Journal articles: 'C.T. Nelson Co'

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Moogk, Duane, Vivian Lau, Arya Afsahi, Anna Dvorkin-Gheva, Ksenia Bezverbnaya, Joanne Hammill, and Jonathan Bramson. "94 The T cell antigen coupler (TAC) redirects T cell oncolysis while limiting tonic signaling to create a safer engineered T cell product with a higher threshold for activation." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0094.

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BackgroundThe T cell Antigen Couper (TAC) is a chimeric receptor that redirects the endogenous T cell receptor (TCR) against a tumor target via an extracellular antigen-binding domain to induce activation and oncolysis. TAC-engineered T cells (TAC-T cells) showed a similar capacity to activate T cells against the tumor-associated antigen HER2 as their classical chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered counterparts in vitro. However, in a xenograft model, anti-HER2 CAR-T cells gave rise to lethal off-target toxicity while TAC-T cells were efficacious and well-tolerated, despite utilizing the same antigen-binding domain.1 2 Here, we describe differences in T cell activation by TAC (canonical via endogenous TCR) and CAR (non-canonical independent of TCR) that make CAR-T cells less discriminate towards an off-target stimulus than TAC-T cells.MethodsPaired sets of TAC- and CAR-engineered human T cells, utilizing a variety of antigen-binding domains, were compared in vitro to determine their propensity for tonic signaling and requirements for triggering T cell activation.ResultsTranscriptional profiling of CAR- and TAC- T cells in the absence of antigenic stimulus revealed an elevated basal activation status in CAR-T cells. Unstimulated CAR-T cells displayed elevated expression levels of activation and exhaustion markers, as well as basal cytokine production, versus their TAC-T cell counterparts. The degree of basal activation varied with the binding domain incorporated into the CAR, where some binding domains triggered functional exhaustion. Regardless of the binding domain, unstimulated TAC-T cells were indistinguishable from control T cells that expressed no synthetic receptor. Further, TAC-T cells displayed no evidence of functional exhaustion. TCR knock-out studies confirmed that TAC receptors signal via the endogenous TCR, whereas CAR signaling is TCR-independent. Consistent with TCR-dependent signaling, ligation of TAC receptors resulted in the formation of conventional immunological synapses, whereas ligation of CARs produced unconventional synapses. Despite these functional differences, CARs and TAC receptors demonstrated a similar capacity to activate T cells against antigen-positive tumor cell targets. However, CAR-T cells displayed reactivity to antigen-negative cells, due to interaction with a cross-reactive antigen; TAC-T cells displayed no reactivity to antigen-negative cells.ConclusionsTonic signaling in CAR-T cells reduces their activation threshold and increases their propensity to be activated by cross-reactive antigen. In contrast, TAC receptors do not deliver tonic signals, which increases the stringency of activation and reduces the likelihood of off-target responses. This feature of the TAC platform is advantageous to safeguard against the unexpected cross-reactivity that may occur when a new antigen-binding domain is deployed in vivo.Ethics ApprovalUse of human materials was approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (HiREB).ReferencesHelsen C, Hammill JA, Lau VWC, Mwawasi KA, Afsahi A, Bezverbnaya K, Newhook L, Hayes DL, Aarts C, Bojovic B, Denisova GF, Kwiecien JM, Brain I, Derocher H, Milne K, Nelson BH, Bramson JL. The chimeric TAC receptor co-opts the T cell receptor yielding robust anti-tumor activity without toxicity. Nat Commun 2018;9:3049.Hammill JA, Kwiecien JM, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Lau VWC, Baker C, Wu Y, Bezverbnaya K, Aarts C, Helsen CW, Denisova GF, Derocher H, Milne K, Nelson BH, Bramson JL. A cross-reactive small protein binding domain provides a model to study off-tumor CAR-T cell toxicity. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020;17:278–292.

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Miller, Dean, Matthew Liu, and William Abraham Tarpeh. "Evaluating Molecular Catalyst-Mediated Nitrate Reduction for Reactive Separation and Recovery of Ammonia." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 40 (July 7, 2022): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01401799mtgabs.

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The current state of centralized nitrogen (N) management has destabilized global environmental cycles via Haber-Bosch (HB) ammonia-N manufacturing which contributes 1.2% of global anthropogenic CO2-eq emissions.1 The majority of this N that is discharged to wastewaters goes untreated, leading to harmful algal blooms that threaten coastal and river ecosystems, which already costs the U.S. an estimated $210 billion per year in health and environmental damages.2 Furthermore, the production of HB ammonia, and the subsequent discharge of wastewater nitrogen, is expected to substantially increase in the next three decades as the human population climbs to 9 billion people.3 Simultaneously removing nitrogen pollutants and recovering value-added products can preserve national water quality and supplement supply chains of nitrogen consumables with renewably sourced electricity. The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) can be leveraged in reactive separation processes to convert wastewater nitrates to commodity products, such as ammonia. Engineering catalytic NO3RR processes that operate at feasible rates and faradaic efficiencies is challenging because the majority of nitrate-rich wastewaters (e.g., fertilizer runoff) are dilute in nitrate concentration (< 5 mM).4 Molecular catalysts are uniquely suited to reduce nitrate at low concentrations in real wastewaters due to their strong substrate recognition (reactant selectivity) and product selectivity. In this study, we benchmarked the performance of the molecular catalyst Co-DIM (a Co-N4 macrocycle complex and the only known molecular NO3RR catalyst selective for ammonia5) in a reactive separations process for the treatment of real, nitrate-rich wastewaters. We first demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and controlled-potential electrolysis (CPE) that selective Co-DIM-mediated NO3RR is feasible in nitrate-rich secondary effluent (municipal wastewater after biological nitrification). We then employed Co-DIM in electrochemical stripping (ECS): a membrane-separated cell that facilitates reactive separation of produced ammonia.6,7 From real secondary effluent (28 mg NO3-N/L), we achieved greater than 60% nitrate removal with a faradaic efficiency of 25% and ammonia selectivity of 98%. However, the energy consumed for ECS per unit mass of N is 16 times the combined energy requirement for conventional wastewater N removal and HB ammonia synthesis. By introducing a mixed feed of ammonia- and nitrate-rich wastewater and performing electrodialysis (ED) to concentrate the reactant nitrate before ECS, the energy requirement for N removal and ammonia recovery was decreased by three times while the ED process became the dominant energy consumer in the overall process. Additionally, the increase in nitrate removal could not be explained by an increase in nitrate concentration alone. The ED process changes the concentrations and relative ratios of competing anions and buffering species, which can inhibit or promote the molecular electrocatalytic activity. We therefore explored a matrix of anion identities and concentrations by rotating-disk voltammetry and CPE to elucidate plausible inhibition and promotion mechanisms associated with catalyst activation and NO3RR catalysis. This study therefore (1) benchmarks current and future efforts to reactively separate ammonia from real nitrate-rich wastewater with a molecular catalyst and (2) highlights molecular and process-level improvements to realize a circular nitrogen economy. References 1 C. Smith, A. K. Hill and L. Torrente-Murciano, Energy Environ. Sci., 2020, 13, 331–344. 2 D. J. Sobota, J. E. Compton, M. L. McCrackin and S. Singh, Environ. Res. Lett., 2015, 10, 025006. 3 J. W. Erisman, M. A. Sutton, J. Galloway, Z. Klimont and W. Winiwarter, Nature Geoscience, 2008, 1, 636–639. 4 Unesco, Ed., Wastewater: the untapped resource, UNESCO, Paris, 2017. 5 S. Xu, D. C. Ashley, H.-Y. Kwon, G. R. Ware, C.-H. Chen, Y. Losovyj, X. Gao, E. Jakubikova and J. M. Smith, Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 4950–4958. 6 W. A. Tarpeh, J. M. Barazesh, T. Y. Cath and K. L. Nelson, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2018, 52, 1453–1460. 7 M. J. Liu, B. S. Neo and W. A. Tarpeh, Water Research, 2020, 169, 115226.

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Lowery, Frank, Sri Krishna, Rami Yoseph, Neilesh Parikh, Praveen Chatani, Yong-Chen William Lu, Nikolaos Zacharakis, Paul Robbins, Maria Parkhurst, and Steven Rosenberg. "651 Molecular signature of neoantigen-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from metastatic human cancers enables prospective antitumor TCR prediction." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (November 2021): A680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.651.

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BackgroundAutologous patient T cells engineered to express antitumor T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been effective for the treatment of certain cancer types,1–4 and tumor neoantigens encoded by cancer-specific mutations have emerged as major targets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and in adoptive cell therapy (ACT).5–9 However, only a minority of intratumoral T cells are reactive to cancer antigens while the majority represent bystander cells.10–12 Conventional approaches to isolate tumor-reactive T cells and identify their TCRs from tumors rely on T cell function and can be impaired due to T cell exhaustion and dysfunction.13 14MethodsWe performed single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing (scRNA/TCR-seq) on over 46,000 T cells isolated from eleven archival metastatic tumor samples whose primary cancer types included colon, rectal, breast, anal, and melanoma. From these samples, 15 CD8+ and 17 CD4+ neoantigen-reactive TCR clonotypes (NeoTCRs) were known. We then performed transcriptomic clustering of these cells and mapped known NeoTCR clonotypes onto the transcriptomic map. Subsequently we predicted NeoTCRs from prospective metastatic colon cancer samples based on their presence within clusters sharing gene expression with NeoTCR+ clusters in the archival samples.ResultsProjecting known NeoTCRs onto the TIL transcriptomic map, we observed 325 total T cells bearing these NeoTCRs, and the majority (>80%) of NeoTCRs were expressed by T cells within 2 clusters, one CD4+ and one CD8+, that included by expression of CXCL13, ENTPD1 (CD39), TOX, TIGIT, LAG3, and PDCD1 (PD-1), indicating a dysfunctional state. Reasoning that T cells sharing phenotypes with those within the NeoTCR clusters could be novel NeoTCRs, we developed gene signatures (NeoTCR4 and NeoTCR8) of CD4 and CD8 NeoTCR+ cells, respectively, and four prospective patients' TIL were analyzed by scRNA/TCR-seq and scored according to NeoTCR signatures. We expressed predicted NeoTCRs in healthy donor PBL and screened them with antigen presenting cells (APCs) expressing candidate neoantigens. 33/73 predicted NeoTCRs (including both CD4 and CD8) were reactive against patients' tumors or candidate neoantigens.ConclusionsThis study enabled successful detection of tumor-specific NeoTCRs in the sequenced TIL of 14/14 patients for whom reactivity was studied. Deconvolution of NeoTCRs from bystander TCRs within the tumor-immune microenvironment represents an important step in the development of personalized immunotherapeutics, and prospective NeoTCR isolation based on TIL transcriptional phenotypes will allow for rapid development of personalized immunotherapy in the form of lymphocytes expressing these tumor-specific TCRs.AcknowledgementsWe thank the Surgery Branch TIL Laboratory and clinical team for generating TIL, and patients enrolled in our clinical protocols. Support from CCR Single Cell Analysis Facility was funded by FNLCR Contract HHSN261200800001E. This work utilized the computational resources of the NIH HPC Biowulf cluster (http://hpc.nih.gov). We also thank NIDAP for providing additional computational support and the CCR Genomics Core for next-generation sequencing supportReferencesRobbins PF, Morgan RA, Feldman SA, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Nahvi AV, Helman LJ, Mackall CL, Kammula US, Hughes MS, Restifo NP, Raffeld M, Lee CCR, Levy CL, Li YF, El-Gamil M, Schwarz SL, Laurencot C, Rosenberg SA.Tumor regression in patients with metastatic synovial cell sarcoma and melanoma using genetically engineered lymphocytes reactive with NY-ESO-1. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:917–924.Morgan RA, Dudley ME, Wunderlich JR, Hughes MS, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Royal RE, Topalian SL, Kammula US, Restifo NP, Zheng Z, Nahvi A, de Vries CR, Rogers-Freezer LJ, Mavroukakis SA, Rosenberg SA. Cancer regression in patients after transfer of genetically engineered lymphocytes. Science 2006;314:126–129.June CH, Sadelain M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy. N Engl J Med 2018;379:64–73.Kochenderfer JN, Yu Z, Frasheri D, Restifo NP, Rosenberg SA. Adoptive transfer of syngeneic T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes murine CD19 can eradicate lymphoma and normal B cells. Blood 2010;116:3875–3886.Tran E, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA, “Final common pathway” of human cancer immunotherapy: targeting random somatic mutations. Nat Immunol 2017;18:255–262.Robbins PF, Lu YC, El-Gamil M, Li YF, Gross C, Gartner J, Lin JC, Teer JK, Cliften P, Tycksen E, Samuels Y, Rosenberg SA, Mining exomic sequencing data to identify mutated antigens recognized by adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells. Nat Med 2013;19:747–752.Parkhurst MR, Robbins PF, Tran E, Prickett TD, Gartner JJ, Jia L, Ivey G, Li YF, El-Gamil M, Lalani A, Crystal JS, Sachs A, Groh E, Ray S, Ngo LT, Kivitz S, Pasetto A, Yossef R, Lowery FJ, Goff SL, Lo W, Cafri G, Deniger DC, Malekzadeh P, Ahmadzadeh M, Wunderlich JR, Somerville RPT, Rosenberg SA. Unique Neoantigens Arise from Somatic Mutations in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancer Discov 2019;9:1022–1035.Gubin MM, Zhang X, Schuster H, Caron E, Ward JP, Noguchi T, Ivanova Y, Hundal J, Arthur CD, Krebber WJ, Mulder GE, Toebes M, Vesely MD, Lam SSK, Korman AJ, Allison JP, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, Pearce EL, Schumacher TN, Aebersold R, Rammensee HG, Melief CJM, Mardis ER, Gillanders WE, Artyomov MN, Schreiber RD. Checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy targets tumour-specific mutant antigens. Nature 2014;515:577–581.van Rooij N, van Buuren MM, Philips D, Velds A, Toebes M, Heemskerk B, van Dijk LJA, Behjati S, Hilkmann H, el Atmioui D, Nieuwland M, Stratton MR, Kerkhoven RM, Keşmir C, Haanen JB, Kvistborg P, Schumacher TN. Tumor Exome Analysis Reveals Neoantigen-Specific T-Cell Reactivity in an Ipilimumab-Responsive Melanoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013;31:e439–e442.Duhen T, Duhen R, Montler R, Moses J, Moudgil T, de Miranda NF, Goodall CP, Blair TC, Fox BA, McDermott JE, Chang SC, Grunkemeier G, Leidner R, Bell RB, Weinberg AD. Co-expression of CD39 and CD103 identifies tumor-reactive CD8 T cells in human solid tumors. Nat Commun 2018;9:2724.Simoni Y, Becht E, Fehlings M, Loh CY, Koo SL, Teng KWW, Yeong JPS, Nahar R, Zhang T, Kared H, Duan K, Ang N, Poidinger M, Lee YY, Larbi A, Khng AJ, Tan E, Fu C, Mathew R, Teo M, Lim WT, Toh CK, Ong BH, Koh T, Hillmer AM, Takano A, Lim TKH, Tan EH, Zhai W, Tan DSW, Tan IB, Newell EW, Bystander CD8 T cells are abundant and phenotypically distinct in human tumour infiltrates. Nature 2018;557:575–579.Scheper W, Kelderman S, Fanchi LF, Linnemann C, Bendle G, de Rooij MAJ, Hirt C, Mezzadra R, Slagter M, Dijkstra K, Kluin RJC, Snaebjornsson P, Milne K, Nelson BH, Zijlmans H, Kenter G, Voest EE, Haanen JBAG, Schumacher TN. Low and variable tumor reactivity of the intratumoral TCR repertoire in human cancers. Nat Med 2019;25:89–94.Blank CU, Haining WN, Held W, Hogan PG, Kallies A, Lugli E, Lynn RC, Philip M, Rao A, Restifo NP, Schietinger A, Schumacher TN, Schwartzberg PL, Sharpe AH, Speiser DE, Wherry EJ, Youngblood BA, Zehn D. Defining “T cell exhaustion.” Nat Rev Immunol 2019;19:665–674.van der Leun AM, Thommen DS, Schumacher TN. CD8 T cell states in human cancer: insights from single-cell analysis. Nat Rev Cancer 2020;20:218–232.

