe Remigi, Catherine Masson-Boivin, and Delphine Capela. "Experimental Evolution of Legume Symbionts: What Have We Learnt?" Genes 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030339.
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Rhizobia, the nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes, are polyphyletic bacteria distributed in many alpha- and beta-proteobacterial genera. They likely emerged and diversified through independent horizontal transfers of key symbiotic genes. To replay the evolution of a new rhizobium genus under laboratory conditions, the symbiotic plasmid of Cupriavidus taiwanensis was introduced in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and the generated proto-rhizobium was submitted to repeated inoculations to the C. taiwanensis host, Mimosa pudica L. This experiment validated a two-step evolutionary scenario of key symbiotic gene acquisition followed by genome remodeling under plant selection. Nodulation and nodule cell infection were obtained and optimized mainly via the rewiring of regulatory circuits of the recipient bacterium. Symbiotic adaptation was shown to be accelerated by the activity of a mutagenesis cassette conserved in most rhizobia. Investigating mutated genes led us to identify new components of R. solanacearum virulence and C. taiwanensis symbiosis. Nitrogen fixation was not acquired in our short experiment. However, we showed that post-infection sanctions allowed the increase in frequency of nitrogen-fixing variants among a non-fixing population in the M. pudica–C. taiwanensis system and likely allowed the spread of this trait in natura. Experimental evolution thus provided new insights into rhizobium biology and evolution.
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JAŁOSZYŃSKI, PAWEŁ. "Cephennomicrus Reitter (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae) of Japan and Taiwan: taxonomic notes, ten new species and comparative morphology of nomurai and taiwanensis species groups." Zootaxa 2145, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2145.1.1.
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Cephennomicrus Reitter, 1907 (Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini) of Japan and Taiwan is revised. Four species groups are established for the following species: the nomurai group—C. nomurai (Jałoszyński & Hoshina, 2003) (Japan), C. hobbiti (Jałoszyński & Hoshina, 2003) (Japan), C. disjunctus (Jałoszyński, S. Arai & K. Arai, 2004) status n. (Japan), C. inflatus sp. n. (Taiwan), and C. crucifer sp. n. (Taiwan); the taiwanensis group—C. taiwanensis (Jałoszyński, 2004) (Taiwan), C. iriomotensis sp. n. (Japan), C. nagoanus sp. n. (Japan), C. tsurui sp. n. (Taiwan), C. delicatissimus sp. n. (Taiwan), and C. imago sp. n. (Taiwan); the japonigenus group—C. japonigenus (Jałoszyński & Hoshina, 2003) (Japan), and C. pseudojaponigenus sp. n. (Japan); the fujianus group—C. fujianus (Jałoszyński, 2005) (from China, not treated in this paper), and C. pseudofujianus sp. n. (Taiwan). Three species remain incertae sedis within the genus: C. okinawanus (Jałoszyński, S. Arai & K. Arai, 2004) (Japan), C. cactiformis (Jałoszyński & Hoshina, 2003) (Japan), and C. taitungensis sp. n. (Taiwan). Habitus of all treated species and aedeagi are illustrated. Detailed morphology of the nomurai and taiwanensis species groups was studied, described and illustrated based on disarticulated specimens of C. nomurai and C. delicatissimus. Comparative study suggests a separate position of the nomurai group as a subgenus or genus; however, Oriental Cephennomicrus must be studied in detail before formal taxonomic changes can be made.
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Chen, Jih-Jung, Ming-Jen Cheng, Tzong-Huei Lee, Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, and Chao-Tsen Lu. "Secondary Metabolites with Anti-Inflammatory from the Roots of Cimicifuga taiwanensis." Molecules 27, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051657.
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The genus Cimicifuga is one of the smallest genera in the family Ranunculaceae. Cimicifugae Rhizoma originated from rhizomes of Cimicifuga simplex, and C. dahurica, C. racemosa, C. foetida, and C. heracleifolia have been used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic remedies in Chinese traditional medicine. Inflammation is related to many diseases. Cimicifuga taiwanensis was often used in folk therapy in Taiwan for inflammation. Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic separation of extracts from the roots of Cimicifuga taiwanensis has led to the isolation of six new compounds: cimicitaiwanins A–F (1–6, respectively). The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis (1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, and UV) and comparison with the literature data. The effect of some isolates on the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was evaluated. Of the isolates, 3–6 exhibited potent anti-NO production activity, with IC50 values ranging from 6.54 to 24.58 μM, respectively, compared with that of quercetin, an iNOS inhibitor with an IC50 value of 34.58 μM. This is the first report on metabolite from the endemic Taiwanese plant-C. taiwanensis.
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Lin, Tsan-Piao, Tzen-Yu Lee, Li-Feng Yang, Yong-Ly Chung, and Jenq-Chuan Yang. "Comparison of the allozyme diversity in several populations of Chamaecyparisformosensis and Chamaecyparistaiwanensis." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 2128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-273.
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Genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation among three populations of Chamaecyparisformosensis Matsum. and two populations of Chamaecyparistaiwanensis Masam. & Suzuki were investigated using one-year-old seedlings collected from central and northern Taiwan. For C. formosensis 330 seedlings from 33 seed trees were used, while for C. taiwanensis 260 seedlings from 26 seed trees were used. Eleven enzyme systems were investigated. In C. formosensis, 5 of the 21 loci examined were polymorphic. The average percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 20.6% at the 99% criterion for polymorphism. Mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.079 to 0.100 in the different populations. On average, there were 6.6 to 9.2% heterozygous loci per individual and 1.24 to 1.29 alleles per locus; the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.09 to 1.11. In C. taiwanensis, 7 of the 20 loci examined were polymorphic and the average percentage of polymorphic loci per population was 22.5%. Mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.044 to 0.060. On average there were 4.5 to 5.6% heterozygous loci per individual and 1.45 alleles per locus; the effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.05 to 1.08. The surprisingly low expected heterozygosity and percentage of polymorphic loci compared with other conifer probably reflects the insular nature of these species. Partitioning the genetic variability into within- and among-population components with F-statistics led to an estimate of within-population variation of 95% of the total variation in both C. formosensis and C. taiwanensis. Chamaecyparisformosensis had a positive fixation index (0.109) that was significantly different from zero at the 5% level, indicating that most loci have slightly higher frequencies of homozygotes. Chamaecyparistaiwanensis, however, had a fixation index close to zero (0.036), which suggests that most loci are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic distance between C. formosensis and C. taiwanensis was 0.70, which clearly separates these two species.
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He, Tengxia, Qing Ye, Quan Sun, Xi Cai, Jiupai Ni, Zhenlun Li, and Deti Xie. "Removal of Nitrate in Simulated Water at Low Temperature by a Novel Psychrotrophic and Aerobic Bacterium, Pseudomonas taiwanensis Strain J." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4984087.
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Low temperatures and high pH generally inhibit the biodenitrification. Thus, it is important to explore the psychrotrophic and alkali-resisting microorganism for degradation of nitrogen. This research was mainly focused on the identification of a psychrotrophic strain and preliminary explored its denitrification characteristics. The new strain J was isolated using the bromothymol blue solid medium and identified as Pseudomonas taiwanensis on the basis of morphology and phospholipid fatty acid as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, which is further testified to work efficiently for removing nitrate from wastewater at low temperature circumstances. This is the first report that Pseudomonas taiwanensis possessed excellent tolerance to low temperature, with 15°C as its optimum and 5°C as viable. The Pseudomonas taiwanensis showed unusual ability of aerobic denitrification with the nitrate removal efficiencies of 100% at 15°C and 51.61% at 5°C. Single factor experiments showed that the optimal conditions for denitrification were glucose as carbon source, 15°C, shaking speed 150 r/min, C/N 15, pH≥7, and incubation quantity 2.0 × 106 CFU/mL. The nitrate and total nitrogen removal efficiencies were up to 100% and 93.79% at 15°C when glucose is served as carbon source. These results suggested that strain J had aerobic denitrification ability, as well as the notable ability to tolerate the low temperature and high pH.
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Kourilova, Xenie, Iva Pernicova, Michaela Vidlakova, Roman Krejcirik, Katerina Mrazova, Kamila Hrubanova, Vladislav Krzyzanek, Jana Nebesarova, and Stanislav Obruca. "Biotechnological Conversion of Grape Pomace to Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Moderately Thermophilic Bacterium Tepidimonas taiwanensis." Bioengineering 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8100141.
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are microbial polyesters that have recently come to the forefront of interest due to their biodegradability and production from renewable sources. A potential increase in competitiveness of PHA production process comes with a combination of the use of thermophilic bacteria with the mutual use of waste substrates. In this work, the thermophilic bacterium Tepidimonas taiwanensis LMG 22826 was identified as a promising PHA producer. The ability to produce PHA in T. taiwanensis was studied both on genotype and phenotype levels. The gene encoding the Class I PHA synthase, a crucial enzyme in PHA synthesis, was detected both by genome database search and by PCR. The microbial culture of T. taiwanensis was capable of efficient utilization of glucose and fructose. When cultivated on glucose as the only carbon source at 50 °C, the PHA titers reached up to 3.55 g/L, and PHA content in cell dry mass was 65%. The preference of fructose and glucose opens the possibility to employ T. taiwanensis for PHA production on various food wastes rich in these abundant sugars. In this work, PHA production on grape pomace extracts was successfully tested.
