Journal articles on the topic 'C. longicollis'
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1
Chessman, BC. "Seasonal and Diel Activity of Fresh-Water Turtles in the Murray Valley, Victoria and New South-Wales." Wildlife Research 15, no. 3 (1988): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880267.
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Activity cycles of Chelodina expansa, C. longicollis and Emydura macquarii were inferred from captures in baited traps set in the Murray River and Lake Boga. C. expansa and E, macquarii were caught only from October to April, while C. longicollis was taken in all months but June and July. Minimum water temperatures at capture were highest for C. expansa and lowest for C. longicollis. Diel cycles of catch rate were often weak, but tended to be bimodal for all species, with peaks near dawn and in the afternoon or evening. Unlike the Chelodina species, E. macquarii was ofen caught near midnight. In the laboratory (at c.24�C with light:dark 12:12 h), the average diel pattern of locomotor activity was weakly bimodal in C. expansa, strongly bimodal in C. longicollis and unimodal in E. macquarii.
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Chessman, Bruce C. "Behavioural thermoregulation by Australian freshwater turtles: interspecific differences and implications for responses to climate change." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 2 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20004.
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The abilities of freshwater turtles to control their body temperatures by behavioural means have implications for activity, food ingestion and digestion, growth, reproduction and potential responses to climate change. I compared various forms of basking in nature, and responses to aquatic and aerial photothermal gradients in the laboratory, among three species of Australian chelid turtles: Chelodina expansa, C. longicollis and Emydura macquarii. Proclivity for behavioural thermoregulation varied substantially among these species, being highest in C. longicollis and lowest in C. expansa. However, C. expansa had a thermophilic response to feeding. For C. longicollis and E. macquarii, behavioural thermoregulation may enhance colonisation of more southerly latitudes or higher elevations as climatic warming proceeds. However, increasing air temperatures may pose a hazard to turtles dispersing or sheltering terrestrially (for example, when water bodies dry during drought). C. longicollis appears the best placed of the three species to avoid this hazard through its abilities to thermoregulate behaviourally and to aestivate in terrestrial microenvironments that are buffered against temperature extremes.
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Chessman, BC. "Habitat Preferences of Fresh-Water Turtles in the Murray Valley, Victoria and New-South-Wales." Wildlife Research 15, no. 5 (1988): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880485.
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Preferences of Chelodina expansa, Chelodina longicollis and Emydura macquarii (Testudines : Chelidae) for different types of aquatic habitat on the Murray River flood plain in south-eastern Australia were inferred from catch statistics. E. macquarii was the species most often caught in the river itself and river backwaters, whereas C. longicollis formed the majority of captures from oxbow lakes, anabranches, ponds, rain pools and a swamp. Relative abundance of E. macquarii was significantly positively correlated with water body depth, transparency, persistence during dry conditions and flow speed, and negatively correlated with remoteness from the river. C. longicollis demonstrated the opposite pattern, and the proportional catch of C. expansa was weakly correlated with environmental variables. The capacity of C. longicollis for colonising and surviving in small, remote and ephemeral ponds and pools relates to its ability to aestivate and resist desiccation and its propensity for overland migration.
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Santori, Claudia, Ricky-John Spencer, James U. Van Dyke, and Michael B. Thompson. "Road mortality of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) along the Murray River, Australia: an assessment using citizen science." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17065.
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Turtles face a variety of threats (e.g. habitat destruction, introduced predators) that are pushing many species towards extinction. Vehicle collisions are one of the main causes of mortality of adult freshwater turtles. To conceptualise the level of threat that roads pose to Australians turtles, we analysed data gathered through the citizen science project TurtleSAT along the Murray River. We recorded 124 occurrences of turtle road mortality, which included all three local species (Chelodina expansa, Chelodina longicollis, and Emydura macquarii). Chelodina longicollis was the most commonly reported species killed on roads. We found that rain and time of year affect the likelihood of C. longicollis being killed on roads: increased turtle mortality is associated with rain events and is highest during the month of November, which coincides with their nesting season. Chelodina longicollis was most likely to be killed on the Hume Highway and roads around major urban centres; therefore, we recommend that governing bodies focus management practices and increase awareness at these locations. The degree of road mortality that we detected in this study requires mitigation, as it may contribute to the decline of C. longicollis along the Murray River.