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Grahame, J. A. K., R. A. Butlin, James G. Cruickshank, E. A. Colhoun, A. Farrington, Gordon L. Davies, I. E. Jones, et al. "Reviews of Books." Irish Geography 5, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 106–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1965.1015.

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NORTHERN IRELAND FROM THE AIR. Edited by R. Common, Belfast : Queen's University Geography Department, 1964. 104 pp., 44 plates, 1 folding map. 10 × 8 ins. 25s.THE CANALS OF THE NORTH OF IRELAND, by W. A. McCutcheon. Dawlish : David and Charles, and London : Macdonald and Co., 1965. 180 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/4 in. 36s.ULSTER AND OTHER IRISH MAPS c.1600. Edited by G. A. Hayes‐McCoy. Dublin : Irish Manuscripts Commission, 1964. 13 × 19 in. xv + 36 pp., 23. plates. £ 6.SOILS OF COUNTY WEXFORD. Edited by P. Ryan and M. J. Gardiner. Prepared and published by An Foras Talúntais (The Agricultural Institute), Dublin 1964. 171 pp. and three fold‐in maps. 30s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOIL, by Brian T. Bunting. London : Hutchinson's University Library, 1965. pp. 213. 14 figs. 12 tables. 7 1/2 × 5 in. 15s.THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF LANDFORMS. Vol. I : GEOMORPHOLOGY BEFORE DAVIS. Richard J. Chorley, Anthony J. Dunn and Robert P. Beckinsale. London : Methuen, 1964. 678 pp. 84s.A DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY, by F. J. Monkhouse. London : Edward. Arnold Ltd., 1965. 344 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 in. 35s.LA REGION DE L'OUEST, by Pierre Flatrès. Collection ‘France de Demain ‘. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1964. 31s. 6d.THE BRITISH ISLES : A SYSTEMATIC GEOGRAPHY. Edited by J. Wreford Watson and J. B. Sissons. Edinburgh : Thomas Nelson, 1964. 452 pp. 45s.SCANDINAVIAN LANDS, by Roy Millward. London : Macmillan, 1964. Pp. 448. 9 × 6 in. 45s.MERSEYSIDE, by R. Kay Gresswell and R. Lawton. British Landscapes Through Maps, No. 6. The Geographical Association, Sheffield, 1964. 36 pp. + 16 plates. 7 1/2 × 9 1/2 in. 5s.WALKING IN WICKLOW, by J. B. Malone. Dublin : Helicon Ltd., 1964. 172 pp. 7 × 4 #fr1/2> in. 7s.GREYSTONES 1864–1964. A parish centenary, 1964. 23 pp. 8 #fr1/4> × 5 1/2 in. 2s. 6d. Obtainable from the A.P.C.K., 37 Dawson Street, Dublin 2.DINNSEANCHAS. Vol. I, No. I. June 1964. An Cumann Logainmneacha, Baile Atha Cliath. Pp. 24. 5s.JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS OF IRELAND. Vol. I, Dublin. 1964.MAP READING FOR THE INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATE, by Michael J. Turner. A. Folens : Dublin. 1964. 92 pp.MAP OF CORK CITY, 1: 15,000. Dublin : Ordnance Survey Office, 1964. 32 × 24 in. On paper, flat, 4s., or folded and covered, 5s.IRELAND, by T. W. Freeman. London : Methuen & Co. Ltd. Third edition, 1965. 5 1/2 × 8 #fr1/2> in. Pp. xx + 560. 65s.THE PLANNING AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DUBLIN REGION. PRELIMINARY REPORT. By Myles Wright. Dublin : Stationery Office, 1965. Pp.55. 8 ins. × 11 3/4 ins. 10s 6d.LIMERICK REGIONAL PLAN. Interim Report on the Limerick—Shannon— Ennis District by Nathaniel Litchfield. The Stationery Office, Dublin 1965. 8 × 12 ins. ; Pp. 83 ; 10s. 6d.ANTRIM NEW TOWN. Outline Plan. Belfast : H. M. Stationery Office, 1965. 10 1/2 × 8 1/2 in. 15s.HEPORT OF THE DEPUTY KEEPER OF THE RECORDS 1954–1959. Belfast : Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Cmd. 490. 138 pp. 10s.ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, by Ronald Hope. London : George Philip and Son Ltd., 4th edition, 1965. pp. 296. 15s. 6d.CLIMATE, SOILS AND VEGETATION, by D. C. Money. London : University Tutorial Press, 1965. pp. 272. 18s.TECHNIQUES IN GEOMORPHOLOGY, by Cuchlaine A. M. King. 9 × 5 1/2 in. 342 pp. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1966. 40s.BRITISH GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP PUBLICATIONS :— 1. RATES OF EROSION AND WEATHERING IN THE BRITISH ISLES. Occasional Publication No. 2, 1965. Pp. 46. 13 × 8 in. 7s. 6d.2. DEGLACIATION. Occasional Publication No. 3, 1966. Pp. 37. 13 × 8 in. 7s.RECHERCHES DE GÉOMORPHOLOGIE EN ÉCOSSE DU NORD‐OUEST. By A. Godard. Publication de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Strasbourg, 1965. 701 pp. 482 reís.ARTHUR'S SEAT: A HISTORY OF EDINBURGH'S VOLCANO, by G. P. Black. Edinburgh & London : Oliver & Boyd, 1966. 226 pp. 7 1/2 × 5 in. 35s.OFFSHORE GEOGRAPHY OF NORTHWESTERN EUROPE. The Political and Economic Problems of Delimitation and Control, by Lewis M. Alexander. London : Murray, 1966. 35s.GEOGRAPHICAL PIVOTS OF HISTORY. An Inaugural Lecture, by W. Kirk. Leicester University Press, 1965. 6s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF FRONTIERS AND BOUNDARIES, by J. R. V. Prescott. London : Hutchinson, 1965. 15s.THE READER'S DIGEST COMPLETE ATLAS OF THE BRITISH ISLES.. London : Reader's Digest Assoc., 1965. 230 pp. 15 1/4 × 10 1/2 in. £5. 10. 0.ULSTER DIALECTS. AN INTRODUCTORY SYMPOSIUM. Edited by G. B. Adams, Belfast : Ulster Folk Museum, 1964. 201 pp. 9 1/2 × 6 1/2 in. 20s.ULSTER FOLKLIFE, Volume 11. Belfast: The Ulster Folk Museum, 1965. Pp. 139. 9 1/2 × 7 in. 15s.GEOGRAPHICAL ABSTRACTS published and edited by K. M. Clayton, F. M Yates, F. E. Hamilton and C. Board.Obtainable from Geo. Abstracts, Dept. of Geography, London School of Economics, Aldwych, London, W.C.2. Subscription rates as below.THE CLIMATE OF LONDON. T. J. Chandler. London : Hutchinson and Co., 1965. 292 pp., 86 figs., 93 tables. 70/‐.MONSOON LANDS, Part I, by R. T. Cobb and L. J. M. Coleby. London : University Tutorial Press Ltd., 1966, constituting Book Six (Part 1 ) of the Advanced Level Geography Series. 303 pp. 8 1/4 × 5 1/4 in. 20s.PREHISTORIC AND EARLY CHRISTIAN IRELAND. A GUIDE, by Estyn Evans. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1966. xii + 241 pp. 45s.A REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF IRELAND, by G. Fahy. Dublin : Browne and Nolan Ltd. No date. 238 pp. 12s.THE CANALS OF THE SOUTH OF IRELAND, by V. T. H. and D. R. Delany. Newton Abbot : David and Charles, 1966. 260 pp. + 20 plates. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 in. 50s.THE COURSE OF IRISH HISTORY. Edited by T. W. Moody and F. X. Martin. Cork : The Mercier Press. 1967. 404 pp. 5 3/4 × 7 3/4 ins. Paperback, 21s. Hard cover, 40s.NORTH MUNSTER STUDIES. Edited by E. Rynne. Limerick : The Thomond Archaeological Society, 1967. 535 pp. 63s.SOILS OF COUNTY LIMERICK, by T. F. Finch and Pierce Ryan. Dublin: An Foras Talúntais, 1966. 199 pp. and four fold‐in maps. 9 1/2 × 7 1/4 in. 30s.THE FORESTS OF IRELAND. Edited by H. M. Fitzpatrick. Dublin : Society of Irish Foresters. No date. 153 pp. 9 3/4 × 7 1/4 in. 30s.PLANNING FOR AMENITY AND TOURISM. Specimen Development Plan Manual 2–3, Donegal. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research), 1966. 110 pp. 8 × 11 in. 12s. 6d.NEW DIMENSIONS IN REGIONAL PLANNING. A CASE STUDY OF IRELAND, by Jeremiah Newman. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha, 1967. 128 pp. 8 1/2 × 6 in. 25s.TRAFFIC PLANNING FOR SMALLER TOWNS. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Regional Planning and Construction Research), 1966. 35 pp. 8 1/4 × 10 3/4 in. No price.LATE AND POST‐GLACIAL SHORELINES AND ICE LIMITS IN ARGYLL AND NORTH‐EAST ULSTER, by F. M. Synge and N. Stephens. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 59, 1966, pp. 101–125.QUATERNARY CHANGES OF SEA‐LEVEL IN IRELAND, by A. R. Orme. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 39, 1966, pp. 127–140.LIMESTONE PAVEMENTS (with special reference to Western Ireland), by Paul W. Williams. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 40, 1966, pp. 155–172. 50s. for 198 pages.IRISH SPELEOLOGY. Volume I, No. 2, 1966. Pp. 18. 10 × 8 in. 5s., free to members of the Irish Speleological Association.THE GEOGRAPHER'S CRAFT, by T. W. Freeman. Manchester University Press, 1967. pp.204. 8 1/4 × 5 in. 25s.GEOGRAPHY AS HUMAN ECOLOGY. Edited by S. R. Eyre and G. R. J. Jones. London : Edward Arnold Ltd., 1966. 308 pp. 45s.LOCATIONAL ANALYSIS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, by Peter Haggett. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1965. 339 pp. 9 × 5 1/2 in. 40s.AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY, by Leslie Symons. London : G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1967. 283 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 ins. 30s.THE GEOLOGY OF SCOTLAND, edited by Gordon Y. Craig. Edinburgh and London : Oliver & Boyd, 1965. Pp. 556. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2 in. 105s.MORPHOLOGY OF THE EARTH, by Lester C. King. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 2nd ed., 1967. 726 pp. 9 1/2 × 7 in. £5. 5. 0.INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF CARTOGRAPHY, V, 1965. Edited by Eduard Imhof. London : George Philip and Son Ltd., 1965. 222 pp. + 9 plates. 9 3/4 × 6 1/2 in. 47s. 6d.IRISH FOLK WAYS, by E. Estyn Evans. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967. 324 pp. 16s.A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL IRELAND, by A.J.Otway‐Ruthven. London: Ernest Benn Limited. New York : Barnes and Noble Inc., 1968. xv + 454 pp. 70s.IRISH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ITS VOLUME AND STRUCTURE, by Raymond D. Crotty. Cork University Press, 1966. 384 pp. 42s.PLANNING IN IRELAND. Edited by F. Rogerson and P. O hUiginn. Dublin : The Irish Branch of the Town Planning Institute and An Foras Forbartha, 1907. 199 pp.THE SHELL GUIDE TO IRELAND, by Lord Killanin and Michael V. Duignan. London : Ebury Press and George Rainbird (distributed by Michael Joseph) : 2nd edition, 1967. 512 pp. 50s.THE CLIMATE OF NORTH MUNSTER, by P. K. Rohan. Dublin : Department of Transport and Power, Meteorological Service, 1968. 72 pp. 10s. 6d.SOILS OF COUNTY CARLOW, by M.J. Conry and Pierce Ryan. Dublin : An Foras Talúntais, 1967. 204 pp. and four fold‐in maps. 30s.MOURNE COUNTRY, by E. Estyn Evans. Dundalk : Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest) Ltd., 2nd ed., 1967. 244 pp. 63s.THE DUBLIN REGION. Advisory Plan and Final Report, by Myles Wright. Dublin : The Stationery Office, 1967. Part One, pp. 64. 20s. Part Two, pp. 224. 80s.BELFAST : THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY. Edited by J. C. Beckett and R. E. Glasscock. London : The British Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. 204 pp. 25s.REPORT ON SKIBBEREEN SOCIAL SURVEY, by John Jackson. Dublin : Human Sciences Committee of the Irish National Productivity Committee, 1967. 63 pp. 12s. 6d.AN OUTLINE PLAN FOR GALWAY CITY, by Breandan S. MacAodha. Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1966. 15 pp.COASTAL PASSENGER STEAMERS AND INLAND NAVIGATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF IRELAND, by D.B. McNeill. Belfast : The Transport Museum (Transport Handbook No. 6), 1965 (issued in 1967). 44 pp. (text) + 12 pp. (plates). 3s. 6d.CANALIANA, the annual bulletin of Robertstown Muintir na Tire. Robertstown, Co. Kildare : Muintir na Tire, n.d. (issued in 1967). 60 pp. 2s. 6d.CONACRE IN IRELAND, by Breandan S. MacAodha (Social Sciences Research Centre, Galway). Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1967, 15 pp. No price.PROCESSES OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT, by V.P. Zenkovich, edited by J.A. Steers, translated by D.G. Fry. 738 pp. Edinburgh and London : Oliver and Boyd, 1967. £12. 12s.CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS. 20th International Geographical Congress. Edited by J. Wreford Watson. London : Nelson, 1967. 401 pp. 70s.REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY, by Roger Minshull. London : Hutchinson University Library, 1967. 168 pp. 10s. 6d.ATMOSPHERE, WEATHER AND CLIMATE, by R.G. Barry and R.J. Chorley. London : University Paperback, Methuen, 1967. 25s.THE EVOLUTION OF SCOTLAND'S SCENERY, by J.B. Sissons. Edinburgh and London : Oliver and Boyd, 1967. 259 pp. 63s.WEST WICKLOW. BACKGROUND FOR DEVELOPMENT, by F.H.A. Aalen, D.A. Gillmor and P.W. Williams. Dublin : Geography Department, Trinity College, 1966. 323 pp. Unpublished : copy available in the Society's Library.