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Tseng, Min, Shu-Feng Yang, Wen-Jun Li, and Cheng-Lin Jiang. "Amycolatopsis taiwanensis sp. nov., from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64149-0.
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An actinomycete strain (0345M-7T) was isolated from a soil sample from Yilan county, Taiwan. The isolate displayed substrate mycelia, upon which were borne short spore chains. The spore chains were composed of non-motile, smooth-surfaced, oval spores. Strain 0345M-7T had meso-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan. Whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose, arabinose and ribose. The only phospholipid found was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Mycolic acids were not detected. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 (38.1 %) and C17 : 1 (25.4 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 0345M-7T was 68.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, it is proposed that strain 0345M-7T (=BCRC 16802T=KCTC 19116T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, Amycolatopsis taiwanensis sp. nov.
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Daubech, Benoit, Verena Poinsot, Agnieszka Klonowska, Delphine Capela, Clémence Chaintreuil, Lionel Moulin, Marta Marchetti, and Catherine Masson-Boivin. "noeM, a New Nodulation Gene Involved in the Biosynthesis of Nod Factors with an Open-Chain Oxidized Terminal Residue and in the Symbiosis with Mimosa pudica." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 12 (December 2019): 1635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-19-0168-r.
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The β-rhizobium Cupriavidus taiwanensis is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of Mimosa pudica. Nod factors produced by this species were previously found to be pentameric chitin-oligomers carrying common C18:1 or C16:0 fatty acyl chains, N-methylated and C-6 carbamoylated on the nonreducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine and sulfated on the reducing terminal residue. Here, we report that, in addition, C. taiwanensis LMG19424 produces molecules where the reducing sugar is open and oxidized. We identified a novel nodulation gene located on the symbiotic plasmid pRalta, called noeM, which is involved in this atypical Nod factor structure. noeM encodes a transmembrane protein bearing a fatty acid hydroxylase domain. This gene is expressed during symbiosis with M. pudica and requires NodD and luteolin for optimal expression. The closest noeM homologs formed a separate phylogenetic clade containing rhizobial genes only, which are located on symbiosis plasmids downstream from a nod box. Corresponding proteins, referred to as NoeM, may have specialized in symbiosis via the connection to the nodulation pathway and the spread in rhizobia. noeM was mostly found in isolates of the Mimoseae tribe, and specifically detected in all tested strains able to nodulate M. pudica. A noeM deletion mutant of C. taiwanensis was affected for the nodulation of M. pudica, confirming the role of noeM in the symbiosis with this legume.
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Kim, Byung-Yong, Hang-Yeon Weon, Seung-Hee Yoo, Wen-Ming Chen, Soon-Wo Kwon, Seung-Joo Go, and Erko Stackebrandt. "Chitinimonas koreensis sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil in Korea." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64163-0.
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Strain R2A43-10T was isolated from a greenhouse soil in Korea. Cells were Gram-negative rods, motile by means of a single flagellum. Growth occurred at 10–40 °C and at pH 5–8. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) was the only respiratory lipoquinone. Major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and C16 : 0. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain R2A43-10T was closely related to Chitinimonas taiwanensis cfT (sequence similarity of 94.8 %), but it exhibited low sequence similarities (<92 %) to other members of the Betaproteobacteria. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain R2A43-10T was 65.0 mol%. The novel isolate could be differentiated from C. taiwanensis cfT by several physiological properties. On the basis of genomic and phenotypic data, it is concluded that R2A43-10T (=KACC 11467T=DSM 17726T) is the type strain of a novel species of the genus Chitinimonas, for which the name Chitinimonas koreensis sp. nov. is proposed.
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Wang, Li-Ting, Chun-Ju Tai, Yen-Chi Wu, Ying-Bei Chen, Fwu-Ling Lee, and San-Lang Wang. "Pseudomonas taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 2094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.014779-0.
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A novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, CMST, isolated from soil was characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the organism belongs phylogenetically to the genus Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas monteilii, P. plecoglossicida and P. mosselii were the most closely related species, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the respective type strains of 99.79, 99.73 and 99.59 %. Relatively low gyrB gene sequence similarities (<90 %) and DNA–DNA reassociation values (<51 %) were obtained between the strain and its phylogenetically closest neighbours. The G+C content of strain CMST was 62.7 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0 and C10 : 0 3-OH. Based on the phenotypic and genetic evidence, the strain is suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMST (=BCRC 17751T =DSM 21245T).
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Chen, Wen-Ming, Lionel Moulin, Cyril Bontemps, Peter Vandamme, Gilles Béna, and Catherine Boivin-Masson. "Legume Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation byβ-Proteobacteria Is Widespread inNature." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 24 (December 15, 2003): 7266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.24.7266-7272.2003.
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ABSTRACT Following the initial discovery of two legume-nodulating Burkholderia strains (L. Moulin, A. Munive, B. Dreyfus, and C. Boivin-Masson, Nature 411:948-950, 2001), we identified as nitrogen-fixing legume symbionts at least 50 different strains of Burkholderia caribensis and Ralstonia taiwanensis, all belonging to the β-subclass of proteobacteria, thus extending the phylogenetic diversity of the rhizobia. R. taiwanensis was found to represent 93% of the Mimosa isolates in Taiwan, indicating thatβ -proteobacteria can be the specific symbionts of a legume. The nod genes of rhizobial β-proteobacteria (β-rhizobia) are very similar to those of rhizobia from theα -subclass (α-rhizobia), strongly supporting the hypothesis of the unique origin of common nod genes. Theβ -rhizobial nod genes are located on a 0.5-Mb plasmid, together with the nifH gene, in R. taiwanensis and Burkholderia phymatum. Phylogenetic analysis of available nodA gene sequences clustered β-rhizobial sequences in two nodA lineages intertwined with α-rhizobial sequences. On the other hand, theβ -rhizobia were grouped with free-living nitrogen-fixingβ -proteobacteria on the basis of the nifH phylogenetic tree. These findings suggest that β-rhizobia evolved from diazotrophs through multiple lateral nod gene transfers.
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HU, FANG-SHUO. "New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini)." Zootaxa 4768, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 334–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2.
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Miobdelus humilis sp. nov. is described as new. A lectotype is designated for Staphylinus (Xanthocypus) miwai Bernhauer, 1943 and Thoracostrongylus miyakei Bernhauer, 1943. Ocypus (Ocypus) miwai (Bernhauer, 1943) is transferred from Ocypus Leach, 1819 to Sphaerobulbus Smetana, 2003 and the species is re-described based on types and modern specimens. A female description of Apecholinus imitator Smetana & Hu, 2019 is provided. Creophilus flavipennis Hope, 1831, Nelmanwaslus ornatus Smetana, 2006, Ontholestes oculatus (Sharp, 1874) and Platydracus juang Smetana, 2005 are reported for the first time from Taiwan. Ontholestes oculatus is re-described based on Taiwanese material, representing the first record of the genus Ontholestes Ganglbauer, 1895 in Taiwan. Platydracus juang is considered to be a termitophilous species, associated with Reticulitermes leptomandibularis (Hsia & Fan, 1965), which would represent the first report of termitophily in the subtribe Staphylinina. Additional records of C. maxillosus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758), Agelosus auricomus Smetana & Hu, 2019, Apecholinus fraternus Fairmaire, 1891, Miobdelus taiwanensis taiwanensis Smetana, 2001, Naddia taiwanensis Shibata, 1979 and Thoracostrongylus formosanus Shibata, 1982 are provided. Habitus photos of the above species and Dinothenarus choui Smetana, 1992 are also provided. A preliminary checklist of Staphylinina in Taiwan is proposed.
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Wang, Ching-Chiung, Hsyeh-Fang Chen, Jin-Yi Wu, and Lih-Geeng Chen. "Stability of Principal Hydrolysable Tannins from Trapa taiwanensis Hulls." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020365.
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The fruit and hulls of the water caltrop (Trapa taiwanensis Nakai) are used as hepatoprotective herbal tea ingredients in Taiwan. The stability of hydrolysable tannins in herbal drinks has rarely been reported. In the present study, two hydrolysable tannins, tellimagrandin II (TGII) and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucopyranose (PGG), were isolated from water caltrop hulls. The stability of the two compounds was evaluated by treatment with various pH buffer solutions, simulated gastric fluid and intestinal fluid, different temperatures, and photo-irradiation at 352 nm in different solvents. Results showed that TGII and PGG were more stable in a pH 2.0 buffer solution (with 91.88% remaining) and in a water solution with 352 nm irradiation (with 95% remaining). TGII and PGG were more stable in methanol or ethanol solutions (with >93.69% remaining) than in an aqueous solution (with <43.52% remaining) at 100 °C. In simulated gastric fluid, more than 96% of the hydrolysable tannins remained after incubation at 37 °C for 4 h. However, these hydrolysable tannins were unstable in simulated intestinal fluid, as after incubation at 37 °C for 9 h, the content of TGII had decreased to 31.40% and of PGG to 12.46%. The synthetic antioxidants, butyl hydroxy anisole (BHA), di-butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), and propyl gallate, did not exhibit photoprotective effects on these hydrolysable tannins. However, catechin, a natural antioxidant, displayed a weak photoprotective effect. Ascorbic acid had a short-term thermal-protective effect but not a long-term protective effect. The different stability properties of hydrolysable tannins in solutions can be used in the development of related herbal teas in the future.