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Georges, a., RH Norris, and L. Wensing. "Diet of the Fresh-Water Turtle Chelodina-Longicollis (Testudines, Chelidae) From the Coastal Dune Lakes of the Jervis Bay Territory." Wildlife Research 13, no. 2 (1986): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9860301.
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Chelodina longicollis is an opportunistic carnivore that obtains its food from a wide variety of sourcesplankton, nekton, benthic macro-organisms, carrion, and terrestrial organisms that fall upon the water. Although there are some quantitative differences between the littoral components of the diet and the composition of the littoral fauna, these can be attributed to differences in accessibility or 'noticeability' among prey species. There is no evidence to suggest that C, longicollis is selective in what it eats, within the confines of carnivory. Comparison of the diet of C. longicollis with those of other sympatric chelids reveals considerable overlap; the relevance of this to geographic variation in abundance of the species is discussed.
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Palmer-Allen, M., F. Beynon, and a. Georges. "Hatchling Sex Ratios are Independent of Temperature in Field Nests of the Long-necked Turtle, Chelodina longicollis (Testudinata : Chelidae)." Wildlife Research 18, no. 2 (1991): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910225.
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Eastern long-necked turtles, Chelodina longicollis, are known to lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes and to lack temperature-dependent sex determination when incubated under constant conditions. This study determined whether sex ratios of hatchlings emerging from natural nests of C. longicollis were different from that expected from constant temperature experiments. Temperatures in the eight nests monitored varied considerably each day (by 1.7-12.6�C), with eggs at the top of the nest experiencing the greatest variation (mean range 9.0�C) and eggs at the bottom experiencing least variation (mean range 5.3�C). Temperatures experienced by the top and bottom eggs differed by as much as 5.7�C at any one time. No monotonic seasonal trend was evident, but rainfall caused a sharp drop in nest temperatures. Sex ratios in hatchlings from 14 field nests of C. longicollis did not differ significantly from 1:1, a result in agreement with previous studies conducted at constant incubation temperatures in the laboratory.
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Stokeld, Danielle, Andrew J. Hamer, Rodney van der Ree, Vincent Pettigrove, and Graeme Gillespie. "Factors influencing occurrence of a freshwater turtle in an urban landscape: a resilient species?" Wildlife Research 41, no. 2 (2014): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13205.
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Context Species vary broadly in their ability to adapt to urbanisation. Freshwater turtles are vulnerable to the loss and degradation of terrestrial and aquatic habitat in urban environments. There have been few publications investigating impacts of urbanisation on freshwater turtles in Australia. Aims We investigated the effects of urbanisation on the distribution and abundance of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) in greater Melbourne. Methods We examined occurrence and relative abundance of C. longicollis at 55 wetlands across an urban–rural gradient in relation to site- and landscape-level factors. Occupancy was modelled using the program PRESENCE, and incorporated landscape and habitat covariates. A negative binomial regression model was used to examine the influence of landscape and habitat factors on relative abundance by using WinBUGS. Key results C. longicollis occupied 85% of the 55 wetlands we surveyed, and we found no evidence that wetland occupancy was influenced by the variables we measured. However, relative abundance was highest at wetlands with low water conductivity and heavy metal pollution, and in wetlands furthest from rivers. Conclusions C. longicollis appears to be resilient to urbanisation and is likely to persist in urban landscapes, possibly because of the creation of new wetlands in Australian cities. However, long-term studies focussed on demographic parameters, or survivorship, may elucidate as yet undetected effects of urbanisation. Although no specific management recommendations may be necessary for C. longicollis in urban areas at this time, this species may be in decline in non-urban areas as a result of climatic changes and wetland drying. Implications Our findings suggest that caution is required before drawing generalised conclusions on the impacts of urbanisation on turtles, as the effects are likely to be species-specific, dependent on specific ecology and life-history requirements. Further studies are required to ascertain these relationships for a wider array of species and over longer time spans.