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Buchele, Sebastian, Thomas Boulanger, Eric R. Logan, Louis Hartmann, Ahmed Eldesoky, Saad Azam, Tina Taskovic, Michel Johnson, and Michael Metzger. "Towards a Better Understanding of Redox Shuttle Generation in Lfp/Graphite and NMC811/Graphite Cells By Systematic Investigation of Different Electrolyte Additives." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023206mtgabs.

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Recent observations by our group show the creation of a reversible shuttle species in LFP/graphite and NMC811/graphite cells with 3:7 ethylene carbonate:dimethyl carbonate (EC:DMC) based electrolytes. This is indicated by a high reversible self-discharge of these cells in the absence of electrolyte additives. Electrolyte extraction from pouch cells after formation allowed to directly investigate the electrolytes for redox shuttle currents. For this purpose, the extracted electrolytes were inserted into coin cells with an Al foil as the working electrode (WE) and a Li foil as the counter electrode (CE). The measured cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the coin cells show a clear relationship between high formation temperature and high shuttle currents. Interestingly, the addition of vinylene carbonate (VC) to the electrolyte completely prevents the shuttle current, even at elevated formation temperatures. [1] In this study, we systematically investigate the effect of various electrolyte additives on the generation of shuttle molecules. LFP/graphite and NMC811/graphite pouch cells were filled with electrolyte consisting of 3:7 EC:DMC with 1.5 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) and different additives. The pouch cells were formed at different temperatures, TF. The electrolytes were then extracted and inserted into the aforementioned coin cell setup for CV measurements. We have found that additives such as VC, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene sulfate (DTD), prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PES), and triallyl phosphate (TAP), which are known to create a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), [2-4] prevent shuttle current in the CV. On the other hand, additives such as succinonitrile (SN) and trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate (TMSNCS), which do not contribute to the formation of a better SEI, [5,6] cannot prevent the shuttle current. This suggests that the formation of the shuttles is due to a poor SEI and therefore occurs at the interface between electrolyte and graphite anode. Analogue experiments with DMC as only solvent instead of 3:7 EC:DMC show similar shuttle currents in CVs, which suggests that linear carbonates such as DMC are required to form the shuttle. Figure 1 shows CVs for 1.5 M LiPF6 DMC electrolyte. The shuttle current appears to be the same for electrolyte extracted from LFP/graphite and NMC811/graphite cells ranging up to 6 μA in both cases. This indicates that the shuttle is formed independently of the cathode material, and therefore gives rise to the hypothesis that it is formed at the anode-electrolyte interface. Figure 1 also shows that the shuttle current increases with higher formation temperatures TF. References: Boulanger, A. Eldesoky. S. Buechele, T. Taskovic, S. Azam, C. Aiken, E. Logan, M. Metzger, Investigation of redox shuttle generation in LFP/graphite and NMC811/graphite cells, Submitted (2022). Song, J. Harlow, E. Logan, H. Hebecker, M. Coon, L. Molino, M. Johnson, J. Dahn, M. Metzger, A Systematic Study of Electrolyte Additives in Single Crystal and Bimodal LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 /Graphite Pouch Cells , J. Electrochem. Soc. 168 (2021) 090503. doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac1e55. J. Nelson, J. Xia, J.R. Dahn, Studies of the Effect of Varying Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone Content in Lithium Ion Pouch Cells, J. Electrochem. Soc. 161 (2014) A1884–A1889. doi:10.1149/2.0791412jes. Xia, L. Madec, L. Ma, L.D. Ellis, W. Qiu, K.J. Nelson, Z. Lu, J.R. Dahn, Study of triallyl phosphate as an electrolyte additive for high voltage lithium-ion cells, J. Power Sources. 295 (2015) 203–211. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.151. Chen, F. Liu, Y. Chen, Y. Ye, Y. Huang, F. Wu, L. Li, An investigation of functionalized electrolyte using succinonitrile additive for high voltage lithium-ion batteries, J. Power Sources. 306 (2016) 70–77. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.10.105. G. Han, M.Y. Jeong, K. Kim, C. Park, C.H. Sung, D.W. Bak, K.H. Kim, K.M. Jeong, N.S. Choi, An electrolyte additive capable of scavenging HF and PF5 enables fast charging of lithium-ion batteries in LiPF6-based electrolytes, J. Power Sources. 446 (2020) 227366. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227366. Acknowledgements This work was funded under the auspices of the NSERC/Tesla Canada Alliance Grant program. Figure 1

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Leibo, Steven A., Abraham D. Kriegel, Roger D. Tate, Raymond J. Jirran, Bullitt Lowry, Sanford Gutman, Thomas T. Lewis, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 12, no. 2 (May 5, 1987): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.12.2.28-47.

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David K. Dunaway and Willa K. Baum, eds. Oral History: An Interdisciplinary Anthology. Nashville: American Assocation for State and Local History, 1984. Pp. xxiii, 436. Paper, $17.95 ($16.15 to AASLH members); cloth $29.50 ($26.95 to AASLH members). Review by Jacob L. Susskind of The Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg. Salo W. Baron. The Contemporary Relevance of History: A Study in Approaches and Methods. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 158. Cloth, $30.00; Stephen Vaughn, ed. The Vital Past: Writings on the Uses of History. Athens: The University of Georgia Press, 1985. Pp. 406. Paper, $12.95. Review by Michael T. Isenberg of the United States Naval Academy. Howard Budin, Diana S. Kendall and James Lengel. Using Computers in the Social Studies. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1986. Pp. vii, 118. Paper, $11.95. Review by Francis P. Lynch of Central Connecticut State University. David F. Noble. Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. xviii, 409. Paper, $8.95. Review by Donn C. Neal of the Society of American Archivists. Alan L. Lockwood and David E. Harris. Reasoning with Democratic Values: Ethical Problems in United States History. New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1985. Volume 1: Pp. vii, 206. Paper, $8.95. Volume 2: Pp. vii, 319. Paper, $11.95. Instructor's Manual: Pp. 167. Paper, $11.95. Review by Robert W. Sellen of Georgia State University. James Atkins Shackford. David Crocketts: The Man and the Legend. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1986. Pp. xxv, 338. Paper, $10.95. Review by George W. Geib of Butler University. John R. Wunder, ed. At Home on the Range: Essays on the History of Western Social and Domestic Life. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1985. Pp. xiii, 213. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard N. Ellis of Fort Lewis College. Sylvia R. Frey and Marian J. Morton, eds. New World, New Roles: A Documentary History of Women in Pre-Industrial America. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. ix, 246. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Barbara J. Steinson of DePauw University. Elizabeth Roberts. A Woman's Place: An Oral History of Working-Class Women, 1890-1940. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Pp. vii, 246. Paper, $12.95. Review by Thomas T. Lewis of Mount Senario College. Steven Ozment. When Fathers Ruled: Family Life in Reformation Europe. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1983. Pp. viii, 283. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $7.50. Review by Sanford Gutman of State University of New York, College at Cortland. Geoffrey Best. War and Society in Revolutionary Europe, 1770-1870. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 336. Paper, $9.95; Brian Bond. War and Society in Europe, 1870-1970. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 256. Paper, $9.95. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Edward Norman. Roman Catholicism in England: From the Elizabethan Settlement to the Second Vatican Council. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 138. Paper, $8.95; Karl F. Morrison, ed. The Church in the Roman Empire. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 248. Cloth, $20.00; Paper, $7.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Keith Robbins. The First World War. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. 186. Paper, $6.95; J. M. Winter. The Great War and the British People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. xiv, 360. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Roger D. Tate of Somerset Community College. Gerhardt Hoffmeister and Frederic C. Tubach. Germany: 2000 Years-- Volume III, From the Nazi Era to the Present. New York: The Ungar Publishing Co., 1986. Pp. ix, 279. Cloth, $24.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Judith M. Brown. Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 429. Cloth, $29.95; Paper, $12.95. Review by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College.

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Kneeshaw, Stephen, Richard Harvey, D'Ann Campbell, Robert W. Dubay, John T. Reilly, James F. Marran, Ann W. Ellis, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 10, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.10.2.82-96.

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Robert William Fogel and G. R. Elton. Which Road to the Past? Two Views of History. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1983. Pp. vii, 136. Cloth, $14.95. Review by Stephen Kneeshaw of The School of the Ozarks. Emmanuel LeRoy Ladurie. The Mind and Method of the Historian. Translated by Sian Reynolds and Ben Reynolds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. Pp. v, 310. Paper, $9.95. Review by Richard Harvey of Ohio University. John E. O'Connor, ed. American History/ American Television: Interpreting the Video Past. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1983. Pp. 463. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $8.95. Review by D' Ann Campbell of Indiana University. Foster Rhea Dulles & Melvyn Dubofsky. Labor in America: A History. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1984. 4th edition. Pp. ix, 425. Cloth, $25.95. Paper, $15.95. Review by Robert W. Dubay of Bainbridge Junior College. Karen Ordahl Kupperman. Roanoke: The Abandoned Colony. Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman & Allanheld, 1984. Pp. viii, 182. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $12.50. Review by John T. Reilly of Mount Saint Mary College. Kevin O'Reilly. Critical Thinking in American History: Exploration to Constitution. South Hamilton, Massachusetts: Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School, 1983. Pp. 86. Paper, $2.95. Teacher's Guides: Pp. 180. Paper, $12.95; Kevin O'Reilly. Critical Thinking in American History: New Republic to Civil War. South Hamilton, Massachusetts: Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School, 1984. Pp. 106. Paper, $2.95. Teacher's Guide: Pp. 190. Paper, $12.95. Review by James F. Marran of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Illinois. Michael J. Cassity, ed. Chains of Fear: American Race Relations Since Reconstruction. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1984. Pp. xxxv, 253. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Ann W. Ellis of Kennesaw College. L. P. Morris. Eastern Europe Since 1945. London and Exeter, New Hampshire: Heinemann Educational Books, 1984. Pp. 211. Paper, $10.00. Review by Thomas T. Lewis, Mount Senario College. John Marks. Science and the Making of the Modern World. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann Educational Books, Inc., 1983. Pp. xii, 507. Paper, $25.00. Review by Howard A. Barnes of Winston-Salem State University. Kenneth G. Alfers, Cecil Larry Pool, William F. Mugleston, eds. American's Second Century: Topical Readings, 1865-Present. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Co., 1984. Pp. viii, 381. Paper, $8.95. Review by Richard D. Schubart of Phillips Exeter Academy. Sam C. Sarkesian. America's Forgotten Wars: The Counterrevoltuionary Past and Lessons for the Future. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1984. Pp. xiv, 265. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard Selcer of Mountain View College. Edward Wagenknecht. Daughters of the Covenant: Portraits of Six Jewish Women. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 1983. Pp. viii, 192. Cloth, $17.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Morton Borden. Jews, Turks, and Infidels. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. Pp. x, 163. Cloth, $17.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Richard Schlatter, ed. Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing Since 1966. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. Pp. xiii, 524. Cloth, $50.00. Review by Fred R. van Hartesveldt of Fort Valley State College. Simon Hornblower. The Greek World, 479-323 B.C. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. xi, 354. Cloth, $24.00; Paper, $11.95. Review by Dan Levinson of Thayer Academy, Braintree, Massachusetts. H. R. Kedward. Resistance in Vichy France. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Paper edition 1983. Pp. ix, 311. Paper, $13.95. Review by Sanford J. Gutman of the State University of New York at Cortland.

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Luangwilai, Thiansiri, Harvinder Sidhu, and Mark Nelson. "Understanding the factors affecting the self-heating process of compost piles: Two-dimensional analysis." ANZIAM Journal 63 (June 6, 2022): C15—C29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v63.17119.

