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McPartland, John M., and Ernest Small. "A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives." PhytoKeys 144 (April 3, 2020): 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700.
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Two kinds of drug-type Cannabis gained layman’s terms in the 1980s. “Sativa” had origins in South Asia (India), with early historical dissemination to Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas. “Indica” had origins in Central Asia (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkestan). We have assigned unambiguous taxonomic names to these varieties, after examining morphological characters in 1100 herbarium specimens, and analyzing phytochemical and genetic data from the literature in a meta-analysis. “Sativa” and “Indica” are recognized as C. sativa subsp. indica var. indica and C. sativa subsp. indica var. afghanica, respectively. Their wild-growing relatives are C. sativa subsp. indica var. himalayensis (in South Asia), and C. sativa subsp. indica var. asperrima (in Central Asia). Natural selection initiated divergence, driven by climatic conditions in South and Central Asia. Subsequent domestication drove further phytochemical divergence. South and Central Asian domesticates can be distinguished by tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content (THC/CBD ratios, ≥7 or <7, respectively), terpenoid profiles (absence or presence of sesquiterpene alcohols), and a suite of morphological characters. The two domesticates have undergone widespread introgressive hybridization in the past 50 years. This has obliterated differences between hybridized “Sativa” and “Indica” currently available. “Strains” alleged to represent “Sativa” and “Indica” are usually based on THC/CBD ratios of plants with undocumented hybrid backgrounds (with so-called “Indicas” often delimited simply on possession of more CBD than “Sativas”). The classification presented here circumscribes and names four taxa of Cannabis that represent critically endangered reservoirs of germplasm from which modern cannabinoid strains originated, and which are in urgent need of conservation.
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Batista, D., T. Valdiviesso, L. Santos, O. S. Paulo, J. Gomes-Laranjo, and R. Costa. "GENOTYPING CASTANEA SATIVA × C. CRENATA AND C. SATIVA × C. MOLLISSIMA F1 HYBRIDS USING NUCLEAR SSRS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 784 (March 2008): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.784.15.
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Besson, Elisabeth, Georgette Dellamonica, Jean Chopin, Kenneth R. Markham, Mujo Kim, Hen-Sik Koh, and Hiroshi Fukami. "C-glycosylflavones from Oryza sativa." Phytochemistry 24, no. 5 (January 1985): 1061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)83183-0.
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Soroka, Juliana, Chrystel Olivier, Larry Grenkow, and Ginette Séguin-Swartz. "Interactions between Camelina sativa (Brassicaceae) and insect pests of canola." Canadian Entomologist 147, no. 2 (August 22, 2014): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.42.
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AbstractIn an investigation of Camelina sativa (Linnaeus) Crantz (Brassicaceae) and five common insect pests of canola (Brassica napus Linnaeus) (Brassicaceae), little feeding damage to the plant was inflicted by crucifer-feeding specialist flea beetles (Phyllotreta Chevrolat species) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Delia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) root maggots, or diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)). In choice tests, diamondback moths laid fewer eggs on C. sativa than on B. napus leaves. Diamondback moth larvae consumed less C. sativa leaf tissue, and tended to have a longer developmental period on C. sativa. Larvae of the polyphagous bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) had similar feeding levels on C. sativa and B. napus plants. However, there was a longer developmental period from larval to pupal stage and pupae weighed less when fed on C. sativa foliage, suggesting that C. sativa contains antibiosis factors against bertha armyworm. Two strains of aster yellows phytoplasma, 16SrI-A and 16SrI-B, were identified in C. sativa and in Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Forbes) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Differences in incidence of aster yellows and abundance of M. quadrilineatus were observed among lines of C. sativa. The findings confirm that C. sativa is unlikely to support high populations of these insect pests on the Canadian prairies.
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Sharol Hisam, Arisya Hanim, Nurfarhana Rasli, Nur Fatihah Abdul Razak, Ain Sofea Nabila Aidy Ajmer, Joe Dailin Daniel, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Wen Nee Tan, and Woei Yenn Tong. "Potential Medical Benefits of Cannabis sativa and Its Controversies." ICMST 19, s9 (August 10, 2023): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.43.
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There are over 40 countries that have legalised the use of Cannabis sativa for medical purposes. The objective of this review is to discuss the benefits of C. sativa usage for medical purposes and the conflicts that may arise from its usage. In terms of neurological disorders, medical C. sativa is effective in reducing the symptoms of neuropathic and peripheral pain, Tic disorder, Parkinson’s Disease, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Besides, C. sativa has been proven to reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, anxiety, and schizophrenia. With the legalization of C. sativa for medical purposes, there are conflicts that arise, including public attitudes and social acceptability. In conclusion, medical C. sativa showed significant medical benefits in managing neurological, mental, and other pain-related illnesses. However, C. sativa can also cause conflicts in the legalization process due to adverse effects shown to users after consuming it for a period of time.
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Chaudhary, Raju, Chu Shin Koh, Sateesh Kagale, Lily Tang, Siu Wah Wu, Zhenling Lv, Annaliese S. Mason, Andrew G. Sharpe, Axel Diederichsen, and Isobel A. P. Parkin. "Assessing Diversity in the Camelina Genus Provides Insights into the Genome Structure of Camelina sativa." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400957.
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Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family is gaining attention due to its potential as a source of high value oil for food, feed or fuel. The hexaploid domesticated C. sativa has limited genetic diversity, encouraging the exploration of related species for novel allelic variation for traits of interest. The current study utilized genotyping by sequencing to characterize 193 Camelina accessions belonging to seven different species collected primarily from the Ukrainian-Russian region and Eastern Europe. Population analyses among Camelina accessions with a 2n = 40 karyotype identified three subpopulations, two composed of domesticated C. sativa and one of C. microcarpa species. Winter type Camelina lines were identified as admixtures of C. sativa and C. microcarpa. Eighteen genotypes of related C. microcarpa unexpectedly shared only two subgenomes with C. sativa, suggesting a novel or cryptic sub-species of C. microcarpa with 19 haploid chromosomes. One C. microcarpa accession (2n = 26) was found to comprise the first two subgenomes of C. sativa suggesting a tetraploid structure. The defined chromosome series among C. microcarpa germplasm, including the newly designated C. neglecta diploid née C. microcarpa, suggested an evolutionary trajectory for the formation of the C. sativa hexaploid genome and re-defined the underlying subgenome structure of the reference genome.
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Basyal, Puskar, and Prerok Regmi. "Ethnobotany, Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa." International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55530/ijmbiosnepal.v5i2.37.
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Introduction: Cannabis is an annual dioecious plant, which shares its origins with the inception of the first agricultural human societies in Asia. Over the course of time different parts of the plant have been utilized for therapeutic and recreational purposes. Linnaeus was the first person to describe Cannabis as Cannabis sativa (C.sativa). Numerous bioactive phytochemicals are extracted from C. sativa that signal for medicinal development. Methods:The review aims to provide a different perspective of the ethnobotanical, taxonomy and chemical aspects from the ancient times of C. sativa. The study was conducted with the review of scientific papers from Pubmed, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Springer, Elseveir, Science Direct, Taylor Francis and online textbooks of C. sativa. Results: C. sativa has its origin from Asia. It has traditional spiritual, household and therapeutic uses. Cannabis is a monotypic genera with three different varieties: C sativa var. sativa, C sativa var. indica, C sativa var. ruderalis. A total of 565 chemicals (120 cannabinoids and 445 non cannabinoids) have been recorded in Cannabis. Conclusions: Cannabis is an ethnobotanical rich and phytochemical significant therapeutic plant. Because of lack of scientific research, the taxonomic aspects are still hidden. This study recommends exploratory study on ethnobotanical, taxonomical and phytochemicals of Nepalese Cannabis.
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Mazhar, Hafiz Rizwan, Muhammad Faizan Ullah, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Shafqat Ali, Muhammad Usman, Usama Ahmad, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Faizan Ullah, and Shahid Iqbal. "DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PHYTOCHEMICALS TOWARDS XANTHOMONAS CITRI PV. CITRI CAUSING CITRUS CANKER." Agricultural Sciences Journal 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.003.02.094.