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Chessman, Bruce C. "Effects of temperature and exercise on metabolism of three species of Australian freshwater turtles: implications for responses to climate change." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (2018): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18062.
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Oxygen consumption () of Chelodina expansa, C. longicollis and Emydura macquarii (Pleurodira: Chelidae) was measured at rest and during induced exercise at 8, 13, 18, 22, 26, 30 and 34°C. Resting varied significantly among species, being lowest in C. expansa, which is the most sedentary of the three species in nature, and highest in E. macquarii, which is the most energetic, but active did not differ significantly among the three species overall. For both Chelodina species, resting was appreciably lower than expected from regression of on body mass for non-marine turtles globally, a result that reinforces previous evidence of low resting metabolism in Australian chelid turtles. Active of all three species at higher temperatures was similar to reported for active freshwater cryptodires. Resting of all three species increased similarly with temperature, but active and aerobic scope did not. In C. expansa and E. macquarii, active and aerobic scope increased over the full temperature range assessed but in C. longicollis these variables reached a plateau above 22°C. Projected increases in freshwater temperatures in south-eastern Australia as a result of global warming are likely to enhance activity, feeding and growth of the three species (subject to food availability), especially in cooler seasons for C. longicollis and warmer seasons for C. expansa and E. macquarii. However, other aspects of predicted climate change, especially increased drought, are likely to be detrimental.
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MULLINS, G. L., and D. K. LOYDELL. "Integrated lower Silurian chitinozoan and graptolite biostratigraphy of Buttington Brick Pit, Wales." Geological Magazine 139, no. 1 (January 2002): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680100591x.
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The chitinozoans recovered from six graptolitic horizons in the Buttington Brick Pit, Wales, are described. A correlation between the upper Llandovery and lower Wenlock chitinozoan and graptolite biostratigraphical schemes is presented. These data are compared with the recently refined chitinozoan biostratigraphical scheme in the nearby Banwy River section, Wales. Chitinozoans from definite turriculatus graptolite Biozone strata are described for the first time from the UK. Chitinozoans indicative of the Eisenackitina dolioliformis Biozone occur in the turriculatus Biozone, although the base of the former biozone probably occurs at a lower stratigraphical level. The Angochitina longicollis chitinozoan Biozone has been identified in middle or probably upper spiralis graptolite Biozone strata. Questionably identified A. longicollis occurs lower, in strata assigned to the middle spiralis Biozone, where it occurs with the short-ranging Conochitina mathrafalensis and Belonechitina cavei. This may indicate that: (1) the base of the longicollis Biozone occurs slightly lower in the Telychian in Buttington Brick Pit than in the more basinal Banwy River section; (2) the specimen assigned to A. longicollis? represents an undescribed species; or (3) C. mathrafalensis and B. cavei occur higher in Buttington Brick Pit than in the Banwy River section. The absence of A. longicollis in the turriculatus and crispus graptolite biozones in Buttington highlights the need to re-examine the specimens assigned to A. longicollis from these levels in Estonia, Sweden and Norway. Chitinozoans indicative of the Margachitina margaritana chitinozoan Biozone occur in murchisoni Biozone strata (the base of the former biozone has not been observed at Buttington), and the occurrence of Conochitina flamma indicates that the highest graptolite bed examined correlates with a level high in the murchisoni graptolite Biozone.
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Chessman, Bruce C. "Declines of freshwater turtles associated with climatic drying in Australia." Wildlife Research 38, no. 8 (2011): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11108.
