Academic literature on the topic 'C.p.m.p'

Purpose. An association between the floppy eyelid syndrome and the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (O.S.A.) has been reported. We studied eyelid tissue elasticity and other ophthalmologic findings in a large number of patients with sleep disorders. Material and Methods. Sixty-nine patients with sleep disorders were evaluated. Two thirds were found to have O.S.A., and one third was treated at night by nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nasal C.P.A.P.). Slit lamp examination, eyelid measurements and Schirmer test were performed. Results. Eyelid hyperlaxity was increased in patients with O.S.A. The floppy eyelid syndrome (associated papillary conjunctivitis), however, was rare. Associated corneal lesions were rare, and most patients were asymptomatic. In some cases, ocular irritation was due to air leaks from nasal C.P.A.P. A significant proportion of patients required treatment for primary open angle glaucoma. Conclusions. Our study of 69 patients found an association between O.S.A. and eyelid hyperlaxity.

Although it seems to be an exhausted subject at first glance, the therapeutic approach in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (O.S.A.S.) is still an open subject. The continuous positive airway pressure (C.P.A.P.) represents the gold standard of therapy in O.S.A.S. However, this therapeutic process with C.P.A.P. has a low rate of compliancy, over 50% of patients quit in the first year of use. Implicitly, surgical solutions or mandibular advancement devices remain an alternative for many of these patients. High costs, complexity and risks associated with surgery have led to the identification of more accurate methods for topographic and functional diagnosis in O.S.A.S. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (D.I.S.E.) with target-controlled infusion (T.C.I.) using propofol in the management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea is a relatively recently introduced method in Romania. The present paper describes our experience with D.I.S.E for selected patients, who have undergone surgery on the upper airway for O.S.A.S. The D.I.S.E method has led to the modification of the initial surgical plan in over 60% of patients with multi-level obstruction. Under these conditions, the surgical success rate in patients of the study increased to 80% at 6 months. Considering the specific endowment of each tertiary sleep center, the presence or absence of an operator block and the anesthetist�s experience with target-controlled (T.C.I.) infusion using propofol, more extensive and multicenter studies are needed for standardization of D.I.S.E.

Tanto la planificación estratégica como la adecuada comunicación son imprescindibles en cualquier organización. Bajo estas premisas, se describe la gestión estratégica del Consejo Profesional de Ciencias Económicas (Mendoza, Argentina), organismo público que no cuenta con un plan estratégico como guía de sus acciones.
Fil: Oliva, Noelia Anabel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.