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Liu, Bo, Guo-Hong Liu, Cetin Sengonca, Peter Schumann, Ming-Kuang Wang, Rong-Feng Xiao, Xue-Fang Zheng, and Zheng Chen. "Bacillus taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample from Taiwan." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_7 (July 1, 2015): 2078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000222.
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A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium (FJAT-14571T) was isolated from a soil sample in Taiwan. Strain FJAT-14571T grew at 20–40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6–10 (optimum pH 8) and 0–2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FJAT-14571T was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus oceanisediminis DSM 24771T (96.2 %). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain FJAT-14571T and B. oceanisediminis DSM 24771T was low (32.0 % ± 0.88 %). The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of strain FJAT-14571T was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (96.6 %). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (46.4 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.6 %), iso-C17 : 0 (8.2 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (10.0 %) and the DNA G+C content was 40.8 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties clearly indicated that strain FJAT-14571T represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-14571T ( = DSM 27845T = CGMCC1.1 2698T).
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Chen, Yi-sheng, Yu-hsuan Lin, Shwu-fen Pan, Si-hua Ji, Yu-chung Chang, Chi-rong Yu, Min-shiuan Liou, et al. "Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis subsp. nov., isolated from broccoli." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_12 (December 1, 2013): 4691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.052761-0.
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A coccal strain isolated from fresh broccoli was initially identified as Enterococcus saccharolyticus ; however, molecular identification and phenotypic traits did not support this identification. DNA–DNA hybridization with the type strain of E. saccharolyticus (76.4 % relatedness), DNA G+C content (35.7 mol%), phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, pheS and rpoA gene sequences, rep-PCR fingerprinting and profiles of cellular fatty acids, whole-cell proteins and enzyme activities, together with carbohydrate metabolism characteristics, indicated that this strain is distinct and represents a novel subspecies, for which the name Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. taiwanensis subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 812T ( = NBRC 109476T = BCRC 80575T). Furthermore, we present an emended description of Enterococcus saccharolyticus and proposal of Enterococcus saccharolyticus subsp. saccharolyticus subsp. nov. (type strain ATCC 43076T = CCUG 27643T = CCUG 33311T = CIP 103246T = DSM 20726T = JCM 8734T = LMG 11427T = NBRC 100493T = NCIMB 702594T).
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Lin, Shih-Yao, Asif Hameed, You-Cheng Liu, Yi-Han Hsu, Wei-An Lai, Hsin-I. Huang, and Chiu-Chung Young. "Chitinophaga taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_2 (February 1, 2014): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.054452-0.
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An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (strain CC-ALB-1T) was isolated from the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana. Strain CC-ALB-1T was able to grow at 20–30 °C, pH 5.0–8.0 and with up to 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CC-ALB-1T had the highest sequence similarity to Chitinophaga ginsengisegetis Gsoil 040T (96.9 %) and Chitinophaga niastensis JS16-4T (96.7 %); lower levels of similarity (<97.0 %) were observed to strains of all other species of the genus Chitinophaga . The fatty acid profile consisted of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C15 : 1ω5c, C16 : 1ω5c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The predominant quinone system was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content was 53.4±0.4 mol%. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CC-ALB-1T is proposed to represent a novel species within the genus Chitinophaga , for which the name Chitinophaga taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-ALB-1T ( = BCRC 80570T = JCM 18895T).
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Lee, Fwu-Ling, Hsiao-Ping Kuo, Chun-Ju Tai, Akira Yokota, and Chi-Chu Lo. "Paenibacillus taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from soil in Taiwan." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 1351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64764-0.
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Among a large collection of Taiwanese soil isolates, a novel Gram-variable, rod-shaped, motile and endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated G-soil-2-3T, was isolated from farmland soil in Wu-Feng, Taiwan. The isolate was subjected to a polyphasic study including 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments, fatty acid analysis and comparative phenotypic characterization. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the organism belongs within the genus Paenibacillus. It contained menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15 : 0 (40.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (13.1 %), iso-C16 : 0 (10.8 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (7.3 %) as the major fatty acids. Phylogenetically, the closest relatives of strain G-soil-2-3T were the type strains of Paenibacillus assamensis, Paenibacillus alvei and Paenibacillus apiarius, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.7, 95 and 95.2 %, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed levels of relatedness of 2.8–9.0 % of strain G-soil-2-3T with these strains. The G+C content of the DNA was 44.6 mol%. Strain G-soil-2-3T was clearly distinguishable from P. assamensis, P. alvei and P. apiarius and thus represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G-soil-2-3T (=BCRC 17411T=IAM 15414T=LMG 23799T=DSM 18679T).
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Chu, Jiunn-Nan, A. B. Arun, Wen-Ming Chen, Jui-Hsing Chou, Fo-Ting Shen, P. D. Rekha, P. Kämpfer, Li-Sen Young, Shih-Yao Lin, and Chiu-Chung Young. "Agaricicola taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from the edible mushroom Agaricus blazei." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 2032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.016485-0.
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A Gram-negative, beige-pigmented, aerobic, motile, club-shaped bacterium, designated strain CC-SBABM117T, was isolated from the stipe of the edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the strain shared <93 % similarity with the type strains of species in the genera Pannonibacter, Methylopila, Nesiotobacter and Stappia. The organism was unable to produce acid from carbohydrates, but utilized a number of organic acids and amino acids. Ubiquinone 10 (Q-10) was the major respiratory quinone and C18 : 1 ω7c, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 0 were the predominant fatty acids. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain CC-SBABM117T was 62.7 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain CC-SBABM117T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Agaricicola taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Agaricicola taiwanensis is CC-SBABM117T (=BCRC 17964T =CCM 7684T).
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Huang, Ssu-Po, Hsiao-Yun Chang, Jwo-Sheng Chen, Wen Dar Jean, and Wung Yang Shieh. "Aliidiomarina taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from shallow coastal water." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.030064-0.
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A Gram-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic, marine bacterium, designated AIT1T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected in the shallow coastal region of Bitou Harbour, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Cells grown in broth cultures were straight or slightly curved rods that were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain AIT1T required NaCl for growth, grew optimally at 30–40 °C and with 1.5–5.0 % NaCl, and was incapable of anaerobic growth by fermentation of glucose or other carbohydrates. The isoprenoid quinones consisted of Q-8 (95.2 %) and Q-9 (4.8 %). The major polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cellular fatty acids were predominantly iso-branched and included iso-C17 : 0 (26.5 %), summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0; 25.9 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (20.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 51.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AIT1T formed a distinct lineage within the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to members of the genus Idiomarina in the family Idiomarinaceae (91.5–93.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The phylogenetic data, together with chemotaxonomic, physiological and morphological data, revealed that the isolate should be classified as a representative of a novel species in a new genus in the family Idiomarinaceae, for which the name Aliidiomarina taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AIT1T ( = JCM 16052T = BCRC 80035T = NCCB 100321T).
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Gyaneshwar, Prasad, Ann M. Hirsch, Lionel Moulin, Wen-Ming Chen, Geoffrey N. Elliott, Cyril Bontemps, Paulina Estrada-de los Santos, et al. "Legume-Nodulating Betaproteobacteria: Diversity, Host Range, and Future Prospects." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 11 (November 2011): 1276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-11-0172.
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Rhizobia form specialized nodules on the roots of legumes (family Fabaceae) and fix nitrogen in exchange for carbon from the host plant. Although the majority of legumes form symbioses with members of genus Rhizobium and its relatives in class Alphaproteobacteria, some legumes, such as those in the large genus Mimosa, are nodulated predominantly by betaproteobacteria in the genera Burkholderia and Cupriavidus. The principal centers of diversity of these bacteria are in central Brazil and South Africa. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that betaproteobacteria have existed as legume symbionts for approximately 50 million years, and that, although they have a common origin, the symbiosis genes in both subclasses have evolved separately since then. Additionally, some species of genus Burkholderia, such as B. phymatum, are highly promiscuous, effectively nodulating several important legumes, including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). In contrast to genus Burkholderia, only one species of genus Cupriavidus (C. taiwanensis) has so far been shown to nodulate legumes. The recent availability of the genome sequences of C. taiwanensis, B. phymatum, and B. tuberum has paved the way for a more detailed analysis of the evolutionary and mechanistic differences between nodulating strains of alpha- and betaproteobacteria. Initial analyses of genome sequences have suggested that plant-associated Burkholderia spp. have lower G+C contents than Burkholderia spp. that are opportunistic human pathogens, thus supporting previous suggestions that the plant- and human-associated groups of Burkholderia actually belong in separate genera.
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PUNJEE, Putthita Punjee, Wilailak SIRIPORNADULSIL, and Surasak SIRIPORNADULSIL. "Colonization by Cupriavidus taiwanensis KKU2500-3 Enhances the Growth and Yield of KDML105 Jasmine Rice." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.4401.
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The effects of the cadmium-tolerant bacterium Cupriavidus taiwanensis KKU2500-3 on the growth and grain production of jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L. var. KDML105) were studied. Bacterial cells were inoculated onto rice seedlings before transplanting into a hydroponic system; the cells successfully colonized, became distributed, and multiplied in the range of 104 - 109 log CFU·g-1 plant. The bacterial cells were localized to the cell wall and the intercellular space of all plant parts. Moreover, inoculation of strain KKU2500-3 significantly promoted rice growth by increasing the length, dry mass of shoots and roots, and chlorophyll concentration in leaves, and improved yields by increasing the panicle length, number of seeds/panicle, number of filled grains/panicle, filled grain percentage, and 100-grain weight (13.57, 11.90, 48.20, 32.55, and 23.53 % over the control, respectively). The number of filled grains/panicle and grain weight accounted for the increase in total yield. C. taiwanensis KKU2500-3 fixed nitrogen, produced indole-3-acetic acid, and solubilized phosphate, affecting the growth and yield of all plants. Successful colonization of rice seedlings before transplanting is an important finding, as it will simplify bacterial inoculation of plants, especially when grown in cadmium-contaminated rice fields.
