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Masek, Petr, Pavel Zeman, Petr Kolar, and František Holesovsky. "Edge trimming of C/PPS plates." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 101, no. 1-4 (October 30, 2018): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2857-1.
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Zhang, Zhong Hou, Guang Xiu Cao, Ying Ying Li, and Chun Mian Yan. "Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly (Phenylene Sulfide)/TiO2 Composites." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1909.
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Poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS)/nano-TiO2composites were prepared by DAKA miniature blending instrument. Isothermal crystallization behavior of PPS composites at 245°C, 250°C, 255°C and 260°C were investigated by means of DSC. The crystallization time of PPS composites is shorter than which of neat PPS at the same crystallization temperature. The Avrami equation was used to analyze DSC data. Results showed that neat PPS is homogeneous nucleation at lower crystallization temperature, which is heterogeneous nucleation at higher crystallization temperature contrarily. PPS/nano-TiO2composites are heterogeneous nucleation at various crystallization temperature, nano-TiO2particles play a role of nucleating agent.
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Glatz, F. P., and R. M'ilhauptt. "Preparation, cure behavior and properties of bismaleinides containing well defined oligo(phenylene sulfide) segments." High Performance Polymers 5, no. 3 (June 1993): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/5/3/005.
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A family of bismaleimides (PPS-BMIs) containing flexible oligo(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) segments was prepared from the corresponding monodisperse diamine-terminated oligo(phenylene sulfide)s (PPS-DAs). PPS-BMIs and PPS-DAs formed eutectic mixtures which melted below 200 C. Upon heating above 200 C, chain advancement via Michaeltype addition of PPS.DA to PPS-BMI followed by cross-linking produced networks containing PPS segments. The influence of the PPS segment length on processing, cure reaction, phase transitions, and thermal stability was investigated.
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Zhang, Zhong Hou, Wen Xin Zhou, Ya Dong Li, and Chun Mian Yan. "Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(phenylene Sulfide)/ZnO Composites." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.243.
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Poly (phenylene sulfide) (PPS)/nano-ZnO composites were prepared by DAKA miniature blending instrument. Isothermal crystallization behavior of PPS composites at 245°C, 250°C, 255°C and 260°C were investigated by means of DSC. The crystallization time of PPS composites is shorter than which of neat PPS at the same crystallization temperature. The Avrami equation was used to analyze DSC data. Results showed that neat PPS is homogeneous nucleation at lower crystallization temperature, which is heterogeneous nucleation at higher crystallization temperature contrarily. PPS/nano-ZnO composites are heterogeneous nucleation at various crystallization temperature, nano-ZnO particles play a role of nucleating agent.
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Lian, Dandan, Ruiping Zhang, Jianjun Lu, and Jinming Dai. "Performances and structure changes of neat PPS fiber and nano Ti-SiO2-modified PPS fiber after over-temperature oxidation." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317696346.
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Neat polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fiber and nano titanium-silicon dioxide-modified PPS fibers (A-PPS) were submitted to an over-temperature in air environment at 200, 220, and 240°C for 24, 192, and 360 h, respectively. Molecular and supramolecular structures were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The outside color of the PPS fibers turned yellow and the mechanical properties were reduced after over-temperature, but the performances of the A-PPS fibers were better than that of the neat PPS fibers. The analyses of the molecular and supramolecular structures showed that the temperatures of 200 and 220°C could not change the crystalline form but could increase the crystallinity of the PPS fibers. The crystallization temperature high-shifted and the crystallization FWHM increased after over-temperature. More significant changes at 240°C could be observed such as breaking of the macromolecular chains, mutual cross-linking, and increase of the melting enthalpy to a higher value than the complete crystallization enthalpy of PPS. Cross-linking between the benzene rings and oxidation of the S atoms did not change the PPS crystalline form but decreased the lattice constant. XPS spectra showed that the cross-linking and oxidation of the S atoms of the PPS fibers mainly came from the breaking of the C–S–C bonds, while the break ratio of the C–S–C bonds was relatively smaller in the case of the A-PPS fibers.
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Fíla, Tomáš, Petr Koudelka, Daniel Kytýr, Jiri Hos, and Jan Šleichrt. "Creep behaviour of a short-fibre C/PPS composite." Materiali in tehnologije 50, no. 3 (June 17, 2016): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2014.208.
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Mahfouz, Mohamed A. "PPS-FPCM: PRIVACY-PRESERVING SEMI-FUZZY POSSIBILISTIC C-MEANS." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science 14, no. 03 (June 20, 2023): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v14i3.6991.
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Applying traditional clustering techniques to big data on the cloud while preserving the privacy of the data is a challenge due to the required division and exponential operations in each iteration, which complicate its implementation on encrypted data. Several existing approaches are based on approximating the formulas of centers, weights, and memberships as three polynomial functions according to the multivariate Taylor formula. However, they usually suffer an increase in complexity and a slight drop in accuracy. In this paper, a novel Privacy-Preserving semi-fuzzy clustering algorithm based on the possibilistic paradigm, termed PPS-FPCM, is presented. Its main feature is that it avoids exponentiation and division operations, at each iteration, without losing accuracy. By restricting the typicality to an ordered set of discrete values between zero and one decided by the data owner (DO), the computation is simplified. The second key idea is the use of this soft typicality to detect outliers and compute the corresponding semi-fuzzy memberships, which is used to increase the in-between cluster distance. However, the initial typicality requires a magnitude relation comparison, which is still difficult to do over encrypted data. In this research study, we show how the existing incomplete re-encryption method can be used to tackle this problem. In each iteration, centers and distances to the new centers are computed on a calculator cloud server (CaCS) which is responsible for storing the cipher texts of the (DO)’s data and processing them. Then, CaCS sends the incompletely re-encrypted difference between these distances and iteratively updated bin values that correspond to the discrete possibilistic memberships that are initially decided by the (DO) to the comparator cloud server (CoCS). CoCS decrypts the difference and returns the results of comparisons. When CaCS receives the results of comparison from CoCS, it decides on an appropriate soft typicality or resends the difference of the same distance to another bin value. The required number of comparisons is O(log the number of bins). CaCS iteratively computes the corresponding semi-fuzzy memberships, computes the refined memberships, and updates the centers. In the end, CaCS sends the final soft memberships and centers to the (DO). The proposed algorithm is applicable to normal data and homomorphically encrypted data, is more effective than several related algorithms, and can produce accurate results using large enough (16 or more) discrete values with a high reduction on runtime as the number of comparisons is much less complex than exponential and division operations with added communication cost between CaCS and CoCS.
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Bhurtyal, Kiran, Jennifer Nguyen, Anthony Clarke, Kelsey OYong, Sandeep Bhaurla, Eric Takiguchi, Leslie Baldwin, and Zachary Rubin. "90. Impact of Infection Control Assessment and Response (ICAR) Visit on Candida auris Colonization Rates at Seven Long Term Acute Care Hospitals (LTACH) in Los Angeles County." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.090.
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Abstract Background Public health authorities often use Infection Control Assessment and Response (ICAR) visits during Candida auris (C. auris) outbreak investigation to identify facility-level infection prevention and control (IPC) practice gaps and make recommendations to address those gaps. As an adjunct to ICAR visit, point prevalence surveys (PPS) provide an objective measure to determine if IPC recommendations are implemented. Because they require significant public health resources to perform, we evaluated the impact of ICAR visits on C. auris colonization rates. Methods PPS were conducted at seven long-term acute-care hospitals (LTACH) with C. auris outbreaks in Los Angeles County from July 2020 to May 2021. Skin swabs collected at PPS were tested for C. auris colonization by PCR technique. Pre-ICAR PPS results were compared with the average of two serial post-ICAR PPS results using repeated measures ANOVA test. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between individual ICAR domains and C. auris colonization. Results 54 PPS were conducted at seven LTACHs with at least one ICAR visit made for every two PPS. On average, PPS were conducted 14 days (range 1-15 days) before and 10 days (range 4-33 days) after an ICAR visit. PPS positive rates with ICAR visit dates for each LTACH are shown in figure 1. Overall, ICAR visits were associated with a significant decrease (p=0.035) in the average of the positive rates in two serial post-ICAR PPS. When individual domain (hand hygiene, contact precautions, and environmental disinfection) of ICAR tool was analyzed, only adherence to environmental disinfection was significantly associated (p=0.038) with decrease in C. auris colonization rates. There was a moderate negative correlation (R2 = 0.26, β= -0.33) between environmental disinfection adherence and the magnitude of decrease in the colonization rates across all LTACHs (Figure 2). Figure 1 Figure 2 Conclusion ICAR visits were found to be significantly associated with a decrease in the average PPS positive rate on serial PPS. Parts of the ICAR tool that assessed environmental disinfection at the facility seemed most correlated with decrease in C. auris colonization rate. Streamlining the ICAR process to focus on the most impactful parts of ICAR tool may be a more efficient intervention to control C. auris outbreaks. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Wan, Ji Xian, Yan Fen Qin, Shao Bo Li, and Xiu Hua Wang. "Studies on Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Oxidizing Polyphenylene Sulfide." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1045.