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Industrial compost piles contain large volumes of bulk organic materials. Normally, there are two main heat generation processes—oxidation of cellulosic materials and biological activity within the compost pile. Biological heating occurs at a lower temperature range, but it may `kick-start' the oxidation reaction. Nevertheless, biological heating is desirable and is a key component in composting operations. However, there are cases when the temperature within the compost piles increases beyond the ignition temperature of cellulosic materials which can result in spontaneous ignition. This investigation considers the self-heating process that occurs in a compost pile using a two-dimensional spatially-dependent model incorporating terms that account for self-heating due to both biological and oxidative mechanisms. The variation of temperature distribution within different pile geometries is examined. References P. C. Bowes. Self heating: evaluating and controlling the hazard. Amsterdam: Elsevier Press, 1984 W. F. Brinton, Jr. E. Evans, M. L. Droffner, and R. B. Brinton. Standardized test for evaluation of compost self-heating. BioCycle 36 (1995), pp. 60–65 M. Escudey, A. Arias, J. Forster, N. Moraga, C. Zambra, and A. C. Chang. Sewage sludge self-heating and spontaneous combustion. Field, laboratory and numerical studies. High Temp. Mater. Proc. 27.5 (2008), pp. 337–346. doi: 10.1515/HTMP.2008.27.5.337 R. T. Haug. The Practical Handbook of Compost Engineering. USA: Lewis Publishers, 1993. doi: 10.1201/9780203736234 W. Hogland, T. Bramryd, and I. Persson. Physical, biological and chemical effects of unsorted fractions of industrial solid waste in waste fuel storage. Waste Manage. Res. 14.2 (1996), pp. 197–210. doi: 10.1006/wmre.1996.0019 P. F. Hudak. Spontaneous combustion of shale spoils at sanitary landfill. Waste Manage. Res. 22.6 (2002), pp. 687–688. doi: 10.1016/s0956-053x(01)00077-0 F. Kuwahara, Y. Sano, A. Nakayama, K. Nakasaki, and T. Fukazawa. Numerical modelling of a composting process with aeration. J. Porous Media 12.10 (2009), pp. 927–938. doi: 10.1615/JPorMedia.v12.i10.10 T. Luangwilai and H. S. Sidhu. Determining critical conditions for two dimensional compost piles with air flow via numerical simulations. Proceedings of the 15th Biennial Computational Techniques and Applications Conference, CTAC-2010. Ed. by W. McLean and A. J. Roberts. Vol. 52. ANZIAM J. 2011, pp. C463–C481. doi: 10.21914/anziamj.v52i0.3753 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. A two dimensional, reaction-diffusion model of compost piles. Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Engineering Mathematics and Applications Conference, EMAC-2011. Ed. by M. Nelson, M. Coupland, H. Sidhu, T. Hamilton, and A. J. Roberts. Vol. 53. ANZIAM J. 2012, pp. C34–C52. doi: 10.21914/anziamj.v53i0.5083 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. One-dimensional spatial model for self-heating in compost piles: Investigating effects of moisture and air flow. Food Bioprod. Process. 108 (2018), pp. 18–26. doi: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.12.001 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. Understanding effects of ambient humidity on self-heating of compost piles. CHEMECA 2018. Institution of Chemical Engineers. 2018, p. 68. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.049196748938234 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. Understanding the role of moisture in the self-heating process of compost piles. CHEMECA 2012. Engineers Australia. 2012, pp. 1834–1846. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.867764346204981 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. Biological self-heating of compost piles with airflow. CHEMECA 2009. Engineers Australia. 2009, pp. 2683–2692. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.799299549211365 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. Modelling air flow and ambient temperature effects on the biological self-heating of compost piles. Asia-Pacific J. Chem. Eng. 5.4 (2010), pp. 609–618. doi: 10.1002/apj.438 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. Modelling the effects of air flow, ambient temperature and radiative boundary conditions in compost piles. CHEMECA 2010. Engineers Australia. 2010, pp. 3585–3596. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.484992904303574 T. Luangwilai, H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. Modelling the effects of moisture content in compost piles. CHEMECA 2011. Engineers Australia. 2011, pp. 1473–1484. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.174710980721893 T. Luangwilai, S. D. Watt, S. Fu, H. S. Sidhu, and M. I. Nelson. Modelling the effects of ambient temperature variation on self-heating process of compost piles. Engineers Australia (2019), pp. 84–96. url: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.689351109484953 N. O. Moraga, F. Corvalan, M. Escudey, A. Arias, and C. E. Zambra. Unsteady 2D coupled heat and mass transfer in porous media with biological and chemical heat generations. Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 52 (2009), pp. 5841–5848. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.07.027 PDE Solutions Inc. FlexPDE v 6.05. PDE Solutions Inc. Cambridge MA, 2009. url: http://www.pdesolutions.com R. Rynk. Fires at composting facilities: causes and conditions Part I. BioCycle 41.1 (2000), pp. 54–58 H. S. Sidhu, M. I. Nelson, and X. D. Chen. A simple spatial model for self-heating compost piles. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Computational Techniques and Applications Conference, CTAC-2006. Ed. by W. Read and A. J. Roberts. Vol. 48. ANZIAM J. 2007, pp. C135–C150. doi: 10.21914/anziamj.v48i0.86

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Lapeira, María. "Éxito y habilidades/ competencias y liderazgo." Perfiles Gerenciales. Gestión Social y Solidaria 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/2389-9697/per_ger_gestion.1.2017.4575.

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Mi nombre es Nelson Remolina, yo soy profesor de la Universidad de los Andes ya hace dieciséis años, profesor de planta tiempo completo, actualmente dirijo un grupo de estudios en temas de internet, comercio e l e c t r ó n i c o , t e l e c o m u n i c a c i o n e s e Informática (GECTI). Un observatorio de protección de datos y dirijo la Especialización en Derecho Comercial y soy profesor de planta e investigador.

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Evans, David. "Functional Behavioral Assessment: An Interactive Training Module C. Liaupsin, T. Scott, & C. Nelson Sopris West." Australasian Journal of Special Education 25, no. 1-2 (2001): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030011200024878.

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WEN, H. H., J. FANG, J. H. LU, X. W. CAO, J. Z. SHI, W. Z. SHI, W. G. YAO, and Z. Z. QI. "COHERENT TRANSITION IN A HIGHLY ORIENTED YBa2Cu3O7−δ SUPERCONDUCTING THIN FILM." Modern Physics Letters B 04, no. 06 (March 20, 1990): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984990000532.

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The I – V characteristics and critical current density at different temperatures have been carried out with a highly (100) oriented superconducting polycrystalline film. It is found that I c = I c (0)(1 – t)2, which is similar to that of network constructed with ideal SNS junctions. At a temperature T(kT) which is below the individual grains transition temperature T c0 , a coherent transition will occur because the coupling energy between grains begins to be larger than thermal fluctuating energy. According to Halperin-Nelson theory, we estimate that T(kT) = 81.1 K , and the behaviors of temperature dependent resistance can be well explained. Meanwhile, we draw a conclusion that the supercurrent density ρs(T) = ρs(0)(1 − t)2.

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Dunbar, Michael S., Jordan P. Davis, Joan S. Tucker, Rachana Seelam, Regina A. Shih, and Elizabeth J. D’Amico. "Developmental Trajectories of Tobacco/Nicotine and Cannabis Use and Patterns of Product Co-use in Young Adulthood." Tobacco Use Insights 13 (January 2020): 1179173X2094927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x20949271.

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Introduction: Concurrent co-use of tobacco/nicotine and cannabis (T/C) products is common among young people and may increase risks for negative health and psychosocial outcomes, but little is known about developmental patterns of T/C co-use. This study aimed to identify distinct trajectory classes of concurrent T/C co-use from ages 16 to 21 and compare groups on T/C co-use behaviors in young adulthood. Methods: Participants (n = 2497) reported T/C use on annual online surveys from 2015 to 2019 (ages 16-22). We used parallel process growth mixture models to model simultaneous trajectories of past-month cigarette, e-cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and cannabis use and identify latent classes of T/C trajectories. Classes were then compared on types and number of T/C products used and types of T/C co-use in young adulthood. Results: Models revealed 4 T/C classes: Low/No T/C Use, Early Concurrent T/C Co-use, Late Concurrent T/C Co-use, and Tobacco Quitters/Cannabis Maintainers. Compared to other classes, the Early Concurrent T/C Co-use group—individuals with rapid progression to concurrent T/C co-use during adolescence—were more likely to report poly-tobacco use, poly-cannabis use, same-occasion sequential T/C co-use and T/C co-administration (ie, mixing T/C) of both combustible and vaping products in young adulthood. Conclusion: Early progression to concurrent T/C co-use in adolescence is prospectively linked to poly-product use and co-use of T/C products in young adulthood. Prevention efforts targeting co-use of T/C products in adolescence may help to reduce riskier patterns of T/C use and co-use in young adulthood.

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Wang, Sheng, Yue Fang, Zhen Huang, Hualong Xu, and Wei Shen. "The Effects of the Crystalline Phase of Zirconia on C–O Activation and C–C Coupling in Converting Syngas into Aromatics." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020262.

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Zirconia has recently been used as an efficient catalyst in the conversion of syngas. The crystalline phases of ZrO2 in ZrO2/HZSM-5 bi-functional catalysts have important effects on C–O activation and C–C coupling in converting syngas into aromatics and been investigated in this work. Monoclinic ZrO2 (m-ZrO2) and tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) were synthesized by hydrothermal and chemical precipitation methods, respectively. The results of in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) revealed that there were more active hydroxyl groups existing on the surface of m-ZrO2, and CO temperature programmed desorption (CO-TPD) results indicated that the CO adsorption capacity of m-ZrO2 was higher than that of t-ZrO2, which can facilitate the C–O activation of m-ZrO2 for syngas conversion compared to that of t-ZrO2. And the CO conversion on the m-ZrO2 catalyst was about 50% more than that on the t-ZrO2 catalyst. 31P and 13C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) analysis revealed a higher acid and base density of m-ZrO2 than that of t-ZrO2, which enhanced the C–C coupling. The selectivity to CH4 on the m-ZrO2 catalyst was about 1/5 of that on the t-ZrO2 catalyst in syngas conversion. The selectivity to C2+ hydrocarbons over m-ZrO2 or t-ZrO2 as well as the proximity of the ZrO2 sample and HZSM-5 greatly affected the further aromatization in converting syngas into aromatics.

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Gough, Nancy R. "Papers of note in Science." Science Signaling 9, no. 411 (January 19, 2016): ec14-ec14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aaf2519.

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Muscle PhysiologyAnother micropeptide flexes its muscleA long noncoding RNA encodes a small peptide that activates a calcium pump regulating muscle contraction.B. R. Nelson, C. A. Makarewich, D. M. Anderson, B. R. Winders, C. D. Troupes, F. Wu, A. L. Reese, J. R. McAnally, X. Chen, E. T. Kavalali, S. C. Cannon, S. R. Houser, R. Bassel-Duby, E. N. Olson, A peptide encoded by a transcript annotated as long noncoding RNA enhances SERCA activity in muscle. Science351, 271–275 (2016). [Abstract]F. Payre, C. Desplan, Small peptides control heart activity. Science351, 226–227 (2016). [Abstract]MetabolismHow to shape mitochondrial networksAn energy-sensing kinase phosphorylates a mitochondrial membrane protein that initiates fragmentation.E. Q. Toyama, S. Herzig, J. Courchet, T. L. Lewis Jr., O. C. Losón, K. Hellberg, N. P. Young, H. Chen, F. Polleux, D. C. Chan, R. J. Shaw, AMP-activated protein kinase mediates mitochondrial fission in response to energy stress. Science351, 275–281 (2016). [Abstract]

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E M, Ilondu. "BIOPESTICIDAL POTENTIALS OF PLANTS EXTRACTS AGAINST COCHLIOBOLUS LUNATUS R.R. NELSON & F.A. HAASIS. ANAMORPH: CURVULARIA LUNATUS (WAKKER) BOEDGIN." Journal of Biopesticides 13, no. 01 (June 1, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.13.1.53-62.

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ABSTRACT Ethanolic extracts of leaves of Chromolaena odorata, Emilia sonchifolia and Tridax procumbens were evaluated for their bioactivity potentials on Cochliobolus lunatus under in-vitro condtions. To determine their bioactivity, food poisoning technique using Potato Dextrose Agar medium at concentrations of 0 to 80 mg/ml was used. Tested plant extracts significantly (P<0.05) suppressed the mycelia growth of C. lunatus with minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts as: T. procumbent (64mg/mL), E. sonchifolia (72mg/mL) and C. odonata (80mg/mL). Among the plants tested, the lowest and highest extract concentrations from leaves of T. procumbens were superior to the other extracts in its inhibitory activity. The extracts were also tested for the presence of various phytochemicals reveals the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids and steroids.Totally, 8 compounds among which are Caryophyllene oxide (22.16%), Ethyl isoallocholate (20.36%), Estra-1, 3, 5(10)-trien 17, beta-ol (15.03%) and Naphthalene, decahydro-4a-methyl-1- (11.18%) were identified in C. odorata; 9 compounds among which are Phytol (27.41%), Squalene (18.68%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (17.30%) and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z)- (15.55%) were identified in E. sonchifolia and 13 compound which include Phytol (22.87%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.25%), Cyclohexene,1-methyl -4- (1-methylethyl)- (14.34%) and 1,5,9,-Decatriene, 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl (10.37%) identified from T. procumbens through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of extracts. Phytol was the most abundant constituent in both E. sonchifolia (27.41%) and T. procumbens (22.87%) with Canyophyllene oxide (22.16%) in C. odorata. The portrayed potentials of these extracts indicated that they could be excellent candidates to be harnessed in the biosafety formulation of biopesticides for the control of plant diseases incited by Cochliobolus lunatus.

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Adeyi, Abel Adekanmi, Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Thomas Shean Yaw Choong, Kia Li Lau, and Nor Halaliza Alias. "Simultaneous Adsorption of Malachite Green and Methylene Blue Dyes in a Fixed-Bed Column Using Poly(Acrylonitrile-Co-Acrylic Acid) Modified with Thiourea." Molecules 25, no. 11 (June 7, 2020): 2650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112650.