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Jiang, Lan, Zhongsheng He, Jinfu Liu, Cong Xing, Xinguang Gu, Chensi Wei, Jing Zhu, and Xuelin Wang. "Elevation Gradient Altered Soil C, N, and P Stoichiometry of Pinus taiwanensis Forest on Daiyun Mountain." Forests 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121089.
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Researches focused on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) content and the stoichiometry characteristics along elevation gradients are important for effective management of forest ecosystems. Taking the soil of different elevations from 900 to 1700 m on Daiyun Mountain as the object, the elevation distribution of total C, N, and P in soil and their stoichiometry characteristics were studied. Also, the driving factors resulting in the spatial heterogeneity of soil stoichiometry are presented. The results show the following: (1) The average soil C and N content was 53.03 g·kg−1 and 3.82 g·kg−1, respectively. The content of C and N at high elevation was higher than that of at low elevation. Soil phosphorus fluctuated with elevation. (2) With increasing elevation, soil C:N ratio increased initially to 17.40 at elevation between 900–1000 m, and then decreased to 12.02 at elevation 1600 m. The changing trends of C:P and N:P were similar, and they all fluctuated with elevation. (3) Elevation, soil bulk density, and soil temperature were the main factors influencing the variation of soil C, N, and C:N. Soil pH and slope position were the driving factors for soil P, C:P, and N:P. The soil is rich in C and N, and has less total phosphorus on Daiyun Mountain. Raising the level of phosphate fertilizer appropriately can help to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth as well. In light of this information, in the near future, it will be necessary to conduct separation management of C, N, and P with regular monitoring systems to maintain favorable conditions for soil.
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RUAN, YONGYING, XINGKE YANG, ALEXANDER S. KONSTANTINOV, KANIYARIKKAL D. PRATHAPAN, and MENGNA ZHANG. "Revision of the Oriental Chaetocnema species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini)." Zootaxa 4699, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 1–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4699.1.1.
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The Oriental species of Chaetocnema Stephens, 1831 are revised. There are 85 valid species, including 19 new species: C. angustifrons sp. nov.; C. appendiculata sp. nov.; C. baoshanica sp. nov.; C. dapitanica sp. nov.; C. glabra sp. nov.; C. greenica sp. nov.; C. jinxiuensis sp. nov.; C. hongkongensis sp. nov.; C. latapronota sp. nov.; C. midimpunctata sp. nov.; C. nigrilata sp. nov.; C. parafusiformis sp. nov.; C. paragreenica sp. nov.; C. paraumesaoi sp. nov.; C. purerulea sp. nov.; C. reteimpunctata sp. nov.; C. sabahensis sp. nov.; C. subbasalis sp. nov.; C. trapezoida sp. nov. Fifteen new synonyms are proposed: C. assamensis Scherer, 1969 (syn. nov.) = C. hainanensis Chen, 1932; C. birmanica Jacoby, 1892 (syn. nov.) = C. malayana Baly, 1877; C. ebenina Warchalowski, 1973 (syn. nov.) = C. yiei Kimoto, 1970; C. flavipennis Medvedev, 1996 (syn. nov.) = C. granulicollis Jacoby, 1896; C. harita Maulik, 1926 (syn. nov.) = C. westwoodi Baly, 1877; C. himalayana Medvedev, 1993 (syn. nov.) = C. melonae Chen, 1934; C. kwangsiensis Chen, 1939 (syn. nov.) = C. hainanensis Chen, 1932; C. loriae Jacoby, 1905 (syn. nov.) = C. nigrica Motschulsky, 1858; C. nepalensis Scherer, 1969 (syn. nov.) = C. bella Baly, 1877; C. nitens Baly, 1877 (syn. nov.) = C. nigrica Motschulsky, 1858; C. placida Jacoby, 1896 (syn. nov.) = C. bella Baly 1877; C. shanensis Bryant, 1939 (syn. nov.) = C. bella Baly 1877; C. subcostata Jacoby, 1889 (syn. nov.) = C. wallacei Baly, 1877; C. vietnamica Chen & Wang, 1980 (syn. nov.) = C. modigliani Jacoby, 1896; C. vietnamica Medvedev, 2009 (syn. nov.) = C. wallacei Baly, 1877. C. vietnamica Medvedev, 2001 is a new junior homonym of C. vietnamica Chen & Wang, 1980. C. melonae Chen, 1934 status restored and resurrected from synonymy with C. duvivieri Jacoby, 1892 in Medvedev, 2001: 613. Two subspecies are raised to species level: C. taiwanensis Chûjô, 1965 new status for C. tonkinensis taiwanensis Chûjô, 1965 and C. yunnanica Heikertinger, 1951 new status for C. discreta yunnanica Heikertinger, 1951. Lectotypes are designated for 25 species: C. minuta Jacoby, 1896; C. granulicollis Jacoby, 1896; C. kwangsiensis Chen, 1939; C. longipunctata Maulik, 1926; C. montivaga Maulik, 1926; C. basalis Baly, 1877; C. parvula Baly, 1877; C. nitens Baly, 1877; C. geniculata Jacoby, 1896; C. simplicifrons (Baly, 1876); C. sticta Maulik, 1926; C. sumatrana Jacoby, 1896; C. wallacei Baly, 1877; C. alticola Maulik, 1926; C. belli Jacoby 1904; C. cognata Baly, 1877; C. squarrosa Baly, 1877; C. concinnipennis Baly, 1877; C. malayana Baly, 1877; C. birmanica Jacoby, 1892; C. merguiensis Bryant, 1941; C. pusaensis Maulik, 1926; C. singala Maulik, 1926; C. westwoodi Baly, 1877; C. harita Maulik, 1926.
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Chen, Yi-sheng, Chi-huan Chang, Shwu-fen Pan, Li-ting Wang, Yu-chung Chang, Hui-chung Wu, and Fujitoshi Yanagida. "Lactococcus taiwanensis sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from fresh cummingcordia." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_7 (July 1, 2013): 2405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.045757-0.
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One coccal strain, designated 0905C15T, was isolated from fresh cummingcordia, which is the main ingredient of pobuzihi (fermented cummingcordia), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain 0905C15T had 98.22–98.82 % sequence similarity to that of the type strains of four Lactococcus lactis subspecies ( L. lactis subsp. lactis BCRC 12312T, L. lactis subsp. cremoris BCRC 12586T, L. lactis subsp. hordniae BCRC 80474T and L. lactis subsp. tructae BCRC 80475T). Comparison of two housekeeping genes, recA and rpoB, revealed that strain 0905C15T was well separated from the reference strains of the genus Lactococcus . DNA–DNA hybridization studies indicated that strain 0905C15T had low DNA relatedness to the four Lactococcus lactis subspecies (9.7–15.24 %). The DNA G+C content of strain 0905C15T was 39.6 mol %. Based on the evidence, strain 0905C15T represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus , for which the name Lactococcus taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 0905C15T ( = NBRC 109049T = BCRC 80460T).
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Marchetti, Marta, Alain Jauneau, Delphine Capela, Philippe Remigi, Carine Gris, Jacques Batut, and Catherine Masson-Boivin. "Shaping Bacterial Symbiosis With Legumes by Experimental Evolution." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 9 (September 2014): 956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-14-0083-r.
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Nitrogen-fixing symbionts of legumes have appeared after the emergence of legumes on earth, approximately 70 to 130 million years ago. Since then, symbiotic proficiency has spread to distant genera of α- and β-proteobacteria, via horizontal transfer of essential symbiotic genes and subsequent recipient genome remodeling under plant selection pressure. To tentatively replay rhizobium evolution in laboratory conditions, we previously transferred the symbiotic plasmid of the Mimosa symbiont Cupriavidus taiwanensis in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and selected spontaneous nodulating variants of the chimeric Ralstonia sp. using Mimosa pudica as a trap. Here, we pursued the evolution experiment by submitting two of the rhizobial drafts to serial ex planta–in planta (M. pudica) passages that may mimic alternating of saprophytic and symbiotic lives of rhizobia. Phenotyping 16 cycle-evolved clones showed strong and parallel evolution of several symbiotic traits (i.e., nodulation competitiveness, intracellular infection, and bacteroid persistence). Simultaneously, plant defense reactions decreased within nodules, suggesting that the expression of symbiotic competence requires the capacity to limit plant immunity. Nitrogen fixation was not acquired in the frame of this evolutionarily short experiment, likely due to the still poor persistence of final clones within nodules compared with the reference rhizobium C. taiwanensis. Our results highlight the potential of experimental evolution in improving symbiotic proficiency and for the elucidation of relationship between symbiotic capacities and elicitation of immune responses.
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Chen, Mao-Yen, Shih-Hsiung Wu, Guang-Huey Lin, Chun-Ping Lu, Yung-Ting Lin, Wen-Chang Chang, and San-San Tsay. "Rubrobacter taiwanensis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, radiation-resistant species isolated from hot springs." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 1849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63109-0.