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Context While much attention has been paid to the effects of global temperature increases on the geographical ranges and phenologies of plants and animals, less is known about the impacts of climatically driven alteration of water regimes. Aims To assess how three species of freshwater turtle in Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin have responded to long-term decline in river flow and floodplain inundation due to climatic drying and water diversions. Methods Turtle populations were sampled in a section of the Murray River and its floodplain in 1976–82 following a wet period and in 2009–11 at the end of the most severe drought on record. Catch per unit effort, proportional abundance in different habitat types and population structure were assessed in both periods. Key results Catch per unit effort in baited hoop nets declined by 91% for the eastern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and 69% for the Murray turtle (Emydura macquarii), but did not change significantly for the broad-shelled turtle (Chelodina expansa). In addition, total catches from a range of sampling methods revealed a significantly reduced proportion of juvenile C. longicollis and E. macquarii in 2009–11, suggesting a fall in recruitment. Key conclusions The decline of C. longicollis was likely due mainly to drought-induced loss of critical floodplain habitat in the form of temporary water bodies, and that of E. macquarii to combined effects of drought and predation on recruitment. C. expansa seems to have fared better than the other two species because it is less vulnerable to nest predation than E. macquarii and better able than C. longicollis to find adequate nutrition in the permanent waters that remain during extended drought. Implications Declining water availability may be a widespread threat to freshwater turtles given predicted global impacts of climate change and water withdrawals on river flows. Understanding how each species uses particular habitats and how climatic and non-climatic threats interact would facilitate identification of vulnerable populations and planning of conservation actions.
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FERREIRA, Andréia P., Adelaide J. VAZ, Paulo M. NAKAMURA, Álvaro T. SASAKI, Antonio W. FERREIRA, and José A. LIVRAMENTO. "HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS: DEVELOPMENT OF A STABLE REAGENT USING HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGENS." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 39, no. 1 (January 1997): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651997000100006.
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A hemagglutination (HA) test was standardized using formalin- and tannin-treated gander red blood cells sensitized with a total salt extract of C. cellulosae (HA-Cc) and an antigenic extract of Cysticercus longicollis (HA-Cl) vesicular fluid. A total of 61 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were assayed, 41 from patients with neurocysticercosis and 20 from a control group, which were, respectively, reactive and non-reactive to ELISA using C. cellulosae. The CSF samples from the control group did not react and 35 (85.4%) and 34 (82.9%) CSF samples from patients were reactive to the HA-Cc and HA-Cl tests, respectively. The reagents ready for use were stable up to 6 months when stored at 4°C in 50% glycerol. The present results confirm that the reagent using Cysticercus longicollis stabilized with glycerol can be used as an alternative in the immunological diagnosis of neurocysticercosis
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Sanmartín, M. L., J. A. Cordeiro, M. F. Álvarez, and J. Leiro. "Helminth fauna of the yellow-legged gullLarus cachinnansin Galicia, north-west Spain." Journal of Helminthology 79, no. 4 (December 2005): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2005309.
