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1
Chitrampalam, P., B. M. Wu, S. T. Koike, and K. V. Subbarao. "Interactions Between Coniothyrium minitans and Sclerotinia minor Affect Biocontrol Efficacy of C. minitans." Phytopathology® 101, no. 3 (March 2011): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-10-0170.
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Coniothyrium minitans, marketed as Contans, has become a standard management tool against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a variety of crops, including winter lettuce. However, it has been ineffective against lettuce drop caused by S. minor. The interactions between C. minitans and S minor were investigated to determine the most susceptible stage in culture to attack by C. minitans, and to determine its consistency on S minor isolates belonging to four major mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs). Four isolates of S. minor MCG 1 and 5 each from MCGs 2 and 3 and one from MCG 4 were treated in culture at purely mycelial, a few immature sclerotial, and fully mature sclerotial phases with a conidial suspension of C. minitans. Sclerotia from all treatments were harvested after 4 weeks, air dried, weighed, and plated on potato dextrose agar for recovery of C. minitans. S. minor formed the fewest sclerotia in plates that received C. minitans at the mycelial stage; C. minitans was recovered from nearly all sclerotia from this treatment and sclerotial mortality was total. However, the response of MCGs was inconsistent and variable. Field experiments to determine the efficacy of C. minitans relative to the registered fungicide, Endura, on lettuce drop incidence and soil inoculum dynamics were conducted from 2006 to 2009. All Contans treatments had significantly lower numbers of sclerotia than Endura and unsprayed control treatments, and drop incidence was as low as in Endura-treated plots (P > 0.05). Although the lower levels of lettuce drop in Contans treatments were correlated with significantly lower levels of sclerotia, the lower levels of lettuce drop, despite the presence of higher inoculum in the Endura treatment, was attributable to the prevention of infection by S. minor. A useful approach to sustained lettuce drop management is to employ Contans to lower the number of sclerotia in soil and to apply Endura to prevent S. minor infection within a cropping season.
2
Partridge, D. E., T. B. Sutton, D. L. Jordan, V. L. Curtis, and J. E. Bailey. "Management of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut with the Biological Control Agent Coniothyrium minitans." Plant Disease 90, no. 7 (July 2006): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0957.
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Sclerotinia blight, caused by Sclerotinia minor, is an important disease of peanut in North Carolina. The effectiveness of Coniothyrium minitans, a mycoparasite of sclerotia of Sclerotinia spp., was studied in a 5-year field experiment and in eight short-term experiments in northeastern North Carolina. The 5-year experiment was initiated in November 1999 to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated soil applications of C. minitans (commercial formulation, Contans WG) at 2 and 4 kg ha-1 in reducing Sclerotinia blight. In addition, individual commercial peanut fields were selected in 2001 and 2002 to evaluate a single application of C. minitans at 4 kg ha-1. No differences were found between the 2 and 4 kg ha-1 rates of C. minitans in reducing Sclerotinia blight. In 2002, there was less disease in plots receiving applications of C. minitans for either 1 or 3 years compared with the nontreated control; whereas, in 2003, C. minitans applications for 1, 2, or 3 years reduced disease and the number of sclerotia isolated from soil. A single application of C. minitans reduced sclerotia in only two of the eight short-term experiments. The integration of consecutive years of soil applications of C. minitans at 2 kg ha-1 with moderately resistant cultivars and fungicide applications may aid in the management of Sclerotinia blight in peanut.
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Budge, Simon P., and John M. Whipps. "Potential for Integrated Control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Glasshouse Lettuce Using Coniothyrium minitans and Reduced Fungicide Application." Phytopathology® 91, no. 2 (February 2001): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.2.221.
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All pesticides used in United Kingdom glasshouse lettuce production (six fungicides, four insecticides, and one herbicide) were evaluated for their effects on Coniothyrium minitans mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro agar plate tests. Only the fungicides had a significant effect with all three strains of C. minitans tested, being highly sensitive to iprodione (50% effective concentration [EC50] 7 to 18 μg a.i. ml-1), moderately sensitive to thiram (EC50 52 to 106 μg a.i. ml-1), but less sensitive to the remaining fungicides (EC50 over 200 μg a.i. ml-1). Subsequently, all pesticides were assessed for their effect on the ability of C. minitans applied as a solid substrate inoculum to infect sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soil tray tests. Despite weekly applications of pesticides at twice their recommended concentrations, C. minitans survived in the soil and infected sclerotia equally in all pesticide-treated and untreated control soil trays. This demonstrated the importance of assessing pesticide compatibility in environmentally relevant tests. Based on these results, solid substrate inoculum of a standard and an iprodione-tolerant strain of C. minitans were applied individually to S. sclerotiorum-infested soil in a glasshouse before planting lettuce crops. The effect of a single spray application of iprodione on disease control in the C. minitans treatments was assessed. Disease caused by S. sclerotiorum was significantly reduced by C. minitans and was enhanced by a single application of iprodione, regardless of whether the biocontrol agent was iprodione-tolerant. In a second experiment, disease control achieved by a combination of C. minitans and a single application of iprodione was shown to be equivalent to that of prophylactic sprays with iprodione every 2 weeks. The fungicide did not affect the ability of C. minitans to spread into plots where only the fungicide was applied and to infect sclerotia. These results indicate that integrated control of S. sclerotiorum with soil applications of C. minitans and reduced foliar iprodione applications was feasible, did not require a fungicide tolerant isolate, and that suppression of Sclerotinia disease by C. minitans under existing chemical control regimes has credence.
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Partridge, D. E., T. B. Sutton, and D. L. Jordan. "Effect of Environmental Factors and Pesticides on Mycoparasitism of Sclerotinia minor by Coniothyrium minitans." Plant Disease 90, no. 11 (November 2006): 1407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1407.
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The effects of soil temperature and moisture, and nine pesticides commonly used in peanut production, on the mycoparasitic activity of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor were evaluated. In vitro mycelial growth and conidia germination of C. minitans were sensitive to azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, fluazinam, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and diclosulam. C. minitans survived and infected sclerotia of S. minor in the presence of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, diclosulam, fluazinam, flumioxazin, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole. Mycoparasitic activity was reduced by all pesticides except S-metolachlor compared with the nontreated control. Optimum conditions for infection of sclerotia were temperatures from 14 to 22°C and soil moisture from -0.33 to -1 kPa × 102. Mycoparasitic activity of C. minitans remained high (98% sclerotia infected) at temperatures ranging from 14 to 22°C, but decreased at temperatures above 28°C. Viability of sclerotia was inversely related to the proportion infected by C. minitans (r = -0.9963, P = 0.001). Mycoparasitic activity also declined when soil moisture was greater than -1 kPa × 102 or less than -0.10 kPa × 102. These results indicate that C. minitans should not be applied when temperatures exceed 28°C, during extremes in soil moisture, or when there is a high risk of contact with pesticides before it becomes established in the soil.
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Jones, E. E., and A. Stewart. "Coniothyrium minitans survival in soil and ability to infect sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5977.
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Survival of the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans in soil when applied as spore suspension or colonised solid substrate (maizemealperlite) inocula and ability to infect Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia incorporated into the soil after different times was assessed over 6 months Unambiguous detection of the C minitans isolate from the indigenous C minitans soil population was achieved using a hygromycin B resistant transformant (T3) which was similar in behaviour to the wild type LU112 Coniothyrium minitans was recovered from soil by dilution plating at all assessment times with higher recovery from spore suspension compared with maizemealperlite amended soil Coniothyrium minitans was able to infect and reduce viability of sclerotia incorporated into the amended soil over the 6 month experiment with spore suspension significantly increasing infection compared with maizemealperlite inoculum Hygromycin B amendment of the agar significantly increased C minitans recovery from sclerotia especially when the population of secondary fungal colonisers was high
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McLean, K. L., M. Madsen, and A. Stewart. "The effect of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotial viability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Ciborinia camelliae." New Zealand Plant Protection 57 (August 1, 2004): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2004.57.6891.