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In this paper, polyphenylene sulfide（PPS） was synthesized through reactions of sodium sulfide and p-dichlorobenzene in N-methylpyrrolidone. Then antioxidant 4426, montmorillonite(MMT) were added into the PPS resin to improve its thermal oxidation stability. The polymer was characterized by FT-IR, Raman, and XRD analysis. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to mensurate the oxidation induction temperature (dynamic OIT) of PPS, and Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) was used to evaluate the thermal oxidation stability of PPS. The results showed that the addition of the antioxidant 4426, montmorillonite(MMT) leaded to a good improvement of the thermal oxidation stability of PPS. The PPS's dynamic OIT could up to 480.07°C and 481.61°C after mixed with MMT and anti-oxidant 4426, respectively. the sample of PPS mixed with both MMT and anti-oxidant 4426 has a dynamic OIT of 482.7°C.
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Ikponmwosa, Efe Ewaen, Samuel Onosedeba Ehikhuenmen, and Karieren Kate Irene. "COMPARATIVE STUDY AND EMPIRICAL MODELLING OF PULVERIZED COCONUT SHELL, PERIWINKLE SHELL AND PALM KERNEL SHELL AS A POZZOLANS IN CONCRETE." Acta Polytechnica 59, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2019.59.0560.
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Infrastructural development across the world is fast growing due to the rapid growth in population. This has resulted in consequently creating an increase in the demand for construction materials, especially cement. This study presents a report of a concise investigation on the pozzolanic potentials of Pulverized Coconut Shell (PCS), Periwinkle Shell (PPS) and Palm Kernel Shell (PPKS). The chemical composition of the PCS, PPS and PPKS, physical properties of concrete constituents and mechanical properties of the pozzolans blended concrete were determined. A concrete mix ratio of 1 : 2 : 4 with a w/c of 0.6 was adopted. A total of 270 cubes and 120 cylinders were cast at an interval of 10% from 0% to 50% replacement level and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Results indicate that the PCS, PPS and PPKS are good retarders as they increased the setting time of cement paste and decreased the workability of concrete as the percentage replacement increased. The addition of the PCS in the mix produced a concrete of lower density while the addition of the PPS and PPKS produced a concrete of a higher density up to a 30% replacement level, further increase resulted to a decrease in density. The compressive and tensile strengths increased with a curing age but decreased with an increasing percentage replacement level for the three pozzolans investigated. However, 10% replacement level of the PCS, PPS and PPKS in concrete is suitable for the production of pozzolans blended concrete for structural works. The models developed are in a good agreement with the experimental results.
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Liu, Qi, Wei Luo, Yang Chen, Huawei Zou, and Mei Liang. "Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of CTAB-functionalized graphene oxide–polyphenylene sulfide composites." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 8 (September 9, 2016): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316663810.
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Polymer nanocomposites based on polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and graphene oxide (GO) modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were prepared. The properties of CTAB-modified graphene oxide (CGO) were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicated that the ordered structure of GO was impaired by the introduction of CTAB and increased interlayer distance was found for CGO due to the intercalation of CTAB. Mechanical tests revealed that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of 0.1 wt% CGO/PPS composite were 45.4% and 171.8%, respectively, higher than that of pure PPS matrix, which could be attributed to the entanglement of polymer chains between CTAB and PPS polymer chains. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of PPS matrix was enhanced due to the addition of CGO and the Tg of 0.5 wt% CGO/PPS composite increased about 10°C higher than pure PPS. In addition, the thermal stability of PPS had significant improvement according to the results of thermogravimetric analysis. The residual mass of 0.5 wt% CGO/PPS composite at 800°C was 1.22 times higher than that of pure PPS.
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Hanifa, Irfan, Mulyono S. Baskoro, Sulaeman Martasuganda, and Domu Simbolon. "TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN DAN STATUS KONSERVASI PERIKANAN HIU DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA (PPS) CILACAP." Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24319/jtpk.9.25-34.
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Hiu merupakan sumber daya perikanan sangat rentan terhadap usaha penangkapan yang berlebihan (over-eksploitasi). Eksploitasi hiu di Indonesia masih berlanjut hingga hari ini tanpa diimbangi dengan tata kelola dan manajemen yang mengarah pada perikanan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemanfaatan hiu dan mengidentifikasi jenis hiu yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap berdasarkan status konservasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April-Mei 2015 di PPS Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survey. Tingkat pemanfaatan dihitung dengan cara menghitung jumlah hasil tangkapan pada tahun tertentu terhadap nilai TAC (Total Allowable Catch) atau jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan. Jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (JTB) tersebut adalah 80% dari potensi maksimum lestari (MSY). Pendugaan nilai MSY dianalisis menggunakan model surplus produksi Fox. Status konservasi hiu dianalisis berdasarkan hasil tangkapan hiu yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap dibandingkan dengan daftar kategori konservasi International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hiu tertangkap dan didaratkan di PPS Cilacap pada bulan Februari-Mei 2015 terdiri dari 11 famili atau 30 spesies. Hasil tangkapan terdiri dari famili Alopiidae, Carcharhinidae, Squalidae, Hexanchidae, Lamnidae, Triakidae, Sphyrnidae, Squatinidae, Rhinidae, Centrophoridae, dan Chimaeridae. Hasil tangkapan tertinggi berasal dari famili Alopiidae (2.028 hiu) dan hasil tangkapan terendah berasal dari famili Chimaeridae (2 hiu). Tingkat pemanfaatan hiu yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap pada tahun 2010-2014 berdasarkan model surplus produksi Fox adalah 24-81%. Sebagian besar dari jumlah tangkapan hiu mendarat di PPS Cilacap pada bulan Februari-Mei 2015 yang mencakup dalam kategori dari rentan (46,44%) dan hampir terancam (39,65%). Jenis hiu yang didaratkan di PPS Cilacap termasuk dalam kategori rawan adalah A. pelagicus, A. superciliosus, I. paucus, C. plumbeus, R. ancylostoma, I. oxyrinchus, N. acutidens, C. squamosus, C. longimanus, sedangkan jenis hiu yang termasuk dalam kategori hampir terancam adalah C. sorrah, C. falciformis, H. perlo, P. glauca, C. brevivina, C. amblyrhynchoides, G. cuvieri, C. leucas, H. griceus, C. albimarginatus.
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Zhao, Jingxian, Shijie Cai, Xiaolu Chen, Haohao Ren, and Yonggang Yan. "Preparation and Properties of Boron Nitride or Aluminum Nitride Reinforced Glass Fiber/Modified Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites." Advances in Polymer Technology 2023 (April 11, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7484634.