Ogni volta che un fatto commesso da un lavoratore costituisca contemporaneamente un illecito penale e un illecito disciplinare si profilano interferenze tra il procedimento penale e il procedimento disciplinare. Nel settore del lavoro privato i rapporti tra i due procedimenti sono ispirati al principio di reciproca autonomia, con la conseguenza che il datore di lavoro esercita il potere disciplinare indipendentemente dall’azione penale. Vi sono, tuttavia, delle ipotesi in cui la giurisprudenza e la contrattazione collettiva hanno individuato dei meccanismi di raccordo tra i diversi procedimenti. Viene a delinearsi una disciplina disomogenea, che nell’applicazione pratica risente di soluzioni calibrate in base alla singola fattispecie concreta. Peraltro, nel caso di impugnazione della sanzione disciplinare davanti al giudice civile, è necessario considerare gli effetti del giudicato che la sentenza penale può esprimere in quel giudizio ai sensi dell’art. 654 c.p.p. Diversamente, nei settori del pubblico impiego e delle libere professioni ha mantenuto per molto tempo un ruolo centrale l’istituto della pregiudizialità penale che impone la sospensione del procedimento disciplinare quando per lo stesso fatto il p.m. ha esercitato l’azione penale. Il procedimento disciplinare rimane sospeso fino agli esiti del giudizio penale e la sentenza esprime efficacia di giudicato ai sensi dell’art. 653 c.p.p. Una serie di recenti riforme, tuttavia, ha in parte abbandonato la sospensione necessaria del procedimento disciplinare, al fine di rendere più celere la risposta disciplinare a gravi illeciti compiuti dai pubblici dipendenti e dai liberi professionisti. Gli interventi del legislatore non riguardano generalmente tutti i pubblici impiegati e i liberi professionisti, ma soltanto alcune particolari categorie, e ciò determina ulteriori asimmetrie tra i diversi settori. La presente tesi di dottorato cerca di ricostruire la complessa rete dei rapporti tra processo penale e procedimenti disciplinari in materia di lavoro, sottolineando le incongruenze di un sistema che, da un lato, sponsorizza l’autonomia fra i diversi settori dell’ordinamento e, dall’altro lato, fatica ad abbandonare l’idea del necessario coordinamento tra gli esiti di procedimenti di natura diversa aventi per oggetto il medesimo fatto.
Whenever an offence committed by a worker is at the same time both a criminal offence and a disciplinary offence, it may cause interferences between criminal proceeding and disciplinary proceeding. In the private sector, relationships between the two proceedings are based on the principle of mutual autonomy, with the result that the employer's disciplinary power is independent of the criminal action of the public prosecutor. There are, anyway, some hypotheses in which sentencing decisions and collective bargaining agreements have found some processes to connect the two proceedings. That creates a not homogeneous discipline which, in practical applications, is influenced by the solutions provided to the specific cases. Moreover, in case of contestation of the disciplinary sanctions before a civil judge, it is necessary to consider the effect of the res judicata which the criminal judgment can express in that civil proceeding pursuant to Article 654 Code of Criminal Procedure. In public employment and in liberal professions, on the contrary, a prejudicial approach, which imposes the stay of proceedings when for the same offence a public prosecutor has promoted a criminal action, has maintained a central role for a long time. The disciplinary proceeding stays until the conclusion of the criminal process, and the judgment is equivalent to the res judicata, pursuant to Article 653 Code of Criminal Procedure. Anyhow, a series of recent reforms, has partly dropped the principle of prejudicial approach and the rule of stay of proceedings in order to accelerate the disciplinary response to a disciplinary offence made by public employees and freelances. The interventions of the legislator do not generally refer to all public employees and freelances, but only to some particular categories, and that causes further asymmetries among the different sectors, such as civil servants, council workers, university professors, diplomats, lawyers, architects, doctors etc. This Ph.D. dissertation tries to reconstruct the complex network of relations between criminal and disciplinary proceedings on job matters by highlighting the incongruities of a system which, on the one hand sponsors the autonomy among different sectors of the legal system and on the other hand finds it difficult to give up the idea of a necessary coordination of the results of the proceedings of different nature, having the same offence as their subject.

1. – The title of the final dissertation is The limits of the res judicata effect of criminal judgments in “other” civil proceedings according to art. 654 c.p.p. Methodological foundations for a subsequent study. 2. – The research carried out during the doctoral cycle takes its roots in the discipline dedicated to the res judicata effect of the criminal judgement in “other” civil proceedings, as per art. 654 of the Italian code of criminal procedure [hereinafter “c.p.p.”]. The analysis of the law and of the doctrine has led to detect some critical interpretations, in particular in relation to its scope and to the subjective and objective limitations to the res judicata effect of the criminal judgement in subsequent civil proceedings. In addition, the analysis of the edited jurisprudence in relation to the rule in question has led to observe an incoherent application of the said discipline. The analysis of the most relevant doctrine and jurisprudence confirms the numerous interpretative perplexities that involve the discipline set in art. 654 c.p.p., in particular with regard to its divergence from the principles that govern the res judicata according to the traditional doctrine in civil procedural law. The same notes were also the subject of the recent XXXII National Conference of the Italian Association of Civil Procedural Law Scholars on The Statute of the Judge and the Assessment of Facts (Messina, 27-28 September 2019). 3. – At a methodological level, the research has been carried out by elaborating a complete bibliography on each of the main topics dealt with. The essays, the articles and the most relevant jurisprudence have been examined with scientific method in order to obtain a more complete vision of the topics covered by the dissertation. Specific consideration was given to the contribution ZUMPANO, Rapporti tra processo penale e processo civile, Turin, 2000, on the relationship between criminal and civil proceedings. Each issue developed in the dissertation has been addressed with the conceptual and dogmatic instruments of civil procedural law science; they have also been applied to the analysis of issues belonging to criminal procedural law. According to this, the author often found a difficulty in the translation, both terminological and conceptual, of the basic institutions between the two procedural law sciences. 4. – The primary result of the research was to redefine the object of the final work. It regards the logical and legal premises necessary for an analysis of art. 654 c.p.p., to be carried out later in time. In this way, the structure of the final report is divided into three chapters. (1) The introductory premises on the res judicata effect of the criminal judgement in other criminal judgements having the same object (artt. 648 and 649 c.p.p.). (2) The hypothesis of a positive and binding effect of the criminal res judicata in subsequent criminal judgements having a different object. (3) The res judicata effect of the criminal judgement in civil tort and damage judgements (artt. 651-652 c.p.p.) and the relative premises: (i) the right to compensation relating to crimes (art. 185 of the criminal code) and (ii) the damage claim in the criminal proceedings (artt. 74 ff. c.p.p.) and in the civil proceedings. 5. – Considering all the elements, the dissertation deals with some issues that constitute the leitmotiv of the work. They are, first, the typical object of a criminal judgement as a fact. Second, the classification of the notion of crime as a prejudicial element in a technical sense. Third, the definition of the right to compensation for damages related to a crime. Fourth, the scope of application of the discipline dedicated to the damage claim related to a crime. Fifth, the peculiarities of the discipline of the res judicata effect of criminal judgement in civil proceedings in relation to its scope of application and its subjective limitation.