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The effect of Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Ciborinia camelliae sclerotial viability was determined on three different substrates sand soil and sawdust using fully factorial repeat experiments (Trials 1 and 2) In Trial 1 C minitans significantly reduced the number of viable S sclerotiorum sclerotia in sand (48) and sawdust (0) but not in soil (60) compared with the untreated sclerotia (92 64 and 88 respectively) after 8 weeks Although C minitans had no effect on C camelliae sclerotial viability the sawdust only treatment reduced viability to 0 after 4 weeks In the repeat experiment (Trial 2) C minitans had no effect on S sclerotiorum or C camelliae sclerotial viability although C camelliae sclerotial viability was again significantly reduced in the sawdust control treatment (812) compared with the sand and soil control treatments (>84) Coniothyrium minitans has some potential for biocontrol of S sclerotiorum but not of C camelliae Sawdust may be an option for use as an under plant mulch for control of C camelliae
7
Gerlagh, M., H. M. Goossen-van de Geijn, N. J. Fokkema, and P. F. G. Vereijken. "Long-Term Biosanitation by Application of Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-Infected Crops." Phytopathology® 89, no. 2 (February 1999): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1999.89.2.141.
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The effect of the fungal mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans applied as a spray to crops infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (causal agent of white mold) on contamination of soil with S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was studied in a 5-year field experiment. Sclerotial survival also was monitored during two subsequent years, when the field was returned to commercial agriculture. In a randomized block design, factorial combinations of four crops and three treatments were repeated 10 times. Potato (Solanum tuberosum), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), carrot (Daucus carota), and chicory (Cichorium intybus), which are all susceptible to S. sclerotiorum, were grown in rotation. Plots were treated with C. minitans or Trichoderma spp. or were nontreated (control). Crops were rotated in each plot, but treatments were applied to the same plot every year. After 3 years during which it showed no effect on sclerotial survival, the Trichoderma spp. treatment was replaced by a single spray with C. minitans during the fourth and fifth years of the trial. The effect of treatments was monitored in subsequent seasons by counting apothecia as a measure of surviving S. sclerotiorum sclerotia and scoring disease incidence. Trichoderma spp. did not suppress S. sclerotiorum, but C. minitans infected at least 90% of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia on treated crops by the end of the each season. C. minitans lowered the number of apothecia compared with the other treatments during the second year after the bean crop. C. minitans reduced the number of apothecia by ≈90% when compared with the control and Trichoderma spp. treatments and reduced disease incidence in the bean crop by 50% during the fifth year of the trial, resulting in a slightly higher yield. In 1993, but not 1994, a single spray with C. minitans was nearly as effective at reducing apothecia as three sprays (monitored in 1995). The final population size of sclerotia in soil at the end of the 7-year period was lower in all C. minitans plots than at the beginning of the trial, even in plots where two highly susceptible bean crops were grown during the period. The results indicate that the mycoparasite C. minitans has the potential to keep contamination of soil with sclerotia low in crop rotations with a high number of crops susceptible to S. sclerotiorum.
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Huang, H. C., and E. G. Kokko. "Ultrastructure of hyperparasitism of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 2483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-337.
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Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hyphae of the hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans invade sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resulting in the destruction and disintegration of the sclerotium tissues. The dark-pigmented rind tissue is more resistant to invasion by the hyperparasite than the unpigmented cortical and medullary tissues. Evidence from cell wall etching at the penetration site suggests that chemical activity is required for hyphae of C. minitans to penetrate the thick, melanized rind walls. The medullary tissue infected by C. minitans shows signs of plasmolysis, aggregation, and vacuolization of cytoplasm and dissolution of the cell walls. While most of the hyphal cells of C. minitans in the infected sclerotium tissue are normal, some younger hyphal cells in the rind tissue were lysed and devoid of normal contents.
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Ridgway, H. J., and A. Stewart. "Molecular marker assisted detection of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans A69 in soil." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3661.
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Coniothyrium minitans A69 has been shown to have biological control activity against the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and a PCR based assay has been developed to specifically identify this isolate The practical application of this PCR assay for detection of C minitans from soil was assessed Sterile and nonsterile soil was inoculated with spores from C minitans A69 at five different concentrations and DNA recovered using a SDS/Phenol/Chloroform method A number of factors affected DNA recovery and subsequent PCR with a maximum sensitivity of down to 1x102 spores/g soil achieved in sterile soil Detection of C minitans in nonsterile soil was hampered by failure of the fungus to germinate However this method has improved throughput and cost effectiveness compared with conventional detection methods involving quantitative colony recovery
10
Li, Bo, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Guoqing Li, Mahammad Imran Hamid, and Xianhong Yi. "Cyclic GMP as a Second Messenger in the Nitric Oxide-Mediated Conidiation of the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 9 (March 5, 2010): 2830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02214-09.
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ABSTRACT Understanding signaling pathways that modulate conidiation of mitosporic fungi is of both practical and theoretical importance. The enzymatic origin of nitric oxide (NO) and its roles in conidiation by the sclerotial parasite Coniothyrium minitans were investigated. The activity of a nitric oxide synthase-like (NOS-like) enzyme was detected in C. minitans as evidenced by the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline. Guanylate cyclase (GC) activity was also detected indirectly in C. minitans with the GC-specific inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), which significantly reduced production of cyclic GMP (cGMP). The dynamics of NOS activity were closely mirrored by the cGMP levels during pycnidial development, with the highest levels of both occurring at the pycnidial initiation stage of C. minitans. Furthermore, the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), stimulated the accumulation of cGMP almost instantly in mycelium during the hyphal growth stage. When the activity of NOS or GC was inhibited with Nω-nitro-l-arginine or ODQ, conidial production of C. minitans was suppressed or completely eliminated; however, the suppression of conidiation by ODQ could be reversed by exogenous cGMP. The results also showed that conidiation of an l-arginine auxotroph could be restored by the NO donor SNP, but not by cGMP. Thus, NO-mediated conidiation has more than one signal pathway, including the cGMP signal pathway and another yet-unknown pathway, and both are essential for conidiation in C. minitans.
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Li, G. Q., H. C. Huang, and S. N. Acharya. "Sensitivity of Ulocladium atrum, Coniothyrium minitans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to benomyl and vinclozolin." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-077.
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Assays on mycelial growth and spore germination were carried out to determine the sensitivity of the biocontrol agents Ulocladium atrum and Coniothyrium minitans and the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to benomyl and vinclozolin. Ulocladium atrum was more tolerant to these fungicides than C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) of U. atrum based on the mycelial growth inhibition was 1467.3 µg active ingredient (a.i.)/mL for benomyl and 12.6 µg a.i./mL for vinclozolin, and the maximum inhibition concentration was higher than 4000 µg a.i./mL for both fungicides. For C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum, however, the EC50 based on mycelial growth inhibition was lower than 1 µg a.i./mL. After incubation for 24 h at 20°C, the germination rate of U. atrum conidia was 9099% on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with benomyl at 100500 µg a.i./mL or vinclozolin at 10500 µg a.i./mL. At these concentrations, germ tubes of U. atrum developed into long, branched hyphae in benomyl treatments, but they remained short and clustered in vinclozolin treatments. Pycnidiospores of C. minitans and ascospores of S. sclerotiorum germinated on PDA amended with benomyl at 100500 µg a.i./mL, but the germ tubes did not grow further. Spore germination of C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum was less than 3.2% on PDA amended with vinclozolin at 10500 µg a.i./mL after 24 h. This is the first report on the sensitivity of U. atrum and C. minitans to benomyl and vinclozolin. The results suggest that it is possible to control S. sclerotiorum using a combination of U. atrum and benomyl or vinclozolin.Key words: fungicides, mycelial growth, spore germination, integrated pest management.
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Wang, L., and P. Vincelli. "Coniothyrium minitans on Apothecia of Sclerotinia trifoliorum." Plant Disease 81, no. 6 (June 1997): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.6.695d.