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In this work, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) containing carboxyl group was synthesized and used to prepare PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN and composites with high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, low dielectric constant, and low dielectric loss were prepared with boron nitride/aluminum nitride (BN/AlN) and glass fiber (LGF). The results showed that the introduction of carboxyl groups did not affect the structure and thermal properties of PPS. The composites exhibited good mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 65 MPa~97 MPa and flexural strength of 112 MPa~154 MPa. The TGA results showed that the composites had good thermal stability, and the T5% of PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN (20) and PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (20) reached up to 511.6°C and 506.3°C, respectively. They were insoluble in some organic solvents, such as NMP and DMF at room temperature, and they exhibited excellent chemical resistance. The dielectric performance results showed that with the increase of frequency, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss gradually decreased, the dielectric constant of PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (15) was 3.9, and the dielectric loss of PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN (15) was 0.01. From the above results, it can be concluded that the composite materials PPS-2COOH/LGF/AlN and PPS-2COOH/LGF/BN have potential application prospects in the field of 5G high thermal conductivity materials.
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Chu, Pei Hsia, Mohd Azwan Jenol, Lai-Yee Phang, Sharifah Kharidah Syed Muhammad, and Suraini Abd-Aziz. "Functional Properties of Pineapple Plant Stem for Enhanced Glucose Recovery in Amino Acids Production." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 9155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239155.
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Pineapples generate large amounts of agricultural wastes during their production. To reduce environmental impacts due to poor handling of these wastes, the underutilised pineapple plant stem (PPS), which has a high starch content, can be explored for its sugar recovery. To achieve this, gelatinisation is a key process in increasing enzymes’ susceptibility. Therefore, this study aimed to enhance glucose recovery from PPS by studying the effects of gelatinisation temperature and time on its functional properties. Afterwards, the fermentable sugar obtained was used for amino acids production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051. PPS has a high gelatinisation temperature (To = 111 °C; Tp = 116 °C; Tc = 161 °C) and enthalpy (ΔH = 263.58 J/g). Both temperature and time showed significant effects on its functional properties, affecting enzymatic hydrolysis. Gelatinisation temperature of 100 °C at 15 min resulted in maximum glucose recovery of 56.81 g/L (0.81 g/g hydrolysis yield) with a 3.53-fold increment over the control. Subsequently, utilisation of PPS hydrolysate in the fermentation by B. subtilis ATCC 6051 resulted in 23.53 mg/mL amino acids being produced with productivity of 0.49 g/L/h. This opens up new opportunities for the applications of PPS as well as B. subtilis ATCC 6051 in the amino acids industry.
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Xiao, Hui, and Rui Hai Li. "Study on Synthesis of a Ampholytic Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.757.
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Ampholytic Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) was prepared from PPS by sulfonation, followed by bromination and then the substitution of bromine by quaternary ammonium group and tertiary amine group.The structure and properties of polymers were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, UV and isoelectric point(IEP) measurement. The degree of sulfonation and the content of bromide were investigated by acid base titration and Mohr Method respectively. The results indicated that 47.6% sulfonation degree at 4h, 105°C and a 15ml/g ratio of oluem and PPS, 35.25% content of bromide at 4h, 40°C and 4% FeCl3. Bromine is completely substituted by quaternary ammonium groups at a 1:1.2 ratio of P-SO3-Br and volume of trimethylamine,70°C and 4 h,and that by tertiary amine groups at a 1:1.2 ratio of P-SO3-Br and volume of dimethylamine,80°C and 4 h. Ampholytic PPS shows better solubility and thermostability than PPS.Hyperchromic effect: Br < NH(CH3)2 < N(CH3)3. The IEP of P-SO3-TMA and P-SO3-DMA are 4.08 and 3.84 respectively.
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Meng, Si, Ze Xu Hu, Xue Yu Xing, Qiu Xu Lu, Zhe Zhou, and Mei Fang Zhu. "Study on Preparation and Property of High Thermal Oxidation Stability PPS/SiO2 Fiber." Materials Science Forum 789 (April 2014): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.249.
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PPS/SiO2 composite was studied to enhance the thermal oxidation stability of PPS. In order to improve the dispersity of SiO2 in PPS matrix, the SiO2 was modified by silane coupling agent, KH-570. The fractured surface morphologies, thermal properties and rheological property of PPS/SiO2 composite were researched. The high thermal oxidation stability PPS/SiO2 fibers were prepared by melt spinning. The thermal ageing treatment was carried out, and the strength and retention strength, before and after ageing treatment, of two kinds of fibers (PPS fibers and PPS/SiO2 fibers) were compared. The results of SEM showed the good dispersity of the modified SiO2 in PPS matrix. After adding modified SiO2, the initial decomposition temperature increased. At the same time, the fiber strength and retention strength were improved, which can be found by comparing. Compared with pure PPS, after adding 1.0 wt%, which was proved to be the optimum dosage by the research, modified SiO2 into PPS, the initial decomposition temperature was increased by 15.3°C, the retention strength was increased from 60.3% to 85.1% after ageing treat.
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Padovec, Z., and M. Růžička. "Springback Angle of a C/PPS Laminate with a Textile Reinforcement." Mechanics of Composite Materials 49, no. 2 (May 2013): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11029-013-9338-2.
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Masek, Petr, Petr Kolar, Pavel Zeman, and Martin Vrabec. "Investigation of Thrust Force and Delamination during Drilling of C/PPS." Manufacturing Technology 16, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 1308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/mt/16/6/1308.
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Zhang, Mingqiu, Hanmin Zeng, Li Zhang, Guangmin Lin, and Robert K. Y. Li. "Fracture Characteristics of Discontinuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced PPS and PES-C Composites." Engineering Plastics 1, no. 5 (January 1993): 147823919300100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919300100504.
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Tensile strength, σ b, Young's modulus, E, and critical stress intensity factor, K IC, of two types of short carbon fibre (CF) reinforced high performance brittle thermoplastics (CF/PPS and CF/PES-C) have been measured for different volume fraction, V f, of CF. Young's modulus increases linearly with increasing of V f with a Krenchel's efficiency factor of 0.05, whereas σ b and K 1C initially rise and then level up at V f of 25 vol. %. With the help of load-deflection curves and fractography, the experimental results have been analysed in the light of fibre-matrix adhesion characteristics. By using crack pinning model, the effective crack tensions, T, were calculated for both composites and they are 26 KJ/m (for CF/PPS) and 2.1 KJ/m (for CF/PES-C) respectively. The localized plastic deformation near fibre-matrix interface provides the major contribution to fracture toughness.
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Zhang, Mingqiu, Hanmin Zeng, Li Zhang, Guangmin Lin, and Robert K. Y. Li. "Fracture Characteristics of Discontinuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced PPS and PES-C Composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 1, no. 5 (July 1993): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119300100504.
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Tensile strength, σ b, Young's modulus, E, and critical stress intensity factor, K IC, of two types of short carbon fibre (CF) reinforced high performance brittle thermoplastics (CF/PPS and CF/PES-C) have been measured for different volume fraction, V f, of CF. Young's modulus increases linearly with increasing of V f with a Krenchel's efficiency factor of 0.05, whereas σ b and K 1C initially rise and then level up at V f of 25 vol. %. With the help of load-deflection curves and fractography, the experimental results have been analysed in the light of fibre-matrix adhesion characteristics. By using crack pinning model, the effective crack tensions, T, were calculated for both composites and they are 26 KJ/m (for CF/PPS) and 2.1 KJ/m (for CF/PES-C) respectively. The localized plastic deformation near fibre-matrix interface provides the major contribution to fracture toughness.
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Zhang, M. Q., H. M. Zeng, K. C. Mai, and Y. T. He. "Toughening Effect of a China – Made Polyaryletherketone on Polyphenylene Sulfide." Advanced Composites Letters 2, no. 3 (May 1993): 096369359300200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359300200305.
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The present investigation deals with an attempt to improve the toughness of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) through blending with a China - made polyaryletherketone (PEK - C). It is found that on certain processing conditions PPS can be made very tough in the case of lower PEK - C content. On the basis of mechanical performance measurement and fractographic analysis, the toughening mechanism is discussed tentatively.
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Mao, Ning, De Qiang Chang, Jing Xian Liu, and Xi Sun. "Experimental Study on the Durability Performance of PPS Filter Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 1077–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.1077.
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The durability performance of PPS filter media is experimentally studied in the paper. It is found that, under 200°C and atmospheric condition, both machine direction strength and transverse direction strength of PPS increase at the beginning and then gradually decrease with the increase of duration time. The transverse direction change for both strength and elongation is higher than the machine direction. The melting point of PPS decreases with the increase of duration time. And the melting point can be taken as one of durability index for the PPS filter media.