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Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is the most destructive disease of citrus throughout the world. Synthetic chemicals have so far proved ineffective and harmful to the environment. That is why in current study, phyto-extracts were examined due to their less hazardous and eco-friendly nature. For the management of citrus canker, nine medicinal phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa, C. tamala, Z. officinale, P. nigrum, C. verum, S. aromaticum, E. globu, T. Graecum) were evaluated under lab condition. Maximum inhibition zone was produced by C. colocynthis (25.71mm) followed by N. sativa (21.52mm), C. tamala (18.63mm), Z. officinale (20.42mm), P. nigrum (18.99mm). C. verum (15.73mm), S. aromaticum (18.75mm), E. globu (15.37mm), T. Graecum (14.57mm) as compared to control under lab conditions. The most effective phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa) were evaluated under greenhouse and field condition. Minimum disease severity (12.62%) was observed when of (C. colocynthis + N. sativa) were applied in combination followed by C. colocynthis (23.23%) and N. sativa (28.31%) as compared to the control under greenhouse condition. Maximum disease incidence was noticed by N. sativa (42.18%), C. colocynthis (36.79%) and minimum disease incidence (27.40%) was observed when (C. colocynthis+ N. sativa) were applied in combinations under field condition as compared to the control and reduce the disease severity up to 50%. The results showed that C. colocynthis+ N. sativa can be implicated for the management of citrus canker.
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Mazhar, Hafiz Rizwan, Muhammad Faizan Ullah, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Shafqat Ali, Muhammad Usman, Usama Ahmad, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Faizan Ullah, and Shahid Iqbal. "DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PHYTOCHEMICALS TOWARDS XANTHOMONAS CITRI PV. CITRI CAUSING CITRUS CANKER." Agricultural Sciences Journal 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v3i2.94.
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Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is the most destructive disease of citrus throughout the world. Synthetic chemicals have so far proved ineffective and harmful to the environment. That is why in current study, phyto-extracts were examined due to their less hazardous and eco-friendly nature. For the management of citrus canker, nine medicinal phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa, C. tamala, Z. officinale, P. nigrum, C. verum, S. aromaticum, E. globu, T. Graecum) were evaluated under lab condition. Maximum inhibition zone was produced by C. colocynthis (25.71mm) followed by N. sativa (21.52mm), C. tamala (18.63mm), Z. officinale (20.42mm), P. nigrum (18.99mm). C. verum (15.73mm), S. aromaticum (18.75mm), E. globu (15.37mm), T. Graecum (14.57mm) as compared to control under lab conditions. The most effective phytoextract (C. colocynthis, N. sativa) were evaluated under greenhouse and field condition. Minimum disease severity (12.62%) was observed when of (C. colocynthis + N. sativa) were applied in combination followed by C. colocynthis (23.23%) and N. sativa (28.31%) as compared to the control under greenhouse condition. Maximum disease incidence was noticed by N. sativa (42.18%), C. colocynthis (36.79%) and minimum disease incidence (27.40%) was observed when (C. colocynthis+ N. sativa) were applied in combinations under field condition as compared to the control and reduce the disease severity up to 50%. The results showed that C. colocynthis+ N. sativa can be implicated for the management of citrus canker.
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Mirek, Zbigniew. "Taxonomy and nomenclature of Camelina pilosa auct." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 49, no. 4 (2014): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1980.050.
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It was found when examining typical herbary material that <em>Camelina</em> sativa a pilosa DC. is a synonym, of C. microcarpa Andrz.. subsp. silvestris (Wallr.) Hiit. and C. pilosa (DC:) Zing. Q=C. sativa (L.) Cr. subsp. pilosa (DC.) Zing.) belongs to C. sativa (L.) Cr. s.l.. Therefore the name of C. pilosa (DC.) Zing. as based on the alien type should be rejected and the author suggests in its place the name of C. sativa (L.) Cr. var. Zingeri Mirek vas. nova.
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Gomes-Laranjo, J., J. Paulo Coutinho, and F. Peixoto. "ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF C. SATIVA MILL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 784 (March 2008): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.784.14.
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Gugel, R. K., and K. C. Falk. "Agronomic and seed quality evaluation of Camelina sativa in western Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 4 (October 10, 2006): 1047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-081.
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Renewed interest in Camelina sativa is primarily due to the unique fatty acid profile of the seed oil and its potential value in industry, cosmetics and human nutrition. To exploit C. sativa in western Canada, more information is needed on the performance of this crop in this region. Following a preliminary evaluation in 2001, replicated agronomic trials were conducted in 2002 and 2005 with 19 C. sativa and three oilseed Brassica accessions at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan and Beaverlodge, Alberta. The C. sativa accessions matured relatively early and were more tolerant of drought and flea beetle infestations than the Brassica oilseeds. Some C. sativa accessions had seed yields competitive with those of the Brassica oilseeds, but seed size was significantly smaller. Seed yields and oil contents of all crop species tested were highest at Beaverlodge, the most northern location. The Brassica oilseeds generally had higher oil contents than C. sativa; the highest oil contents of each crop species tested were associated with the lowest protein contents. In general, average oil and protein contents for C. sativa ranged from 38 to 43% and from 27 to 32%, respectively; for the Brassica checks, oil and protein contents ranged from 38 to 53% and from 21 to 33%, respectively, across all species. Variation in fatty acid composition was higher among the C. sativa accessions than among locations, but overall the ranges of individual fatty acids were relatively narrow. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic (12.8–14.7%), linoleic (16.3–17.2%), linolenic (36.2–39.4%) and eicosenoic (14.0–15.5%). The prospects of developing improved C. sativa germplasm for particular western Canadian environments are good; of primary importance are increased seed size and oil content. Additionally, stand establishment, fertility requirements and broadleaf weed control options need to be investigated. Acceptance of this species as a new oilseed crop for western Canada will also require developing sustainable markets for the oil and meal. Key words: Camelina sativa, seed quality, agronomic trait, oil and protein content, fatty acid
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Rusda, Muhammad, Ichwanul Adenin, M. Fidel Ganis Siregar, Andrina Y. M. Rambe, and Yudha Sudewo. "Therapeutic Effect of 48 h after Nigella sativa Extract Administration on Female Wistar Rats Vaginal Candidiasis Model: An Experimental Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T3 (March 7, 2021): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5904.
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BACKGROUND: Candida albicans was the common causes of vulvovaginalis candidiasis (VVC) in human. To avoid complications, prompt and proper treatment of VVC must be performed. The pharmacological effects of Nigella sativa include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulation, and anti-cancer properties. AIM: N. sativa has been shown to have an in vivo antifungal effect and the purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal and potential in vivo therapeutic effects. METHODS: This research was an empirical study which evaluated the therapeutic effect of the vaginal candidiasis model of N. sativa in rats. The subjects were 28 rats inoculated with C. albicans and were divided into four groups: Control group (G1), fluconazole group (G2), N. sativa group (G3), and N. sativa and fluconazole group combinations (G4). The colony of C. albicans was assessed to determine the treatment’s therapeutic effect. RESULTS: There was no difference in the number of colonies of C. albicans between all the pre-inoculation (p = 0.274) and post-inoculation (p = 0.323) classes. A substantial decrease in the number of C. albicans colonies within 48 h of treatment was observed between the three control group treatment forms (N. sativa group p = 0.046; fluconazole group p = 0.002; and N. sativa + fluconazole group p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic effect of N. sativa has been achieved by reducing the number of colonies of C. albicans.
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Rejdali, Mohamed, Omar Benamari, Fatima Zahrae Laaboudi, Amin Salhi, Fouad Mourabit, Soufian El barkany, Abedellah Elyoussfi, Hassan Amhamdi, and M’hamed Ahari. "Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L. from the Al-Hoceima province in northern Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 527 (2024): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452701020.
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Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L. is an industrial plant that has gained importance due to its essential oil (EO), which has commercial, medical, and potential cosmetic applications. Despite its significance, the chemical constituents of the C. sativa EO cultivated in Morocco is not well understood. In this context, the current study aimed to define and analyze the volatile fraction and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the plant C. sativa EO for the first time in the Al-Hoceima province in northern Morocco. To assess its chemical composition, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized after hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-style apparatus. The analysis revealed that caryophyllene, α-humulene, and β-myrcene were the major constituents, accounting for 31.77%, 11.21%, and 8.76% of the EO, respectively. Antioxidant activity results indicate that the potency of C. sativa EO is interesting (IC50 = 4.45 mg/mL) for the DPPH● (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test. These findings indicate that the C. sativa EO may serve as a natural source of antioxidants.
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Vitola, Ian, Carlos Angulo, Raul C. Baptista-Rosas, Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza, Zazil Yadel Escalante-García, Angélica Villarruel-López, and Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara. "Prospects in the Use of Cannabis sativa Extracts in Nanoemulsions." BioTech 13, no. 4 (December 2, 2024): 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech13040053.