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Proper remediation of aquatic environments contaminated by toxic organic dyes has become a research focus globally for environmental and chemical engineers. This study evaluates the adsorption potential of a polymer-based adsorbent, thiourea-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (T-PAA) adsorbent, for the simultaneous uptake of malachite green (MG) and methylene blue (MB) dye ions from binary system in a continuous flow adsorption column. The influence of inlet dye concentrations, pH, flow rate, and adsorbent bed depth on adsorption process were investigated, and the breakthrough curves obtained experimentally. Results revealed that the sorption capacity of the T-PAA for MG and MB increase at high pH, concentration and bed-depth. Thomas, Bohart-Adams, and Yoon-Nelson models constants were calculated to describe MG and MB adsorption. It was found that the three dynamic models perfectly simulate the adsorption rate and behavior of cationic dyes entrapment. Finally, T-PAA adsorbent demonstrated good cyclic stability. It can be regenerated seven times (or cycles) with no significant loss in adsorption potential. Overall, the excellent sorption capacity and multiple usage make T-PAA polymer an attractive adsorbent materials for treatment of multicomponent dye bearing effluent in a fixed-bed column system.

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Filippou, Alexander Constantin, and Walter Grünleitner. "Proton-induzierte Kopplung eines tert-Butylisonitril-mit einem Phenylcarbin-Liganden am Wolfram / Proton-Induced Coupling of one tert-Butylisonitrile with one Phenylcarbyne Ligand at Tungsten." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-0906.

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A good entry to highly substituted phenylcarbyne complexes of tungsten containing tert-butyl-isonitrile ligands is provided via Br(CO)2(pic)2W≡CC6H5 (1) (pic: γ-picoline). The first step includes the replacement of the picoline ligands in 1 by t-BuNC in refluxing CH2Cl2 to give Br(CO)2(t-BuNC)2 W≡CC6H5 (2) in high yield. Complex 2 is then transformed with excess t-BuNC in toluene at 90°C to the carbonyl free carbyne complex trans-Br(t-BuNC)4W≡CC6H5 (3). The monocarbonyl substituted analogue of 3, Br(CO)(t-BuNC)3W≡CC6H5 (4), is observed by IR spectroscopy as an intermediate of this reaction. Its preparation is achieved by the CoCl2 catalyzed decarbonylation of 2 in the presence of one equivalent of t-BuNC. trans-Br(t-BuNC)4W≡CC6H5 (3) and the analogous iodocompound trans-I(t-BuNC)4W≡CC6H5 (5) react with HX (X = Br, I) to give respectively, Br2(t-BuNC)3W[(t-Bu)HN—C≡C—C6H5] (6) and I2(t-BuNC)3W[(t-Bu)HN—C≡C—C6H5] (7) in high yield. Complexes 6 and 7 contain a 4e-donor acetylene ligand resulting from the proton induced coupling of one tert-butylisonitrile with the phenylcarbyne ligand at the tungsten center. The reaction of complex 4 with HBr leads also to the coupling product Br2(CO)(t-BuNC)2W[(t-Bu)HN—C≡C—C6H5] (8), the carbonyl containing analogue of 6, in low yield. With one equivalent of t-BuNC and TlPF6 compounds 6 and 7 are converted to the cationic complexes [Br(t-BuNC)4W[(t-Bu)HN—C≡C—C6H5]]+PF6- (9) and [I(t-BuNC)4W[(t-Bu)HN—C≡C—C6H5]]+PF6- (10) respectively. The analogous chloro compound [Cl(t-BuNC)4W[(t-Bu)HN—C≡C—C6H5]]+PF6- (11) is obtained by halogen exchange from 10 and PPN+Cl-. The composition and structure of the new complexes 3, 4, and 6—11 have been determined by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra.

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Ju, Cunxiang, Mingkun Zhang, Dongjing Jia, Jing Tang, Shuai Li, Jing Zhao, Demin Wang, and Xiang Gao. "BALB/c-hCD3E Transgenic Mice: An Ideal Animal Model for In Vivo Efficacy Study of CD3-Bispecific Antibodies." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128781.

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T cell-mediated immunotherapy is an important strategy for treatment of a variety of tumors.T-cell bispecific antibody (TCB), which binds to a tumor associated antigen (TAA) and human CD3ε (hCD3ε) and directs specific killing of tumor cells carrying the TAA. However, there is still an unmet need for suitable animal models to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of TCB candidates. Although immune-deficient mice transfused with human PBMCs can be used to evaluate the TCBs, these mice are not fully immune competent and have limitation in studying immune system activation by TCBs. Herewe developed a human CD3ε-transgenic mouse model with BALB/c background (BALB/c-hCD3E) to overcome the limitation. CD3ε plays a critical role in formation and function of the TCR-CD3 complex. However, hCD3ε shares only 47% homology with mouse CD3ε (mCD3ε) in the extracellular domain, indicating that hCD3ε and mCD3ε are not functionally interchangeable. Thus, we established BALB/c-hCD3E mice that carry the human CD3E gene and its entire regulatory sequence and co-express hCD3ε and mCD3ε in over 90% of T cells. BALB/c-hCD3E mice were phenotypically normal and had normal T-, B- and NK-cell populations compared to wild-type BALB/c mice. In addition, splenic T cells from BALB/c-hCD3E mice could be activated by either anti-hCD3 or anti-mCD3 antibodies to produce IFNg, IL2 and TNFa in vitro. Moreover, we knocked out mCD3e in BALB/c-hCD3E mice to generate BALB/c-hCD3E/mCd3e-KO mice that displayed a marked reduction in the number of splenic T cells. BALB/c-hCD3E/mCd3e-KO mice also had reduced percentages and numbers of CD4+ and CD8+T cells. Importantly, anti-mCTLA4 antibodies strongly inhibited the growth of subcutaneously inoculated CT26 tumor cells in BALB/c-hCD3E but not BALB/c-hCD3E/mCd3e-KO mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that mCD3ε is indispensable for T-cell development and function in BALB/c-hCD3E transgenic mice and these mice are a novel and valuable model to assessing the therapeutic efficacy of TCBs. Disclosures Ju: GemPharmatech Co., Ltd: Employment. Zhang:GemPharmatech Co., Ltd: Employment. Jia:GemPharmatech Co., Ltd: Employment. Tang:GemPharmatech Co., Ltd: Employment. Li:GemPharmatech Co., Ltd: Employment. Zhao:GemPharmatech Co., Ltd: Employment. Wang:GemPharmatech Co., Ltd: Employment. Gao:GemPharmatech Co., Ltd: Employment.

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19

Bill, Colin A., Anahi Sanchez, Jailene Amparan, and Charlotte M. Vines. "Role of β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases in the Internalization of C-C Chemokine Receptor Seven (CCR7) in Mammalian T Cells." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 59.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.59.3.

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Abstract Ligand mediated GPCR internalization/signaling is regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) induced receptor phosphorylation and recruitment of β arrestins. The GPCR chemokine receptor, CCR7, has two ligands, CCL19 and CCL21 that mediate chemotactic migration of CCR7 expressing immune cells, including naïve T cells. Distinct internalization/signaling pathways are activated in T cells depending upon which ligand is bound to the receptor. It remains unclear to what extent the β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase family, GRK2 and GRK3 regulate CCR7 internalization. Incubation of primary mouse T cells or human T cell lines, Hut 78 and CEM with 200 nM CCL19, but not CCL21 led to rapid CCR7 internalization. To determine the roles of GRK2 and GRK3 in CCR7 internalization, we co-transfected HEK cells with plasmids expressing either GRK2 or GRK3 along with arrestin-3, which we have previously shown is required for CCR7 internalization. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that CCR7 co-localized with arrestin-3 in cells co-transfected with GRK2 after 30 minutes incubation with CCL19, but not CCL21. Limited co-localization of CCR7/arrestin-3 was observed in cells co-transfected with GRK3. Further CCL19/CCR7 incubation studies showed that GRK2-dependent CCR7 internalization was dependent upon the expression level of GRK2 with high protein levels being inhibitory. To further assess the role of GRK2, we used a GRK2 kinase dead mutant (GRK2-K220R) that does not facilitate the internalization of CCR7, GRK2-K220R did, however, result in some clustering of CCR7/arrestin-3. Overall, these data suggest that GRK2 plays an important role in CCR7 internalization in mammalian T cells; however, other GRKs are likely involved in this process.

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20

Sims, Robert C., Darlene E. Fisher, Steven A. Leibo, Pasquale E. Micciche, Fred R. Van Hartesveldt, W. Benjamin Kennedy, C. Ashley Ellefson, et al. "Book Reviews." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 13, no. 2 (May 5, 1988): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.13.2.80-104.

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Michael B. Katz. Reconstructing American Education. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. viii, 212. Cloth, $22.50; E. D. Hirsch, Jr. Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1987. Pp. xvii, 251. Cloth, $16.45; Diana Ravitch and Chester E. Finn, Jr. What Do Our 17-Year-Olds Know? A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature. New York: Harper & Row, 1987. Pp. ix, 293. Cloth, $15.95. Review by Richard A. Diem of The University of Texas at San Antonio. Henry J. Steffens and Mary Jane Dickerson. Writer's Guide: History. Lexington, Massachusetts, and Toronto: D. C. Heath and Company, 1987. Pp. x, 211. Paper, $6.95. Review by William G. Wraga of Bernards Township Public Schools, Basking Ridge, New Jersey. J. Kelley Sowards, ed. Makers of the Western Tradition: Portraits from History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. Fourth edition. Vol: 1: Pp. ix, 306. Paper, $12.70. Vol. 2: Pp. ix, 325. Paper, $12.70. Review by Robert B. Luehrs of Fort Hays State University. John L. Beatty and Oliver A. Johnson, eds. Heritage of Western Civilization. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1987. Sixth Edition. Volume I: Pp. xi, 465. Paper, $16.00; Volume II: pp. xi, 404. Paper, $16.00. Review by Dav Levinson of Thayer Academy, Braintree, Massachusetts. Lynn H. Nelson, ed. The Human Perspective: Readings in World Civilization. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987. Vol. I: The Ancient World to the Early Modern Era. Pp. viii, 328. Paper, $10.50. Vol. II: The Modern World Through the Twentieth Century. Pp, x, 386. Paper, 10.50. Review by Gerald H. Davis of Georgia State University. Gerald N. Grob and George Attan Billias, eds. Interpretations of American History: Patterns and Perspectives. New York: The Free Press, 1987. Fifth Edition. Volume I: Pp. xi, 499. Paper, $20.00: Volume II: Pp. ix, 502. Paper, $20.00. Review by Larry Madaras of Howard Community College. Eugene Kuzirian and Larry Madaras, eds. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History. -- Volume II: Reconstruction to the Present. Guilford, Connecticut: The Dushkin Publishing Groups, Inc., 1987. Pp. xii, 384. Paper, $9.50. Review by James F. Adomanis of Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Annapolis, Maryland. Joann P. Krieg, ed. To Know the Place: Teaching Local History. Hempstead, New York: Hofstra University Long Island Studies Institute, 1986. Pp. 30. Paper, $4.95. Review by Marilyn E. Weigold of Pace University. Roger Lane. Roots of Violence in Black Philadelphia, 1860-1900. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. 213. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Ronald E. Butchart of SUNY College at Cortland. Pete Daniel. Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Pp. xvi, 352. Paper, $22.50. Review by Thomas S. Isern of Emporia State University. Norman L. Rosenberg and Emily S. Rosenberg. In Our Times: America Since World War II. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Third edition. Pp. xi, 316. Paper, $20.00; William H. Chafe and Harvard Sitkoff, eds. A History of Our Time: Readings on Postwar America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Second edition. Pp. xiii, 453. Paper, $12.95. Review by Monroe Billington of New Mexico State University. Frank W. Porter III, ed. Strategies for Survival: American Indians in the Eastern United States. New York, Westport, Connecticut, and London: Greenwood Press, 1986. Pp. xvi, 232. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Richard Robertson of St. Charles County Community College. Kevin Sharpe, ed. Faction & Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Pp. xvii, 292. Paper, $13.95; Derek Hirst. Authority and Conflict: England, 1603-1658. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986. Pp. viii, 390. Cloth, $35.00. Review by K. Gird Romer of Kennesaw College. N. F. R. Crafts. British Economic Growth During the Industrial Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 193. Paper, $11.95; Maxine Berg. The Age of Manufactures, 1700-1820. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 378. Paper, $10.95. Review by C. Ashley Ellefson of SUNY College at Cortland. J. M. Thompson. The French Revolution. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985 reissue. Pp. xvi, 544. Cloth, $45.00; Paper, $12.95. Review by W. Benjamin Kennedy of West Georgia College. J. P. T. Bury. France, 1814-1940. London and New York: Methuen, 1985. Fifth edition. Pp. viii, 288. Paper, $13.95; Roger Magraw. France, 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. Pp. 375. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $9.95; D. M.G. Sutherland. France, 1789-1815: Revolution and Counterrevolution. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. Pp. 242. Cloth, $32.50; Paper, $12.95. Review by Fred R. van Hartesveldt of Fort Valley State College. Woodford McClellan. Russia: A History of the Soviet Period. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1986. Pp. xi, 387. Paper, $23.95. Review by Pasquale E. Micciche of Fitchburg State College. Ranbir Vohra. China's Path to Modernization: A Historical Review from 1800 to the Present. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987. Pp. xiii, 302. Paper, $22.95. Reivew by Steven A. Leibo of Russell Sage College. John King Fairbank. China Watch. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1987. Pp. viii, Cloth, $20.00. Review by Darlene E. Fisher of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Illinois. Ronald Takaki, ed. From Different Shores: Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Pp. 253. Paper, $13.95. Review by Robert C. Sims of Boise State University.

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Zhang, Wendi, Xiaoming Liu, Man Gao, Hong Shang, and Xuanhe Liu. "Co-Zn-MOFs Derived N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes with Crystalline Co Nanoparticles Embedded as Effective Oxygen Electrocatalysts." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020261.

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The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a crucial step in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. It is necessary to expand the range of efficient non-precious ORR electrocatalysts on account of the low abundance and high cost of Pt/C catalysts. Herein, we synthesized crystalline cobalt-embedded N-doped carbon nanotubes (Co@CNTs-T) via facile carbonization of Co/Zn metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with dicyandiamide at different temperatures (t = 600, 700, 800, 900 °C). Co@CNTs- 800 possessed excellent ORR activities in alkaline electrolytes with a half wave potential of 0.846 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode), which was comparable to Pt/C. This three-dimensional network, formed by Co@CNTs-T, facilitated electron migration and ion diffusion during the ORR process. The carbon shell surrounding the Co nanoparticles resulted in Co@CNTs-800 being stable as an electrocatalyst. This work provides a new strategy to design efficient and low-cost oxygen catalysts.