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Two novel bacteria, with an optimum growth temperature of approximately 60 °C, were isolated from Lu-shan hot springs in the central region of Taiwan. These isolates were aerobic, thermophilic, halotolerant, pink-pigmented, heterotrophic and resistant to gamma-radiation. Both pleomorphic, short, rod-shaped cells and coccoid cells were observed. Strains LS-286 (=ATCC BAA-452=BCRC 17198) and LS-293T (=ATCC BAA-406T=BCRC 17173T) represented a novel species of the genus Rubrobacter, according to a phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, DNA–DNA hybridization, biochemical features and fatty acid composition. The name Rubrobacter taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with LS-293T as the type strain.
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Jean, Wen Dar, Ssu-Po Huang, Jwo-Sheng Chen, and Wung Yang Shieh. "Kangiella taiwanensis sp. nov. and Kangiella marina sp. nov., marine bacteria isolated from shallow coastal water." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_9 (September 1, 2012): 2229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.037010-0.
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Two Gram-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic, marine bacteria, designated strains KT1T and KM1T, were isolated from seawater samples collected from the shallow coastal regions of northern Taiwan. Cells grown in broth cultures were non-flagellated rods. NaCl was required for growth. Optimal growth occurred with 2–5 % NaCl, at 25–30 °C and at pH 8. They grew aerobically and were not capable of anaerobic growth by fermenting d-glucose or other carbohydrates. Q-8 was the only isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipid detected in strain KT1T was phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, whereas those detected in KM1T were phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. Cellular fatty acids were nearly all iso-branched, with iso-C15 : 0 as the most abundant component (54.6–57.2 % of the total). Strains KT1T and KM1T had DNA G+C contents of 43.9 and 46.3 mol%, respectively. The two strains shared 98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity; levels of similarity with the type strains of species of the genus Kangiella were 95.6–98.4 %. Data from the present taxonomic study conducted using a polyphasic approach revealed that the isolates could be classified as representatives of two novel species of the genus Kangiella , for which the names Kangiella taiwanensis sp. nov. (type strain KT1T = BCRC 80330T = JCM 17727T) and Kangiella marina sp. nov. (type strain KM1T = BCRC 80329T = JCM 17728T) are proposed.
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Lin, Yu-Te, and Wung Yang Shieh. "Zobellella denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Zobellella taiwanensis sp. nov., denitrifying bacteria capable of fermentative metabolism." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64121-0.
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Two denitrifying strains of heterotrophic, facultatively anaerobic bacteria, designated ZD1T and ZT1T, were isolated from sediment samples collected from mangrove ecosystems in Taiwan. The isolates were Gram-negative. Cells grown in broth cultures were straight rods that were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The isolates grew optimally in 1–3 % NaCl, but NaCl was not an absolute requirement for growth; only strain ZT1T grew in 13–14 % NaCl. Both isolates grew between 10 and 45 °C, with optimum growth at 30–35 °C. They were capable of anaerobic growth by denitrifying metabolism using nitrate or nitrous oxide as terminal electron acceptors or, alternatively, by fermenting glucose, sucrose or mannitol as substrates. C18 : 1 ω7c was the most abundant fatty acid (32.6–35.7 %). The other major fatty acids included C16 : 1 ω7c (27.5–29.4 %) and C16 : 0 (20.1–22.0 %). The two isolates had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % and shared 94.1–96.8 % sequence similarity with the most closely related species, Oceanimonas doudoroffii, Oceanimonas baumannii, Oceanimonas smirnovii and Oceanisphaera litoralis. They could be distinguished from these species in that they were capable of fermentative metabolism, had relatively high DNA G+C contents (62.0–64.0 mol%) and contained C18 : 1 ω7c instead of C16 : 1 ω7c as the most abundant fatty acid. Characterization data accumulated in this study revealed that the two denitrifying isolates could be classified as representatives of two novel species in a new genus, Zobellella gen. nov., with Zobellella denitrificans sp. nov. (type strain ZD1T=BCRC 17493T=JCM 13380T) as the type species and Zobellella taiwanensis sp. nov. (type strain ZT1T=BCRC 17494T=JCM 13381T) as a second species.
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Lai, Mei-Chin, Chih-Chien Lin, Ping-Hung Yu, Yi-Feng Huang, and Sheng-Chung Chen. "Methanocalculus chunghsingensis sp. nov., isolated from an estuary and a marine fishpond in Taiwan." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02761-0.
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Three novel halotolerant, hydrogenotrophic methanogens, designated strains K1F9705bT, K1F9705c and O1F9704a, were isolated from an estuary in Eriln Shi, Taiwan, and from a nearby marine water aquaculture fishpond. These isolates were irregular cocci that stained Gram-negative. Strains K1F9705bT and K1F9705c were non-motile, but strain O1F9704a was weakly motile with flagella. They were able to use formate and H2/CO2 to form methane, but they could not catabolize acetate, methanol, trimethylamine or secondary alcohols. Acetate was required for cell growth. Tungsten greatly stimulated the growth of strains K1F9705bT and K1F9705c, but did not affect the growth of strain O1F9704a. Optimal pH and temperature for growth of these three isolates were respectively 7·2 and 37 °C. Optimal NaCl concentration for growth was 0·5 % for strain O1F9704a and 1·0 % for strains K1F9705c and K1F9705bT. Moreover, all strains grew well at up to 8–12 % NaCl. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that these isolates are members of the genus Methanocalculus, but are distinct from Methanocalculus taiwanensis, Methanocalculus pumilus and Methanocalculus halotolerans, with sequence similarities of 98·4, 98·3 and 98·2 %, respectively. In addition, strain K1F9705bT possessed 85, 80, 37, 29 and 10 % DNA–DNA relatedness to strain K1F9705c, strain O1F9704a, M. pumilus, M. halotolerans and M. taiwanensis, respectively. Analysis of protein profiles and the M r of surface (S)-layer glycoprotein subunits showed that these three new isolates are closely related to, but distinct from, known Methanocalculus species. A novel species, Methanocalculus chunghsingensis sp. nov., is proposed for strains K1F9705bT, K1F9705c and O1F9704a. The type strain is K1F9705bT (=OCM 772T=DSM 14646T).
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JAŁOSZYŃSKI, PAWEŁ. "Taxonomic notes on the Cephenniini (Coleoptera, Scydmaenidae): Status of Coatesia Lea, Cephennomicrus Reitter, and Neseuthia Scott." Zootaxa 1696, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1696.1.2.
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Based on examination of its type species, Coatesia Lea is placed as a junior synonym of the nominotypical subgenus of Cephennodes Reitter. In order to avoid secondary homonymy with Cephennodes latus (Motschulsky), Coatesia lata Lea is replaced with Cephennodes leai nomen n. Neseuthia Scott is placed as a junior synonym of Cephennomicrus Reitter. Diagnostic characters of Cephennomicrus are discussed, and a world checklist of 50 species currently recognized as belonging to this genus is provided. The following new combinations are established for species formerly placed in Neseuthia: Cephennomicrus affouchensis (Franz), C. afiamalui (Franz), C. anderssoni (Franz), C. asperus (Franz), C. cactiformis (Jałoszyński & Hoshina), C. caledonicus (Franz), C. cordithorax (Scott), C. cornutus (Scott), C. crenatus (Scott), C. dugdalei (Franz), C. fijii (Franz), C. fujianus (Jałoszyński), C. gomyi (Franz), C. hobbiti (Jałoszyński & Hoshina), C. inconspicuus (King), C. japonigenus (Jałoszyński & Hoshina), C. lauensis (Franz), C. lordhowei (Franz), C. mauritiensis (Franz), C. minimus (Franz), C. minor (Scott), C. nomurai (Jałoszyński & Hoshina), C. okinawanus (Jałoszyński, S. Arai & K. Arai), C. perexiguus (Scott), C. perthi (Franz), C. politus (Scott), C. samoanus (Franz), C. sumatranus (Franz), C. taiwanensis (Jałoszyński), C. typicus (Scott), C. upoluensis (Franz), C. venuensis (Franz), C. vitiensis (Franz), and C. zimmermani (Franz). Cephennomicrus insularis nomen n. is proposed as a replacement name for C. suturalis (Franz) comb. n. (nec Besuchet); C. perpuncillum Reitter is corrected to C. perpunctillus, and Neseuthia sumatrensis Franz is treated as an incorrect original spelling. Based on examination of the type material, Cephennium raffrayi Schaufuss is transferred to Cephennomicrus. Lectotypes are designated for Coatesia lata and Neseuthia typica.
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Tamura, Tomohiko, Yuumi Ishida, Misa Otoguro, and Ken-ichiro Suzuki. "Amycolatopsis helveola sp. nov. and Amycolatopsis pigmentata sp. nov., isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 2629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.017871-0.
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Three short spore chain-forming actinomycete strains were isolated from soil samples collected from subtropical islands in Japan. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-A2pm), glutamic acid and alanine. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-9(H4), iso-C16 : 0 and 2-OH iso-C16 : 0 were the major cellular fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine was a component of the polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67–69 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the novel strains consistently formed a monophyletic cluster with Amycolatopsis taiwanensis. On the basis this polyphasic taxonomical study, it is proposed that the two new isolates represent two novel species: Amycolatopsis helveola (type strain TT00-43T=NBRC 103394T=KCTC 19329T) and Amycolatopsis pigmentata (type strain TT99-32T=NBRC 103392T=KCTC 19330T).