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During a study of apothecial dynamics of Sclerotinia trifoliorum at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm at Lexington, an apothecium with small black patches on the surface of the hymenium was found. The affected apothecium was incubated in a moist chamber at room temperature. After 3 days, white, cottony mycelium was observed on the surface of the hymenium; pycnidia formed in the mycelium and around the stipe of the apothecium several days later. The apothecium eventually decayed and shrunk. Pycnidia measured 168 to 520 μm (mean 311 μm). Pycnidiospores were dark brown en masse; they were ovoid to ellipsoid, measuring 3.1 to 8.2 μm (mean 6.0 μm) in length and 3.1 to 4.1 μm (mean 3.7 μm) in width, and were faintly verrucose. Fresh sclerotia of S. trifoliorum were produced in vitro and then inoculated with pycnidiospores produced on potato dextrose agar. Inoculated sclerotia were incubated in a moist chamber at room temperature. After 7 to 10 days, inoculated sclerotia shriveled and decayed, pycnidia formed on their surfaces, and the same fungus was isolated. The fungus was identified as Coniothyrium minitans Campbell. Among 58 apothecia examined in the field on 1 November, three were apparently parasitized; pycnidia developed on one of these following a 3-day incubation. Weather conditions during the preceding 2 weeks had been generally humid with above-normal temperatures (daily mean air temperature range and interquartile range were 4.0 to 20.0 and 8.9 to 16.1°C, respectively), which may have favored activity of the mycoparasite. C. minitans was reported by Campbell (1) in California on sclerotia formed in cultures of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. It causes decay of sclerotia of several Sclerotinia spp., some Botrytis spp., and Sclerotium cepivorum in soil. Consequently, it may have considerable biological control potential. It has been recorded in 29 countries and on all continents except South America (2). The fungus previously has been isolated from only sclerotia or, in a few instances, directly from soil. This is the first report on C. minitans parasitic on apothecia collected from the field. References: (1) W. A. Campbell. Mycologia 39:190, 1947. (2) C. Sandys-Winsch et al. Mycol. Res. 97:1175, 1993.
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Moretini, Alex, and Itamar Soares de Melo. "Formulação do fungo Coniothyrium minitans para controle do mofo-branco causado por Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 2 (February 2007): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000200003.
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O fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, agente causal do mofo-branco, tem controle dificultado pela longevidade de seus escleródios no solo. Uma estratégia alternativa de controle é o uso do fungo antagonista Coniothyrium minitans, que parasita os escleródios de S. sclerotiorum e reduz a incidência da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma formulação com C. minitans capaz de controlar o mofo-branco. Para tanto, picnídios deste fungo foram encapsulados com diferentes polímeros (alginato de sódio e pectina cítrica), caulim e substratos naturais (farinha de trigo e celulose). Das combinações obtidas, a formulação que continha 0,5% de alginato, 1,5% de celulose e 5% de caulim apresentou os melhores resultados quanto à viabilidade do fungo e controle da doença. Os grânulos da formulação armazenados a 4ºC apresentaram 100% de viabilidade do fungo. Nos grânulos armazenados a 28ºC, o fungo perdeu capacidade de crescer após os primeiros dois meses. O fungo formulado foi capaz de esporular sobre os grânulos incubados em meio de cultura BDA e no solo, como também foi capaz de reduzir a incidência da doença.
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Rabeendran, N., E. E. Jones, D. J. Moot, and A. Stewart. "Evaluation of selected fungal isolates for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using cabbage pot bioassays." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4289.
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Nine fungal isolates were assayed for their ability to reduce mycelial infection of cabbage by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in three pot bioassays In all cases mycelial infection by S sclerotiorum was low However the mycelial inoculum converted into sclerotia which underwent carpogenic germination to produce apothecia In the first pot bioassay four fungal isolates (T hamatum LU594 LU593 and LU592 and T rossicum LU596) reduced the percentage of pots where apothecia were produced Both the number of apothecia produced per pot and the number of pots showing apothecial production were reduced by T hamatum LU593 in the second pot bioassay (by 86 and 76 respectively) In the third bioassay Coniothyrium minitans LU112 was found to completely inhibit apothecial production and T hamatum LU593 reduced both the number of pots with apothecia (by 48) and the total number of apothecia produced per pot (by 72) Both C minitans LU112 and T hamatum LU593 showed the greatest potential for controlling S sclerotiorum disease and these will be tested further in field trials
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Giczey, Gábor, Zoltán Kerényi, László Fülöp, and László Hornok. "Expression of cmg1, an Exo-β-1,3-Glucanase Gene from Coniothyrium minitans, Increases during Sclerotial Parasitism." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.2.865-871.2001.
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ABSTRACT During sclerotial infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorumthe mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans penetrates through the host cell wall, which contains β-1,3-glucan as its major component. A PCR-based strategy was used to clone a β-1,3-glucanase-encoding gene, designated cmg1, from a cDNA library of the fungus. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of this gene showed high levels of similarity to the sequences of other fungal exo-β-1,3-glucanase genes. The calculated molecular mass of the deduced protein (without the predicted 24-amino-acid N-terminal secretion signal peptide) was 83,346 Da, and the estimated pI was 4.73. Saccharomyces cerevisiaeINVSc1 expressing the cmg1 gene secreted a ∼100-kDa β-1,3-glucanase enzyme (as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) into the culture medium. N-terminal sequence analysis of the purified recombinant enzyme revealed that the secreted enzyme starts at Ala-32, seven amino acids downstream from the predicted signal peptidase cleavage site. The purified recombinant glucanase inhibited in vitro mycelial growth ofS. sclerotiorum by 35 and 85% at concentrations of 300 and 600 μg ml−1, respectively. A single copy of thecmg1 gene is present in the genome of C. minitans. Northern analyses indicated increases in the transcript levels of cmg1 due to both carbon starvation and the presence of ground sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum; only slight repression was observed in the presence of 2% glucose. Expression of cmg1 increased during parasitic interaction with S. sclerotiorum.
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Chitrampalam, P., P. J. Figuli, M. E. Matheron, K. V. Subbarao, and B. M. Pryor. "Biocontrol of Lettuce Drop Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor in Desert Agroecosystems." Plant Disease 92, no. 12 (December 2008): 1625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-12-1625.
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Field experiments were conducted over 2 years in Yuma County, AZ, and Imperial County, CA, to determine the efficacy of several biocontrol agents for the management of lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia spp. Commercial formulations of Trichoderma harzianum (Plantshield, Supersivit), Gliocladium virens (Soilgard), Coniothyrium minitans (Contans), and Bacillus subtilis (Companion) were evaluated and compared with the chemical fungicide iprodione (Rovral) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor. A single application of biocontrol products or of Rovral did not reduce lettuce drop caused by either Sclerotinia species. However, two applications of Contans, one at planting and one at post-thinning, significantly reduced the incidence of lettuce drop caused by S. sclerotiorum and increased yield but had no effect on S. minor at both locations in both years. Two applications of other biocontrol products did not significantly reduce disease incidence despite medium to high recovery following application. In contrast, Contans was only sporadically recovered following application. In vitro fungicide sensitivity evaluation revealed that both Trichoderma and Gliocladium species were tolerant to iprodione, dicloran (Botran), and vinclozolin (Ronilan) up to 1,000 ppm a.i., whereas both Sclerotinia spp. and C. minitans were sensitive to all three fungicides above 1 ppm. In summary, Contans was the most effective treatment for the control of lettuce drop caused by S. sclerotiorum, but no treatment was effective against S. minor in the desert lettuce production systems.
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Xu, Yuping, Yongchun Wang, Huizhang Zhao, Mingde Wu, Jing Zhang, Weidong Chen, Guoqing Li, and Long Yang. "Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the bZIP Transcription Factors in the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071045.
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The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins family is one of the largest and most diverse transcription factors, widely distributed in eukaryotes. However, no information is available regarding the bZIP gene family in Coniothyrium minitans, an important biocontrol agent of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this study, we identified 34 bZIP genes from the C. minitans genome, which were classified into 8 groups based on their phylogenetic relationships. Intron analysis showed that 28 CmbZIP genes harbored a variable number of introns, and 15 of them shared a feature that intron inserted into the bZIP domain. The intron position in bZIP domain was highly conserved, which was related to recognize the arginine (R) and could be treated as a genomic imprinting. Expression analysis of the CmbZIP genes in response to abiotic stresses indicated that they might play distinct roles in abiotic stress responses. Results showed that 22 CmbZIP genes were upregulated during the later stage of conidial development. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated that CmbZIP genes are involved in different stages of mycoparasitism. Among deletion mutants of four CmbZIPs (CmbZIP07, -09, -13, and -16), only ΔCmbZIP16 mutants significantly reduced its tolerance to the oxidative stress. The other mutants exhibited no significant effects on colony morphology, mycelial growth, conidiation, and mycoparasitism. Taken together, our results suggested that CmbZIP genes play important roles in the abiotic stress responses, conidial development, and mycoparasitism. These results provide comprehensive information of the CmbZIP gene family and lay the foundation for further research on the bZIP gene family regarding their biological functions and evolutionary history.
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Remlein-Starosta, Dorota, Joanna Krzymińska, Jolanta Kowalska, and Jan Bocianowski. "Evaluation of yeast-like fungi to protect Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0230.