La mise en œuvre d'initiatives en faveur de la mixité sociale dans les classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles s'est largement développée depuis 2001. Des dispositifs expérimentaux d'ouverture sociale ont ainsi été lancés à l'initiative d'établissements prestigieux. Cette recherche présente dans un premier temps le système sélectif des classes préparatoires basé sur le principe de méritocratie, analyse les mécanismes de sélection sociale qui s'y opèrent et donne un éclairage sur le contexte national et international qui a contribué à mettre ce système en mouvement. Une réflexion est ensuite menée sur les enjeux de cette volonté récente d'ouverture sociale de l'accès aux filières élitistes puis sont examinés des dispositifs porteurs de solutions nouvelles en faveur de la diversité. Une enquête de terrain évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité de l'un d'entre eux créé en 2006 par le lycée Henri IV et repris depuis par d’autres établissements : la Classe Préparatoire aux Études Supérieures. Cette année de mise à niveau post-baccalauréat à destination d'élèves boursiers prometteurs souhaite remédier aux injustices sociales et culturelles produites en amont et lutter ainsi contre la forte reproduction sociale des classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles. Une analyse des données quantitatives et qualitatives recueillies auprès d'étudiants et de responsables de CPES est menée afin de vérifier si cette année de rattrapage a véritablement rempli sa mission en améliorant le parcours scolaire de jeunes boursiers à fort potentiel et s'il s'agit bien là d'une amorce de rétablissement de l'égalité des chances au sein du système éducatif
The implementation of initiatives in favour of social mix in the Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles has significantly developed since 2001. Thus, experimental strategies for social openness have been launched by prestigious schools. This research aims at presenting the Classes Préparatoires selective system which is based on meritocracy values, it then analyses the social selection mechanisms occurring in these classes and it also highlights the national and international situation which has contributed to setting up this system. The research then focuses on the stakes of this recent social openness desire concerning the access to elitist courses and on the measures that convey new answers in favour of this diversity. This study next examines a field survey assessing the relevance and effectiveness of one of these measures known as the Classe Préparatoire aux Études Supérieures (CPES). The CPES was created in 2006 by Lycée Henri IV and has then been reproduced in other schools. This one-year post-baccalauréat bridging course targeting promising scholarship students is aimed at finding a solution to social and cultural injustices and thus at fighting the strong social reproduction noticed in the Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles. An analysis of quantitative and qualitative information collected from students and from teachers in charge of the CPES is being carried out in order to check whether this one-year catch-up course has really been successful in improving the academic path of high-potential young scholarship students. This same analysis also checks whether the CPES actually is the starting point of restoring equal opportunities within the educational system