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Han, Wenxin, Jianjun Lu, Jingyi Ren, Dandan Lian, and Junde Xing. "Preparation of nano-SiO2 compound antioxidant and its antioxidant effect on polyphenylene sulfide." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 6 (July 26, 2019): 556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0072.
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Abstract Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is easily oxidized at high temperature, which greatly limits its applications. In this study, a nano-SiO2 compound antioxidant (SiO2-g-AO) was prepared and incorporated into PPS by melt compounding to obtain PPS/SiO2-g-AO composites. SiO2-g-AO was prepared by reacting 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) (antioxidant AO) with an aminosilane coupling agent (KH792). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the antioxidant AO was successfully immobilized on the surface of SiO2 and the thermal stability was improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that SiO2-g-AO was uniformly dispersed in PPS. It has been found that the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PPS composites improved, and the dynamic oxidation induction temperature (OIT) increased in the range of 16.7°C–21.1°C. A synergistic anti-oxidation model of nanoparticles and antioxidants, namely a multi-stage antioxidant system, was established by comprehensive analysis of experimental results. The synergistic anti-oxidation model provides a new idea for the antioxidant modification of polymer composites.
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Kliese, Y. J., R. C. Dalal, W. M. Strong, and N. W. Menzies. "Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04187.
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Piggery pond sludge (PPS) was applied, as-collected (Wet PPS) and following stockpiling for 12 months (Stockpiled PPS), to a sandy Sodosol and clay Vertosol at sites on the Darling Downs of Queensland. Laboratory measures of N availability were carried out on unamended and PPS-amended soils to investigate their value in estimating supplementary N needs of crops in Australia’s northern grains region. Cumulative net N mineralised from the long-term (30 weeks) leached aerobic incubation was described by a first-order single exponential model. The mineralisation rate constant (0.057/week) was not significantly different between Control and PPS treatments or across soil types, when the amounts of initial mineral N applied in PPS treatments were excluded. Potentially mineralisable N (No) was significantly increased by the application of Wet PPS, and increased with increasing rate of application. Application of Wet PPS significantly increased the total amount of inorganic N leached compared with the Control treatments. Mineral N applied in Wet PPS contributed as much to the total mineral N status of the soil as did that which mineralised over time from organic N. Rates of CO2 evolution during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation indicated that the Stockpiled PPS was more stabilised (19–28% of applied organic C mineralised) than the Wet PPS (35–58% of applied organic C mineralised), due to higher lignin content in the former. Net nitrate-N produced following 12 weeks of aerobic non-leached incubation was highly correlated with net nitrate-N leached during 12 weeks of aerobic incubation (R2 = 0.96), although it was <60% of the latter in both sandy and clayey soils. Anaerobically mineralisable N determined by waterlogged incubation of laboratory PPS-amended soil samples increased with increasing application rate of Wet PPS. Anaerobically mineralisable N from field-moist soil was well correlated with net N mineralised during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation (R2 = 0.90 sandy soil; R2 = 0.93 clay soil). In the clay soil, the amount of mineral N produced from all the laboratory incubations was significantly correlated with field-measured nitrate-N in the soil profile (0–1.5 m depth) after 9 months of weed-free fallow following PPS application. In contrast, only anaerobic mineralisable N was significantly correlated with field nitrate-N in the sandy soil. Anaerobic incubation would, therefore, be suitable as a rapid practical test to estimate potentially mineralisable N following applications of different PPS materials in the field.
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Kliese, Y. J., R. C. Dalal, W. M. Strong, and N. W. Menzies. "Corrigendum to: Piggery pond sludge as a nitrogen source for crops. 1. Mineral N supply estimated from laboratory incubations and field application of stockpiled and wet sludge." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 12 (2005): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04187_co.
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Piggery pond sludge (PPS) was applied, as-collected (Wet PPS) and following stockpiling for 12 months (Stockpiled PPS), to a sandy Sodosol and clay Vertosol at sites on the Darling Downs of Queensland. Laboratory measures of N availability were carried out on unamended and PPS-amended soils to investigate their value in estimating supplementary N needs of crops in Australia's northern grains region. Cumulative net N mineralised from the long-term (30 weeks) leached aerobic incubation was described by a first-order single exponential model. The mineralisation rate constant (0.057/week) was not significantly different between Control and PPS treatments or across soil types, when the amounts of initial mineral N applied in PPS treatments were excluded. Potentially mineralisable N (No) was significantly increased by the application of Wet PPS, and increased with increasing rate of application. Application of Wet PPS significantly increased the total amount of inorganic N leached compared with the Control treatments. Mineral N applied in Wet PPS contributed as much to the total mineral N status of the soil as did that which mineralised over time from organic N. Rates of CO2 evolution during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation indicated that the Stockpiled PPS was more stabilised (19.28% of applied organic C mineralised) than the Wet PPS (35.58% of applied organic C mineralised), due to higher lignin content in the former. Net nitrate-N produced following 12 weeks of aerobic non-leached incubation was highly correlated with net nitrate-N leached during 12 weeks of aerobic incubation (R2 = 0.96), although it was <60% of the latter in both sandy and clayey soils. Anaerobically mineralisable N determined by waterlogged incubation of laboratory PPS-amended soil samples increased with increasing application rate of Wet PPS. Anaerobically mineralisable N from field-moist soil was well correlated with net N mineralised during 30 weeks of aerobic leached incubation (R2 = 0.90 sandy soil; R2 = 0.93 clay soil). In the clay soil, the amount of mineral N produced from all the laboratory incubations was significantly correlated with field-measured nitrate-N in the soil profile (0.1.5 m depth) after 9 months of weed-free fallow following PPS application. In contrast, only anaerobic mineralisable N was significantly correlated with field nitrate-N in the sandy soil. Anaerobic incubation would, therefore, be suitable as a rapid practical test to estimate potentially mineralisable N following applications of different PPS materials in the field.
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Suryawati, Siti Hajar, Yayan Hikmayani, and Agus Heri Purnomo. "STRATEGI PENINGKATAN DAN ALOKASI PENERIMAAN NEGARA BUKAN PAJAK UNTUK PENINGKATAN OPERASIONAL LAYANAN PELABUHAN PERIKANAN." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 5, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v5i2.5802.
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Penelitian ini merupakan analisa tentang upaya meningkatkan penerimaan Negara bukan pajak (PNBP) pelabuhan perikanan yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni – Agustus 2009. Penelitian dilakukan denganpendekatan studi kasus, yang didasarkan pada hasil pengamatan dan analisis pada pelabuhan perikanan sampel yaitu Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS). Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) dan Pelabuhan Perikanan pantai (PPP). Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data menggunakan metode SWOT (at). Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan identifikasi strategi peningkatan layanan melalui optimal strength, Weakness, Opportunity, There sasi PNBP pelabuhan perikanan. Dari hasil analisis, teridentifikasi beberapa strategi kunci untuk peningkatan PNBP yaitu: (a) memaksimalkan kualitas layanan jasa dengan sarana prasarana yang ada; (b) perbaikan dan penambahan sarana-prasarana pelabuhan; © peningkatan kapasitas sumberdaya manusia; (d) meningkatkan kerjasama dengan institusi terkait; dan (e) peningkatan pengawasan serta perbaikan aturan serta implementasinya. Implikasi dari hasil kajian ini adalah perlunya kebijakan pengalokasian dana PNBP yang memberikan prioritas pada hal-hal yang tercakup dalam daftar strategi kunci tersebut. Tittle: Strategy to Increase and to Optimize Allocation of Non-Tax State Revenues for Better Services of Fishing Ports,This research is analysis on strategy to increase and optimize allocation of non-tax state revenue (PNBP). It uses a case-study approach combining with observation on selected fishing ports according to their classification: Oceanic Fishing Port (PPS), Inter-island Fishing Port (PPN), and Fish Landing Place (PPI). This research collects primary and secondary data while analytical method use a ‘SWOT’. Results show that four strategies to increase and optimize allocation of non-tax state revenue were identified, namely: (a) maximizing the quality of services using the existing facilities and infrastructure; (b) improving and adding the port facilities and infrastructure; (c) improving the capacity of human resources; (d) enhanching collaboration among related institution; and (e) improving surveillance and improving the regulations and their implementation. It then recommends allocation policy of PNBP by prioritizing services.