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22

Bruce, Michael I., Michael Schulz, and Edward R. T. Tiekink. "Crystal and Molecular Structures of t-Butyl Isocyanide-Undecacarbonyl-Tetrahydrido-Tetraruthenium, Ru4(µ-H)4(CO)11(CNBu t )." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 9 (1997): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97092.

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The crystal and molecular structures of Ru4(µ-H)4(CO)11(CNBut) (2), obtained with Ru4(µ- H)4(CO)10(CNBut)2 by hydrogenation of Ru5(µ5-CNBut)(CO)14(CNBut) (1), have been determined. Crystals of (2) are monoclinic, space group P 21/c, with a 12·349(1), b 11·627(3), c 17·0222(7) Å, β 105·785(4)°, V 2351·9(6) Å3 and Z 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined using 4478 reflections to final R 0·028(Rw0·033). An improved procedure for the preparation of (1) in 35–40% yields is also described.

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23

Fries, T., G. Mayer-von Kürthy, A. Ehmann, W. Wischert, and S. Kemmler-Sack. "The system BiPbSr2Fe1−xTxO6+z, (T ≡ Co, Ni)." Journal of the Less Common Metals 159 (April 1990): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(90)90161-c.

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24

Lenschow, Deborah J., and Jeffrey A. Bluestone. "T cell co-stimulation and in vivo tolerance." Current Opinion in Immunology 5, no. 5 (October 1993): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-7915(93)90132-c.

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Dhobi, Ghulam N., Farhana Siraj, Mohmad H. Mir, Arshad A. Pandith, Iqbal Qasim, and Zafar A. Shah. "Study of Reversible CD4/CD8+ve T Cell Counts in Patients with HIV Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Effective Treatment with Antitubercular Therapy (ATT)." International Journal of Biomedical Science 13, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2017.13122.

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Background/Purpose: Tuberculosis (T.B) an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still one of the biggest killers among the infectious diseases. Immunological deficiencies of various magnitudes have been reported in TB which include CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells. The aim of the study was investigating the at the occurrence of CD4+ T cell lymphopenia in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and the response of this abnormality to ATT in HIV negative patients. Methods: The study subjects included three groups in which 30 patients were with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis without any evidence of HIV infection and second group of10 healthy controls. Third group included10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis co-infected HIV sero-positivity. Zeil Nelson (ZN) method was used to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis, ELISA method was adopted to confirm the HIV status and CD4 and CD8 count was done by flow cytometry. Results: The CD4 + T cell lymphopenia was observed significantly associated (p=0.000) in Non-HIV pulmonary tuberculosis cases as compared to controls (370.87 ± 209.00 cells/μl v/s 673.60 ± 120.30 cells/μl).CD4 + T cell lymphopenia was significantin HIV positive pulmonary TB patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.000). CD4 + T cell lymphopenia was more severe in HIV co-infected pulmonary tuberculosis patients compared to Non-HIV pulmonary TB cases (p=0.029). Conclusion: We conclude that the pulmonary tuberculosis is an important cause of non HIV CD4, CD8 lymphopenia, with reversal of CD4/CD8 ratio, and this is reversible with effective treatment with antitubercular therapy (ATT).

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Frogley, Benjamin J., Tobias L. Genet, Anthony F. Hill, and Chee S. Onn. "Alkynylselenolatoalkylidynes (LnMC–Se–CCR) as building blocks for mixed metal/main-group extended frameworks." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 22 (2019): 7632–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01504c.

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The reactions of [W(CBr)(CO)₂(Tp*)] (Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) with lithium alkynylselenolates LiSeCCR (R = SiMe₃, SiⁱPr₃, ⁿBu, ^tBu, Ph, p-tolyl) afford the alkynylselenolatoalkylidyne complexes [W(CSeCCR)(CO)₂(Tp*)].

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Bertacchi, Giulia, Wilfried Posch, and Doris Wilflingseder. "HIV-1 Trans Infection via TNTs Is Impeded by Targeting C5aR." Biomolecules 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12020313.

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Nonadjacent immune cells communicate through a complex network of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). TNTs can be hijacked by HIV-1, allowing it to spread between connected cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are among the first cells to encounter HIV-1 at mucosal sites, but they are usually efficiently infected only at low levels. However, HIV-1 was demonstrated to productively infect DCs when the virus was complement-opsonized (HIV-C). Such HIV-C-exposed DCs mediated an improved antiviral and T-cell stimulatory capacity. The role of TNTs in combination with complement in enhancing DC infection with HIV-C remains to be addressed. To this aim, we evaluated TNT formation on the surface of DCs or DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures incubated with non- or complement-opsonized HIV-1 (HIV, HIV-C) and the role of TNTs or locally produced complement in the infection process using either two different TNT or anaphylatoxin receptor antagonists. We found that HIV-C significantly increased the formation of TNTs between DCs or DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures compared to HIV-exposed DCs or co-cultures. While augmented TNT formation in DCs promoted productive infection, as was previously observed, a significant reduction in productive infection was observed in DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures, indicating antiviral activity in this setting. As expected, TNT inhibitors significantly decreased infection of HIV-C-loaded-DCs as well as HIV- and HIV-C-infected-DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures. Moreover, antagonizing C5aR significantly inhibited TNT formation in DCs as well as DC/CD4+ T-cell co-cultures and lowered the already decreased productive infection in co-cultures. Thus, local complement mobilization via DC stimulation of complement receptors plays a pivotal role in TNT formation, and our findings herein might offer an exciting opportunity for novel therapeutic approaches to inhibit trans infection via C5aR targeting.

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Kouchi, Keisuke, and Kazuhisa Azumi. "Optimization of Pulsed Polarization Condition for Efficient Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642358mtgabs.

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Introduction Massive emission of CO2 gas from fossil fuel combustion causes the severe global greenhouse effect. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 using renewable energy has been attractive due to its simple methodology, while the conversion efficiency may be lessened due to undesirable side reactions such as water decomposition. In this study, CO2 was covered to CO on Ag electrode in aqueous KHCO3 solution using potentiostatic pulse polarization, and optimal pulse condition to improve the conversion efficiency was explored. Experiment An electrochemical cell was composed of a cathode compartment containing an Ag working electrode (W.E.) and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and an anode compartment containing a Pt counter electrode. Two compartments were separated by a Nafion membrane. An Ag-W.E. was mechanically polished and potentiostatically pulse-polarized in a CO2-saturated 0.1 M KHCO3 solution to form CO. After some polarization period, the conversion efficiency ( η=[CO]/([CO]+[H2]) ) of CO2 to CO was evaluated by using gas chromatography as a function of various parameters such as cathodic polarization potential (E c) and time (t c), rest potential (E a) and time (t a), KHNO3 concentration, etc. Result and discussion When E c was varied, the highest η was obtained around –1.5 to –1.6 V. When t c was varied at E c = –1.6 V, the highest η was obtained around t c = 3 s, as shown in Fig. 1. The t a did not affect η. These results reveal that the t c influences the conversion efficiency viacontrolling the diffusion layer thickness of reactants such as CO2 molecular. The highest η at the optimal pulse condition was ca. 0.9 and is comparable to the value obtained by the previous work using ionic liquid solution (T. Oguma et al., Electrochemistry, 88 (2020) 451–456). Fig. 1. Relationship between the cathodic polarization time t c and reduction efficiency Figure 1

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Hill, Anthony F., and Richard Y. Kong. "An anionic nucleophilic d4 carbyne complex." Chemical Communications 53, no. 12 (2017): 2032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc09718a.

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The reaction of the methylidyne complex [W(CH)Br(CO)₂(dcpe)] (dcpe = 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) with ^tBuLi affords the intermediate anionic neopentylidyne complex Li[W(C^tBu)(CO)₂(dcpe)] which acts as a metal-based nucleophile towards ^tBuCl, ^tBuBr, Ph₂E₂ (E = S, Se, Te) and ClSnMe₃ to afford the new carbyne complexes [W(C^tBu)(X)(CO)₂(dcpe)] (X = Cl, Br, EPh, SnMe₃).

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30

Golchoubian, H., W. L. Waltz, and J. W. Quail. "Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of macro cyclic heterobimetallic complexes of (Co, Cu), (Co, Ni), (Co, Zn), (Zn, Cu), (Zn, Ni) combinations." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-208.

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A series of macrocyclic heterobimetallic complexes of type [Mc(tntnam)Mo](PF6)n and [Mc'(tntnim)Ni](PF6)n where Mc = Co(III) and Zn(II), Mc' = Co(II), Co(III), and Zn(II), and Mo = Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have been synthesized and characterized. The macrocyclic ligands tntnim 2 and tntnam 3 contain two geometrically distinct compartments, 6-coordinate (closed site) and 4-coordinate (open site), which are bridged by phenolic oxygens. The heterobimetallic complexes with Zn(II) or Ni(II) in the open site are primarily formed as 5-coordinate with a chloride ion as a fifth ligand; the latter can be removed by Ag+ ion. The crystal structures of [Zn(tntnim)NiCl]PF6·C2H5OH, 5, [Zn(tntnam)Ni](PF6)2, 11, [Zn(tntnam)Cu](PF6)2, 12, and [Co(tntnam)Ni(H2O)](PF6)3·4H2O, 14 were determined. Crystal data for 5: monoclinic, T = 123 K, a = 15.822(2), b = 15.6230(10), c = 16.432(2) Å, β = 104.570(10)°, Z = 4, space group Pc, R = 0.0371 (wR2 = 0.0843) for 5826 reflections with I [Formula: see text] 2σ(I). Crystal data for 11: tetragonal, T = 123 K, a = b = 24.122(2), c = 14.397(7) Å, Z = 8, space group P41212, R = 0.0625 (wR2 = 0.1549) for 3250 reflections with I [Formula: see text] 2σ(I). Crystal data for 12: tetragonal, T = 123 K, a = b = 24.180(2), c = 14.281(4) Å, Z = 8, space group P41212, R = 0.0588 (wR2 = 0.1219) for 3452 reflections with I [Formula: see text] 2σ(I). Crystal data for 14: triclinic, T = 287 K, a = 12.664(2), b = 12.983(2), c = 16.216(3) Å, α = 80.317(14)°, β = 69.585(12)°, γ = 74.791(12)°, Z = 2, space group P[Formula: see text], R = 0.0573 (wR2 = 0.1332) for 3443 reflections with I [Formula: see text] 2σ(I). The structures were solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures. The crystal structures demonstrate that the expected trans pyridine structures are formed. The magnetic moments, electrospray mass spectra, electronic absorption and emission spectra, and redox couples are reported. Key words: cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc, heterobimetallic, macrocycle.

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Stankiewicz, Antoni. "Błąd co do istotnych przymiotów i sakramentalności małżeństwa." Prawo Kanoniczne 28, no. 3-4 (December 10, 1985): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1985.28.3-4.02.

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lu x ta can. 1099 C IC a. 1983 e rro r circa m a trim o n ii u n ita tc m vel in -d isso lu b ilitate m a u t sac ra m e n ta le m d ig n itatem , d u m m o d o n o n d e te rm in e t v o lu n ta te m , n o n v itia t co n sen su m m atrim o n ialem .F o rm u lâ t» h u iu s canomis d iffe rt ab ilia can. 1.084 C IC a. 19117, qu o -n ia m (in te x tu can !1099 om issa est d en o m in atio e rro ris ta m q u a m„siiimplicis”, e t locutio „etsi d e t cau sam c o n tra c ta i” m u ta ta est in aliam ,id est „dum m odo n o n d e te rm in e t v o lu n ta te m ”.N o tan d u m est tarn en p ra e fa tu m can. 1099, slcu t de cetero can. 1084Codicis a. 1017, efficaciam iu rid ic a m eiu sm o d i e rro ri p e r se negare,cu m s ta tu a t e rro re m circa p ro p rie ta te s essen tiales et sa c ra m e n ta le md ig n ita te m m a trim o n ii co nsensum m a trim o n ialem n o n v itiare.Niihdloseclus p ra e te r fig u ra m e rro ris q u i effectu s iu rid ico s n o n p ro -d u cit, can. 109:9 a d m ittit et a lia m e rro ris iu ris fig u ram , q u i n em p e v o lu n ta te m contraibentis d e te rm in a re potest. T alis a u te m e rro r, q u i vocairi p o te st e rro r-v ltiu m , tu n c v e rific a tu r, cu m fit u n icu m m o tiv u mv o lu o tate m d e te rm in a n s ad elig en d u m sch em a m a trim o n ia le (re tarn enaigitur de sc h e m a te p se u d o -m atrim o n iali) co n fo rm e p lacitis exroneis,id e st co n so rtiu m solubile, polygam icum , n a n sa e ra m e n ta le. P ro fectoex hoc e rro re p ro c ed it v o lu n ta tis d e term in atio co n tra p ro p rie ta te s(essentiales vel sac ra m e n ta le m d ig n ita te m m atrim o n ii, ddscoirdiam efficiens tem p o re c o n tra ctu s in te r v o lu n ta te m internam i ta li e rro re d ete rrn in a ta m et e x te rn a m eius d ecla ratio n em , q u ae c o n seq u en ter v a lid u m v in cu lu m m a trim o n iale, ad instair can. 1101 § 2, p ro d u c ere n o nv alet.

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Henstra, Anne M., and Alfons J. M. Stams. "Novel Physiological Features of Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans and Thermoterrabacterium ferrireducens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 12 (December 2004): 7236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.12.7236-7240.2004.