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Describe el diseño de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales, conformado por Lagunas de Estabilización Facultativas. La cámara de rejas es un dispositivo formado por barras metálicas paralelas, del mismo espesor e igualmente separados. Se destina a la remoción de solidos gruesos en suspensión como cuerpos flotantes. Impide que pasen sólidos, para prevenir obstrucciones en la tubería de descarga a la laguna. El tratamiento primario se lleva a cabo en la Laguna Facultativa Primaria, la cual se diseña principalmente para la remoción de materia orgánica suspendida (SST) y no la obtención de un efluente de alta calidad, el resto pasa a la segunda etapa. La etapa secundaria en la Laguna Secundaria esencialmente es la eliminación de bacterias patógenas, además de su efecto desinfectante, estas lagunas cumplen otros objetivos como son la nitrificación del nitrógeno amoniacal, la eliminación de ciertos nutrientes, la clarificación del efluente y como consecuencia de esto el efluente se encuentra bien oxigenado. Una vez realizado los cálculos para el diseño de la planta podremos comparar, si las aguas ya tratadas pueden ser reutilizables en la agricultura. Se dispondrá la colocación de una Geomembrana HDPE de 1mm de espesor, que impida la filtración e infiltración de las aguas hacia las lagunas.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

Il presente elaborato è dedicato allo studio del giudizio di rinvio che si svolge davanti al giudice civile a seguito dell’annullamento della sentenza penale ai soli effetti civili, ai sensi dell’art. 622 c.p.p. In particolare, l’obiettivo del presente studio è quello di individuare - nel silenzio della legge - la disciplina propria di questo particolare giudizio, giudizio che costituisce un punto di contatto tra sistema processuale penale e sistema processuale civile. Premessi brevi cenni - nel primo capitolo - in merito all’evoluzione della disciplina del rapporto tra azione civile e azione penale, al fine di inquadrare l’istituto dell’annullamento della sentenza penale ai soli effetti civili, l’indagine si sofferma - nel secondo capitolo - sull’individuazione delle ipotesi applicative dell’art 622 c.p.p. Una volta chiariti ratio e oggetto del giudizio di rinvio in esame, l’elaborato esamina le soluzioni proposte dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza in merito a struttura, funzione, natura, caratteri, limiti e regole processuali, giungendo ad affermare che non possono essere applicate direttamente ed esclusivamente le norme del codice di procedura civile che disciplinano lo svolgimento del giudizio di rinvio. L’analisi si occupa, quindi, di illustrare come, e in che termini, devono essere coordinate disciplina processuale penale e disciplina processuale civile.
This paper addresses the proceedings called “giudizio di rinvio” before the civil judge following the declaration of the judgment as null and void (“annullamento”) with respect to its civil effects only, ex Article 622 of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure. In particular, this paper aims at identifying - in the absence of ad hoc law provisions - the proper rules for this peculiar proceedings, the latter being a point of contact between the criminal procedure system and the civil procedure system. In Section first, with the aim at framing the procedure relating to the declaration as null and void (“annullamento”) of the criminal judgement with respect to its civil effects only, this paper briefly addresses how the rules applicable to the relationship between civil action and criminal action have developed. In the Section second, this paper addresses the cases wherein Article 622 of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure is applicable. Once the ratio and the scope of the “giudizio di rinvio” has been addressed, this paper analyses the solutions proposed by the Italian Authors and case laws with respect to structure, purpose, nature, characters, limitations and procedural rules, concluding that the civil procedure rules governing the “giudizio di rinvio” cannot be applied directly and exclusively. Accordingly, this paper illustrates how the applicable criminal procedure rules and civil procedure rules should be coordinated.

La Terapia Ocupacional dentro de los centros penitenciarios tiene un amplio panorama en el mundo; el medio penitenciario está ideado no sólo como función de control, contención y pago de la deuda social, sino de rehabilitación, reinserción, recuperación, se entiende como un espacio de tratamiento donde el cambio personal sea posible además de la adaptación a los nuevos roles que se tienen dentro de estos centros de reclusión. Actualmente en la República Mexicana no se conoce nada sobre terapia ocupacional dentro de centros penitenciarios pero podríamos tomar este trabajo como un comienzo hacia los nuevos horizontes que puede tomar la Terapia Ocupacional en México. Objetivo: Identificar el Nivel de Motivación y Comportamiento en mujeres que acuden a los Talleres de Desempeño Ocupacional dentro de un Centro Penitenciario. Material y métodos: La investigación se realizó en el Centro Preventivo de Readaptación Social de Ecatepec, Estado de México, se incluyeron 35 internas en la investigación, con una edad cronológica entre 20 y 30 años (promedio 26.3 años). Es un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo; donde se identificó el Nivel de Motivación y Comportamiento de la interna mediante el Cuestionario Volicional Modificado. De acuerdo con el objetivo general; los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación aplicando EL CUESTIONARIO VOLICIONAL MODIFICADO, muestran lo siguiente que de las 35 internas, 24 (68.5%), tienen un NIVEL MEDIO DE MOTIVACIÓN. Conclusión: Con el presente trabajo se demuestra que las actividades que realizan dentro de los talleres de ocupación del Centro Preventivo de Readaptación Social de Ecatepec, Estado de México mantienen un NIVEL MEDIO de Motivación y Comportamiento en más del 40% de las internas.