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AbstractThirty-six helminth species were found in 324 gulls examined during June 1994 to February 1996 from different localities of Galicia: 25 trematodes (Brachylaimasp.,Brachylecithum microtesticulatum,Cardiocephaloides longicollis,Cryptocotyle lingua,Cryptocotyle concavum,Diplostomum spathaceum,Echinostephilla virgula,Galactosomum phalacrocoracis,Gigantobilharzia acotylea,Gymnophallus deliciosus,Gynaecotyla longiintestinata,Himasthla elongata,Himasthla quissetensis,Knipowitschiatrema nicolai,Levinseniella(Levinseniella)propinqua,Maritrema gratiosum,Maritrema linguilla,Microphallus primas,Microphallus similis,Ornithobilharzia canaliculata,Parorchis acanthus,Phagicola minuta,Psilostomum brevicolle,Renicolasp. andStephanoprora denticulata), four cestodes (Alcataenia micracantha,Microsomacanthus ductilis,Tetrabothrius(Oriana)erostrisandWardium cirrosa), six nematodes (Anisakis simplex,Contracaecum rudolphii,Cosmocephalus obvelatus),Eucoleus contortus,Paracuaria aduncaandTetrameres(Tetrameres)skrjabini) and one acanthocephalan (Arhythmorhynchus longicollis).Tetrabothrius erostriswas the most prevalent species (79.6%), followed byC. obvelatus(47.8%),C. lingua(37.4%),G deliciosus(30.9%),G. longiintestinata(22.8%),P. adunca(21.9%),B. microtesticulatum(17.6%),E. contortus(14.5%) andM. similis(9.3%).Microphallus similiswas the dominant species, with a Berger-Parker index (BP) of 0.32, followed byT. erostris(BP=0.10). All species presented an aggregated dispersion exceptG. acotyleaandG. phalacrocoracis, which showed a random dispersion. Species that seem to have the greatest predilection for specific sites along the intestine are:C. longicollisandA. micracantha(first third),Brachylaimasp.,M. similisandG. longiintestinata(last third) andA. longicollis(second half). Eight species are known to be pathogenic to commercially important fish or molluscan species and several are pathogenic to humans.
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Minozzo, João Carlos, Vanete Thomaz-Soccol, Carlos Chaves Olortegui, Vando Edésio Soares, and Alvimar José da Costa. "Teste imunoenzimático (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) para diagnóstico da cisitcercose bovina e estudo da cinética de produção de anticorpos contra-Cysticercus bovis." Ciência Rural 34, no. 3 (June 2004): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000300031.
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Um teste de ELISA indireto (ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY) foi desenvolvido para pesquisa de anticorpos contra-C. bovis em bovinos experimental e naturalmente infectados. Foram estudados três antígenos: antígeno parcial de C. cellulosae, antígeno total de C. bovis e antígeno total de C. longicollis. Na padronização do ELISA foram analisadas as seguintes combinações: antígeno 250 e 500ng de proteína/cavidade, diluição dos soros 50, 100, 200 e 400 vezes, diluição do conjugado (IgG de cabra anti-IgG bovina conjugada com peroxidase) 400 e 800 vezes. Do cruzamento das condições acima resultou a seguinte padronização: antígeno 250ng/cavidade, soro e conjugado diluídos 100 e 400 vezes, respectivamente. O nível de corte (cut-off) da reação entre animais reagentes e não reagentes foi determinado pela média das densidades óticas de 54 soros negativos acrescidas de três desvio-padrão, resultando no valor de 0,303. Através da prova ELISA foram comparadas as reatividades dos antígenos parcial de C. cellulosae, total de C. bovis e total de C. longicollis com soros de bovinos portadores de cisticercose, empregando as diluições de soros e de conjugados padronizados anteriormente. O antígeno de C. bovis mostrou alta correlação com o teste padronizado com C. cellulosae. Entretanto, os valores de absorbância foram sensivelmente menores. Com C. longicollis observou-se reatividade bastante baixa, porém aumentando-se a quantidade de antígeno, até 3000ng/cavidade, houve um aumento proporcional da resposta. Após a padronização do teste foi analisado o comportamento imunológico de bezerros infectados experimentalmente com ovos de Taenia saginata. Dez bezerros foram infetados oralmente com 2 x 104 ovos de T. saginata. Seis bezerros não infetados foram usados como controle. Treze amostras de soro de cada animal foram analisadas. A primeira foi colhida no dia da infecção e o restante, quinzenalmente até o abate. A produção máxima de anticorpos foi observada entre 30 e 60 dias pós-infecção. Depois de 90 dias da infecção os animais foram sacrificados e o número de cistos contados e comparados com a resposta imunológica dos animais. Com o teste padronizado pesquisou-se anticorpos contra-C. bovis, em soros de bovinos considerados não portadores de cisticercos pelo serviço de inspeção e, de 20 amostras de soros analisadas, duas apresentaram valores de absorbância acima do "cut-off" indicando serem portadores de cisticercos .