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ABSTRACT Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans is able to grow by conversion of CO to H2 and CO2. Besides CO, only pyruvate was described as serving as an energy source. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, C. hydrogenoformans is closely related to Thermoterrabacterium ferrireducens. T. ferrireducens is like C. hydrogenoformans a gram-positive, thermophilic, strict anaerobic bacterium. However, it is capable of using various electron donors and acceptors for growth. Growth of C. hydrogenoformans with multiple electron donors and acceptors was tested. C. hydrogenoformans oxidized formate, lactate, glycerol, CO, and H2 with 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate as an electron acceptor. Sulfite, thiosulfate, sulfur, nitrate, and fumarate were reduced with lactate as an electron donor. T. ferrireducens oxidized CO with 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate as an electron acceptor but did not produce H2 from CO. In contrast to what was published before, T. ferrireducens was able to grow on lactate with sulfite, sulfur, and nitrate as electron acceptors.

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Han, Yong-Shen, Anthony F. Hill, and Richard Y. Kong. "An unusual alkylidyne homologation." Chemical Communications 54, no. 18 (2018): 2292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc00119g.

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Hydrolysis of the silyl-neopentylidyne complex [W(≡C^tBu)(SiCl₃)(CO)₂(dcpe)] (dcpe = 1,2-bis(dicyclohexlphosphino)ethane) affords the neohexylidyne complex [W(≡CCH₂^tBu)Cl₃(dcpe)], thereby modelling both Fischer–Tropsch CO reduction and C–C chain growth on a single metal centre.

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JANKOWSKA-SUMARA, IRENA, KRYSTIAN ROLEDER, A. MAJCHROWSKI, and J. ŻMIJA. "NONLINEAR ELECTROSTRICTIVE PROPERTIES OF PbZrO3:Sn SINGLE CRYSTALS WITH ANTIFERROELECTRIC PHASE TRANSITIONS." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 01, no. 02 (April 2011): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x11000252.

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The electrostrictive properties above Tε max represented by the field-related and polarization-related M and Q coefficients have been measured for PbZr 1 - x Sn x O 3 single crystals with aniferroelectric phase transitions. The investigations presented in this paper have proved that the M11(T) and Q11(T) runs bring direct information of the pre-transitional effects connected with the co-existence of local polar objects with nonpolar matrix. Due to this co-existence, nonlinear Q11(T) dependence in the neighborhood of T C has been detected. Observed even in a wide temperature above T C , this co-existence is a natural feature of the material with ABO3 perovskite structure that undergoes structural transition to polar phase.

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Yuan, Z., T. Wang, X. Lu, W. Dong, C. Bai, X. Hao, and Y. Duan. "T 90 Measurement of Co-C, Pt-C, and Re-C High-Temperature Fixed Points at the NIM." International Journal of Thermophysics 32, no. 7-8 (May 10, 2011): 1744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-011-0993-z.

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Lob, Sibylle, Meredith Hackel, Daryl DePestel, Katherine Young, Mary Motyl, and Daniel F. Sahm. "1587. Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam against Gram-Negative Isolates from Lower Respiratory Tract Infections – SMART United States 2018." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S790—S791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1767.

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Abstract Background Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor. C/T has been approved by the FDA and EMA for complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intraabdominal infections, and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Using isolates collected in the United States as part of the global SMART surveillance program, we evaluated the activity of C/T and comparators against gram-negative pathogens collected from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Methods In 2018, 24 hospitals in the US each collected up to 100 consecutive aerobic or facultative gram-negative bacilli (GNB) from LRTI for a total of 1773 isolates. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and breakpoints. C/T-nonsusceptible (NS) Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa isolates were screened by PCR and sequencing for genes encoding β-lactamases. Results The 3 most common species collected from LRTI were P. aeruginosa (35.0% of all collected GNB), K. pneumoniae (10.4%), and E. coli (9.6%). Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined comprised 86.3% of all collected LRTI GNB. The activity of C/T and comparators against GNB from LRTI is shown in the table. C/T was active against 93% of Enterobacterales isolates from LRTI (activity only exceeded by meropenem and amikacin), as well as against 97% of P. aeruginosa and 94% of all Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined (activity only exceeded by amikacin). C/T maintained activity against 69-83% of β-lactam-NS subsets of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa combined. Among 67 molecularly characterized C/T-NS Enterobacterales isolates, 19.4% carried KPC, 1.5% acquired AmpC, and 16.4% only extended-spectrum β-lactamases. No acquired β-lactamases were detected in the remaining 62.7% of isolates, of which 92.9% were species with intrinsic AmpC. Among 21 molecularly characterized C/T-NS P. aeruginosa, one isolate carried an IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase, and in the remaining isolates no acquired β-lactamases were detected. Table Conclusion With its broad coverage of Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa, C/T can provide an important empiric therapy option for patients with LRTI in the US. Disclosures Sibylle Lob, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant) Daryl DePestel, PharmD, BCPS-ID, Merck & Co, Inc (Employee) Katherine Young, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck & Co, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Independent Contractor)

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Bhattarai, Nirjal, Jennifer L. Welch, Jinhua Xiang, Muthu Saravanan Manoharan, Jeffrey A. Martinson, Alan L. Landay, Sunil K. Ahuja, James H. McLinden, and Jack T. Stapleton. "GB Virus C E2 Inhibits PD-1-Mediated T Cell Signaling Dysfunction during Chronic Viral Infection." Proceedings 50, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020050062.

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Background: Program death receptor 1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory receptor that is upregulated and contributes to T cell dysfunction (exhaustion) during chronic viral infections, including HIV and HCV. GB virus C (GBV-C) is a persistent human virus, and co-infection is associated with reduced immune activation and improved clinical outcomes in HIV- and Ebola-infected individuals. Methods: PD-1 levels were measured by flow cytometry on CD38+ T cells from 45 HIV-infected individuals, 20 of whom were co-infected with GBV-C. Jurkat cell lines that stably express GBV-C E2 protein and vector control were used to purify total cellular RNA before, and 24 h following, activation using anti-CD3/CD28 treatment. Gene expression was analyzed by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. Results: HIV-infected individuals with GBV-C viremia had reduced PD-1 expression on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to HIV-infected GBV-C negative individuals. GBV-C particles and GBV-C E2 protein each inhibited PD-1 expression on T cells in vitro. Consistent with this, GBV-C E2 reduced gene expression of PD-1, and its ligand PD-L1, in both resting and activated T cells. GBV-C E2 regulated transcription of the PD-1 signaling pathway and T cell activation associated genes, without downregulation of the interferon-stimulated and innate immunity-related genes needed to resolve viral infections. Conclusions: Our current understanding of chronic RNA virus infections is that upregulation of PD-1 with T cell exhaustion is critical for viral persistence. However, these data demonstrate that GBV-C infection reduced PD-1 expression on activated T cells during HIV infection, and that the GBV-C E2 protein inhibits PD-1 signaling in T cells. This may preserve T cell function and contribute to the lack of immune deficiency in people with chronic GBV-C infection. Understanding the mechanisms by which GBV-C E2 alters PD-1 signaling may aid in the development of novel immunomodulatory therapeutics to prevent T cell dysfunction (exhaustion) during chronic viral infections.

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Lazaratou, Christina Vasiliki, Stylianos Dimitrios Panagopoulos, Dimitrios V. Vayenas, Dionisios Panagiotaras, and Dimitrios Papoulis. "Thermally Modified Palygorskite Usage as Adsorbent in Fixed-Bed Reactor for High Concentration NH4+-N Removal and Further Application as N—Fertilizer in Hydroponic Cultivation." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 6541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196541.

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Palygorskite sample (Pal) underwent thermal treatment at 400 °C (T-Pal) to be used as adsorbent for the removal of 200 mg NH4+-N/L from artificial solution. After thermal treatment, the sample was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For NH4+-N removal, T-Pal was added as a bed matrix in fixed-bed reactor experiments and the effect of flow rate was determined. It was indicated that with the flow rate increase from 10 mL/min to 50 mL/min, fewer liters of the solution were purified, rendering a longer residual time of interactions, which is optimal for NH4+-N removal from T-Pal. The maximum removed amount was calculated at 978 mg NH4+-N (qtotal), suggesting T-Pal is a promising ammonium adsorbent. The data of kinetic experiments were applied to Clark, Yoon–Nelson, and Thomas kinetic models, with Clark having the best fit, highlighting a heterogenous adsorption. At the end of kinetic experiments, T-Pal applied in hydroponic cultivations and presented a sufficient release rate, which was found utilizable for saturated T-Pal usage as N fertilizer that satisfactory results were deemed concerning lettuces characteristics and growth.

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Alsaeed, S. S., M. I. Nelson, M. Edwards, and A. H. Msmali. "Investigating the effect of changing the decay coefficient in an activated sludge model." ANZIAM Journal 63 (March 29, 2023): C222—C236. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v63.17091.

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The activated sludge process (ASP) is widely used to treat both domestic and industrial wastewaters. The main disadvantage of the ASP is the expense of disposing of excess sludge, which can account for between fifty to sixty percent of the operating costs of a treatment plant. We examine a model for the ASP in which the biochemical processes are represented by a simplified version of the well known activated sludge model No. 1. A promising method to decrease sludge production is to increase sludge biodegradability. A variety of experimental methods exist to do this, such as enzyme treatment, ozonation, heat treatment, and ultrasound. We investigate the effect of increasing the decay coefficient upon two important process variables: the chemical oxygen demand and the total suspended solids. References R. T. Alqahtani, M. I. Nelson, and A. L. Worthy. Sludge disintegration. Appl. Math. Model. 40.17–18 (2016), pp. 7830–7843. doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2016.03.040 A. E. Billing and P. L. Dold. Modelling techniques for biological reaction systems; 2. Modelling of the steady state case. Water SA 14.4 (1988), pp. 193–206. http://wrcwebsite.azurewebsites.net/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/WaterSA_1988_04_504.PDF. European Council. Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment. Official J. E.U. L135 (1991), pp. 40–52. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A31991L0271 X. Hao, Q. Wang, Y. Cao, and M. C. M. van Loosdrecht. Evaluating sludge minimization caused by predation and viral infection based on the extended activated sludge model No. 2d. Water Res. 45.16 (2011), pp. 5130–5140. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.07.013 M. Henze, C. P. L. Grady Jr, W. Gujer, G. V. R. Marais, and T. Matsuo. A general model for single-sludge wastewater treatment systems. Water Res. 21.5 (1987), pp. 505–515. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(87)90058-3 S. G. Lu, T. Imai, M. Ukita, M. Sekine, T. Higuchi, and M. Fukagawa. A model for membrane bioreactor process based on the concept of formation and degradation of soluble microbial products. Water Res. 35.8 (2001), pp. 2038–2048. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00461-9 M. I. Nelson, E. Balakrishnan, H. S. Sidhu, and X. D. Chen. A fundamental analysis of continuous flow bioreactor models and membrane reactor models to process industrial wastewaters. Chem. Eng. J. 140.1-3 (2008), pp. 521–528. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2007.11.035 M. I. Nelson, H. S. Sidhu, S. Watt, and F. I. Hai. Performance analysis of the activated sludge model (number 1). Food Bioprod. Process. 116 (2019), pp. 41–53. doi: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.03.014 Y. Wei, R. T. Van Houten, A. R. Borger, D. H. Eikelboom, and Y. Fan. Minimization of excess sludge production for biological wastewater treatment. Water Res. 37.18 (2003), pp. 4453–4467. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00441-X S.-H. Yoon and S. Lee. Critical operational parameters for zero sludge production in biological wastewater treatment processes combined with sludge disintegration. Water Res. 39 (2005), pp. 3738–3754. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.015

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AlShamrani, Noura H., Matuka A. Alshaikh, Ahmed M. Elaiw, and Khalid Hattaf. "Dynamics of HIV-1/HTLV-I Co-Infection Model with Humoral Immunity and Cellular Infection." Viruses 14, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081719.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are two retroviruses which infect the same target, CD4+ T cells. This type of cell is considered the main component of the immune system. Since both viruses have the same means of transmission between individuals, HIV-1-infected patients are more exposed to the chance of co-infection with HTLV-I, and vice versa, compared to the general population. The mathematical modeling and analysis of within-host HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection dynamics can be considered a robust tool to support biological and medical research. In this study, we have formulated and analyzed an HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection model with humoral immunity, taking into account both latent HIV-1-infected cells and HTLV-I-infected cells. The model considers two modes of HIV-1 dissemination, virus-to-cell (V-T-C) and cell-to-cell (C-T-C). We prove the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions of the model. We find all steady states of the model and establish their existence conditions. We utilize Lyapunov functions and LaSalle’s invariance principle to investigate the global stability of all the steady states of the model. Numerical simulations were performed to illustrate the corresponding theoretical results. The effects of humoral immunity and C-T-C transmission on the HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection dynamics are discussed. We have shown that humoral immunity does not play the role of clearing an HIV-1 infection but it can control HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, we note that the omission of C-T-C transmission from the HIV-1/HTLV-I co-infection model leads to an under-evaluation of the basic HIV-1 mono-infection reproductive ratio.

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Tozman, Pelin, Hossein Sepehri-Amin, Xin Tang, Tadakatsu Ohkubo, and Kazuhiro Hono. "Development of Co-lean (Sm,Y)(Fe,Co,Ti)₁₂ compounds with large saturation magnetization." Applied Physics Express 15, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 045505. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac5b34.

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Abstract Large saturation magnetization in the SmFe12-based compounds is realized by substitution of scarce Co for Fe site. However, reduction of Co is necessary for their potential practical applications. In this work, we successfully decrease the concentration of Co, from 17.3 at% to 8.7 at% while maintaining large μ 0 M s of 1.41 T at 300 K in Ti reduced Sm0.8Y0.2(Fe0.9Co0.1)11.25Ti0.75 compound. In addition, we report the highest μ 0 M s for bulk Sm0.8Y0.2(Fe0.8Co0.2)11.25Ti0.75 with μ 0 M s = 1.49 T, μ 0 H a = 9.14 T at 300 K and T c = 831 K. We demonstrate (Sm0.8Y0.2)Fe12-based compounds exhibit superior intrinsic magnetic properties than Nd2Fe14B above 473 K.

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Jackson, Carl-Christian A., Jason Newland, Natalia Dementieva, Julia Lonchar, Feng-Hsiu Su, Jennifer A. Huntington, Mekki Bensaci, et al. "1154. Safety and Efficacy of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Plus Metronidazole Versus Meropenem in Pediatric Participants With Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection: A Phase 2, Randomized Clinical Trial." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S668—S669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1347.