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Cannabis sativa plants have been widely investigated for their specific compounds with medicinal properties. These bioactive compounds exert preventive and curative effects on non-communicable and infectious diseases. However, C. sativa extracts have barely been investigated, although they constitute an affordable option to treat human diseases. Nonetheless, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunogenicity effects have been associated with C. sativa extracts. Furthermore, innovative extraction methods in combination with nanoformulations have been proposed to increase desirable compounds’ availability, distribution, and conservation, which can be aided by modern computational tools in a transdisciplinary approach. This review aims to describe available extraction and nanoformulation methods for C. sativa, as well as its known antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunogenic activities. Critical points on the use of C. sativa extracts in nanoformulations are identified and some prospects are envisaged.
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Odieka, Anwuli Endurance, Gloria Ukalina Obuzor, Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji, Mavuto Gondwe, Yiseyon Sunday Hosu, and Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji. "The Medicinal Natural Products of Cannabis sativa Linn.: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051689.
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Cannabis sativa is known among many cultures for its medicinal potential. Its complexity contributes to the historical application of various parts of the plant in ethno-medicines and pharmacotherapy. C. sativa has been used for the treatment of rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, skin burns, pain, the management of sexually transmitted diseases, difficulties during child labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal activity. However, the use of C. sativa is still limited, and it is illegal in most countries. Thus, this review aims to highlight the biological potential of the plant parts, as well as the techniques for the extraction, isolation, and characterization of C. sativa compounds. The plant produces a unique class of terpenophenolic compounds, called cannabinoids, as well as non-cannabinoid compounds. The exhaustive profiling of bioactive compounds and the chemical characterization and analysis of C. sativa compounds, which modern research has not yet fully achieved, is needed for the consistency, standardization, and the justified application of Cannabis sativa products for therapeutic purposes. Studies on the clinical relevance and applications of cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid phenols in the prevention and treatment of life-threatening diseases is indeed significant. Furthermore, psychoactive cannabinoids, when chemically standardized and administered under medical supervision, can be the legal answer to the use of C. sativa.
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EKŞİ, Saliha, Ülkü Zeynep ÜREYEN ESERTAŞ, Ali Osman KILIÇ, Nebahat EJDER, and Barış UZUNOK. "Determination of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects and ‘Quorum Sensing’ inhibition potentials of Castanea sativa Mill. extracts." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48111736.
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The rapid rise of resistance causes existing antibiotics to become dysfunctional. Therefore, search for new antimicrobial active ingredients has increased in recent years. In this study, flower extracts of Castanea sativa were examined for antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing aspects. The antimicrobial properties of methanol, ethyl acetate, ethanol and hexane extracts of C. sativa against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species, as well as yeasts (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis) were investigated by the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of C. sativa extracts were also determined. Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, C. violaceum 35352, C. violaceum VIR07 and C. violaceum CV026 indicator strains were used for determination of the quorum sensing inhibitions, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain was used for the swarming tests. Additionally, biofilm inhibition was detected by the spectrophotometric method using the P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain. Methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of C. sativa was found to have high antibacterial and antifungal effects, while the methanol extract also had anti-quorum sensing, anti- swarming and biofilm inhibition effects, but no activity was found in the n- hexane extract. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report revealed that methanol extract obtained from C. sativa flowers induced anti-quorum sensing activities mainly inhibited the violacein production, swarming and biofilm formation. The present investigation provided evidence that the C. sativa flower extract maybe a potential source of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, much attention should be paid to C. sativa flower content, which could be used with high efficacy against microorganisms.
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Conneely, Lee James, Ramil Mauleon, Jos Mieog, Bronwyn J. Barkla, and Tobias Kretzschmar. "Characterization of the Cannabis sativa glandular trichome proteome." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0242633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242633.
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Cannabis sativa has been cultivated since antiquity as a source of fibre, food and medicine. The recent resurgence of C. sativa as a cash crop is mainly driven by the medicinal and therapeutic properties of its resin, which contains compounds that interact with the human endocannabinoid system. Compared to other medicinal crops of similar value, however, little is known about the biology of C. sativa. Glandular trichomes are small hair-like projections made up of stalk and head tissue and are responsible for the production of the resin in C. sativa. Trichome productivity, as determined by C. sativa resin yield and composition, is only beginning to be understood at the molecular level. In this study the proteomes of glandular trichome stalks and heads, were investigated and compared to the proteome of the whole flower tissue, to help further elucidate C. sativa glandular trichome biochemistry. The data suggested that the floral tissue acts as a major source of carbon and energy to the glandular trichome head sink tissue, supplying sugars which drive secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The trichome stalk seems to play only a limited role in secondary metabolism and acts as both source and sink.
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Mir, Zahoor Ahmad, Sajad Ali, Anshika Tyagi, Prashant Yadav, N. Chandrashekar, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Saleh Alansi, and Anita Grover. "Comparative Analysis of Powdery Mildew Disease Resistance and Susceptibility in Brassica Coenospecies." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041033.
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Erysiphe cruciferarum, a causative agent of powdery mildew disease, has emerged as a serious threat in Brassica juncea and its closely related species. To date, no resistant cultivars have been identified in Brassica species against powdery mildew. Here, we used histopathological, biochemical, and molecular approaches to elucidate the powdery mildew disease progression and host responses in three Brassica cenospecies, namely B. juncea, Camelina sativa, and Sinapis alba. Based on the results of disease progression, S. alba was found to be extremely resistant to powdery mildew infection, whereas B. juncea and C. sativa were highly vulnerable. In addition, the disease spread rate to uninfected parts was comparatively higher in B. juncea and C. sativa. Histopathological results revealed more pathogen-induced cell death in B. juncea and C. sativa compared to S. alba. We also examined the role of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in B. juncea, C. sativa, and S. alba after powdery mildew infection. Based on our findings, the enzyme activity of SOD, POD, and CAT was relatively higher in S. alba then that of B. juncea and C. sativa after powdery mildew infection. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression levels of salicylic acid (SA) signature genes, including pathogenesis-related protein viz., PR1, PR2, and PR5 in B. juncea, C. sativa, and S. alba after E. cruciferarum infection. Based on our findings, the expression levels of SA marker genes PR1, PR2, and PR5 increased in all three species after infection. However, the fold change was relatively higher in S. alba than in B. juncea and C. sativa. In future, further studies are required to identify the potential candidates in S. alba that are involved in powdery mildew disease resistance.
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Chen, Ling, Hong-Ling Li, Hong-Juan Zhou, Guan-Zhong Zhang, Ying Zhang, You-Mei Wang, Meng-Yuan Wang, Hua Yang, and Wen Gao. "Feature-Based Molecular Network-Assisted Cannabinoid and Flavonoid Profiling of Cannabis sativa Leaves and Their Antioxidant Properties." Antioxidants 13, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060749.
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Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) leaves are rich in cannabinoids and flavonoids, which play important antioxidant roles. Since the environmental factors may influence the accumulation of antioxidants in herbal medicines, which affects their activity, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between the chemical composition of C. sativa leaves and their geographical origin and antioxidant activity. Firstly, a high-resolution mass spectrometry method assisted by semi-quantitative feature-based molecular networking (SQFBMN) was established for the characterization and quantitative analysis of C. sativa leaves from various regions. Subsequently, antioxidant activity analysis was conducted on 73 batches of C. sativa leaves, and a partial least squares regression (PLS) model was employed to assess the correlation between the content of cannabinoids and flavonoids in the leaves and their antioxidant activity. A total of 16 cannabinoids and 57 flavonoids were annotated from C. sativa, showing a significant regular geographical distribution. The content of flavonoid-C glycosides in Sichuan leaves is relatively high, and their antioxidant activity is also correspondingly high. However, the leaves in Shaanxi and Xinjiang were primarily composed of flavonoid-O glycosides, and exhibited slightly lower antioxidant activity. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001) was found between the total flavonoids and cannabinoids and the antioxidant activity of the leaves, and two flavonoids and one cannabinoid were identified as significant contributors.
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Franco-Ramos, Raúl S., Carlos A. López-Romero, Hugo Torres-Ortega, Darío Oseguera-Herrera, Jose P. Lamoreaux-Aguayo, Daniel Molina-Noyola, Clara I. Juárez-Vázquez, and Olivia Torres-Bugarín. "Evaluation of Anti-Cytotoxic and Anti-Genotoxic Effects of Nigella sativa through a Micronucleus Test in BALB/c Mice." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051317.