Il lavoro ha ad oggetto i casi in cui l’agente che ha tenuto una condotta colposa risponde penalmente anche se la lesione del bene giuridico protetto non sia stata da lui direttamente provocata, ma sia piuttosto immediatamente riconducibile alla condotta eterolesiva o al comportamento autolesivo di un altro soggetto. Tale forma di responsabilità “in relazione ad un fatto altrui”, lungi dall’essere del tutto eccezionale, si presenta in numerosi casi di omesso controllo, di inadempiuto obbligo di impedimento del reato altrui, di lavoro in équipe o all’interno di organizzazioni complesse quali grandi realtà produttive. La tesi esplora le problematiche strutturali di questa forma di responsabilità, individuando alcune “note relazionali”, elementi che fanno dipendere la definizione e la misura della responsabilità di chi è meno prossimo alla lesione del bene giuridico anche dalla condotta altrui. L’analisi, che interessa diversi elementi del reato, mira a valutare se a questi tratti di relazionalità corrispondano altrettanti istituti giuridici adeguatamente sviluppati, o se le incertezze dogmatiche e applicative impediscano una chiara ripartizione delle responsabilità tra i vari soggetti coinvolti nella realizzazione del reato. Nell’ambito del fatto tipico, viene analizzato il problema della sovrapposizione ed interruzione del nesso causale tra le diverse condotte e l’evento del reato, e ribadita la validità del paradigma condizionalistico, anche per accertare l’influenza del comportamento di un soggetto sulle deliberazioni prese da un altro (c.d. causalità psichica). Vengono poi criticamente analizzate le diverse teorie sulle fonti delle posizioni di garanzia, in cui la responsabilità del garante esiste e si manifesta necessariamente in dipendenza del comportamento di un altro soggetto. Sul punto, viene svolta una comparazione con l’ordinamento tedesco, che in tempi recenti ha optato per un approccio tassonomico dei singoli casi di omesso impedimento del fatto altrui, in chiave espansiva rispetto al riferimento alle sole fonti legali e negoziali, con il rischio, tuttavia, di aggirare il canone di tipicità. Con riguardo alla colpevolezza, il tema è la dimensione “relazionale” della colpa, che si declina in vari istituti: nella formulazione stessa di alcune regole cautelari che impongono di tener conto della condotta altrui; nel principio di affidamento, che limita la responsabilità dei singoli coinvolti in un’azione plurisoggettiva, e richiede un delicata individuazione dei suoi confini per non generare vuoti di tutela; nell’annoso tema della c.d. “causalità della colpa”, in particolare poiché l’interposizione della condotta di un altro soggetto rende quantomai incerta la verifica dell’evitabilità dell’evento. Infine, vengono esplorati i travagliati istituti concorsuali colposi. Dopo aver evidenziato le incertezze strutturali e la limitata funzione incriminatrice della cooperazione colposa, viene affermata la sostanziale inutilità dell’istituto: proprio grazie alle numerose “note relazionali” presenti nella struttura del reato, la parametrazione della responsabilità del singolo può tenere conto dell’interazione con un altro soggetto anche nella forma monosoggettiva. Ancora più significativi i dubbi concernenti il concorso colposo in reato doloso. Da ultimo, viene sostenuta l’autonomia dell’imputazione ex art. 40, comma 2 c.p. rispetto alle figure concorsuali, dal momento che anch’essa esprime una responsabilità monosoggettiva, anche se in un contesto plurisoggettivo.
This thesis provides a critical analysis of the circumstances in which an agent, who performs a negligent act, is held criminally liable for damage which was however not directly caused by his or her negligent act, but rather was caused by the act of another (with the view of causing damage either to another or to itself). This form of criminal liability “in relation to the conduct of another”, far from being exceptional, is common in many cases of failure to control or failure to prevent the commission of criminal offences by others, particularly in the context of team-working, and even more so within complex organisations having large corporate structures. The thesis examines the structural problems with this form of criminal liability. It identifies “relational elements”, the elements which enable the creation of a link between the responsibility of the agent whose conduct was the furthest to the damage, and the conduct of those having directly caused the damage. These relational elements impact both the basis on which liability attaches to the negligent agent, and the extent to which this liability exists. This analysis will cover both elements of a criminal offence, that is both the actus reus and the mens rea, with the aim of evaluating whether the legal framework at its current state effectively deals with “relational elements” as grounds for attaching liability, or whether too many uncertainties subsist when making this link– in both theoretical and practical terms– which prevent the clear and effective allocation of criminal liability among the different agents involved. First of all, with regards to the actus reus, this paper addresses the issue of concurring and intervening causes which may break the chain of causality between the agent’s action and the consequence of the actus reus, reaffirming the “sine qua non” paradigm. Furthermore, the research assesses the relevance in this context of the influence which one agent’s behaviour can have on the decisions subsequently taken by others, (known as a “psychological cause” of an action). The paper also critically analyses different theories regarding the basis of guarantees, whereby the guarantor’s liability only exists in relation to the act of another. On this point, a comparative analysis has highlighted how German case law has developed in such a way as to allow guarantees to arise from a factual basis, as opposed to solely through contract or other legally binding instruments, thus running the risk of violating the rule of law. Secondly, with regard to the mens rea element of an offence, the research examines three different examples of “relational elements”, by which another’s conduct needs to be taken into consideration, therefore entering into the mens rea element: (i) precautionary rules which can require the agent to observe another subject’s behaviour and to act accordingly; (ii) the expectation that other subjects involved will act lawfully, which needs to be accurately evaluated in order not to leave any gaps in the prevention of crime; (iii) the complex issue of foreseeability and avoidability of the consequences of one’s conduct, becomes even more intricate with the interposition of another’s conduct. Lastly, the paper will focus on joint enterprise in negligence cases. Having first of all stressed the structural uncertainties and the limited prosecutorial use of the concept of joint enterprise in the context of negligence offences, the thesis argues that through the different “relational elements” present in an offence, each agent’s liability can be independently determined by taking into account the interactions with others. It is worth noting that in the case where the mens rea element of an offence requires intentional participation to another’s negligent behaviour, these uncertainties appear to be even greater. In conclusion, the paper will point out that the liability of guarantors is independent from their participation in the joint criminal enterprise, as this type of liability arises from the guarantee itself.