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Virginia mallow is a plant from the central and eastern states of North America. A large amount of high quality biomass obtained from V. mallow led to interest in this plant for bioenergy purposes. Unfortunately, high incidence of white rot disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum destroyed plantations of this plant. In previous attempts, various control strategies were not successful and all treatments failed (including the use of Coniothurium minitans). The aim of the study was to find and evaluate yeast-like fungi for biocontrol of S. sclerotiorum, evaluate the optimal thermal condition for biocontrol efficacy, and describe possible modes of action of potential biocontrol organisms. In dual bioassay test with 19 strains of yeast-like fungi with S. sclerotiorum, antagonistic potential were obtained. At different temperatures variations in antagonistic activity of yeast-like fungi were observed. At all tested temperatures (i.e., 4, 12, and 23°C), positive results were obtained. Extracellular enzymes were produced by the majority of antagonistic yeast, such as: amylases (the most frequent), chitinases, proteases, pectinases and xylanases. In this research, reduction in white rot symptoms on V. mallow stems was significant (P < 0.05). The highest inhibition of disease was observed after treatment with strains (114/64) Candida albidus and (117/10) Pichia anomala.
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A. Abdul R asool, Dr Alaa, and Dr Hikmet Al – Dujali. "The Effect of some Variables on the Formulation of Captopril as Tablets Shaymaa Nazar Al – Sammarrai." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol14iss1pp52-64.
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Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) used to treat hypertension,congestive heart failure, and myocardial infraction.The only dosage form available for captopril is the plain tablet in strength of 12.5,25,50 and 100mgtablet.This investigation is concerned with factors affecting the formulation of captopril as a plaintablet dosage form of 50mg. Many trials were made to prepare satisfactory tablets for the drug byusing wet – granulation methods with various additives. It was found that poly vinyl pyrrolidone(P.V.P.) as binder gave the most satisfactory tablets. At the same time a shorter disintegrantion timeand slower dissolution rate were obtained with the addition of starch intragranular.While the distintegration time and dissolution rate were faster for explotab when it was usedintragranular in comparison with starch.A comparative study on the physical properties of the prepared tablets with Capoten®(Squibb), Miniten® (APM), and Capocard® (DAD) tablets, showed that the release of drug from theselected formula was similar to that obtained from Miniten® at 0.1N HCl and 37C.The stability of the prepared tablet was also studied at 50C, 60C, and 70C for 4 months andthe calculated shelf – life was about 3.5years at 25C.
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Du, Xiao Chao, Wen Wen Zhao, Ya Wei Liu, Xiang Ping Huang, and Feng Mao. "The Preparation of BiOCl Microspheres and its Photocatalytic Performance." Advanced Materials Research 487 (March 2012): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.487.841.
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The BiOCl microspheres photocatalyst was obtained by a one-step alcohol-heating method. The reactants were Bi(NO3)3•5H2O、TiCl3 and absolute ethanol, and the sample was synthesized at 100°C and calcined at 600°C. It then characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-vis DRS. The results showed that the sample was microspheres, having excellent photocatalytic activity that the sample could degradate more than 94% of RhB in 65 minites which is better than P25 under UV irradiation.
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Tash, Mahmoud M., Khaled A. Abuhasel, and Saleh A. Alkahtani. "Correlation between Alloying Elements and Aging Parameters and Hardness and Machinability of Aluminum-Silicon Alloys Using Minitab Software." Advanced Materials Research 1101 (April 2015): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1101.217.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of alloying additions and aging parameters (time and temperature) on the hardness and machinability of Al-Si alloys. Hardness, drilling force and moment and number of holes drilled/tool measurements were carried out on specimens prepared from grain refined, Sr modified and heat treated Al-Si alloys. Aging treatments were carried out for the as solution treated (SHT) specimens (after quenching in warm water). The specimens were aged at different conditions; artificial aging was carried out at 180˚C, 200 ˚C and 220˚C for 2 and 5 h. Hardness, drilling force and moment and number of holes drilled/tool as a function of different metallurgical parameters (i.e. %Si content, %Mg content, heat treatment parameters (time and temperature), Cu-intermetallics surface fraction and Fe-intermetallic surface fractions) are analyzed to acquire an understanding of the effects of these variables and their interactions on the hardness and machinability of heat treated Al-Si alloys.
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Qasim, M., and D. Hussian. "Efficacy of Insecticides Against Citrus Psylla (Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama) in Field and Laboratory Conditions." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0033.
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Abstract The experiments were conducted in a citrus orchard to check the efficacy of insecticides against citrus psylla, and mortality was observed after three days, seven days and then after one month. Four insecticides, Polytrin-C, Talstar, Bifenthrin and Imidacloprid applied, had an almost equal effect on the population reduction of citrus psylla on all citrus plants. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) having five treatments with three replications in a citrus orchard, after three days of spray showed percentage control as 96.91%, 94.33%, 93.83% and 93.06% of following insecticides Polytrin- C, Imidacloprid, Bifenthrin and Actara, respectively, calculated by Minitab 15. Psylla adults were exposed to different concentrations (500, 400, 300, 200 and 100 ppm) of Imidacloprid and Bifenthrin, and two controlled conditions (with leaves and without leaves). Both Imidacloprid and Bifenthrin insecticides proved to be the most effective against D. citri with lethal times (LT50s) of 4 and 5 hours, respectively, at a concentration of 500 ppm, calculated from probability test with Minitab-15
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Tash, Mahmoud M., and S. Alkahtani. "Experimental Correlation for the Effect of Metallurgical Parameters on the Hardness of 356 and 319 Aluminum Alloys Using Minitab Software." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.15.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of metallurgical parameters on the hardness and microstructural characterisations of as-cast and heat-treated 356 and 319 alloys, with the aim of adjusting these parameters to produce castings of suitable hardness and Fe-intermetallic volume fractions for subsequent use in studies relating to the machinability of these alloys. Hardness measurements were carried out on specimens prepared from 356 and 319 alloys in the as-cast and heat-treated conditions, using different combinations of grain refining, Sr-modification, and alloying additions. Aging treatments were carried out at 155 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C for 4 h, followed by air cooling, as well as at 180 °C and 220 °C for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. Peak hardness was observed in 356 alloys when aging was carried out at 180oC/4h. In the case of unmodified or modified 356 alloys containing mostly α-Fe intermetallics, aging at 180 °C up to 8h produced a sharp rise in hardness during the first two hours of aging, followed by a broad peak or plateau over the 2-8 h aging period. Aging at 220 °C revealed a hardness peak at 2h aging time for both 356 and 319 alloys. Addition of Mg to unmodified or modified 319 alloys produced a remarkable increase in hardness at all aging temperatures. This may be explained on the basis of the combined effect of Cu-and Mg-intermetallics in the 319 alloys, where hardening during aging occurs by the cooperative precipitation of Al2Cu and Mg2Si phase particles.[, ] For 356 and 384 alloys, the Mg-containing 319 alloys (~same Mg concentration as in 356 alloys) displayed higher hardness values than the 356 alloys for the aged condition, where hardening occurs by cooperative precipitation of Al2Cu and Mg2Si phase particles in 319 alloys compared to only Mg2Si precipitation in the case of 356 alloys.
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Poovazhgan, Lakshmanan. "Turning Experiments on Al/B4C Metal Matrix Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.16.
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In recent years, aluminum alloys reinforced with nanosized ceramic particulates are finding wider applications in various engineering industries like automobile, aircraft, electronics and sports. The requirement of accurate machining of nanocomposite has also gets increased. In this research work, aluminum alloy 6061 reinforced with 1.5 Wt. % of nanoB4C particulate was fabricated in cylindrical shape using ultrasonication assisted casting process. Medium duty lathe with poly crystalline diamond insert tool of 1600 grade was used to turn the Al/B4C nanocomposites. During turning of Al/B4C nanocomposites, cutting parameters like depth of cut, speed and feed were varied as per predefined level. Surface roughness of machined surface and power consumption during machining were measured using surface roughness tester and wattmeter respectively. ANOVA analysis was carried out and the optimum parameters for machining the nanocomposite were found out using MINITAB software. The nanocomposite machined with optimum parameters show good surface finish and consumed minimum power.
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Katrenipadu, Srinivasa Prasad, and Swami Naidu Gurugubelli. "Regression Modeling and Experimental Investigations on Ageing Behavior of Nano-Fly Ash Reinforced Al-10wt%Mg Alloy Matrix Composites." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 6, no. 2 (July 2018): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2018070103.