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Song, Lei, Fei Ren, Ying Huang, Xin Dai, and Yuguang Zhou. "Idiomarina indica sp. nov., isolated from seawater." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_7 (July 1, 2013): 2497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.046789-0.
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Two Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains SW104T and X07, were isolated from a seawater sample collected from the Indian Ocean. The strains grew at a temperature range of 12–50 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain SW104T were iso-C15 : 0 (41.2 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (15.2 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (11.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains SW104T and X07 were 49.8 and 49.5 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the new isolates were related to members of the genus Idiomarina , showing the highest similarity with Idiomarina taiwanensis PIT1T and Idiomarina maritima 908087T (96.1 and 95.9 %, respectively). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that strains SW104T and X07 should be described as representatives of a novel species of the genus Idiomarina , for which the name Idiomarina indica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW104T ( = CGMCC 1.10824T = JCM 18138T).
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Huang, Huiqin, Kunlian Mo, Yonghua Hu, Min Liu, Jun Zhu, Xiaoxiao Zou, and Shixiang Bao. "Microbulbifer harenosus sp. nov., an alginate-degrading bacterium isolated from coastal sand." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003945.
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A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with peritrichous flagella, designated strain HB161719T, was isolated from coastal sand collected from Tanmen Port in Hainan, PR China. The isolate was found to grow with 2–11 % (w/v) NaCl, at 15–45 °C and pH 6.0–10.0, with an optima of 2–3 % NaCl, 37 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that Q-8 was detected as the sole respiratory quinone and that iso-C15 : 0 and summed features 3, 8 and 9 were the major cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58.2 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed an affiliation with the genus Microbulbifer , sharing 98.7, 98.4, 97.8 and 97.8 % sequence similarities to the closest relatives of Microbulbifer okinawensis ABABA23T, Microbulbifer pacificus SPO729T, Microbulbifer taiwanensis CC-LN1-12T and Microbulbifer gwangyangensis GY2T, respectively. Low DNA–DNA hybridization values showed that it formed a distinct genomic species. The combined phenotypic and molecular features supported that strain HB161719T represents a novel species of the genus Microbulbifer , for which the name Microbulbifer harenosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HB161719T (=CGMCC 1.13584T=JCM 32688T).
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Song, Zhi-Man, Kai-Ling Wang, Qi Yin, Cheng-Chun Chen, and Ying Xu. "Algoriphagus kandeliae sp. nov., isolated from mangrove rhizosphere soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003954.
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Strain XY-J91T, a Gram-stain-negative, reddish orange, non-spore-forming and short-rod-shaped marine bacterium, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the mangrove plant Kandelia candel (L.) Druce in Mai Po Nature Reserve, Hong Kong. The strain showed growth at 15–50 °C (optimum 40 °C), at pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum 7.0–8.0) and with 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1–2 %). The only respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The G+C content of strain XY-J91T was 40.4 mol%. Strain XY-J91T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the type strains of Algoriphagus marincola SW-2T (96.66 %), Algoriphagus taiwanensis CC-PR-82T (96.21%), Algoriphagus ornithinivorans JC2052T (96.16%), Algoriphagus confluentis HJM-2T (95.73%) and Algoriphagus zhangzhouensis 12C11T (95.52 %). Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence presented, strain XY-J91T represents a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus , for which the name Algoriphagus kandeliae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XY-J91T (=MCCC 1K03612T=KCTC 72216T).
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Joung, Yochan, Beom-Il Lee, Heeyoung Kang, Haneul Kim, and Kiseong Joh. "Chitinimonas viridis sp. nov., isolated from a mesotrophic artificial lake." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_4 (April 1, 2014): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.055442-0.
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A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain HMD2169T, was isolated from a mesotrophic artificial lake in Korea. Strain HMD2169T grew in the presence of 0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 5–10 and at 20–37 °C. The predominant quinone of strain HMD2169T was ubiquinone (UQ)-8. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 59.8 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMD2169T was a representative of a lineage within the genus Chitinimonas . Strain HMD2169T was closely related to Chitinimonas taiwanensis (95.8 % sequence similarity) and Chitinimonas koreensis (94.6 %). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMD2169T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Chitinimonas , for which the name Chitinimonas viridis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain HMD2169T ( = KCTC 22839T = CECT 7703T).
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Jean, Wen Dar, Wung Yang Shieh, and Hsiu-Hui Chiu. "Pseudidiomarina taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from shallow coastal water of An-Ping Harbour, Taiwan, and emended description of the family Idiomarinaceae." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64048-0.
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Two strains of heterotrophic, aerobic, marine bacteria, designated strains PIT1T and PIT2, were isolated from sea-water samples collected at the shallow coastal region of An-Ping Harbour, Tainan, Taiwan. Both strains were Gram-negative. Cells grown in broth cultures were straight rods that were non-motile, lacking flagella. Both strains required NaCl for growth and exhibited optimal growth at 30–35 °C, 1–4 % NaCl and pH 8. They grew aerobically and were incapable of anaerobic growth by fermentation of glucose or other carbohydrates. Cellular fatty acids were predominantly iso-branched, with C15 : 0 iso and C17 : 0 iso representing the most abundant components. The DNA G+C contents of strains PIT1T and PIT2 were 49·3 and 48·6 mol%, respectively. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, together with data from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization, revealed that the two isolates could be assigned to a novel genus in the family Idiomarinaceae, for which the name Pseudidiomarina gen. nov. is proposed. Pseudidiomarina taiwanensis sp. nov. is the type species of the novel genus (type strain PIT1T=BCRC 17465T=JCM 13360T).
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Weng, Chieh-Yin, Sheng-Chung Chen, Mei-Chin Lai, Sue-Yao Wu, Saulwood Lin, Tsanyao F. Yang, and Po-Chun Chen. "Methanoculleus taiwanensis sp. nov., a methanogen isolated from deep marine sediment at the deformation front area near Taiwan." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_3 (March 1, 2015): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000062.
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A mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, strain CYW4T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment obtained by the Ocean Researcher I cruiser, ORI-961, in 2011. The sediment was from the deformation front area offshore of south-western Taiwan. Here, seismic reflections indicated that methane hydrates were abundant. The methanogenic substrates utilized by strain CYW4T were formate and H2/CO2, but not acetate, secondary alcohols, methylamines, methanol and ethanol. Cells of strain CYW4T were non-motile, irregular cocci and 0.6–1.5 µm in diameter. The S-layer protein had an M r of 112 000. The optimum growth conditions were at 37 °C, pH 8.1 and 0.08 M NaCl. Growth of the strain was stimulated by acetate. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of strain CYW4T was 61 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain CYW4T was most closely related to Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1T (96.82 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Based on the morphological, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics presented here, it is evident that strain CYW4T represents a novel species of the genus Methanoculleus , and the name Methanoculleus taiwanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CYW4T ( = BCRC AR10043T = NBRC 110782T). The optical density of cultures of strain CYW4T dropped abruptly upon entering the stationary growth phase. During this time numerous particles of approximately 50 nm in diameter were observed on and around the cells. This suggests that strain CYW4T harbours a lytic virus that is induced in the stationary phase, which is of interest because only a few lytic viruses have been reported in methanogens.
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Park, Seong Chan, Chae Hong Lim, Keun Sik Baik, Kang Hyun Lee, Jung-Sook Lee, and Chi Nam Seong. "Pseudidiomarina aestuarii sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from shallow coastal seawater." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 2071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.018051-0.
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A non-motile, rod-shaped and aerobic marine bacterium, designated strain KYW314T, was isolated from seawater collected from the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive and had proteolytic activity. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (17.2 %), C16 : 0 (11.1 %), iso-C17 : 0 (10.5 %) and C18 : 1 ω7c (10.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 56.4 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KYW314T formed a lineage within the genus Pseudidiomarina (95.4–97.3 % sequence similarity) and a distinct branch within the clade containing Pseudidiomarina taiwanensis PIT1T and Pseudidiomarina sediminum c121T. Phenotypic characteristics could distinguish strain KYW314T from members of the genus Pseudidiomarina. On the basis of the data presented, strain KYW314T represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudidiomarina aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW314T (=KCTC 22740T =JCM 16344T).
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Hu, Zong-Yun, and Yun Li. "Pseudidiomarina sediminum sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal sediments of Luoyuan Bay in China." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 2572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.65199-0.
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A strain of heterotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, marine bacterium, designated strain c121T, was isolated from coastal sediment of Luoyuan Bay, in Fujian province, PR China. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed an affiliation with the genus Pseudidiomarina; the sequence similarity between c121T and Pseudidiomarina taiwanensis PIT1T was 97 %. Cells of the novel strain were non-pigmented, Gram-negative rods, 0.3 μm wide and 1.2–1.8 μm long. Cells grown in broth cultures were non-motile, lacking flagella. Growth of the strain was observed at salinities ranging from 0.5 to 15 % NaCl, and the optimal concentration was about 1–8 %. The temperature range for growth was rather broad and was high for a marine bacterium: the strain grew at 13–42 °C, showed good growth at 20–40 °C and had an optimum between 30 and 40 °C. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (24.2 %), C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (15.3 %) and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c (11.9 %). The DNA G+C content was 50.0 mol%. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, together with data from phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization, revealed that strain c121T could be classified within a novel species of the genus Pseudidiomarina, for which the name Pseudidiomarina sediminum sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain c121T (=CICC 10319T =LMG 24046T).