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Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is a medicinal plant used for its therapeutic pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and immunomodulation. This study explored the anti-cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic effect of N. sativa through a micronucleus test (MNT) of BALB/c mice peripheral blood. Using 6-to-8-week-old healthy male BALB/c mice, four groups were formed: (1) Control (sterile water), single-dose 2 mg/kg/intraperitoneal (i.p); (2) N. sativa oil, 500 mg/kg/24 h/7 days/i.p; (3) Cisplatin (CP), single-dose 2 mg/kg/subcutaneous (s.c); (4) N. sativa + CP with their respective dosage. When evaluating polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE), a biomarker of cytotoxicity, the group treated with N. sativa + CP experienced an increase in the frequency of PCE, which demonstrated the recovery of bone marrow and modulation of cell proliferation. The analysis of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), an acute genotoxicity biomarker, showed similar frequency of MNPCE within the groups except in CP, but, in the N. sativa + CP group, the frequency of MNPCE decreased and then regulated. Finally, the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE), a biomarker of genotoxicity, the supplementation of N. sativa oil did not induce genotoxic damage in this model. Thus, we conclude that N. sativa has both cytoprotective, genoprotective effects and modulates cell proliferation in BALB/c mice.
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Kulaç, Şemsettin, and Hatice Nihan Nayır. "Determination of Grafting Adaptation of Some Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Genotypes with Marigoule (C. Sativa × C. Crenata) Cultivar." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 8 (September 4, 2021): 1555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i8.1555-1559.4468.
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In this study, to reproduce natural chestnut genotypes, the fruit characteristics of the Düzce region determined by local people are good in a healthy way, compatible with Marigoule (C. sativa × C. crenata) hybrid varieties resistant to branch cancer and root rot was investigated. In this study, 24 different chestnut genotypes were used. As the grafting method, the most commonly used tongue grafting, split grafting, chip budding grafting, and side grafting method were used. All procedures related to grafting were carried out in the greenhouses of the Düzce University Faculty of Forestry. In this study, local genotypes that are compatible with Marigoule chestnut were determined. As a result, the native genotype, which showed the best adaptation to Marigoule seedlings, was 87.5% of Yalnızçam, and after that, 79.2% of the Ereğli Sefer genotype. The lowest fit showed Broken genotype with 15% and Akçakoca1genotype with 17.5%. Besides, the compatibility of foreign varieties Maraval, Marigoule, and Betizac were also investigated. As a result, Betizac had the highest compatibility with 95%, while Maraval had 67.5%. The most successful in the grafting methods applied was the side graft (74.2%) followed by tongue grafting (59.9%), splitting grafting (51.4%), and chip budding grafting (29.7%).
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Ahsan, S. M., Md Injamum-Ul-Hoque, Shifa Shaffique, Akhtar Ayoobi, Md Atikur Rahman, Md Mezanur Rahman, and Hyong Woo Choi. "Illuminating Cannabis sativa L.: The Power of Light in Enhancing C. sativa Growth and Secondary Metabolite Production." Plants 13, no. 19 (October 3, 2024): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13192774.
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Light is crucial for higher plants, driving photosynthesis and serving as a powerful sensory signal that profoundly modulates growth, development, physiological functions, hormone activation, and biochemical pathways. Various light parameters—quality, intensity, composition, and photoperiod—exert a tremendous influence on plant growth and development, particularly in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). C. sativa, a crop of historical significance and unparalleled versatility, holds immense value in the food, fiber, and medicinal industries. The cultivation of medicinal cannabis is burgeoning in controlled environments due to evolving healthcare regulations. Optimal light conditions significantly enhance both yield and harvest quality, notably increasing the density of apical inflorescences and the ratio of inflorescence to total aboveground biomass. C. sativa metabolites, especially phenolic and terpene compounds and Phytocannabinoids like CBD (cannabidiol), THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), and CBG (cannabigerol), possess immense medicinal value. Secondary metabolites in C. sativa predominantly accumulate in the trichomes of female flowers and surrounding sugar leaves, underscoring the critical need to boost inflorescence weight and metabolite concentrations while ensuring product consistency. Different light parameters distinctly impact C. sativa’s metabolic profile, providing a robust foundation for understanding the optimal conditions for synthesizing specific secondary metabolites. While the effects of light measurement on various crops are well-established, scientific evidence specifically relating to light quality effects on C. sativa morphology and secondary metabolite accumulation remains scarce. In this review, we critically summarized how different light properties can alter cannabis growth (vegetative and reproductive), physiology and metabolism. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which specific wavelengths influence growth, development, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in C. sativa are not fully elucidated, which could be a prospective task for future researchers. Our review paves the way for a profound understanding of light’s influence on C. sativa growth and advancements in greenhouse settings to maximize metabolite production for commercial use.
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Yohannes, Gebremedhn, Leul Kidane, Berhanu Abraha, and Tadesse Beyene. "Effect of Salt Stresses on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Camelina sativa L." Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mejs.v12i1.1.
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Camelina sativa is a promising low-input, high yielding biodiesel crop that can be suitable to grow on marginal lands and is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. But, saltiness is an overall issue of agriculture that constrains the germination, development and productivity of plant because of osmotic and ionic poisonous quality impacts. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of salinity (NaCl and KCl) on germination and early seedling growth of Camelina sativa. Camelina sativa seeds were obtained from agricultural research sector of Wachemo University. In the laboratory, six salinity levels of NaCl and KCl (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/L) were prepared and arranged in completely randomized design with four replications. The result of the study revealed that C. sativa seedlings were differ significantly (p<0.05) on speed of germination, germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, vigor index, root shoot ratio and seedling fresh weight, relative injury rates of NaCl and KCl, shoot height reduction and root height reduction. However, there is no significant effect between salt type versus salinity level and salt type in all parameters tested except shoot length and shoot height reduction at 5% significant level. The increase in both salts (NaCl and KCl) concentration in culture medium causes a significant decreases in speed of germination, germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, vigor index, root shoot ratio and seedling fresh weight of the salt treated C. sativa seeds as compared with the control (C. sativa seeds watered with distilled water). Similarly, relative injury rates NaCl and KCl shoot height reduction, root height reduction were highly increased as salinity level increases. Generally, as the concentration of NaCl and KCl was increased the overall germination and early seedling performance of C. sativa decreased. The effect of salinity on physiology, molecular and biochemical of properties of C. sativa should be studied.
Keywords: Camelina sativa, Salinity effect, NaCl, KCl, Seed germination, Seedling growth.
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Purnamasari, Maria I., William Erskine, Janine S. Croser, Ming Pei You, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Comparative Reaction of Camelina sativa to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Leptosphaeria maculans." Plant Disease 103, no. 11 (November 2019): 2884–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-19-0664-re.
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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Leptosphaeria maculans are two of the most important pathogens of many cruciferous crops. The reaction of 30 genotypes of Camelina sativa (false flax) was determined against both pathogens. C. sativa genotypes were inoculated at seedling and adult stages with two pathotypes of S. sclerotiorum, highly virulent MBRS-1 and less virulent WW-1. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes, between pathotypes, and a significant interaction between genotypes and pathotypes in relation to percent cotyledon disease index (% CDI) and stem lesion length. Genotypes 370 (% CDI 20.5, stem lesion length 1.8 cm) and 253 (% CDI 24.8, stem lesion length 1.4 cm) not only consistently exhibited cotyledon and stem resistance, in contrast to susceptible genotype 2305 (% CDI 37.7, stem lesion length 7.2 cm), but their resistance was independent to S. sclerotiorum pathotype. A F5-recombinant inbred line population was developed from genotypes 370 × 2305 and responses characterized. Low broad-sense heritability indicated a complex pattern of inheritance of resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Six isolates of L. maculans, covering combinations of five different avirulent loci (i.e., five different races), were tested on C. sativa cotyledons across two experiments. There was a high level of resistance, with % CDI < 17, and including development of a hypersensitive reaction. This is the first report of variable reaction of C. sativa to different races of L. maculans and the first demonstrating comparative reactions of C. sativa to S. sclerotiorum and L. maculans. This study not only provides new understanding of these comparative resistances in C. sativa, but highlights their potential as new sources of resistance, both for crucifer disease-resistance breeding in general and to enable broader adoption of C. sativa as a more sustainable oilseed crop in its own right.
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Bonilla Loor, Mario Javier, and Liceth Janina Solórzano Zambrano. "Evaluación de la eficiencia de comunidades de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares." Pro Sciences 2, no. 15 (October 30, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29018/issn.2588-1000vol2iss15.2018pp1-7.
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La eficiencia es la capacidad del HMA para mejorar el estado del huésped, el presente trabajo evaluó aislados de HMA seleccionados, mediante cuatro sistemas experimentales diferentes: en sistemas sándwich, con la planta huésped Cichorium intybus, tanto en el invernadero como en la cámara de crecimiento; en el invernadero sobre un sustrato a base de suelo, con las plantas hospedadoras C. intybus, Medicago sativa y Lactuca sativa; En el invernadero sobre sustrato a base de suelo, con las plantas hospederas Fragaria vesca y M. sativa. Los aislados seleccionados mostraron un comportamiento diferencial en simbiosis con diversas plantas hospedadoras, lo que sugiere que el hospedador En particular, un aislado de F. mosseae pudo mejorar la biomasa tanto en L. sativa como en M. sativa y la absorción de nutrientes en M. sativa, mientras que otros aislamientos de la misma especie indujeron a un mayor crecimiento en F. vesca y C. intybus.