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Nano-fly ash particles reinforced Al-10wt%Mg alloy matrix composites produced by stir-casting method were tested for their ageing response. Ageing studies were performed at 160 °C, 200 °C and 240 °C temperatures and a maximum peak hardness of 142 VHN was observed during ageing at 200 °C for the composite with 10 wt% nano fly ash reinforcement. This is due to rapid nucleation and growth of βI particles at this temperature. Experiments were designed for different compositions and different ageing temperatures on the basis of the Design of Experiments technique. The factorial design is considered to improve the reliability of results and to reduce the size of experimentation without loss of accuracy. A model to predict the ageing behaviour of the composites was developed with the terms of 5, 10 and 15% weight fraction of fly ash at 160 °C, 200 °C and 240 °C ageing temperatures. The developed regression model was validated by statistical software MINITAB-R17.1.0. It was found that the developed regression model could be effectively used to predict the ageing behavior at 95% confidence level.
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Goyer, Claudia, and Matthias S. Ullrich. "Identification of low-temperature-regulated genes in the fire blight pathogenErwinia amylovora." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-153.
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Genes involved in pathogenicity of several plant pathogens were shown to be induced at relatively cold temperatures. Loci from the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) induced at 18 °C were identified using the miniTn5 transposon that contains the promoterless reporter gene gusA coding for β-glucuronidase (GUS). Certain mutants (2.7%) expressed GUS predominantly at 18 °C on minimal medium plates, indicating that the transposon had been inserted downstream of a putatively thermoregulated promoter. Those mutants were further screened with a quantitative GUS fluorometric assay. A total of 21 mutants were selected: 19 mutants had a transposon insertion in temperature-dependent genetic loci, with a 2.2- to 6.3-fold induction of gusA gene expression at 18 °C, and two mutants with impaired growth at 18 °C. Some of these genetic loci encoded (i) proteins implicated in flagella biosynthesis, biotin biosynthesis, multi-drug efflux, and type II secretion protein, and (ii) proteins of unknown function.Key words: fire blight, Erwinia amylovora, transposon mutagenesis, gene regulation, low temperature.
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Kasim, Shah Rizal, Nor Firdaus Muhamad, and Sivakumar Ramakrishan. "Effect of Sintering Temperature on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) Biocomposite." Advanced Materials Research 1087 (February 2015): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1087.475.
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The present report aims to fabricate biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) biocomposite in order to study the effects of sintering temperature on the sintered BCP biocomposite characteristics (phase’s formation, porosity and hardness properties). These effects were quantified using design of experiment (DOE) to develop mathematical models. BCP biocomposite pellets (60 wt% HA) were fabricated using mixing, pressing and sintered at two different temperatures (1100°C and 1250°C). The experiment was run by following the run order suggested by DOE software (Minitab 16) through randomization stage. Results show that sintering temperature will affect the formation of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and the porosity of the samples. The formation of α-TCP phases will reduce the hardness value of BCP biocomposite.
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Suharso, Suharso. "GROWTH RATE DISTRIBUTION OF BORAX SINGLE CRYSTALS ON THE (001) FACE UNDER VARIOUS FLOW RATES." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (June 13, 2010): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21766.
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The growth rates of borax single crystals from aqueous solutions at various flow rates in the (001) direction were measured using in situ cell method. From the growth rate data obtained, the growth rate distribution of borax crystals was investigated using Minitab Software and SPSS Software at relative supersaturation of 0807 and temperature of 25 °C. The result shows that normal, gamma, and log-normal distribution give a reasonably good fit to GRD. However, there is no correlation between growth rate distribution and flow rate of solution. Keywords: growth rate dispersion (GRD), borax, flow rate
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Petersen, Rodney W., Sepehr N. Tabrizi, Suzanne Garland, and Julie A. Quinlivan. "Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in a public colposcopy clinic population." Sexual Health 4, no. 2 (2007): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06050.
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Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a major public health issue, with notifications of this sexually transmitted disease continuing to rise in Australia. Women attending colposcopy clinics are referred for treatment of cervical abnormalities often associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. There is evidence that women who have acquired one sexually transmitted infection, such as HPV, are at higher risk of acquiring another. Women attending colposcopy clinics may therefore be at risk of undiagnosed infection with C. trachomatis. Aim: To determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis in women attending a public metropolitan colposcopy clinic in Victoria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Consecutive women attending the colposcopy clinic completed a questionnaire and had a swab collected from the endocervix for analysis by polymerase chain reaction for C. trachomatis. Positive screens were treated in accordance with best practice. Data were analysed with Minitab Version 2004 (Minitab Inc, State College, PA, USA). Results: Of 581 women approached to participate in the trial, consent was obtained from 568 women (98%) and final outcome data was available on 560 women (99%). The overall rate of chlamydial infection was 2.1% (95% CI 1.5–2.7%). However, in women aged 25 years or less the rate was 5.8% (95% CI 3.8–7.8%) and in women over 25 years it was only 0.9% (95% CI 0.4–1.4%). Apart from age, no other demographic factor was significantly associated with chlamydial infection. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of chlamydial infection in the colposcopy clinic population as a whole does not warrant a policy for routine screening, screening directed at women aged 25 years or less would gain the greatest yields in terms of cost efficacy. Such a policy should be implemented as standard practice.
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Santos Beltrán, Audel, Verónica Gallegos Orozco, Miriam Santos Beltrán, Cynthia Gómez Esparza, Iza Ronquillo Ornelas, Carmen Gallegos Orozco, Luz E. Ledezma Beng, and Roberto Martínez Sánchez. "Statistical and Microstructural Analyses of Al–C–Cu Composites Synthesized Using the State Solid Route." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081969.
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Aluminum powder with different C and C–Cu mixtures powders were fabricated by powder metallurgy, using high-energy mechanical milling as a pre-treatment of powders. To evaluate the combined effect of the C–Cu mixture and the process conditions, such as sintering temperature/time and milling time, on the yield stress and hardness, two experimental designs were carried out. The results were analyzed with Minitab Statistical Software using contour plots. From the results, better mechanical properties were found at a Cu/C ratio of 0.33 and samples with high C content (3 wt. %). In samples subject to long sintering time (3 h), the mechanism of precipitation of the second phase was mainly present, resulting in an improvement in mechanical properties. From the difference found between the elastic limit and the microhardness tests, it was found that there was an inefficient sintering process affecting the elastic limit test results. Additionally, X-ray analyses using the Rietveld program, were used for microstructural characterization and mechanical parameters of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength.
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Uchechukwu, Elinwa, Augustine, Mohammed, Abdulrahaman Shehu, and Mohammed, Ahmed Bafeto. "Effects of the Addition of Sawdust Ash and Iron Ore Tailings on the Characteristics of Clay Soil." Journal of Building Material Science 3, no. 2 (October 8, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jbms.v3i2.3732.
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An evaluation of the effects of additives and firing temperatures on clay bricks characteristics was studied. The two (2) additives used were sawdust ash (SDA) and iron ore tailing wastes (IOTW), and the five (5) firing temperatures of 400o C to 1200o C at intervals of 200o C were applied. The fired bricks were tested for linear shrinkage, water absorption, density, and compressive strength. The results of the investigations showed that firing temperature improved the clay brick characteristics across all replacement levels. However, the SDA additions increased the linear shrinkage and the water absorption but decreased the density and compressive strength. On the other hand, the addition of IOTW to the clay-SDA mixture, reduced both the linear shrinkage and water absorption of the clay bricks, and increased the density and compressive strength. The statistical values and the regression models derived on the experimental data using Minitab 18 Software were significant.
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Vannelli, Todd, Alex Studer, Michael Kertesz, and Thomas Leisinger. "Chloromethane Metabolism byMethylobacterium sp. Strain CM4." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 1933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.5.1933-1936.1998.
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ABSTRACT Methylobacterium sp. strain CM4 metabolized chloromethane quantitatively with a molar yield of 2.8 g of whole-cell protein/mol of C. This value was similar to that observed after growth with methanol (2.9 g of protein/mol of C) and about three times larger than the yield with formate (0.94 g of protein/mol of C). Chloromethane dehalogenation activity was inducible. MiniTn5 transposon insertion mutants with altered growth characteristics with chloromethane and other C1 compounds were isolated and characterized. Nine of these were unable to grow with chloromethane but were able to grow with methanol, methylamine, or formate. Seventy-three transposon mutants that were defective in the utilization of either methanol, methylamine, methanol plus methylamine, or formate could still grow with chloromethane. Based on the protein yield data and the properties of the transposon mutants, we propose a pathway for chloromethane metabolism that depends on methyltransferase and dehydrogenase activities.