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Zhao, Wei, Jianhui Qiu, Eiichi Sakai, Haonan Wu, and Huixia Feng. "Study on effect of injection temperature on shear strength of the direct bond between polyphenylene sulfide and anodized aluminum alloy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2691, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2691/1/012064.
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Abstract A simple and environmentally friendly technique has been proposed to form a composite structure of high interfacial bonding strength between polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and aluminum alloy (Al). The Al substrate is modified through anodization and enlarging treatments. The influences of injection temperature on the anodic aluminum oxide film surface on the interfacial bond strength of the formed PPS-Al is discussed. The results revealed that when the injection temperature of PPS was set at 310°C, the bonding strength increased to 18.0 MPa. The adhesive strength exhibits a clear dependency on the injection temperature. At higher injection temperatures, PPS exhibits higher flowability and better penetration into nanoscale pores, resulting in a strong interlocking between PPS and anodized aluminum alloy.
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Sheng, Xiang Qian, Rui Ping Zhang, Mei Niu, Han Yang, Jin Ming Dai, and Li Bin Gao. "Preparation of SiO2/PPS Fiber and Study of its Heat-Resistant Properties." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2590.
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Through the addition of nano-silicon dioxide in the pure polyphenylene sulfide, the masterbatches were obtained, then using melt spinning technology to prepare SiO2/PPS fiber. The structure and heat-resistant properties of samples were characterized by transmission election microscopy (TEM), infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and other measurements. The experiment results indicate that the mechanical and heat resistance properties of PPS fiber were improved after adding the content of 1%wt nano-silicon dioxide. When the fiber was heated at 230°C for 24 hours, the breaking strength and elongation increased by 2.412cN/dtex and 11.90% compared to the pure PPS fiber. Moreover, the working temperature raised by 50°C.
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Tanaka, Kazuto, Daiki Kugimoto, and Tsutao Katayama. "Effects of Temperature on the Fibre Matrix Interfacial Shear Strength of Carbon Nanotube Grafted Carbon Fibre Reinforced Heat Resistant Resin." Key Engineering Materials 827 (December 2019): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.827.488.
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Transportation sector is required to reduce CO2 emissions as environmental problems are becoming more serious. Carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) are expected to be applied to the structural parts of automobiles and aircrafts because of their superior mechanical properties such as high specific strength, high specific stiffness and high recyclability. One of the problems in using CFRTP for the structural parts is heat resistance, and it is necessary to clarify the mechanical properties under their service environmental temperature. The tensile strength of CFRTP at high temperatures decreases with temperature rise. The fibre matrix interfacial shear strength is reported to be improved by grafting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of carbon fibre. In this study, in order to clarify the effects of temperature on the fibre matrix interfacial shear strength of CNTs grafted carbon fibre reinforced PPS resin, single fibre pull-out test was conducted. While the interfacial shear strength of CNT grafted-CF/PPS is higher than that of As-received-CF/PPS at 25 °C, no significant difference was found in the interfacial shear strength of As-received-CF/PPS and CNT grafted-CF/PPS at 80 °C.
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Chiorescu, Esmeralda. "PUMPING PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE RELATIONSHIP TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS." Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment 55, no. 2 (190) (February 9, 2023): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/alse-552058.
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In the context of the current energy crisis, electricity consumption, especially by large consumers, must be reduced, rationally, without affecting the quality of services provided. Pressure pumping stations (PPS) in irrigation systems are usually equipped with 4 to 8 electric pumping sets with an installed power that can even exceed 1 MW. Since the PPS serving the irrigation plots must work mainly on demand, the required flow rate in the network can vary widely even during each day of the irrigation period. Also, due to the dependence of the pressure loss on the flow carried in the pipe network, this dependence is usually represented by an increasing quadratic function, and the variation of the required flow also leads to a variation, generally significant, of the pressure required from the PPS. To ensure the necessary flow, the PPS are automated with Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, which optimally control the configuration of the electric pumps in operation and their speed. This article presents a mathematical model and algorithm that facilitate the determination of the correlation between the pressure and flow required from the PPS ((p-Q)C), rendered by an increasing function. The implementation of (p-Q)C in the SCADA system software at PPS 2 in the Trifești-Sculeni irrigation system, in the eastern part of Romania, determined a reduction of energy consumption by up to 16%.
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Lum, Hazel, Janice L. Podolski, M. Elizabeth Gurnack, Irena T. Schulz, Fei Huang, and Oksana Holian. "Protein phosphatase 2B inhibitor potentiates endothelial PKC activity and barrier dysfunction." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 281, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): L546—L555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.3.l546.
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Serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein phosphatases (PPs) are implicated in the recovery from endothelial barrier dysfunction caused by inflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that Ser/Thr PPs may regulate protein kinase C (PKC), a critical signaling molecule in barrier dysfunction, in the promotion of barrier recovery. Western analysis indicated that bovine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (BPMECs) expressed the three major Ser/Thr PPs, PP1, PP2A, and PP2B. Pretreatment with 100 ng/ml of FK506 (a PP2B inhibitor) but not with the PP1 and PP2A inhibitors calyculin A or okadaic acid potentiated the thrombin-induced increase in PKC phosphotransferase activity. FK506 also potentiated thrombin-induced PKC-α but not PKC-β phosphorylation. FK506 but not calyculin A or okadaic acid inhibited recovery from the thrombin-induced decrease in transendothelial resistance. Neither FK506 nor okadaic acid altered the thrombin-induced resistance decrease, whereas calyculin A potentiated the decrease. Downregulation of PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate rescued the FK506-mediated inhibition of recovery, which was consistent with the finding that the thrombin-induced phosphorylation of PKC-α was reduced during the recovery phase. These results indicated that PP2B may play a physiologically important role in returning endothelial barrier dysfunction to normal through the regulation of PKC.
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Sugama, T. "Polytetrafluoroethylene-Blended Polyphenylenesulphide Coatings for Mitigating Corrosion of Steel in Geothermal Environments." Engineering Plastics 6, no. 6 (January 1998): 147823919800600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919800600602.
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To improve the ability of polyphenylenesulphide (PPS) coatings to protect cold-rolled steel against corrosion in a low pH, hypersaline brine geothermal environment at 200°C, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was blended into the PPS. Not only does PTFE inhibit hot brine-induced oxidation of PPS surfaces, it provides a less susceptible surface to moisture because of its hydrophobic characteristics, reducing the rate of infiltration of corrosive ionic species through the coating film. However, blending an excessive amount of PTFE into PPS creates two undesirable features, causing the failure of the coatings as corrosion-preventingbarriers. One is the development of porous microstructure in the coating layer; the other is the formation of a weak boundary region at the interphase between the blended topcoating and the zinc phosphate precoating. The reason for the latter is the phase separation of PTFE from PPS.
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Sugama, T. "Polytetrafluoroethylene-Blended Polyphenylenesulphide Coatings for Mitigating Corrosion of Steel in Geothermal Environments." Polymers and Polymer Composites 6, no. 6 (September 1998): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119800600602.
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To improve the ability of polyphenylenesulphide (PPS) coatings to protect cold-rolled steel against corrosion in a low pH, hypersaline brine geothermal environment at 200°C, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was blended into the PPS. Not only does PTFE inhibit hot brine-induced oxidation of PPS surfaces, it provides a less susceptible surface to moisture because of its hydrophobic characteristics, reducing the rate of infiltration of corrosive ionic species through the coating film. However, blending an excessive amount of PTFE into PPS creates two undesirable features, causing the failure of the coatings as corrosion-preventingbarriers. One is the development of porous microstructure in the coating layer; the other is the formation of a weak boundary region at the interphase between the blended topcoating and the zinc phosphate precoating. The reason for the latter is the phase separation of PTFE from PPS.