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Dorofeyev, V. I., and U. Enkhmaa. "The genus Camelina (Cruciferae) in Mongolia and China reviewed on the basis of herbarium materials from the Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the ASM (UBA) and the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE)." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-163-165.
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Herbarium collections of the genus Camelina preserved at the Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of Mongolia (UBA) and the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LE) were studied. The collections of these Herbaria contain materials of 3 species from Mongolia (C. caucasica (Sinsk.) Vass., C. sativa (L.) Crantz, C. sylvestris Wallr.) and 4 from China (C. sativa, C. linicola Schimp. et Spenn., C. microcarpa Andrz., C. sylvestris).
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Fasesan, OA. "Legalisation and Liberalisation of Cannabis: The Benefits and Drawbacks of the Global Trend." Annals of Health Research 8, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30442/ahr.0803-01-168.
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Cannabis sativa is a complex domesticated plant that has an unstable taxonomy. It is the most utilised illicit substance that has gained prominence in some parts of the world as it is used for therapeutic and recreational purposes. C. Sativa has also been used to manage numerous medical conditions since antiquity. The pharmacological benefits of C. sativa are still subject to intense research due to inconsistent outcomes. C. sativa, like other psychoactive substances, has both medical and psychological side effects. Despite the lack of knowledge, medical practitioners continue to recommend this substance. This review aims to highlight the effects of legalisation and liberalisation on the global trend of cannabis use. A search was conducted on Google Scholar and Medline from 2012 to date. The results showed that cannabis was found to be effective in the management of some medical conditions, though more work is required. Recreational use is rising due to a reduced perception of harm and the availability of more potent species. Cannabis use persists despite the several medical and psychological side effects. It is concluded that there is a shortage of information on the safety and pharmacological properties of C. sativa, and more work is required.
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Šćepanović, Maja, Marija Sarić-Krsmanović, Valentina Šoštarčić, Ema Brijačak, Josip Lakić, Bojana Špirović Trifunović, Jelena Gajić Umiljendić, and Ljiljana Radivojević. "Inhibitory Effects of Brassicaceae Cover Crop on Ambrosia artemisiifolia Germination and Early Growth." Plants 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040794.
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Several cover crops (CCs) exert allelopathic effects that suppress weed growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts containing different concentrations [0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% (w/v)] of Brassicaceae CCs (Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus, Camellina sativa) and of the CCs Fagopyrum esculentum and Guizotia abyssinica on germination and early growth of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. The allelopathic effects were species and concentration-dependent. C. sativa, for example, caused the greatest potential to inhibit germination, shoot, radicle length and fresh seedling weight, whereas S. alba and R. sativus inhibited germination and early growth of A. artemisiifolia only at concentrations ≥7.5%. In contrast, no inhibition was observed when aqueous extracts of F. escultneum and G. abyssinica were added at any of tested concentration. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detected 15 phenolic compounds in Brassicaceae CCs with the highest content (µg/g) of vanillin (48.8), chlorogenic acid (1057), vanilic acid (79), caffeic acid (102.5) and syringic acid (27.3) in C. sativa. Our results suggest that C. sativa is the most allelopathic CCs and that the fruits of C. sativa are the plant organs richest in allelochemicals.
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Neupane, Dhurba, Richard H. Lohaus, Juan K. Q. Solomon, and John C. Cushman. "Realizing the Potential of Camelina sativa as a Bioenergy Crop for a Changing Global Climate." Plants 11, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11060772.
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Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. is an annual oilseed crop within the Brassicaceae family. C. sativa has been grown since as early as 4000 BCE. In recent years, C. sativa received increased attention as a climate-resilient oilseed, seed meal, and biofuel (biodiesel and renewable or green diesel) crop. This renewed interest is reflected in the rapid rise in the number of peer-reviewed publications (>2300) containing “camelina” from 1997 to 2021. An overview of the origins of this ancient crop and its genetic diversity and its yield potential under hot and dry growing conditions is provided. The major biotic barriers that limit C. sativa production are summarized, including weed control, insect pests, and fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Ecosystem services provided by C. sativa are also discussed. The profiles of seed oil and fatty acid composition and the many uses of seed meal and oil are discussed, including food, fodder, fuel, industrial, and medical benefits. Lastly, we outline strategies for improving this important and versatile crop to enhance its production globally in the face of a rapidly changing climate using molecular breeding, rhizosphere microbiota, genetic engineering, and genome editing approaches.
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Aslam, Naveed, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Azeem Akram, Asif Mahmood Arif, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Muzammal Jahangir, Abdul Jabbar, and Aniqa Ijaz. "Explicating Botanical Bactericides as an Intervention Tool towards Citrus Canker." Plant Protection 8, no. 1 (March 27, 2024): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33804/pp.008.01.4788.
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Recent research efforts were made to investigate botanical bactericides as an intervention tool for citrus canker. Five botanical extracts (Eruca vesicaria, Eucalyptus globulus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Nigella sativa, and Citrullus colocynthis) were evaluated at three different concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75%) against Xanthomonas citri pv. citri under in vitro conditions. Among all treatments, two effective plant extracts, alone and in combinations, were assessed at three different time points (7 days, 14 days, 21 days) under greenhouse conditions. In vitro and greenhouse experiments were conducted under a Completely Randomized Design. Results showed that C. colocynthis expressed the maximum inhibition zone (3.22 mm), followed by N. sativa (2.82 mm), T. foenum-graecum (2.68 mm), E. globulus (1.64 mm), and E. vesicaria (1.31 mm) compared to the control. Effective extracts of C. colocynthis and N. sativa were assessed under greenhouse conditions, both alone and in combination, against citrus canker. The minimum disease incidence (18.74%) was exhibited by the combination of C. colocynthis and N. sativa, followed by C. colocynthis (22.59%) and N. sativa (23.27%) compared to the control. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the application of botanical extracts is a reliable strategy for managing citrus canker.
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Davis, Phillip B., Bruce Maxwell, and Fabian D. Menalled. "Impact of growing conditions on the competitive ability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (Camelina)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 2 (March 2013): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-213.
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Davis, P. B., Maxwell, B. and Menalled, F. D. 2013. Impact of growing conditions on the competitive ability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (Camelina). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 243–247. It has been claimed that Camelina sativa, a recently introduced crop in the northern Great Plains, is a highly competitive species. However, this issue has not been formally tested. Utilizing replacement series diagrams, we assessed the importance of growing conditions in the competitive ability of C. sativa. Results indicated that canola and Bromus tectorum were superior competitors in both loam and sandy soils, thus providing evidence that C. sativa may not be as competitive as previously indicated.
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Rasheed, Khalid A., Sattar Shlahi, Hayder H. Ismail, and Mohammed Omar Abdullateef. "The effects of magnetic water treatment for improving germination of some medicinal plants." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2018.12.2.539.
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Three magnetic fields (2000,3000 and 4000) guass were used to study the germination of five types of medicinal plant seed (Nigella sativa, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Eruca sativa and Foenicutum. vulgare). The seeds were incubated in the dark and in certain moisture at three different temperature levels (10, 18 and 22)°C for 14 days. During the growth experiments, the best temperature of germination was found at 18°C, where it excelled three seed of five and gave a high percentage of germination to F. vulgare E. sativa C. sativum. Magnetic fields showed a differential effect in plant seed with different temperature. Where the seeds of F. vulgare and C. sativum gave the highest percentage of germination at 18°C.
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Dear, B. S., G. D. Li, R. C. Hayes, S. J. Hughes, N. Charman, and R. A. Ballard. "Cullen australasicum (syn. Psoralea australasica): a review and some preliminary studies related to its potential as a low rainfall perennial pasture legume." Rangeland Journal 29, no. 2 (2007): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj06039.