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Moyano Alulema, Julio, Carlos Santillán Mariño, José Sánchez Acevedo, Mery Rea Tixilema, and Ángel Guamán Lozano. "Diseño factorial mixto para control de temperaturas en las inyectoras del proceso productivo de calzado." ECA Sinergia 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/eca_sinergia.v9i1.938.
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Las empresas manufactureras de cualquier tipo buscan nuevas formas de optimización de sus procesos, con la aplicación de nuevos métodos de trabajo en el caso de la producción de calzado es controlar la variabilidad de temperaturas de las diferentes zonas de las inyectoras, así la máquina INY2 contiene temperaturas como Z1(155-175°C), Z2(180-200°C), Z3(190-210°C) y Z4(115-125°C), la máquina INY1 con temperaturas de Z1(155-175°C), Z2(190-200°C), Z3(195-205°C) y Z4(110-130°C) las que al no estar controladas provocan imperfecciones en el calzado; para solucionar este problema se utiliza el diseño factorial con Minitab, obteniendo resultados que van a controlar el sistema de una manera eficiente, las temperaturas óptimas para el proceso son las siguientes: para la máquina INY2 de Z1(165°C), Z2(190°C), Z3(200°C) y Z4(120°C) y la máquina INY1 de Z1(165°C), Z2(195°C), Z3(200°C) y Z4(120°C). De igual forma se realiza el análisis del control de fallas, calculando inicialmente en INY2 e INY1 en las zonas 1, 2, 3,4 con un valor menor a 1,33 siendo inadecuada, por lo que al realizar el diseño de experimentos se procede al control respectivo.
Palabras clave: variabilidad, Diseño Factorial, Diseño de experimentos, Temperatura, Proceso
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Nandi, Rajesh, Chayan Kumer Saha, Shiplu Sarker, Md Sanaul Huda, and Md Monjurul Alam. "Optimization of Reactor Temperature for Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Manure: Bangladesh Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 8772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218772.
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Converting organic waste into energy through anaerobic digestion is gaining popularity day by day. The reactor temperature is considered as one of the most vital factors for the digestion process. An experiment was conducted in the Biogas Laboratory of Green Energy Knowledge Hub at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) to examine the influence of temperature on anaerobic digestion of cow-dung. Laboratory-scale continuous stirred tank reactors with a working volume of 15 L were operated for a 30-day retention time. The reactors were set at 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C and 45 °C, respectively to determine the effect of temperature on anaerobic digestion performance. Different parameters like total solids, volatile solids, pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, biogas production rate and methane concentration were examined. Among all the reactors, the reactor at 40 °C temperature produced maximum biogas (312.43 L/kg VS) and methane yields (209.70 L/kg VS), followed by the reactors at 35 °C and 30 °C, respectively. Statistical analysis of the obtained experimental results using Minitab® showed that the optimum process performance in terms of methane yield and volatile solid degradation is achieved at a reactor temperature of 35.82 °C.
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Iskandar, Taufik, and Ayu Chandra Kartika Fitri. "Thermal Energy Conversion in Making Biochar from Jengkok Tobacco Waste Using Pyrolysis Extrusion Model." Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i2.341.
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Proses pirolisis mempunyai banyak model dengan karakteristik dan spesifikasi yang berbeda. Masing-masing model memberikan nilai konversi yang berbeda pada penggunaan temperatur, waktu dan bahan baku yang digunakan. Limbah Jengkok Tembakau yang berbahaya karena kandungan Arsen (As) akan dimanfaatkan menjadi produk biochar yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis dan strategis melalui proses pirolisis model extrusion. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan konversi thermal (% Yield) proses pirolisis bahan limbah jengkok tembakau menjadi biochar terhadap temperatur dan waktu proses yang optimal. Variabel yang ditentukan terdiri dari temperatur proses (400, 450, 500, 550, dan 600°C) dan waktu proses (30, 35, dan 40 menit). Produk hasil proses akan dilakukan analisa statistik menggunakan uji korelasi rank spearman dan dilanjut dengan minitab untuk menghasilkan nilai optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai konversi thermal pada proses pembuatan biochar dengan bahan baku limbah jengkok tembakau adalah sebesar 29,476% (»30%) pada temperatur proses 500°C dan waktu proses 30 menit.The pyrolysis process has many models with different characteristics and specifications. Each model provides a different conversion value depending on the temperature value, length of time, and the number of raw materials used. Jengkok Tobacco waste was dangerous because it contains Arsenic (As), and was used as a biochar product with economic and strategic value through the extrusion model pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study was to determine the thermal conversion value (yield percentage) of the pyrolysis process of tobacco waste material into biochar at the optimal temperature and processing time. The specified variables consist of process temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550, and 600°C) and processing times (30, 35, and 40 minutes). The product of the process will be analyzed statistically using the Spearman rank correlation test and followed by Minitab to produce the optimal value. The results showed that the thermal conversion value in making biochar was 29.476% (»30%) at a process temperature of 500°C and a processing time of 30 minutes.
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Kholiviana, Prisma Ayu, Yayat Ruhiat, and Asep Saefullah. "ANALISIS VERTICAL WIND SHEAR PADA PERTUMBUHAN AWAN CUMULONIMBUS DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN TANGERANG." Newton-Maxwell Journal of Physics 3, no. 1 (May 17, 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/nmj.v3i1.21080.
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Awan cumulonimbus merupakan jenis awan berbahaya yang dapat menimbulkan cuaca ekstrim seperti hujan deras, kilat dan guruh. Jenis angin yang dapat mempengaruhi adanya awan cumulonimbus adalah Vertical wind shear, dengan adanya angin ini dapat menentukan jenis badai yang terjadi. Apakah termasuk kedalam badai dengan intensitas yang hebat atau tidak. Karena semakin besar Vertical wind shear akan semakin besar juga intensitas badai yang terjadi akibat adanya awan cumulonimbus. Untuk mengetahui keterkaitan Vertical wind shear pada pertumbuhan awan cumulonimbus maka diadakannya penelitian ini menggunakan metode data cuaca permukaan dan menggunakan metode data cuaca permukaan ini kemudian diolah menggunakan Minitab dan Wind Rose. Setelah di analisis dan diolah menggunakan beberapa software dan perhitungan menggunakan dry adiabatic lapse rate dapat ditemukan terjadinya Awan cumulonimbus yang disertai intensitas curah hujan klasifikasi sedang terdapat pada tanggal 24 Februari 2020 dengan arah angin terbanyak dari sebelah barat yang secara topografi wilayah Kabupaten Tangerang berbatasan langsung dengan Kabupaten Serang dan Lebak, Banten. Hasil pengujian menggunakan software minitab dan juga windrose yang memanfaatkan data cuaca permukaan di Stasiun Meteorologi Budiarto Curug, terbentuknya awan cumulonimbus hingga terjadi hujan memiliki variasi arah angin yang berubah-ubah dari sudut 45? sampai dengan 124? menandakan adanya arah angin yang berubah-ubah dan menimbulkan terjadinya awan cumulonimbus. Suhu yang terukur pada bola kering atau disebut dengan suhu saat ini menunjukkan nilai 21,9? C sampai dengan 30,8? C mengalami penurunan suhu akibat terjadi hujan. Hujan yang terjadi akibat adanya awan cumulonimbus berlangsung selama 2 jam, dengan intensitas curah hujan sebesar 118,6 mm dan dikategorikan sebagai hujan sedang.
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Satish, K., V. R. Srinivasan, and C. P. S. Prakash. "Optimization Of Machining Parameters In Machining Nimonic C-263 By WEDM Process." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 70, no. 3A (July 12, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2022/30667.
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<p>This paper discusses an experimental work carried out to optimize the machining parameters in machining Nimonic C263 by WEDM. Nimonic 263 is used as the workpiece material. Machining is performed with CNC wire cut electric discharge machine. Deionized water is used as dielectric fluid and molybdenum wire of diameter 0.18mm is used as the wire electrode material. Input parameters considered in this project work are pulse ON time (tonne), pulse OFF time (Toff), peak current (Ip) and voltage (V). Cycle time is considered as the output parameter. Robust design study is carried out to perform design of experiments from identifying the main factors, their levels and noise factors to predict the performance under these levels. 27 machined pieces are performed based on different set of levels for different factors. DK 7735 machine is used to perform machining process. After calculating the time, results are fed into the MINITAB 17 software to obtain optimized combination of levels of different factors from Taguchi’s analysis and signal to noise ratio response table. ANOVA table is used to calculate the influence of each input parameters on output results. To validate the simulation, the predicted results are compared to experimental results. Optimum combinations of levels are substituted in the mathematical equation in order to obtain the predicted result.</p>
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Wutisatwongkul, Jantharat, Nandh Thavarungkul, Jirawan Tiansuwan, and Preecha Termsuksawad. "Influence of Soda Pulping Variables on Properties of Pineapple (Ananas comosusMerr.) Leaf Pulp and Paper Studied by Face-Centered Composite Experimental Design." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8915362.