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Karmarkar, Ellora, Ellora Karmarkar, Kathleen O’Donnell, Christopher Prestel, Kaitlin Forsberg, Kaitlin Forsberg, Douglas K. Schan, et al. "LB1. Regional Assessment and Containment of Candida auris Transmission in Post-Acute Care Settings—Orange County, California, 2019." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz415.2484.
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Abstract Background Patients in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) and skilled nursing facilities with ventilator units (VSNFs) are at high risk for Candida auris colonization; among patients colonized with this emerging pathogen, 5%–10% develop invasive disease with >45% mortality. In September 2018, a California LTACH-affiliated laboratory began enhanced C. auris surveillance by classifying species of Candida isolated from routine urine specimens. In February 2019, the first known Southern California case was detected in an Orange County (OC) LTACH; the patient had not traveled outside the region, indicating local acquisition. We performed point prevalence surveys (PPS) and infection prevention (IP) assessments at all OC LTACHs and VSNF subacute units to identify patients colonized with C. auris and control transmission. Methods During March–August 2019, we conducted PPS at facilities by collecting composite axilla and groin swabs for C. auris polymerase chain reaction testing and reflex culture from all patients who assented. Facilities with ≥1 C. auris-colonized patient repeated a PPS every 2 weeks to assess for new transmission. Isolate relatedness was assessed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We evaluated hand hygiene (HH) adherence, access to alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR), and cleaning of high-touch surfaces to guide IP recommendations. Results The first PPS at all OC LTACHs (n = 3) and adult VSNFs (n = 14) identified 45 C. auris-colonized patients in 3 (100%) LTACHs and 6 (43%) VSNFs; after repeated PPS, the total count reached 124. Most patients (70%) were at 2 facilities (Table 1). Three of 124 patients developed candidemia. To date, isolates from 48 patients have completed WGS; all were highly related (<11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in the African clade. Of 9 facilities with C. auris, 5 had HH adherence < 50%, 3 had limited ABHR, and at 2, <60% of assessed high-touch surfaces were clean. We recommended regular HH and cleaning audits, and increased ABHR. Conclusion Our investigation, prompted by enhanced surveillance, identified C. auris at 9 OC facilities. WGS indicated a single introduction and local transmission. Early detection, followed by rapid county-wide investigation and IP support, enabled containment efforts for C. auris in OC. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Mao, Ning, Jing Xian Liu, and Xi Sun. "Effect of SO2 on PPS by a New Durability Testing Method for Filter Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3052.
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The durability research on the filter media is of great significance. It is necessary to establish a laboratory test method on it in practical use. A new testing method is provided for filter media durability under corrosive gas condition in the paper. PPS is selected as standard testing sample and it is tested in SO2 gas. Under 1000ppm SO2 and 200°C condition, both warp strength and weft strength of PPS increase at the beginning and then gradually decrease with duration. And the decrease of weft elongation is obviously higher than warp elongation for PPS.
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Simell, Birgit, Mika Lahdenkari, Antti Reunanen, Helena Käyhty, and Merja Väkeväinen. "Effects of Ageing and Gender on Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides and Virulence-Associated Proteins." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, no. 9 (July 2, 2008): 1391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00110-08.
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ABSTRACT Elderly individuals are susceptible to pneumococcal infections. Although factors contributing to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to bacterial infections may be several, compromised immune function, a consequence of normal human ageing, is widely accepted to play a role. We evaluated the effect of ageing on the concentrations of naturally acquired antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PPS) and protein antigens. The concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to the PPS of serotypes 3, 4, 6B, 9V, 14, and 23F and IgG antibodies to the pneumococcal virulence-associated proteins CbpA, LytC, PhtD and its C-terminal fragment (PhtD C), NanA, PspA fam1, and PspA fam2 were measured by enzyme immunoassay in the sera of younger (30 to 64 years of age) and elderly (65 to 97 years of age) adults. The concentrations of anti-PPS IgG against serotypes 3 and 6B, of anti-PPS IgM against serotypes 3, 4, 6B, 9V, and 23F, and of anti-protein IgG against all tested antigens were significantly lower in the elderly than in younger adults. A stronger decline in anti-PPS antibody concentrations was seen with age in women compared to men, while anti-protein antibody concentrations were mainly similar between the genders. Age, gender, and the nature of the antigen have substantial and varying effects on the antibody concentrations in the sera of adults.
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Srinivasan, Shylaja, Ling Chen, Miriam Udler, Jennifer Todd, Megan M. Kelsey, Morey W. Haymond, Silva Arslanian, et al. "Initial Insights into the Genetic Variation Associated with Metformin Treatment Failure in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes." Pediatric Diabetes 2023 (May 24, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8883199.
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Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth but with limited sustained glycemic response. To identify common variants associated with metformin response, we used a genome-wide approach in 506 youth from the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study and examined the relationship between T2D partitioned polygenic scores (pPS), glycemic traits, and metformin response in these youth. Several variants met a suggestive threshold ( P < 1 × 10 − 6 ), though none including published adult variants reached genome-wide significance. We pursued replication of top nine variants in three cohorts, and rs76195229 in ATRNL1 was associated with worse metformin response in the Metformin Genetics Consortium (n = 7,812), though statistically not being significant after Bonferroni correction ( P = 0.06 ). A higher β-cell pPS was associated with a lower insulinogenic index ( P = 0.02 ) and C-peptide ( P = 0.047 ) at baseline and higher pPS related to two insulin resistance processes were associated with increased C-peptide at baseline ( P = 0.04 , 0.02 ). Although pPS were not associated with changes in glycemic traits or metformin response, our results indicate a trend in the association of the β-cell pPS with reduced β-cell function over time. Our data show initial evidence for genetic variation associated with metformin response in youth with T2D.
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Xing, Jian, Zhenzhen Xu, Qing-Qing Ni, and Huizhen Ke. "Preparation and characterization of polyphenylene sulfide/graphene nanoplatelets composite fibers with enhanced oxidation resistance." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 4 (August 7, 2019): 394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008319867748.
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Composite masterbatches of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared by melt blending via a twin-screw extruder. The structure and morphology of composite masterbatches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The PPS/functionalized GNPs composite fibers were then manufactured by a self-made spinning equipment via melt spinning. The oxidation resistance and other properties of PPS composite fibers were also examined. The results showed that the pure PPS fibers exhibited smooth surface, whereas the surface of PPS/functionalized GNPs composite fibers was rough. The addition of functionalized GNPs could be acted as heterogeneous nucleating agents to improve the crystallization and increase the degree of crystallinity. The retention rate of breaking strength of PPS/functionalized GNPs composite fibers could maintain up to 85% after the oxidation treatment. The improvement in the oxidation resistance of PPS/functionalized GNPs composite fibers is the results of comprehensive effects characterized by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The addition of functionalized GNPs could limit the damage of the C–S group and retard the generation of sulfuryl groups (–SO–) during the oxidation treatment. The chemical combination of the elements sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) could also be restricted, thus weakening the oxidation activity.
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Ashiru-Oredope, D., T. Harrison, E. Wright, R. Osman, C. Narh, U. Okereke, E. Harvey, et al. "Barriers and facilitators to pharmacy professionals’ specialist public health roles: a mixed methods UK-wide pharmaceutical public health evidence review." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii2—ii3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.001.