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This paper reviews the morphology, establishment, herbage quality, grazing tolerance, palatability, anti-nutritional compounds and rhizobial symbiosis of Cullen australasicum (Schltdl.) J.W. Grimes (syn. Psoralea australasica Schltdl.), a deep-rooted Australian native legume commonly known as tall verbine or native scurf-pea. Its natural distribution and the edaphic and climatic characteristics of germplasm collection sites within Australia are described. It also reports the results of three preliminary studies; two field studies on the establishment, persistence and herbage quality, and a glasshouse study to identify an effective Rhizobium strain for C. australasicum. In the field studies, C. australasicum established readily from seed and demonstrated similar persistence to Medicago sativa L. over a 3-year period in the medium rainfall wheat belt of southern New South Wales. The productivity of C. australasicum in year 3 was similar to M. sativa at one site but inferior at the second site. C. australasicum demonstrated superior persistence and higher herbage yields than Lotus corniculatus L. in year 3 at both sites. The mineral content of the leaves and stems of C. australasicum in these studies were similar to M. sativa and L. corniculatus for most elements except for Mo and Zn, which were significantly higher, and Na which was lower in C. australasicum. Organic matter digestibility of the leaves and stems of C. australasicum ranged from 79 to 89% and 62 to 72%, respectively, compared with 73–79% and 59–73% in M. sativa. Crude protein levels of C. australasicum leaves and stems were 22–28% and 15–27%, respectively, compared with 26–33% and 13–33% in M. sativa. The study of Rhizobium strains isolated from four South Australian soils identified a superior strain (SRDI 483) capable of establishing an effective symbiosis with C. australasicum. The potential of C. australasicum as a drought hardy perennial legume for extensive grazing systems where M. sativa fails to persist because of selective grazing is discussed. Its low palatability to sheep was seen as an advantage in assisting its survival in extensive low-input grazing systems.
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Dosumu, Oluwatosin, Oluwafemi Owolabi, Regina Ugbaja, Akinola Popoola, Solomon Rotimi, Odunayo Taiwo, and Oluwafemi Ojo. "Administration of Cannabis causes alterations in monoamine oxidase B and serotonin receptor 2C gene expressions in Wistar rats." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 38, no. 1 (2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/afmnai38-28134.
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This study examined the probable effects of graded doses of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) extract on the gene expressions of monoamine oxidase B and serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) in an attempt to correlate the duration of use with neurodegeneration tendencies in chronic marijuana users. Male Wistar rats weighing between 90 g ± 100 g were treated with graded doses of petroleum ether extract of C. sativa (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight) orally. The exposure was monitored at 4, 8, and 12 weeks for each of the doses employed, after which the brain was removed. The gene expressions were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cannabis considerably (p < 0.05) reduced the relative expression of MAOB at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, cannabis upregulated the relative expression of the MAOB gene by 60%. Following 12 weeks of exposure to the 50mg/kg body weight dose of C. sativa, 80% increase in the expression of MAOB was observed compared to the control group. C. sativa (50 mg/kg body weight) extract at 8 weeks resulted in about 47.7% decrease in the expression of the gene, however, prolonged exposure (12 weeks) to the extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased the relative expression of HTR2C. Cannabis-induced dysregulation of the MAOB genes may be one mechanism linking chronic use of cannabis to cognitive decline and improved likelihood of developing neurological diseases. Alterations observed in HTR2C gene expression as a result of exposure to high doses of C. sativa extract may partly account for the depression and aggressive tendencies observed in chronic users.
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Perera, Pathirage Kamal, and Jalathge Isurika Dilanthi Diddeniya. "In-vitro and in-vivo supportive research on medicinal properties of Cannabis sativa: A comprehensive review." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2022.8110.
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Cannabis sativa is an herbaceous plant which is mainly used as a remedy for neurological, digestive and immunological ailments in traditional medicine. Even though Cannabis is the most illicit plant around the world, its medicinal properties are beneficial in number of ways. Numerous beneficial effects of C. sativa have been demonstrated in multiple in-vitro and in-vivo studies from different parts of the world. The aim of this paper was to systematically review the literature and provide a summary on potential medicinal benefits of C. sativa. This systematic review was conducted by using the data bases; Science direct and PubMed for studies published from 1st of January 2015 to 31st of October 2020. In order to obtain further data, a manual search was also carried out from the reference lists of included articles. After removing the duplicate articles 77 total number of articles included in this present review. The beneficial health effects of C. sativa were anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. In addition, it revealed that C. sativa lower blood glucose, serum cholesterol and blood pressure levels. Apart from that, the use of Cannabis in other diseases such as irritable bowel disease, renal diseases, neurofibromatosis, and leucorrhea was also identified. The wide range of medicinal effects may be due to main active ingredients of Tetrahydro cannabinol, Cannabidiol, Cannabinol and Tetrahydro cannabivarin. Available in-vitro and invivo evidence suggested that C. sativa has many favorable health effects and further randomized controlled clinical trials will be needed to determine these effects thoroughly.
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Martin, Sara L., Tyler W. Smith, Tracey James, Fatma Shalabi, Paul Kron, and Connie A. Sauder. "An update to the Canadian range, abundance, and ploidy of Camelina spp. (Brassicaceae) east of the Rocky Mountains." Botany 95, no. 4 (April 2017): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0070.
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The distribution and abundance of three Camelina species introduced to Canada is unknown, but critical for evaluating the risks associated with unconfined release of transgenic Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (2n = 40). Furthermore, previous reports suggest Canadian populations of Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC. vary for ploidy and ability to hybridize with C. sativa. We completed 8 weeks of field work in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, southern Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes. We determined the ploidy composition of the populations found. We did not locate Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell., but located four sites with C. sativa and 34 with C. microcarpa. Eleven C. microcarpa populations were tetraploid (2n = 26, 1.00pg/2C) and 22 were hexaploid (2n = 40, 1.50pg/2C), while two populations were mixed. We examined material from botanical gardens and plant gene resource centres assessing total nuclear DNA content and completing chromosome counts for each species and cytotype identified, to determine whether tetraploid and hexaploid C. microcarpa were included in these collections. No tetraploid material was included in the C. microcarpa accessions received; however, a diploid (2n = 12, 0.54pg/2C) was found. Given the current geographic ranges, abundance, and chromosome counts of these species, the greatest risk of hybridization with transgenic C. sativa is from hexaploid C. microcarpa.
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Fatima, S., I. Naureen, M. Naeem, S. Aman, and R. Ullah. "Effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa) and high fat supplemented diet on lipid profile, C-reactive protein and cardiac histopathology in rabbits." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 75, no. 2 (July 11, 2024): 7429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.34692.
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Present study determined effects of Nigella sativa on risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. A typical marker for predicting cardiovascular risk is lipid profile. An independent predictor of future coronary heart disease has recently been found to be the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. People who consume a high fat diet have been shown to have higher amounts of the CRP (C-reactive protein) levels and lipid profile. Current was purposefully designed to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa and high fat diet and their co-administration in 7 months old rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for 30 days. Effects of Nigella sativa and high fat diet were analyzed on the structure of heart, lipid profile and C-reactive protein in rabbits. For this purpose, rabbits (n=15) were kept in animal house under standard laboratory condition. 15 rabbits were divided into three groups, one control and two experimental groups. Control group was treated with standard diet. Experimental group 1 was treated with high fat diet and experimental group 2 was treated with 5% Nigella sativa and high fat diet. Body weight showed significant (P>0.05) increase in group 1 fed high fat diet and significant (P>0.05) decrease in body weight was observed in group2 (5% Nigella sativa). Cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and C-reactive protein showed significant (P>0.05) increased in group1 (fed high fat diet) and in contrast significant decreased level of HDL was found in group1 (fed high fat diet). Group 2 (5% Nigella sativa) showed significant (P>0.05) decrease in C-reactive protein levels, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL compared to the high fat diet group. Histomorphological study of heart showcd moderate congestion, loss of sarcoplasm and fragmentation in many cardiac muscle fibers in group 1(fed high fat diet) however group 2 (5% Nigella sativa) heart tissues showed no morphometric changes in the heart structure which indicate that 5% Nigella sativa might rescue or protect the heart structure from damage. It was concluded from present study that 5% Nigella sativa had anti-atherogenic cardioprotective properties. Using this plant with fat-rich diets simultaneously may reduce their adverse health effects.
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Bafoil, Maxime, Mohammed Yousfi, Christophe Dunand, and Nofel Merbahi. "Effects of Dielectric Barrier Ambient Air Plasma on Two Brassicaceae Seeds: Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 9923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189923.
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We investigated low-temperature plasma effects on two Brassicaceae seeds (A. thaliana and C. sativa) using dielectric barrier discharge in air. Comparisons of plasma treatments on seeds showed distinct responses on germination rate and speed. Optimal treatment time giving optimal germination is 15 min for A. thaliana with 85% increase compared to control after 48 h of germination and 1 min for C. sativa with 75% increase compared to control after 32 h of germination. Such germination increases are associated with morphological changes shown by SEM of seed surface. For better understanding at the biochemical level, seed surfaces were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry which underlined changes of lipidic composition. For both treated seeds, there is a decrease of saturated (palmitic and stearic) fatty acids while treated C. sativa showed a decrease of unsaturated (oleic and linoleic) acids and treated A. thaliana an increase of unsaturated ones. Such lipid changes, specifically a decrease of hydrophobic saturated fatty acids, are coherent with the other analyses (SEM, water uptake and contact angle). Moreover, an increase in A. thaliana of unsaturated acids (very reactive) probably neutralizes plasma RONS effects thus needing longer plasma exposure time (15 min) to reach optimal germination. For C. sativa, 1 min is enough because unsaturated linoleic acid becomes lower in treated C. sativa (1.2 × 107) compared to treated A. thaliana (3.7 × 107).