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Face-centered composite design (FCC) was used to study the effect of pulping variables: soda concentration (4-5 wt%), temperature (90–130°C), and pulping time (20–60 min) on the properties of pineapple leaf pulp and paper employing soda pulping. Studied pulp responses were screened yield and lignin content (kappa number). Paper properties, which include tensile index, burst index, and tear index, were also investigated. Effects of the pulping variables on the properties were statistically analyzed using Minitab 16. The optimum conditions to obtain the maximum tensile index were soda concentration of 4 wt%, pulping temperature of 105°C, and pulping time of 20 min. The predicted optimum conditions provided tensile index, burst index, tear index, screened yield, and kappa number of 44.13 kN·m/kg, 1.76 kPa·m2, 1.68 N·m2/kg, 21.29 wt%, and 28.12, respectively, and were experimentally confirmed.
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Tan, Wen Sheng, Jian Zhong Zhou, Shu Huang, and Yu Jie Fan. "Experimental Study on Laser Plasticizing Polyamide 12." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 2514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.2514.
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Considering the efficiency and microscale requirement of melting polymer in micro-injection process, we present an experimental analysis of the CO2 laser irradiating Polyamide 12 (PA12) based on the photo-thermal effect of laser-materials interaction. The orthogonal experiments of laser plasticizing were designed by Taguchi method of Minitab software, the influence of process parameters on PA12 plasticization was investigated, and the effect sequence rule of the experiment parameters to melting depth was analyzed. Accordingly，the optimal process parameters combination on PA12 plasticization were obtained，i.e. laser power 3 W, beam diameter 2 mm, scanning velocity 200 mm/min, scanning distance 0.5 mm and environment temperature 20°C.
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Momina, Mohd Rafatullah, Suzylawati Ismail, and Anees Ahmad. "Optimization Study for the Desorption of Methylene Blue Dye from Clay Based Adsorbent Coating." Water 11, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061304.
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Batch desorption experiments of methylene blue (MB) dye from a clay adsorbent coating were carried out to evaluate the maximum desorption conditions. Combination of thermal and chemical regeneration techniques were used for the desorption process. The desorption of MB was found to be 70% using an HCl solvent after heating adsorbent coating at 160 °C. The optimization study was carried out to identity the optimum desorption conditions using MINITAB 14 software. The individual and interaction effects of three factors, temperature, dye concentration and contact time for desorption of dye were determine by applying response surface methodology (RSM). The optimization results showed that all three factors have main effects whereas the interaction of concentration–time is significant as compared to other interactions. The findings exhibit a maximum desorption efficiency 23 mg/g at 60 °C for 100 mg/L of dye and 150 min of contact time.
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Math, M. C., and K. N. Chandrashekhara. "Optimization of Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of Safflower Oil for Production of Biodiesel." Journal of Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8928673.
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The Central Composite Design is used for the optimization of alkaline catalyzed transesterification parameters such as methanol quantity, catalytic concentration, and rotational speed by keeping the temperature and reaction time constant. The Central Composite Design method is employed to get the maximum safflower oil methyl ester yield. The combined effects of catalyst concentration, rotational speed, and molar ratio of alcohol to oil were investigated and optimized using response surface methodology. A statistical model has predicted the maximum yield of safflower oil methyl ester (94.69% volume of oil) parameters such as catalyst concentration (0.6 grams), methanol amount (30 mL), rotational speed (600 rpm), and keeping constant reaction temperature (55°C to 65°C) and reaction time (60 minutes). Experimental maximum yield of 91.66% was obtained at above parameters. XLSTAT is used to generate a linear model to predict the methyl ester yield as a function of methanol quantity, catalyst concentration, and rotational speed by keeping constant reaction temperature (55°C to 65°C) and reaction time (60 minutes). MINITAB is used to draw the 3D response surface plot and 2D contour plot to predict the maximum biodiesel yield.
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Hastarina, Merisha, Budi Santosa, and Muhammad Riko Adiyatma. "Uji Eksperimental Pada Mesin Peleleh Plastik Menggunakan Metode Percobaan Faktorial." Integrasi : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri 6, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/js.v6i2.3990.
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Penggunaan plastik yang terus meningkat berbanding lurus dengan jumlah limbah plastik yang dihasilkan. Salah satu alternatif yang dilakukan adalah dengan me-recycle limbah plastik dengan proses pelelehan biji plastik atau plastik yang telah dicacah. Pada mesin peleleh plastik skala laboratorium, proses pelelehan yang terjadi akan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan Faktorial. Tujuan dari percobaan faktorial adalah untuk melihat interaksi antara faktor yang di uji. Adakalanya kedua faktor saling sinergi terhadap respon (positif). Namun adakalanya juga keberadaan suatu faktor justru menghambat kinerja faktor lain (negatif). Pada penelitian ini faktor pertama adalah bahan yaitu jenis plastik yang digunakan (PP, PET, dan HDPE). Faktor kedua adalah temperatur yaitu 300? C, 350? C, 400? C dan faktor ke tiga adalah waktu yang terdiri dari 25, 30 dan 35 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan secara manual dan dibandingkan juga dengan hasil dari perhitungan minitab, didapatkan bahwa faktor utama bahan, temperatur dan waktu berpengaruh nyata tetapi interaksi antara 3 faktor tersebut berpengaruh tidak nyata.
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Putri, Dianti Mayadika, Sulistijorini Sulistijorini, and Nina Ratna Djuita. "Autecology of <i>Castanopsis argentea</i> (Blume) A.DC. in Telaga Warna Nature Reserve Area, Bogor Regency." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 69903. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.69903.
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The red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) reported Castanopsis argentea as an endangered species. Studies about autecology on its natural habitat become important to perform species conservation. This study aimed to analyze the population structure, distribution pattern, and environmental factors that influence the presence of C. argentea in the Telaga Warna Nature Reserve. Data was collected in September 2020 by making 21 plots with a single plot. The purposive sampling method was used based on C. argentea representatives to determine plot location. Measurement of environmental factors, including soil sampling was carried out on each plot. Population structure was analyzed based on plant density, and Morisita index determined the distribution pattern. Environmental data were analyzed using PCA with Minitab 19 programs. Our field observation showed that C. argentea seedling has the highest density (1071 ind/ha) and decreased in the mature phase. C. argentea was found to have a clumped distribution pattern with an Id value of 1.03. PCA analysis showed differences in environmental factors that were thought to influence the presence of C. argentea individuals in four growth phases. The highest population structure of C. argentea was found in the growth phase of seedlings and saplings at an altitude of 1400 m asl. The spread population distribution of C. argentea was clumped. The influences of environmental variables on the existence of C. argentea were Mg, Ca, CEC, pH, and soil moisture.
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Periasamy, Srinivasan Manikandan, and Rajoo Baskar. "Assessment of the Influence of Graphene Nanoparticles on Thermal Conductivity of Graphene/Water Nanofluids Using Factorial Design of Experiments." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 62, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.11676.
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In this study, 23 factorial design of experiment was employed to evaluate the effect of parameters of hot fluid inlet temperature, graphene nanofluid concentration and hot fluid flow rate on thermal conductivity of graphene/water nanofluid. The levels of hot fluid inlet temperature are kept at 35°C and 85°C, nanofluid concentration is kept at 0.1 and 1.0 volume% (vol.%) and the hot fluid flow rate are kept at 2 lpm and 10 lpm. Experiments were conducted with 16 runs as per MINITAB design software using graphene/water nanofluids in the corrugated plate type heat exchanger. The nanofluid thermal conductivity was determined using the mixing rule for different nanofluid concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0%. Normal, Pareto, Residual, Main and Interaction effects, Contour Plots were drawn. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of test results depict that the hot fluid temperature and nanofluid concentration have significant effect on the thermal conductivity of graphene/water nanofluid (response variable).