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Abstract Introduction Pharmaceutical Public Health (PPH) is defined as “the application of pharmaceutical knowledge, skills and resources to the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting, protecting and improving health for all through organised efforts of society”.1 In the UK (and globally) pharmacy professionals (PPs) contribute to the delivery of local and national public/population health (PH) interventions.2,3 However, little is known to what extent PPs have specialist/advanced roles within PH practice. Aim The mixed methods review, commissioned by the UK Chief Pharmaceutical Officers in 2020, aimed to explore PPs’ specialist PH contributions including barriers and opportunities. Methods Databases available through PubMed were searched to retrieve articles published in English (2011- 2021) on seven topics including: emergency preparedness resilience and response (EPRR); integrating pharmacy to better support public health protection and improvement goals; public health skills and mitigating health inequalities. Two independent electronic surveys were developed, piloted and deployed for pharmacy and public health specialists via email cascade and social media. The surveys explored the extent to which PPs are involved in PH roles including the barriers and opportunities. Descriptive statistics summarised the data, and open-ended responses were themed. The NHS Health Research Authority tool identified this project did not require ethical approval as the surveys were service evaluation. Results Rapid Evidence reviews: Following assessment of 2,542 articles, 448 evidence statements were extracted from 135 relevant articles. They were predominantly from USA (39%) and UK (29%), with fewer high-quality reviews (17) or guidance (12), than moderate/low-quality reviews (42), single studies (33), or quantitative research (33). Common themes of PPs’ contributions included: surveillance and intelligence gathering; advocacy for their communities; signposting; delivery of health improvement and protection services; supporting people with long-term-conditions; and EPRR. Barriers identified included: limited public and professional awareness of pharmacy’s contribution to public health and under-resourced PH training. Pharmacy and PH professionals Surveys: There were UK-wide responses from 128 PPs and 37 PH specialists. Opportunities identified by PPs included: PH areas they directly contribute to (45%); qualifications, knowledge and skills (27%); strategic position in the community (19%), recent changing health landscape (4%). Barriers included lack of defined career pathway (20%); poor professional recognition (18%); limited resources (16%); lack of training and support (15%) and organisational and structural barriers (10%). PH specialists identified at least 12 areas from the Faculty of PH’s functions and standards, they believed additional benefits would be realised by PPs working directly within PH teams. Although only 40% PH specialists had PPs working within their teams, 83% stated that it would be beneficial or very beneficial to have PPs specialising in PH. Discussion/Conclusion Dedicated PPH training and system-wide leadership are required to fully realise population-level benefits. Low responses to the surveys present a study limitation, however, there was consensus from the themes emerging from both surveys and rapid evidence reviews findings. Pharmacy professionals make specialist contributions to PH despite barriers. Further investigation is required to identify how best to deploy advanced PPH resources. Future qualitative studies should be considered. References 1. Walker, R. Pharmaceutical public health: the end of pharmaceutical care? The Pharmaceutical Journal 2000;264:340–1. 2. PHE (2017). Pharmacy: A Way Forward for Public Health https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/community-pharmacy-public-health-interventions (accessed 31 July 2021) 3. Thomson K, Hillier-Brown F, Walton N, Bilaj M, Bambra C, Todd A. The effects of community pharmacy-delivered public health interventions on population health and health inequalities: A review of reviews. Prev Med. 2019 Jul;124:98-109.
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Takayama, Kazumasa, Shunsuke Yamada, Yuu Kobori, and Hayao Shiode. "Association Between the Postoperative Condition of the Subscapularis Tendon and Clinical Outcomes After Superior Capsular Reconstruction Using Autologous Tensor Fascia Lata in Patients With Pseudoparalytic Shoulder." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 8 (May 15, 2020): 1812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520919956.
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Background: Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) has been performed for irreparable rotator cuff tear and pseudoparalytic shoulder (PPS); however, poor clinical outcomes have occasionally been reported. Previous studies have shown that the cause of poor clinical results was mainly graft rupture; however, poor clinical outcomes have also been observed in some cases even though the graft was not ruptured. Hypothesis/Purpose: We hypothesized that the subscapularis (SSC) tendon would be an important factor affecting clinical outcomes after SCR. The purpose was to clarify the correlation between the condition of the SSC tendon and clinical outcomes after SCR in patients with PPS. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 27 patients who had undergone SCR for PPS performed by 1 surgeon between June 2014 and July 2017. The 27 patients were divided into 3 groups for evaluation: group A (n = 12), irreparable supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus (ISP) tears but intact SSC tendon; group B (n = 11), irreparable SSP and ISP tears and repairable SSC tear; and group C (n = 4), irreparable SSP, ISP, and SSC tears. We evaluated the preoperative and postoperative ranges of motion (ROMs; active flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form score, and graft condition on magnetic resonance imaging at 12 months postoperatively. All data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Fisher exact tests, and P < .05 was considered significant. Results: Postoperative flexion, abduction, and internal rotation ROMs were significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B (flexion: 70.0° ± 17.8° vs 153.3° ± 14.3° and 154.5° ± 14.3°, P = .003 and P = .003, respectively; abduction: 67.5° ± 15° vs 148.3° ± 22.5° and 140° ± 29.3°, P = .003 and P = .004, respectively; internal rotation: L4 vs Th10 and Th11, P = .005 and P = .008, respectively). All 23 patients in groups A and B were able to recover from PPS; however, no patient recovered from PPS in group C. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the SSC tendon is the important factor for achieving good clinical outcomes after SCR in patients with PPS. When the SSC tendon was irreparable, SCR was not an effective treatment for patients with PPS.
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Zhang, Hua Yong, Cong Sheng Guan, Tian Duo Li, and Xiao Deng Yang. "Technology of Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) Resin/Graphite Conductive Composite for Bipolar Plate." Key Engineering Materials 519 (July 2012): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.519.49.
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A kind of conductive composite material for the bipolar plate of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was fabricated by the hot-pressure molding with graphite powders and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin powders. The influencing factors including PPS resin content, molding pressure and molding temperature, and temperature holding time on the conductivity, flexural strength and density of the composite were investigated. It was found that the perfect conditions for the fabrication of bipolar plate were that the PPS resin content was 25%wt, the forming pressure was 20 MPa, the mold temperature was 320°C and the holding time was 25 min.
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Gros, Celine, Julie Tarrieu, Valérie Nassiet, and Emmanuel Dutarde. "A Study of Mechanisms of Poly (PhenyleneSulfide) Thermal Degradation in Air." Advanced Materials Research 112 (May 2010): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.112.9.
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Because of its special properties and commercial significance, Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) has been the subject of many research efforts since its commercial introduction in 1967. Intensive work has been done on its crystalline structure and morphology and its thermal behaviour. But fewer investigations have been carried out to understand long term behaviour in high temperature environments. Always anticipating industrial needs linked to power integration, we have launched an extensive study on thermal aging in air of PPS at 250°C. This study has shown that PPS thermal degradation in air happens by intermolecular branching reaction, similar to crosslinking. This phenomenon was already known for temperature above 300°C. This crosslinking is evidenced by rheometry where the relative position of G’ and G’’ above melting temperature changes with aging. IR spectroscopy confirms that para substituted benzene in PPS molecule is transformed in 1,2,4 trisubstituted benzene. DSC measurements evidence both an elevation of melting temperature and a change in melting endotherm showing significant changes in crystalline morphology along aging, which tends to indicate that crosslinking occurs in crystalline phase. Then degradation implies drastic loss of mechanical properties leading to destruction of the sample.
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Orii, Kenji, Alaena Lim, Shunji Tomatsu, Molly Stapleton, Yasuyuki Suzuki, Calogera M. Simonaro, Edward H. Schuchman, Toshiyuki Fukao, and Tadashi Matsumoto. "Safety Study of Sodium Pentosan Polysulfate for Adult Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II." Diagnostics 9, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040226.
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Current therapies for the mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) do not effectively address skeletal and neurological manifestations. Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is an alternative treatment strategy that has been shown to improve bone architecture, mobility, and neuroinflammation in MPS animals. The aims of this study were to a) primarily establish the safety of weekly PPS injections in attenuated MPS II, b) assess the efficacy of treatment on MPS pathology, and c) define appropriate clinical endpoints and biomarkers for future clinical trials. Subcutaneous injections were administered to three male Japanese patients for 12 weeks. Enzyme replacement therapy was continued in two of the patients while they received PPS and halted for two months in one patient before starting PPS. During treatment, one patient experienced an elevation of alanine transaminase, and another patient experienced convulsions; however, these incidences were non-cumulative and unrelated to PPS administration, respectively. Overall, the drug was well-tolerated in all patients, and no serious drug-related adverse events were noted. Generally, PPS treatment led to an increase in several parameters of shoulder range of motion and decrease of the inflammatory cytokines, MIF and TNF-α, which are potential clinical endpoints and biomarkers, respectively. Changes in urine and serum glycosaminoglycans were inconclusive. Overall, this study demonstrates the safety of using PPS in adults with MPS II and suggests the efficacy of PPS on MPS pathology with the identification of potential clinical endpoints and biomarkers.