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Alhinho, Ana Teresa, Miguel Jesus Nunes Ramos, Sofia Alves, Margarida Rocheta, Leonor Morais-Cecílio, José Gomes-Laranjo, Rómulo Sobral, and Maria Manuela Ribeiro Costa. "The Dynamics of Flower Development in Castanea sativa Mill." Plants 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081538.
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The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most significant Mediterranean tree species, being an important natural resource for the wood and fruit industries. It is a monoecious species, presenting unisexual male catkins and bisexual catkins, with the latter having distinct male and female flowers. Despite the importance of the sweet chestnut tree, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of sexual organ identity. Thus, the study of how the different flowers of C. sativa develop is fundamental to understand the reproductive success of this species and the impact of flower phenology on its productivity. In this study, a C. sativa de novo transcriptome was assembled and the homologous genes to those of the ABCDE model for floral organ identity were identified. Expression analysis showed that the C. sativa B- and C-class genes are differentially expressed in the male flowers and female flowers. Yeast two-hybrid analysis also suggested that changes in the canonical ABCDE protein–protein interactions may underlie the mechanisms necessary to the development of separate male and female flowers, as reported for the monoecious Fagaceae Quercus suber. The results here depicted constitute a step towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in unisexual flower development in C. sativa, also suggesting that the ABCDE model for flower organ identity may be molecularly conserved in the predominantly monoecious Fagaceae family.
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BURIRO, MUHAMMAD ANWAR, MUHAMMAD TAYYAB, and ALLAH DITTA. "NIGELLA SATIVA (KALONJI)." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 01 (March 10, 2011): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.01.1882.
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The increased level of LDL-c in the serum has a high risk and the increased serum HDL-c level has a low risk for the development of atherosclerosis. The effect of Nigella Sativa on levels of cholesterol fractions were determined in this study on rats. Methods: 24 albino rats of 08 weeks age having equal number of males and females were kept at optimum atmospheric condition. The blood samples were taken at the start and different control and experimental diets were given for 24 weeks. The experimental diets were added with Nigella Sativa as 30 mg/kg body weight. The blood samples were taken at the end of study. The blood samples drawn at the start and end of the study were estimated for serum cholesterol. The results of control and experimental groups were compared. Results: Total serum cholesterol in the control group showed increase from 8.3±3.30 to 13.96±9.3 at 24 weeks. The serum HDL cholesterol showed increase from 44.4±6.12 to 80.45±5.95 level at 24 weeks. The serum LDL cholesterol showed increase from 8.3±3.30 to 13.96±9.3 at 24 weeks. The total serum cholesterol in experimental group was increased from 76.9±6.5 to 117.5± 6.65 at 24 weeks. The serum HDL cholesterol levels was increased from 41.7±4.9 to 83.42±5.92 at 24 weeks as compared with control group. The LDL cholesterol levels were decreased from 12.7±6.9 to 8.5±7.8 at 24 weeks. Conclusions: This study shows significant decrease in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and increase in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
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Simiyu, David Charles, Jin Hoon Jang, and Ok Ran Lee. "Understanding Cannabis sativa L.: Current Status of Propagation, Use, Legalization, and Haploid-Inducer-Mediated Genetic Engineering." Plants 11, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091236.
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Cannabis sativa L. is an illegal plant in many countries. The worldwide criminalization of the plant has for many years limited its research. Consequently, understanding the full scope of its benefits and harm became limited too. However, in recent years the world has witnessed an increased pace in legalization and decriminalization of C. sativa. This has prompted an increase in scientific studies on various aspects of the plant’s growth, development, and use. This review brings together the historical and current information about the plant’s relationship with mankind. We highlight the important aspects of C. sativa classification and identification, carefully analyzing the supporting arguments for both monotypic (single species) and polytypic (multiple species) perspectives. The review also identifies recent studies on suitable conditions and methods for C. sativa propagation as well as highlighting the diverse uses of the plant. Specifically, we describe the beneficial and harmful effects of the prominent phytocannabinoids and provide status of the studies on heterologous synthesis of phytocannabinoids in different biological systems. With a historical view on C. sativa legality, the review also provides an up-to-date worldwide standpoint on its regulation. Finally, we present a summary of the studies on genome editing and suggest areas for future research.
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Purnamasari, Maria, Gregory R. Cawthray, Martin J. Barbetti, William Erskine, and Janine S. Croser. "Camalexin Production in Camelina sativa is Independent of Cotyledon Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Plant Disease 99, no. 11 (November 2015): 1544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-14-1297-re.
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Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. has been proposed as a novel source of oilseed resistance to Sclerotinia rot (SR; causal agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary). To assess factors likely important in determining the level of resistance to this pathogen, 30 diverse C. sativa genotypes were evaluated using a cotyledon test under controlled environmental conditions. Confirmed cotyledon SR-resistant (CS370) and SR-susceptible (CS2305) genotypes were assessed for camalexin production across time following inoculation at the 1-month vegetative stage of growth. There were significant differences among C. sativa genotypes in response to inoculation with S. sclerotiorum in terms of percent cotyledon disease index (%CDI), with the mean %CDI ranging from 30.9 to 69.4% across germplasm and confirmation screening, respectively. Genotype CS370 consistently showed low %CDI indicating high level of resistance to S. sclerotiorum, whereas CS2305 showed the highest %CDI value. These findings highlight the potential to develop highly SR-resistant cultivars of C. sativa by selection. Furthermore, liquid chromatographic analysis of leaves for both SR-resistant and SR-susceptible genotypes demonstrated that camalexin was produced when inoculated with S. sclerotiorum. However, camalexin production was not linked with disease severity in either genotype, indicating that SR resistance in C. sativa is independent of the level of camalexin production.
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Ulfah, Maria, Ady Laksono Putro, and Efa Erfiana Safitri. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SELADA ROMAINE (Lactuca sativa var. Longifolia) DAN DAUN SELADA KERITING (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) BESERTA IDENTIFIKASI BEBERAPA SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN." JIFFK : Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 16, no. 01 (June 1, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v16i01.2925.
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ABSTRACTFree radicals are suspected as triggers of various degenerative diseases. Antioxidants are compounds that can counteract free radicals. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity by DPPH method and analyze the active compounds contained in romaine lettuce extract (Lactuca sativa var Longifolia) and lactuca sativa var Crishpa lettuce extract (Lactuca sativa var Crishpa). Romaine lettuce and and lactuca sativa var Crishpa was done extraction with a maceration method using 70% as ethanol solvent. The concentration of extract used was 12.5; 25; 50; 100; 200 and 400 ppm and vitamin C concentrations as comparison was 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2,5 and 3 ppm tested its antioxidant activity by DPPH method by spectrophotometry visible, until IC50 value was obtained. The identification of the active compound was performed by phytochemical screening and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that romaine lettuce has IC50 value of 151,1515 ppm and lactuca sativa var Crishpa has IC50 value of 183,7560 ppm and vitamin C value was 1,7005 ppm. The chemical compounds contained in romaine ethanol extract and lactuca sativa var Crishpa lettuce extract are alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids.Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, IC50, TLC, Romaine, Lactuca sativa var Crishpa
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Pavese, Vera, Andrea Moglia, Paolo Gonthier, Daniela Torello Marinoni, Emile Cavalet-Giorsa, and Roberto Botta. "Identification of Susceptibility Genes in Castanea sativa and Their Transcription Dynamics following Pathogen Infection." Plants 10, no. 5 (May 2, 2021): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050913.
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Castanea sativa is one of the main multipurpose tree species valued for its timber and nuts. This species is susceptible to two major diseases, ink disease and chestnut blight, caused by Phytophthora spp. and Cryphonectria parasitica, respectively. The loss-of-function mutations of genes required for the onset of pathogenesis, referred to as plant susceptibility (S) genes, are one mechanism of plant resistance against pathogens. On the basis of sequence homology, functional domain identification, and phylogenetic analyses, we report for the first time on the identification of S-genes (mlo1, dmr6, dnd1, and pmr4) in the Castanea genus. The expression dynamics of S-genes were assessed in C. sativa and C. crenata plants inoculated with P. cinnamomi and C. parasitica. Our results highlighted the upregulation of pmr4 and dmr6 in response to pathogen infection. Pmr4 was strongly expressed at early infection phases of both pathogens in C. sativa, whereas in C. crenata, no significant upregulation was observed. The infection of P. cinnamomi led to a higher increase in the transcript level of dmr6 in C. sativa compared to C. crenata-infected samples. For a better understanding of plant responses, the transcript levels of defense genes gluB and chi3 were also analyzed.