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Abubakar, M., and Norhayati Ahmad. "Comparison of Three-Parameter Weibull Statistical Analysis of the Flexural Strength of Dense and Porous Sintered Clay." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.8.
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Reliability analysis of dense and porous sintered clay-based ceramic was compared using three-parameter Weibull model. The raw and the sintered clay at temperatures 900-1300°C were characterized using XRF and XRD. The raw clay (dense) and clay mixed with cassava starch (porous) were compacted and sintered at 1300°C. Flexural strength of the dense (24.11-46.56MPa) and the porous (13.58-23.26MPa) sintered clay were determined using three-point bending test. The results were analyzed by three-parameter Weibull probability distribution using Minitab 15 software at 95% confidence interval. Scale and threshold parameters of the dense sintered clay were higher than that of the porous sintered clay. However, the Weibull modulus of the porous ceramic was higher than the dense ceramic. The morphology of the porous sintered clay shows a relative distribution of porosity while the dense ceramic shows a random distribution of cracks. Three- parameter Weibull is a suitable tool to model the reliability of dense and porous sintered clays.
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Zhang, Xinyi, Kuankuan Lu, Zhuohui Xu, Honglong Ning, Zimian Lin, Tian Qiu, Zhao Yang, Xuan Zeng, Rihui Yao, and Junbiao Peng. "Amorphous NdIZO Thin Film Transistors with Contact-Resistance-Adjustable Cu S/D Electrodes." Membranes 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050337.
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High-performance amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (AOS-TFT) with copper (Cu) electrodes are of great significance for next-generation large-size, high-refresh rate and high-resolution panel display technology. In this work, using rare earth dopant, neodymium-doped indium-zinc-oxide (NdIZO) film was optimized as the active layer of TFT with Cu source and drain (S/D) electrodes. Under the guidance of the Taguchi orthogonal design method from Minitab software, the semiconductor characteristics were evaluated by microwave photoconductivity decay (μ-PCD) measurement. The results show that moderate oxygen concentration (~5%), low sputtering pressure (≤5 mTorr) and annealing temperature (≤300 °C) are conducive to reducing the shallow localized states of NdIZO film. The optimized annealing temperature of this device configuration is as low as 250 °C, and the contact resistance (RC) is modulated by gate voltage (VG) instead of a constant value when annealed at 300 °C. It is believed that the adjustable RC with VG is the key to keeping both high mobility and compensation of the threshold voltage (Vth). The optimal device performance was obtained at 250 °C with an Ion/Ioff ratio of 2.89 × 107, a saturation mobility (μsat) of 24.48 cm2/(V·s) and Vth of 2.32 V.
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Patil, Sagar Dnyandev, Yogesh J. Bhalerao, and Adik Takale. "Optimization of design variables for carbon/glass hybrid composites laminates using the Taguchi Technique." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2019-0290.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the significance of disparate design variables on the mechanical properties of the composite laminate. Four design variables such as stacking sequence, stacking angle, types of resins and thickness of laminate have been chosen to analyze the impact on mechanical properties of the composite laminate. The detailed investigation is carried out to analyze the effect of a carbon layer in stacking sequence and investigate the impact of various resins on the fastening strength of fibers, stacking angles of the fibers and the thickness of the laminate. Design/methodology/approach The Taguchi approach has been adopted to detect the most significant design variable for optimum mechanical properties of the hybrid composite laminate. For this intend, L16 orthogonal array has been composed in statistical software Minitab 17. To investigate an effect of design variables on mechanical properties, signal to noise ratio plots were developed in Minitab. The numerical analysis was done by using the analysis of variance. Findings The single parameter optimization gives the optimal combination A1B1C4D2 (i.e. stacking sequence C/G/G/G, stacking angle is 00, the type of resin is newly developed resin [NDR] and laminate thickness is 0.3 cm) for tensile strength; A4B2C4D2 (i.e. stacking sequence G/G/G/C, stacking angle is 450, the type of resin is NDR and laminate thickness is 0.3 cm) for shear strength; and A2B3C4D2 (i.e. stacking sequence G/C/G/G, stacking angle is 900, the type of resin is NDR and thickness is 0.3 cm) for flexural strength. The types of resins and stacking angles are the most significant design variables on the mechanical properties of the composite laminate. Originality/value The novelty in this study is the development of new resin called NDR from polyethylene and polyurea group. The comparative study was carried out between NDR and three conventional resins (i.e. polyester, vinyl ester and epoxy). The NDR gives higher fastening strength to the fibers. Field emission scanning electron microscope images illustrate the better fastening ability of NDR compared with epoxy. The NDR provides an excellent strengthening effect on the RCC beam structure along with carbon fiber (Figure 2).
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Bejenari, Iuliana, Gabriela Hristea, Constantin Cărăușu, Alice Mija, and Irina Volf. "A Sustainable Approach on Spruce Bark Waste Valorization through Hydrothermal Conversion." Processes 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010111.
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In the context of sustainable use of resources, hydrothermal conversion of biomass has received increased consideration. As well, the hydrochar (the solid C-rich phase that occurs after the process) has caused great interest. In this work, spruce bark (Picea abies) wastes were considered as feedstock and the influence of hydrothermal process parameters (temperature, reaction time, and biomass to water ratio) on the conversion degree has been studied. Using the response surface methodology and MiniTab software, the process parameters were set up and showed that temperature was the significant factor influencing the conversion, while residence time and the solid-to-liquid ratio had a low influence. Furthermore, the chemical (proximate and ultimate analysis), structural (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis) of feedstock and hydrochar were analyzed. Hydrochar obtained at 280 °C, 1 h processing time, and 1/5 solid-to-liquid ratio presented a hydrophobic character, numerous functional groups, a lower O and H content, and an improved C matter, as well as a good thermal stability. Alongside the structural features, these characteristics endorsed this waste-based product for applications other than those already known as a heat source.
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OMAR, SITI RADHIAH, SYAFIQAH ABDUL RAZAK, and NUR ZAZARINA RAMLY. "TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF STARFRUIT (Averrhoa carambola) CHIPS PRE-TREATED WITH GLUCOSE SYRUP AND OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION." Malaysian Applied Biology 49, no. 3 (October 25, 2020): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55230/mabjournal.v49i3.1555.
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Osmotic dehydration (OD) of starfruit chips by glucose syrup was chosen as the osmotic agent (OA) in this study as it is believed to confer a desirable result in the final product. As in this study, the concentration of glucose syrup that was used is 30, 40 and 50°Brix with soaking temperature of 20°C to 60°C and soaking time of 20 min to 60 min. The result showed that higher water loss and lower solid gain of starfruits obtained as the higher temperature and glucose syrup concentrations were used. Meanwhile, processing of osmo-dried starfruits into chips were done by stir frying with canola oil. The use of glucose syrup with concentration of 50°B, 60°C temperature and 60 min soaking time produced the highest hardness and crispness of starfruit chips with the lowest moisture content. Test of significance (p<0.05) in results obtained from this study were determined using Minitab 18 software as one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Test. In general, OD pre- treatment could be proved as an effective technique for food industries to develop fried starfruit chips with improved texture quality.
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Lee, Seung-Joon, Kyu-Jin Kim, Da-Sol Kim, Eui-Hwan Ryu, and Jae Lee. "The Construction of a Mock-Up Test Building and a Statistical Analysis of the Data Acquired to Evaluate the Power Generation Performance of Photovoltaic Modules." Energies 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071546.
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Traditionally, studies on the power generation performance analysis of the photovoltaic (PV) modules used in building-integrated PV (BIPV) systems have been based on computer simulations and actual experiments with constraints, resulting in the results being inaccurate and limited. This paper proposes a two-step analysis method that results in a more versatile and reliable means of analysis. The steps are: (1) construction of a mock-up test building in the form of BIPV systems and the collection of a massive amount of operational data for one year; and (2) a statistical analysis of the acquired data using Minitab software (Version: 17, Manufacturer: Minitab Inc., State College, PA, USA) to examine the power generation performance. The constructed BIPV mock-up applies design elements such as material types (c-Si and a-Si) and various directions and angles for different module installations. Prior to the analysis, the reliability of the large database (DB) constructed from the acquired data is statistically validated. Then, from the statistical correlation analysis of the DB, several plots that visualize the performance characteristics governed by design elements, including contour plots that show the region of higher performance, are generated. Further, a regression model equation for power generation performance is derived and verified. The results of this study will be useful in determining whether a BIPV system should be adopted in a building’s architectural design and, subsequently, selecting design element values for an actual BIPV system.