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Siripornadulsil, Surasak, Lalita Thanwisai, and Wilailak Siripornadulsil. "Changes in the proteome of the cadmium-tolerant bacteria Cupriavidus taiwanensis KKU2500-3 in response to cadmium toxicity." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 3 (March 2014): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2013-0713.
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Cupriavidus taiwanensis KKU2500-3 is a cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterial strain that was previously isolated from rice fields contaminated with high levels of Cd. In 500 μmol/L CdCl2, the KKU2500-3 strain grew slower and with a more prolonged lag-phase than when grown in the absence of Cd. A proteomic approach was used to characterize the protein expression in the Cd-tolerant bacteria C. taiwanensis KKU2500-3 during growth under Cd stress. When compared with the untreated cells, a total of 982 differentially expressed protein spots were observed in the CdCl2-treated cells, and 59 and 10 spots exhibited >2- and >4-fold changes, respectively. The level of up- and downregulation varied from 2.01- to 11.26-fold and from 2.01- to 5.34-fold, respectively. Of the 33 differentially expressed protein spots analyzed by MALDI TOF MS/MS, 19 spots were successfully identified, many of which were involved in stress responses. The most highly upregulated protein (+7.95-fold) identified was the chaperone GroEL, which indicated that this factor likely contributed to the bacterial survival and growth in response to Cd toxicity. Detection of the downregulated protein flagellin (–3.52-fold) was consistent with the less effective ATP-mediated and flagella-driven motility. The flagella-losing cells were also observed in the Cd-treated bacteria when analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Thus, the Cd-stressed cells may downregulate pathways involving ATP utilization in favor of other mechanisms in response to Cd toxicity. When the KKU2500-3 strain was grown in the presence of Cd, H2S was not detected, suggesting a possible role of the sulfur in precipitation with Cd. Apart from a general response, no specific process could be determined using the present proteomic approach. However, the potential role of protein folding-mediated GroEL, flagella-mediated motility and CdS biotransformation in Cd toxicity response observed in this study as well as the extent of Cd-tolerant mechanisms using other methods could facilitate the future application of this strain in addressing Cd environmental contamination.
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Zhang, Xin-Qi, Wen-Jie Zhang, Bo-Ping Wei, Xue-Wei Xu, Xu-Fen Zhu, and Min Wu. "Meiothermus cateniformans sp. nov., a slightly thermophilic species from north-eastern China." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.007914-0.
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Two aerobic, non-motile and non-sporulating bacteria, strains LY1T and L462, were recovered from a hot spring located in the Qianshan area of north-eastern China. The novel strains had Gram-negative cell walls and grew at 30–66 °C (optimum 55–60 °C) and pH 5.5–10.0 (optimum pH 8.0–8.5).16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis revealed that strains LY1T and L462 were most closely related to Meiothermus ruber ATCC 35948T, M. taiwanensis WR-30T and M. cerbereus GY-1T, with 97.1–98.4 % sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new isolates represented a novel species by forming a distinctive lineage within genus Meiothermus, which was confirmed by DNA–DNA reassociation values. Strain LY1T was obviously different from its closest relatives in a number of phenotypic characteristics, such as the inability to hydrolyse casein or to assimilate melibiose, trehalose, sucrose and lactose. Strain L462 was distinct in its ability to reduce nitrate. In addition, the novel strains were distinct in having larger amounts of anteiso-C17 : 0 than their closest phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of this polyphasic taxonomic characterization, the name Meiothermus cateniformans sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species, currently represented by the type strain LY1T (=CGMCC 1.6990T =JCM 15151T) and strain L462 (=CGMCC 1.6989 =JCM 15150).
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BEAVER, R. A., and L. Y. LIU. "An annotated synopsis of Taiwanese bark and ambrosia beetles, with new synonymy, new combinations and new records (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." Zootaxa 2602, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2602.1.1.
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The state of knowledge of Taiwanese bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is summarised to serve as a baseline for future studies of the fauna, with a checklist including information on distribution, host trees, biology and taxonomy. Six faunal elements based on geographical distribution are discussed in relation to their breeding sites and habits, and host preferences. One hundred and thirty-three species are recorded from Taiwan, of which thirtyeight are recorded for the first time. The following new synonymy is proposed: Ambrosiodmus lewisi (Blandford) (= Ozopemon tuberculatus Strohmeyer n. syn.), Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn) (= Xyleborus taiwanensis Browne n. syn.), Cyclorhipidion fukiensis (Eggers) (= Xyleborus tenuigraphus Schedl n. syn.), Cyrtogenius luteus (Blandford) (=Orosiotes formosanus Schedl n. syn.), Diuncus haberkorni (Eggers) (=Xyleborus taichuensis Schedl n. syn.) , Dryocoetes hectographus Reitter (=Ozopemon ater Eggers n. syn., =Dryocoetes formosanus Nobuchi n. syn.), Hypothenemus taihokuensis (Schedl) (=Hypothenemus cosmoderoides Murayama n. syn.), Xyleborinus artestriatus (Eichhoff) (= Xyleborus beaveri Browne n. syn.), Xyleborus pinicola Eggers (= Xyleborus pinivorus Browne n. syn.). The synonymy of Webbia camphorae Eggers and Webbia medius Eggers with Arixyleborus rugosipes Hopkins is confirmed. The following new combinations are given: Ernoporus formosanus (Browne) from Ptilopodius Hopkins; Ambrosiophilus hunanensis (Browne), A.metanepotulus (Eggers), A. satoi (Schedl), A. subnepotulus (Eggers), Cyclorhipidion formosanus (Browne), C. fukiensis (Eggers), C. ohnoi (Browne), C. xyloteroides (Schedl), Microperus kirishimanus (Murayama), Planiculus minutus (Blandford), all originally described in Xyleborus Eichhoff. Previous records of 23 species are considered dubious and require confirmation.
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Li, Yi, Hong Zhu, Qiliang Lai, Xueqian Lei, Zhangran Chen, Huajun Zhang, Yun Tian, Wei Zheng, and Tianling Zheng. "Chitinimonas prasina sp. nov., isolated from lake water." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_9 (September 1, 2014): 3005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.061234-0.
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A Gram-stain-negative, elongated rod-shaped, motile by gliding, green-pigmented, aerobic bacterial strain, designated LY03T, was isolated from lake water in Xiamen, Fujian Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolate was a member of the genus Chitinimonas , which belongs to the family Burkholderiaceae . Strain LY03T was most closely related to Chitinimonas taiwanensis LMG 22011T (96.02 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by Chitinimonas koreensis KACC 11467T (94.85 %), and the three strains formed a distinct lineage from other strains in the phylogenetic analyses. Optimum conditions for growth were 37 °C, pH 7–9 and without NaCl. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), C16 : 0 and C10 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content of strain LY03T was 63.6 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The polar lipids were found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown polar lipids and unidentified phospholipids. Differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness distinguished strain LY03T from all other members of the genus Chitinimonas . On the basis of its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain LY03T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinimonas , for which the name Chitinimonas prasina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LY03T ( = MCCC 1F01209T = KCTC 32574T).
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Monchy, Sébastien, Mohammed A. Benotmane, Paul Janssen, Tatiana Vallaeys, Safiyh Taghavi, Daniel van der Lelie, and Max Mergeay. "Plasmids pMOL28 and pMOL30 of Cupriavidus metallidurans Are Specialized in the Maximal Viable Response to Heavy Metals." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 20 (August 3, 2007): 7417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00375-07.
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ABSTRACT We fully annotated two large plasmids, pMOL28 (164 open reading frames [ORFs]; 171,459 bp) and pMOL30 (247 ORFs; 233,720 bp), in the genome of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34. pMOL28 contains a backbone of maintenance and transfer genes resembling those found in plasmid pSym of C. taiwanensis and plasmid pHG1 of C. eutrophus, suggesting that they belong to a new class of plasmids. Genes involved in resistance to the heavy metals Co(II), Cr(VI), Hg(II), and Ni(II) are concentrated in a 34-kb region on pMOL28, and genes involved in resistance to Ag(I), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) occur in a 132-kb region on pMOL30. We identified three putative genomic islands containing metal resistance operons flanked by mobile genetic elements, one on pMOL28 and two on pMOL30. Transcriptomic analysis using quantitative PCR and microarrays revealed metal-mediated up-regulation of 83 genes on pMOL28 and 143 genes on pMOL30 that coded for all known heavy metal resistance proteins, some new heavy metal resistance proteins (czcJ, mmrQ, and pbrU), membrane proteins, truncated transposases, conjugative transfer proteins, and many unknown proteins. Five genes on each plasmid were down-regulated; for one of them, chrI localized on pMOL28, the down-regulation occurred in the presence of five cations. We observed multiple cross-responses (induction of specific metal resistance by other metals), suggesting that the cellular defense of C. metallidurans against heavy metal stress involves various regulons and probably has multiple stages, including a more general response and a more metal-specific response.
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Lee, Soo-Young, Sooyeon Park, Tae-Kwang Oh, and Jung-Hoon Yoon. "Kangiella sediminilitoris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_3 (March 1, 2013): 1001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.040691-0.