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Tabiś, Aleksandra, Antoni Szumny, Jacek Bania, Katarzyna Pacyga, Kamila Lewandowska, and Robert Kupczyński. "Comparison of the Effects of Essential Oils from Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica on Selected Bacteria, Rumen Fermentation, and Methane Production—In Vitro Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (May 28, 2024): 5861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115861.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica Lam. on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, selected rumen microbial populations, and methane production. GC-MS analyses allowed us to identify 89 compounds in both EOs. It was found that E-β-caryophyllene predominated in C. sativa (18.4%) and C. indica (24.1%). An in vitro (Ankom) test was performed to analyse the control and monensin groups, as well as the 50 µL or 100 µL EOs. The samples for volatile fatty acids (VFAs), lactate, and microbiological analysis were taken before incubation and after 6 and 24 h. The application of EOs of C. indica resulted in an increase in the total VFAs of acetate and propionate after 6 h of incubation. The applied EOs had a greater impact on the reduction in methane production after 6 h, but no apparent effect was noted after 24 h. Lower concentrations of C. sativa and C. indica had a more pronounced effect on Lactobacillus spp. and Buryrivibrio spp. than monensin. The presented findings suggest that C. sativa and C. indica supplementation can modify ruminal fermentation, the concentrations of specific volatile fatty acids, and methane production.
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Taswin, Muhamad, and Meilin Fadhillah. "PERBANDINGAN UJI AKTIFITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SELADA MERAH (Lactucasativa var. Crispa) DAN SELADA HIJAU (Lactuca sativa L.) DENGAN METODE DPPH SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV- VIS." JKPharm Jurnal Kesehatan Farmasi 3, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36086/jpharm.v3i1.1020.
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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Antioksidan adalah suatu senyawa kimia yang dapat meredam radikal bebas dengan cara melepaskan hidrogen radikal yang kemudian akan diikat oleh radikal bebas sehingga berikatan menjadi netral. Salah satu sumber antioksidan alami ialah Daun Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) dan Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan mana yang lebih besar antara Ekstrak Etanol Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) dan Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L.) dengan metode DPPH secara Spektrofotometri UV-VIS
Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan sampel daun selada hijau (Lactuca sativa L.) dan selada merah (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) sebanyak 100 gram yang dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol sebanyak (1:10) kemudian dibuat ekstrak kental. Setalah itu ekstrak dibuat 5 variasi konsentrasi yaitu masing-masing 10 ppm, 8 ppm, 6 ppm, 4 ppm dan 2 ppm.. Lalu dilarutkan vitamin C sebagai baku pembanding. Setelah didapatkan persen peredaman maka dapat dihitung nilai IC50 untuk mengukur aktivitas antioksidan yang dihasilkan.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IC50 Ekstrak Etanol Daun Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L.) sebesar 24,18 ppm dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) sebesar 20 ppm dengan besar rendemen ekstrak masing-masing 64,37% pada daun selada hijau dan 69,25% pada daun selada merah dan keduanya positif mengandung flavonoid dan vitamin C.
Kesimpulan : Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua sampel memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat yaitu dibawah angka 50 ppm dan aktivitas antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Selada Hijau (Lactuca sativa L.) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa), karena memiliki nilai IC50 yang lebih rendah.
Kata Kunci : Antioksidan, DPPH, Selada Hijau, Selada Merah
ABSTRACT
Background: Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can reduce free radicals by releasing hydrogen radicals which will then be bound by free radicals so that they become neutral. One source of natural antioxidants is Red Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) and Green Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). This study aims to compare which antioxidant activity is greater between the Ethanol Extract of Red Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) and Green Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with the DPPH method by UV-VIS Spectrophotometry.
Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic study with samples of green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and red lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) as much as 100 grams which were macerated with ethanol solvent as much as (1:10) then made a thick extract. After that the extract was made in 5 concentration variations, namely 10 ppm, 8 ppm, 6 ppm, 4 ppm and 2 ppm. Then dissolved vitamin C as a standard for comparison. After obtaining the percent attenuation, the IC50 value can be calculated to measure the antioxidant activity produced.
Results: The results showed the IC50 value of Green Lettuce Leaf Ethanol Extract (Lactuca sativa L.) was 24.18 ppm and Red Lettuce Leaf Ethanol Extract (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) was 20 ppm with extract yields of 64.37% each. on green lettuce and 69.25% on red lettuce and both positive for flavonoids and vitamin C.
Conclusion: This study showed that both samples had strong antioxidant activity, which was below 50 ppm and the antioxidant activity of the Green Lettuce Leaf Ethanol Extract (Lactuca sativa L.) was greater than the Red Lettuce Leaf Ethanol Extract (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa), because has a lower IC50 value.
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Li, Jia, Guan Wang, Yu Qin, Xue Zhang, Hai-Feng Wang, Hong-Wei Liu, Ling-Juan Zhu, and Xin-Sheng Yao. "Neuroprotective constituents from the aerial parts of Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa." RSC Advances 10, no. 53 (2020): 32043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra04565a.
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5 new compounds including 3 new cannabinoids, cannabisativas A–C, 2 new phenolic acids, (7Z,9Z)-cannabiphenolic acid A and (8S,9Z)-cannabiphenolic acid B, together with 12 known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa.
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Oultram, Jackson M. J., Joseph L. Pegler, Andrew L. Eamens, Rebecca Gordon, Darren J. Korbie, and Christopher P. L. Grof. "Exogenously Applied Gibberellic Acid Alters Cannabinoid Profile in Cannabis sativa L." Agronomy 14, no. 10 (October 18, 2024): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102417.
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Cannabis sativa (C. sativa L.) has garnered significant attention worldwide due to its widespread use as a pharmaceutical agent. With the increasing clinical application of C. sativa and cannabinoid therapeutics, there is strong interest in the development of superior plant varieties and optimisation of growth conditions to enhance secondary metabolite yield. Our RNA sequencing analysis revealed differential expression of hormone-related transcripts in developing C. sativa trichomes, suggesting the involvement of hormone signalling pathways in cannabinoid production. Leveraging the potency of exogenous hormones on plants, this study sought to determine if the application of cytokinin (CK), gibberellic acid (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) modified trichome morphology and the cannabinoid profile over an 8-week period following the induction of flowering. Exogenous hormone application led to alterations in trichome morphology, with each treatment significantly reducing trichome head width by the final week of assessment. Interestingly, GA application also resulted in a significant reduction in the concentration of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) by week 8 post floral induction, however, JA and CK treatment did not consistently modulate the accumulation of these cannabinoids. The minor cannabinoids, cannabidivaranic acid (CBDVA), cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabigerol (CBG), were also affected by hormone treatments, with varying degrees of accumulation observed. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between phytohormones and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in C. sativa. Our study highlights the potential of hormone modulation as a strategy to enhance cannabinoid yield and offers some insights into the regulatory mechanisms governing cannabinoid biosynthesis in C. sativa trichomes.
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Abbasi, Palwasha, Abdul Rahim Memon, Sadia Tabassum Abbasi, Sadia Kazi, and Shomail Siddiqui. "HYPERGLYCEMIA." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 08 (August 10, 2015): 1048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.08.1154.
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Objectives: To investigate blood glucose regulaitng effects of CatharanthusRoseus (C.roseus) and Nigella sativa (N.sativa) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Study Design:Experimental study. Place and Duration: Animal house Isra University Hyderabad. From Aprilto Novermber 2013. Methodology: 50 male rats were housed at normal température, 12 hourdark - light cycle with free access to chow and water. A single intraperitoneal bolus of alloxan(120 mg/kg) was given to induce diabetes mellitus. Glimepiride, C. roseus and N. Sativa wereadministered at doses of 0.1 mg/kg, 125 mg/kg and 50 g/kg respectively. Data was analyzed onSPSS version 21.0. Significant P - value was defined at ≤ 0.05. Results: C.roseus ad N.sativashowed blood glucose lowering potential but the effect was less when compared to glimepiride(P = 0.001). However, C. roseus was more effective compared to N.sativa (P = 0.001) inreducing blood glucose. Findings suggest that both C. roseus and N. sativa possess glucoseregulating potential. Conclusion: It is concluded that the C. roseus and N. sativa exert bloodglucose regulating effects in alloxan induced diabetic rat model.