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Garzón Martínez, Lucía. "Arendt, Hannah (2018). Sobre la violencia. Trad. C. Criado, Madrid: Alianza, 141 pps.." Differenz, no. 8 (2022): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/differenz.2018.i08.12.
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Turøy, Anne Kristine Wallace. "Once a poor pitch singer, always a poor pitch singer? A bottom up study of factors that may support singing development." British Journal of Music Education 35, no. 1 (October 18, 2017): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505171700016x.
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Approximately 10% of students have singing difficulties appearing as poor pitch singing. During the period 2012 to 2014, I assessed 2390 recordings from 239 students. 25 students were graded below C, and thus were defined as poor pitch singers (PPS). However, these students showed varying patterns of mastery within their own portfolios of recordings. This raised the initial research question: Are there features within the musical material itself that can explain the varying degrees of mastery? The best and the weakest performances of the PPS were analyzed in terms of musical structures and lyrics. Features of the singing repertoire, self-concept and practice appear to influence singing development with PPS.
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Huang, Xing, Jun Lu, Ting Gao, Chang Fa Xiao, and Li Liu. "Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Field on Crystallization Properties of Polyphenlene Sulfide." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1627.
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Crystallization properties of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) during the isothermal crystallization at 245°C in the pulse magnetic field is studied by using X-ray diffraction, polarization microscope(POM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). We came to the conclusions that crystallization properties of PPS are changed under the influence of magnetic field; magnetic field promotes the perfection of the crystalline structure but inhibits the crystallinity.
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Musso, Anahi, Claudia Cristina Lopez Lastra, Susana Beatriz Padin, Graciela Monica Minardi, and Jose Eduardo Marcondes Almeida. "Effects of the combination of phytosanitary products and entomopathogenic fungi for the control of insect pests." Acta Agronómica 71, no. 2 (March 2, 2023): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v71n2.97313.
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The combination of phytosanitary products (PPs) and entomopathogenic fungi (EF) can be used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of PPs, commonly used in Argentina and Brazil, combined with Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Cordyceps (Isaria) fumosorosea, for the control of insect pests in the post-harvest of wheat, under laboratory and semi-field conditions. In vitro compatibility was assessed using the biological index (BI) based on the percentages of fungal vegetative growth, sporulation, and germination. The number of colony-forming units (CFUs) was evaluated under semi-field conditions. In all cases, PPs evaluated reduced the mean germination percentages as compared with the control. According to the BI, none of the treatments evaluated were compatible with any of the three isolates, except for the treatment L7 of Lambdacialotrine, which was moderately toxic on B. bassiana. Evaluated PPs did not affect the number of CFUs of B. bassiana or C. fumosorosea with respect to the control. In contrast, PPs affected the number of CFUs of M. anisopliae, independently of the persistence time of fungi on the grains. PPs and EF should be applied separately under semi-field conditions, however, further research under field conditions should be conducted to confirm the compatibility within an IPM strategy.
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Venkatesh, Govindarajan, Kodigal A. Gopinath, Kotha Sammi Reddy, Baddigam Sanjeeva Reddy, Mathyam Prabhakar, Cherukumalli Srinivasarao, Venugopalan Visha Kumari, and Vinod Kumar Singh. "Characterization of Biochar Derived from Crop Residues for Soil Amendment, Carbon Sequestration and Energy Use." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042295.
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The crop residues generated in agricultural fields are mostly considered a burden due to their disposal issues. This study attempts to effectively use pigeon pea stalk (PPS) for biochar production, a promising source as a soil amendment for carbon sequestration and alternative fuel source. PPS was pyrolyzed at different loads and reaction times to optimize the kiln temperature (350–400 °C and 450–500 °C) and changes in physicochemical properties, higher heating value (HHV) and yield were assessed. The results indicated that biochar yield, volatile matter, bulk density, O/C and H/C atomic ratios decreased, whereas fixed carbon, ash content and total porosity increased with increasing kiln temperature across all loads. Biochar produced at 450–500 °C (18 kg load kiln−1) had higher total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, recovered total carbon and total nitrogen, total potential carbon and CO2 reduction potential. Biochar produced at 350–400 °C had the maximum cation exchange capability (43.0 cmol kg−1). Biochar has estimated O/C and H/C atomic ratios of 0.07–0.15 and 0.35–0.50, respectively. Biochar exhibited good agronomic characteristics and fulfilled key quality criteria of H/C < 0.7 and O/C < 0.4 for soil carbon sequestration, as described by the European Biochar Certificate and the International Biochar Initiative. The estimated mean residence time and the mass fraction of carbon that would remain after 100 years were consistently greater than 1000 years and 80%, respectively. The biochar produced at 450–500 °C (at 18.0 kg kiln−1) from PPS had higher fixed carbon (65.3%), energy density (1.51), energetic retention efficiency (53%), fuel ratio (4.88), and HHV (25.01 MJ kg−1), as well as lower H/C and O/C ratios, implying that it is suitable for use as an alternative solid fuel.
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Hashizume-Takizawa, Tomomi, Naoko Shibata, Yosuke Kurashima, Hiroshi Kiyono, Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai, and Kohtaro Fujihashi. "Distinct roles for Peyer’s patch B cells for induction of antigen-specific IgA antibody responses in mice administered oral recombinant Salmonella." International Immunology 31, no. 8 (March 14, 2019): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxz029.
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AbstractOur previous study demonstrated an indispensable role of Peyer’s patches (PPs) for the induction of antigen-specific secretory (S)IgA antibody responses after oral immunization with recombinant Salmonella expressing fragment C of tetanus toxin (rSalmonella-Tox C). In this study, we defined the PP lymphoid structures and immune cells required for the induction of mucosal SIgA antibody responses. Adoptive transfer of mononuclear cells (MNCs) from PPs into PP-deficient (PP-null) mice failed to elicit tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific mucosal immunity. However, when the same PP MNCs were transferred into lethally irradiated PP-normal recipient mice, PP MNCs preferentially emigrated to recipient PPs, leading to PP lymphoid structures and TT-specific SIgA antibody responses. Significantly reduced numbers of TT-specific IgA antibody-forming cells were detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and intestinal lamina propria of mice when surface expression of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor on lymphocytes was inhibited by its agonist FTY720. However, FTY720 treatment did not alter dendritic cell migration or Salmonella dissemination into these tissues. When rSalmonella-Tox C-stimulated CD4+ T cells isolated from PPs, MLNs and the spleen were co-cultured with B cells from these tissues, significantly increased levels of TT-specific IgA antibody responses were exclusively induced in cultures containing PP B cells. Furthermore, surface IgA+ PP B cells produced TT-specific IgA antibody responses in vitro. These findings suggest that PP lymphoid structures and surface IgA+ PP B cells are essential elements for the induction of antigen-specific intestinal SIgA antibody responses to oral Salmonella.
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Charles, Albert Linton, Nomalungelo Motsa, and Annur Ahadi Abdillah. "A Comprehensive Characterization of Biodegradable Edible Films Based on Potato Peel Starch Plasticized with Glycerol." Polymers 14, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173462.
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Potatoes are a source of starch, which is an eco-friendly alternative to petrochemicals in plastic production. Increasing potato production also creates agricultural waste that could be converted to potato peel starch (PPS) and developed as films. A response surface method approach was employed to optimize the bioconversion of PPS (2, 4, and 6% w/v) and compared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based films. The microstructure analysis of PPSF showed increased thickness, decreased swelling power, water solubility, and vapor permeability, which were linked to increased molecular interactions as a function of PPS increments. However, low-starch PPSF exhibited high transparency, good mechanical properties, and thermal stability (high melting temperature), pliability, and accelerated seawater and soil biodegradation (~90%: 20 and 50 days, respectively). All films exhibited thermal stability at >100 °C and retained similar amorphous characteristics, evidenced by their flexibility, which confirmed the potential use for PPS in packaging perishable and cooled foods.