This chapter presents research on an Italian education project implemented with immigrant students attending C.P.I.A. courses in Bergamo (Centro Provinciale Istruzione Adulti – Provincial Adult Education Center). This contribution proposes an educational experience characterized by an interactive approach among different disciplines. The title of the project was Cinema as a resource for enhancing interdisciplinary teaching and learning by harnessing knowledge and skills from across different subject areas: from Italian language to geography and history, and from science and maths to the visual arts. Over the four years of the project, film was used in multiple ways as a tool/resource for teaching-learning focused on developing school inclusion. The overall aims of the project were to incorporate the cinema into the construction of an interdisciplinary teaching/learning path, while seeking to integrate theory and praxis within a collaborative professional development and research model. The project activities were designed in keeping with EU recommendations on core competences for ongoing learning. From 2006 to 2018, the European Parliament and Council approved a set of “Recommendations on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning,” that is to say, knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will help learners find personal fulfilment and, later in life, find work and take part in society. The project was also informed by recent Italian legislation encouraging the use of cinema in education, particularly Law 14 November 2016, No. 220, containing “Discipline of Cinema and Audiovisual” and the Law 13 July 2015, No. 107, the school reform framework “La BuonaScuola.”

During the last few years, some effort has been devoted to developping femtosecond dye lasers synchronously pumped by a mode-locked pumping source, e.g. frequency doubled YAG[1] or Argon[2]. The advantages of such a pumping scheme have been underlined and the possibilities of synchronous amplification[3] or of synchronisation of a tunable picosecond laser pumped in parallel[2] were particularly emphasized. The drawback of such systems is the critical sensitivy of the pulse characteristics to cavity length variations. We designed a femtosecond dye laser pumped by a frequency doubled continuously mode-locked YAG laser and we included all the previously know improvements. Furthermore, we actively stabilized the cavity length using a new scheme that will be presented.