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A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, BB-Mw22T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment of the South Sea in South Korea. It grew optimally at 30–37 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BB-Mw22T belonged to the genus Kangiella and the cluster comprising Kangiella species and strain BB-Mw22T was clearly separated from other taxa. Strain BB-Mw22T exhibited 95.3–98.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of recognized Kangiella species. Strain BB-Mw22T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquionone and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and one unidentified aminolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain BB-Mw22T was 48.9 mol%, and its mean DNA–DNA hybridization values with Kangiella geojedonensis YCS-5T, Kangiella japonica JCM 16211T and Kangiella taiwanensis JCM 17727T were 14–28 %. Phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and differential phenotypic properties revealed that strain BB-Mw22T is distinguishable from all recognized Kangiella species. On the basis of the data presented, strain BB-Mw22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Kangiella , for which the name Kangiella sediminilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BB-Mw22T ( = KCTC 23892T = CCUG 62217T).
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Vaneechoutte, Mario, Peter Kämpfer, Thierry De Baere, Enevold Falsen, and Gerda Verschraegen. "Wautersia gen. nov., a novel genus accommodating the phylogenetic lineage including Ralstonia eutropha and related species, and proposal of Ralstonia [Pseudomonas] syzygii (Roberts et al. 1990) comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02754-0.
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Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicates that two distinct sublineages, with a sequence dissimilarity of >4 % (bootstrap value, 100 %), exist within the genus Ralstonia: the Ralstonia eutropha lineage, which comprises Ralstonia basilensis, Ralstonia campinensis, R. eutropha, Ralstonia gilardii, Ralstonia metallidurans, Ralstonia oxalatica, Ralstonia paucula, Ralstonia respiraculi and Ralstonia taiwanensis; and the Ralstonia pickettii lineage, which comprises Ralstonia insidiosa, Ralstonia mannitolilytica, R. pickettii, Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia syzygii comb. nov. (previously Pseudomonas syzygii). This phylogenetic discrimination is supported by phenotypic differences. Members of the R. eutropha lineage have peritrichous flagella, do not produce acids from glucose and are susceptible to colistin, in contrast to members of the R. pickettii lineage, which have one or more polar flagella, produce acid from several carbohydrates and are colistin-resistant. Members of the R. pickettii lineage are viable for up to 6 days on tryptic soy agar at 25 °C, whereas members of the R. eutropha lineage are viable for longer than 9 days. It is proposed that species of the R. eutropha lineage should be classified in a novel genus, Wautersia gen. nov. Finally, based on the literature and new DNA–DNA hybridization data, it is proposed that Pseudomonas syzygii should be renamed Ralstonia syzygii comb. nov.
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Raposo, Pedro, Tomeu Viver, Luciana Albuquerque, Hugo Froufe, Cristina Barroso, Conceição Egas, Ramon Rosselló-Móra, and Milton S. da Costa. "Transfer of Meiothermus chliarophilus (Tenreiro et al.1995) Nobre et al. 1996, Meiothermus roseus Ming et al. 2016, Meiothermus terrae Yu et al. 2014 and Meiothermus timidus Pires et al. 2005, to Calidithermus gen. nov., as Calidithermus chliarophilus comb. nov., Calidithermus roseus comb. nov., Calidithermus terrae comb. nov. and Calidithermus timidus comb. nov., respectively, and emended description of the genus Meiothermus." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1060–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003270.
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Chemotaxonomic parameters, phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, phylogenetic analysis of 90 housekeeping genes and 855 core genes, amino acid identity (AAI), average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genomic characteristics were used to examine the 13 species of the genus Meiothermus with validly published names to reclassify this genus. The results indicate that the species of the genus Meiothermus can be divided into three lineages on the basis of the results of the phylogenetic analysis, AAI, the guanine+cytosine (G+C) mole ratio, the ability to synthesize the red-pigmented carotenoid canthaxanthin and the colony colour, as well as other genomic characteristics. The results presented in this study circumscribe the genus Meiothermus to the species Meithermus ruber, Meiothermus cateniformans, Meiothermus taiwanensis, Meiothermus cerbereus, Meiothermus hypogaeus, Meiothermus luteus, Meiothermus rufus and Meiothermus granaticius, for which it is necessary to emend the genus Meiothermus . The species Meiothermus silvanus, which clearly represents a separate genus level lineage was not reclassified in this study for lack of any distinctive phenotypic or genotypic characteristics. The results of this study led us to reclassify the species Meiothermus chliarophilus, Meiothermus timidus, Meiothermus roseus and Meiothermus terrae as species of a novel genus for which we propose the epithet Calidithermus gen. nov.
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Toro, Marcia, Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena, Maria José Cuesta, Encarna Velázquez, and Alvaro Peix. "Pseudomonas guariconensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_12 (December 1, 2013): 4413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.051193-0.
Full textAbstract:
We isolated a bacterial strain designated PCAVU11T in the course of a study of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria occurring in rhizospheric soil of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. in Guárico state, Venezuela. The 16S rRNA gene sequence had 99.2 % sequence similarity with respect to the most closely related species, Pseudomonas taiwanensis , and 99.1 % with respect to Pseudomonas entomophila , Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and Pseudomonas monteilii , on the basis of which PCAVU11T was classified as representing a member of the genus Pseudomonas . Analysis of the housekeeping genes rpoB, rpoD and gyrB confirmed the phylogenetic affiliation and showed sequence similarities lower than 95 % in all cases with respect to the above-mentioned closest relatives. Strain PCAVU11T showed two polar flagella. The respiratory quinone was Q9. The major fatty acids were 16 : 0 (25.7 %), 18 : 1ω7c (20.4 %), 17 : 0 cyclo (11.5 %) and 16 : 1ω7c/15 : 0 iso 2-OH in summed feature 3 (10.8 %). The strain was oxidase-, catalase- and urease-positive, the arginine dihydrolase system was present but nitrate reduction, β-galactosidase production and aesculin hydrolysis were negative. Strain PCAVU11T grew at 44 °C and at pH 10. The DNA G+C content was 61.5 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization results showed values lower than 56 % relatedness with respect to the type strains of the four most closely related species. Therefore, the results of genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses support the classification of strain PCAVU11T as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas , which we propose to name Pseudomonas guariconensis sp. nov. The type strain is PCAVU11T ( = LMG 27394T = CECT 8262T).
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Urazova, Maira, Kunsulu Zakarya, Zinigul Sarmurzina, Gulmira Bissenova, Gulyaim Abitayeva, Alexandr Shevtsov, Zhanar Tekebayeva, and Akhan Abzhalelov. "Diversity and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) intestine in winter (Northern Kazakhstan)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya, no. 52 (2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988591/52/2.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, in Kazakhstan, chemical agents and antibiotics are widely used for treatment and prevention of fish diseases at fish farms. The use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics can help reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance in this area. The aim of the present study was to isolate the intestinal lactic acid bacteria of wintering carps. We assume that such bacteria can have more adaptive properties and can be used as probiotics for growing carp juveniles at fish farms. A probiotic characteristic of 22 lactic acid bacteria isolated from Common carp intestines was studied. Universal primers were used to determine the sequence of 16S rRNA gene fragments of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Phylogenetic relationships of the isolates were estimated using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method in Mega 6,0. All identified isolates can grow in temperature range from 10° C to 37° C and in presence of bile salt. The isolated bacteria were screened for antibacterial activity, resistance to bile, resistance to antibiotics and growth at low temperatures. All isolates were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of Shewanella xiamenensis, Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Ps. aeruginosa and Aeromonas punctata. As a result, 7 isolates with strong antagonistic activity were selected. 16S rDNA gene sequencing identified 4 isolates as Lactobacillus fermentum, 2 - as L. casei/paracasei and 1 - as Pediococcus pentosaceus. Antibiotic resistance profile of selected strains was studied, too. This study is the first attempt for Kazakhstan to isolate and study the representatives of the normal intestinal microflora of commercial fish species. Selective strains could be potential probiotics for freshwater aquaculture practices in Kazakhstan.
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Saha, P., S. Krishnamurthi, S. Mayilraj, G. S. Prasad, T. C. Bora, and T. Chakrabarti. "Aquimonas voraii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel gammaproteobacterium isolated from a warm spring of Assam, India." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 1491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63552-0.
Full textAbstract:
A bacterial strain designated GPTSA 20T, which was isolated from a warm spring in Assam, India, was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The cells were Gram-negative, aerobic rods, which could not utilize or produce acid from most of the carbohydrates tested. The predominant fatty acids were C15 : 0 iso (25·04 %), C17 : 1 iso ω9c (19·28 %), C16 : 0 iso (17·73 %) and C11 : 0 iso 3-OH (9·34 %). The G+C content was 75 mol%. From 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (1433 nucleotides, continuous stretch), it was confirmed that strain GPTSA 20T belonged to the class ‘Gammaproteobacteria’. The closest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity found (98·2 %) was with an uncultured bacterium clone, NB-03 (accession no. AB117707), from an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm. Among culturable bacteria, the closest sequence similarities were with Fulvimonas soli (93·0 %), Silanimonas lenta (92·8 %), Thermomonas hydrothermalis (92·4 %), Frateuria aurantia (91·9 %), Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus (91·9 %), Thermomonas haemolytica (91·9 %) and Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis (91·8 %); similarities of less than 91·8 % were obtained with other members of the class ‘Gammaproteobacteria’. From the biochemical, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, it was clear that strain GPTSA 20T was quite different from members of known genera of the class ‘Gammaproteobacteria’. Therefore, it is proposed that strain GPTSA 20T represents a novel species within a new genus, with the name Aquimonas voraii gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is GPTSA 20T (=MTCC 6713T=JCM 12896T).