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Abstract Background Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), a cephalosporin–β-lactamase inhibitor combination, is approved for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI), and nosocomial pneumonia in adults. Safety and efficacy of C/T in pediatric participants with cIAI was assessed. Methods This phase 2 study (NCT03217136) compared C/T + metronidazole (MTZ) with meropenem (MEM) for treatment of cIAI. Age- and weight-adjusted dosing is summarized in Table 1. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of C/T + MTZ compared with MEM. A key secondary endpoint was clinical cure at end of treatment (EOT) and test of cure (TOC). Table 1. Summary of Dosing and Pharmacokinetic Sampling Schedule by Age Cohort Results A total of 94 participants were randomized 3:1; 91 were treated with C/T + MTZ (n=70) or MEM (n=21) comprising the modified intent-to-treat (MITT) population. The clinically evaluable population included 78 participants at EOT (C/T + MTZ, n=59; MEM, n=19) and 77 participants at TOC (C/T + MTZ, n=58; MEM, n=19). The most common diagnosis and pathogen in the MITT population were complicated appendicitis (C/T + MTZ, 91.4%; MEM, 100%) and Escherichia coli (C/T + MTZ, 67.1%; MEM, 61.9%). The mean (SD) intravenous therapy/overall treatment duration was 6.4 (2.8)/9.3 (3.6) days and 5.8 (1.8)/9.0 (3.2) days for C/T + MTZ and MEM, respectively. In total, ≥1 adverse events (AE) occurred in 80.0% and 61.9% of participants receiving C/T + MTZ and MEM, respectively (Table 2), of which 18.6% and 14.3% were considered drug related. Serious AE occurred in 11.4% (8/70) and 0% (0/21) of participants receiving C/T + MTZ and MEM, respectively; none were considered drug related. No drug-related study drug discontinuations occurred. In the MITT population, rates of clinical cure for C/T + MTZ and MEM at EOT were 80.0% and 95.2%, and at TOC were 80.0% and 100%, respectively (Figure 1); 6 of the 14 failures for C/T + MTZ were indeterminate responses scored as endpoint failures per protocol. In the clinically evaluable (CE) population, rates of clinical cure for C/T + MTZ and MEM were 89.8% and 100% at EOT, and 89.7% and 100% at TOC, respectively (Figure 1). Conclusion C/T + MTZ was well tolerated in pediatric participants with cIAI, and rates of clinical success were high with C/T treatment. C/T is a promising new treatment option for children with cIAI. Disclosures Carl-Christian A. Jackson, MD, Merck & Co. Inc. (Shareholder) Julia Lonchar, MSc, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (Employee, Shareholder) Feng-Hsiu Su, MPH, MBA, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (Employee, Shareholder) Jennifer A. Huntington, PharmD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (Employee) Mekki Bensaci, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (Employee) Myra W. Popejoy, PharmD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (Employee) Matthew G. Johnson, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (Employee) Carisa S. De Anda, PharmD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (Employee, Shareholder) Elizabeth G. Rhee, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp (Employee, Shareholder) Christopher Bruno, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (Employee)

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Susilawati, Susilawati, Khairunnisa Khairunnisa, and Aris Doyan. "Sintesis Bahan M-Hexaferrites dengan Doping Logam Co Menggunakan FTIR." Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi 1, no. 3 (March 14, 2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v1i3.256.

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Has successfully carried out the study synthesis of materials M-heksaferit with doping metal Co using FTIR. The study was conducted to see the phase that forms on M-hexaferrites material by adding a transition metal element cobalt (Co) with the mole fraction x 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 done drying with T 80°C for 2 hours and calcined the T 400, 600, 800°C for 4 hours. Barium M-hexaferrites BaFe12O19 characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the picture looks FTIR results for the mole fraction x 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 located on T 8000C.

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Zhang, Zeting, Huinan Guo, Weiqin Li, Guishu Liu, Yan Zhang, and Yijing Wang. "Sandwich-like Co3O4/MXene composites as high capacity electrodes for lithium-ion batteries." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 15 (2020): 5913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj06072c.

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The synergistic effect of Co₃O₄ and Ti₃C₂T_x and the lithiation-induced refining architecture of Co₃O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x contribute to remarkable performance.

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Chen, Si, Xuejiao Zhou, Xinzhi Ma, Lu Li, Panpan Sun, and Mingyi Zhang. "Asymmetric supercapacitors with excellent rate performance by integrating Co(OH)F nanorods and layered Ti3C2Tx paper." RSC Advances 9, no. 53 (2019): 30957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06393e.

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Here we describe an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor assembled using Co(OH)F nanorods on Ni foam (Co(OH)F@NF) as the positive electrode and layered Ti₃C₂T_x paper on Ni foam (Ti₃C₂T_x@NF) as the negative electrode.

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Lob, Sibylle, Meredith Hackel, C. Andrew DeRyke, Kelly Harris, Katherine Young, Mary Motyl, and Daniel F. Sahm. "1294. Activity of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam and Comparators against Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Patients with Respiratory Tract or Bloodstream Infections in ICU and non-ICU settings – SMART United States 2018-2019." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S735—S736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1486.

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Abstract Background ICUs are considered hotspots of antimicrobial resistance. Treatment of ICU patients with infections caused by P. aeruginosa (Pa) is especially challenging. When patients fail to improve on therapy with first-line antipseudomonal agents such as piperacillin/tazobactam (P/T) or cefepime (FEP), clinicians often escalate to a carbapenem. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin (combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor) that was specifically developed to have enhanced antibacterial activity against Pa. We evaluated the activity of C/T and comparators against Pa isolates collected from patients with respiratory tract (RTI) or bloodstream infections (BSI) in ICU and non-ICU settings. Co-resistance (e.g., activity of C/T or meropenem (MEM) when Pa is nonsusceptible (NS) to P/T or FEP) was also evaluated to help inform common clinical scenarios. Methods In 2018-2019, 24 US clinical labs each collected up to 100 RTI and 50 BSI consecutive gram-negative pathogens per year as part of the global SMART surveillance program. Only the 1195 Pa isolates collected from patients in ICU or non-ICU hospital wards were included in this report; 1078 and 117 isolates were from patients with RTI and BSI, respectively. MICs were determined using CLSI broth microdilution and breakpoints. Results Susceptibility for P/T, FEP, and MEM was generally lower among isolates from patients in ICU than non-ICU wards by 5-14 percentage points, while the difference was ≤3 percentage points for C/T (Table). C/T maintained activity against 96% of ICU isolates, 17-23 percentage points higher than P/T, MEM, or FEP. MEM inhibited 40% of P/T-NS and 34% of FEP-NS ICU isolates, while C/T maintained activity against 81-88% of P/T-NS, FEP-NS, and MEM-NS isolates from ICU patients (Table, Figure). Results Table Conclusion High co-resistance in Pa was seen with P/T, FEP, and MEM especially among ICU isolates. These data suggest that routine escalation to a carbapenem may not be optimal in some critically ill patients not responding to empiric therapy. Among the tested β-lactam antibiotics, C/T showed the highest activity against Pa isolates overall and among resistant phenotypes. Disclosures Sibylle Lob, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) Meredith Hackel, PhD MPH, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor) C. Andrew DeRyke, PharmD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Kelly Harris, PharmD, BCPS, Merck & Co. Inc (Employee) Katherine Young, MS, Merck (Employee) Mary Motyl, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel F. Sahm, PhD, IHMA (Employee)Pfizer, Inc. (Independent Contractor)

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Forslund, Ola Kenji, Daniel Andreica, Hiroto Ohta, Masaki Imai, Chishiro Michioka, Kazuyoshi Yoshimura, Martin Månsson, and Jun Sugiyama. "Co-existence of short- and long-range magnetic order in LaCo₂P₂." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac3cf9.

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Abstract The ferromagnetic (FM) nature of the metallic LaCo2P2 was investigated with the positive muon spin rotation, relaxation and resonance (μ +SR) technique. Transverse and zero field μ + SR measurements revealed that the compound enters a long range FM ground state at T C ZF = 135.00 ( 1 ) K, consistent with previous studies. Based on the reported FM structure, the internal magnetic field was computed at the muon sites, which were predicted with first principles calculations. The computed result agree well with the experimental data. Moreover, although LaCo2P2 is a paramagnet at higher temperatures T > 160 K, it enters a short range ordered (SRO) magnetic phase for T C ZF < T ≤ 160 K. Measurements below the vicinity of T C ZF revealed that the SRO phase co-exists with the long range FM order at temperatures 124 K ≤ T ≤ T C ZF . Such co-existence is an intrinsic property and may be explained by an interplay between spin and lattice degree of freedoms.

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Sumida, Masaki, and Wilfried Kurz. "Peritectic equilibrium in Fe-Co alloys." International Journal of Materials Research 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2002-0197.

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Abstract Recent results of directional solidification experiments with Fe–Co alloys were not consistent with the presently accepted peritectic phase diagram. Therefore, the Fe-rich part of this phase diagram was re-examined. High-temperature gradient plane front solidification was carried out at a low velocity. After quenching of the specimen from the peritectic temperature, the compositions of the phases close to the solid/liquid interface were determined through electron probe microanalysis. Using these results together with previously published phase diagram information, an improved phase diagram is proposed with the peritectic equilibrium at T p = 1774 K, C δ = 17.7, C γ = 18.1 and C L = 19.5 at.% Co.

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Wan, F., M. D. Sumption, and E. W. Collings. "Mechanism of enhanced critical fields and critical current densities of MgB₂ wires with C/Dy₂O₃ co-additions." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 023905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0130589.

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A series of monofilamentary powder-in-tube MgB2 wires were fabricated with 2 mol. % C doping and co-additions of 0–3 wt. % Dy2O3. Irreversibility fields ( μ0 Hirr), upper critical fields ( μ0 Hc2), and transport critical currents were measured, and from these quantities, anisotropies [Formula: see text] and electronic diffusivities [Formula: see text] were estimated. The addition of 1 wt. % Dy2O3 to already optimally C-doped MgB2 wires produced higher Hc2 //ab, Hc2 //c, and Hirr values at 4.2 K. In addition, the critical current density, Jc, increased with Dy2O3 concentration up to 1 wt. % where non-barrier Jc reached 4.35 × 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, 10 T. At higher temperatures, for example, 20 K and 5 T, co-additions of 2 mol. % C and 2 wt. % Dy2O3 improved non-barrier Jc by 40% and 93% compared to 2 and 3 mol. % C doping, respectively. On the other hand, measurements of Tc showed that C/Dy2O3 co-additions increase interband scattering rates at a lower rate than C doping does (assuming C doping levels giving similar levels of low-T μ0 Hc2 increase as co-addition). Comparisons to a two-band model for μ0 Hc2 in MgB2 allowed us to conclude that the increases in Hc2 //ab, Hc2 //c, and Hirr (as well as concomitant increases in high-field Jc) with Dy2O3 addition are consistent with increases primarily in intraband scattering. This suggests C/Dy2O3 co-addition to be a more promising candidate for improving non-barrier Jc of MgB2 at temperatures above 20 K.

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Tochiki, Nozomi, Miwako Narita, Zhiyin Zheng, Chengfang Lu, Norihiro Watanabe, Anri Saitoh, Noriyuki Satoh, et al. "Induction of Recipient Cell-Specific Donor T Cell Anergy by UV-C-Irradiated Recipient Immature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4897.4897.

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Abstract The induction of donor T cell anergy to recipient cells for reducing GVHD could be one way of expanding donor candidates for HLA-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The present study was designed to clarify whether recipient cell-specific T cell anergy could be induced by priming donor lymphocytes with recipient monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) irradiated with UV-C. By irradiation of mo-DCs with 100 J/m2 or more UV-C, the expression of DC-associated surface phenotypes such as CD1a, CD54, CD40, CD80, CD83 and CD86 was reduced in one day after irradiation and the effects of UV-C irradiation continued for at least 7 days. By irradiation of mo-DCs with 100 J/m2 or more UV-C, the antigen-presenting ability of both immature and mature mo-DCs, which was examined by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay, was clearly decreased at UV-C dose-dependent manner. Proliferation of CSFE-labeled lymphocytes by the stimulation with immature or mature Mo-DCs was suppressed by 300 J/m2 UV-C irradiation to immature or mature mo-DCs. The response of normal donor 1 lymphocytes, which had been co-cultured with 300–3,000 J/m2 UV-C-irradiated donor 2 immature mo-DCs for 7 days, against mature donor 2 mo-DCs in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) for 7 days was markedly reduced, compared with the response of the donor 1 lymphocytes co-cultured with non-irradiated donor 2 mo-DCs or UV-C-irradiated mo-DCs derived from a different individual donor 3. CFSE-labeling analysis of donor 1 lymphocytes, which were co-cultured with 300 J/m2 UV-C irradiated donor 2 mo-DCs in the first MLC and then stimulated with donor 2 mature mo-DCs in the second MLC, showed that by stimulation with mature mo-DCs in the second MLC, the proliferation of donor 1 lymphocytes co-cultured with UV-C irradiated donor 2 mo-DCs in the first MLC was less than that of the lymphocytes co-cultured with non-irradiated mature mo-DCs. Flow cytometry analysis of the lymphocytes co-cultured with 300 J/m2 UV-C irradiated mo-DCs using surface CD4/CD25 and cytoplasmic Foxp3 monoclonal antibodies revealed that there was no increase of regulatory T cell population in the lymphocytes co-cultured with UV-C-irradiated immature mo-DCs, compared with the lymphocytes co-cultured with non-irradiated immature mo-DCs. Cell proliferation in allogeneic MLC consisting of lymphocytes as responder cells and mature mo-DCs as stimulator cells was not suppressed by the addition of the lymphocytes co-cultured with UV-C-irradiated immature mo-DCs. The present study demonstrated that recipient cell-specific T cell anergy could be induced by priming donor lymphocytes with UV-C-irradiated immature mo-DCs derived from a recipient and the T cell anergy was not associated with regulatory T cells. These data suggest the applicability of donor graft cells, which have been pre-stimulated with UV-C-irradiated recipient immature mo-DCs for expanding donor candidates for HLA-mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

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