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Kennett, R., A. Georges, and M. Palmerallen. "Early Developmental Arrest During Immersion of Eggs of a Tropical Fresh-Water Turtle, Chelodina-Rugosa (Testudinata, Chelidae), From Northern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 1 (1993): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930037.
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Freshly laid. eggs of Chelodina rugosa survived for up to 12 weeks when immersed in water and subsequently underwent successful incubation and normal hatching. Embryonic development was arrested during immersion, remained arrested in an atmosphere of nitrogen, and recommenced when eggs were exposed to air. The hypoxic conditions during immersion appear to extend the arrest typical of turtle embryos during their period in the oviducts. Freshly laid eggs of the temperate-zone C. longicollis died when immersed for longer than one week and eggs of both species died when immersed after post-laying embryonic development had commenced. These results, supported by anecdoctal and experimental evidence, suggest that C. rugosa lays its eggs in saturated or flooded ground in the late wet or early dry monsoonal season. Embryonic development presumably remains arrested until water levels drop and oxygen tensions in the nest rise by diffusion through the drying soil. Partly developed embryos in nests that are flooded after laying would perish. In contrast, C. longicollis of temperate Australia nests only in relatively dry substrates, and its eggs appear not be have evolved the capacity to withstand immersion.
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KOŠŤÁL, MICHAEL, and ROBERTO CALDARA. "Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini)." Zootaxa 4631, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 1–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4631.1.1.
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Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville, 1798 are revised and 61 species are recognized as valid. Sixteen species are described as new to science: Cionus armeniacus sp. n., C. boroveci sp. n., C. colonnellii sp. n., C. dodeki sp. n., C. harani sp. n., C. himalayensis sp. n., C. khorasanicus sp. n., C. laibalei sp. n., C. maurus sp. n., C. negevicola sp. n., C. neglectus sp. n., C. osmanlis sp. n., C. rossicus sp. n., C. rufescens sp. n., C. winkelmanni sp. n. and C. yunnanensis sp. n. Cionus auriculus Reitter, 1904 stat. n. is resurrected from the synonymy of C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. atlanticus Peyerimhoff, 1926 stat. prom. is raised to specific rank from C. longicollis atlanticus, C. montanus Wingelmüller, 1914 stat. prom. is raised to specific rank from C. longicollis montanus, C. affinis Brahm, 1790 syn. n. is synonymized with C. scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758), C. franzi A. Hoffmann, 1960 syn. n. with C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. inexspectatus Tempère, 1961 syn. n. with C. leonhardi Wingelmüller, 1914, C. pulverosus densenotatus Reitter, 1914 syn. n. with C. pulverosus Guérin-Méneville, 1833, C. schoenherri laportei A. Hoffmann, 1953 syn. n. with C. schoenherri C. N. F. Brisout de Barneville, 1863, C. schultzei nuristanus Voss, 1937 syn. n. with C. dependens Faust, 1886, C. scrophulariae albosuturatus Roubal, 1936 syn. n. with C. scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758), C. subsquamosus Reitter, 1914 syn. n. with C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. thapsus semialbellus Reitter, 1904 syn. n. with C. gebleri Gyllenhal, 1838, C. thapsus tissoni Reitter, 1904 syn. n. with C. thapsus (Fabricius, 1792). Neotypes of Cionus griseopubens Wingelmüller, 1914, Cionus ungulatus Germar, 1821, Cionus villae Comolli, 1837, Curculio affinis Brahm, 1790, Curculio alauda Herbst, 1784, Curculio bipustulatus Marsham, 1802 and Curculio tuberculosus Scopoli, 1763 are designated. Curculio thapsus Fabricius, 1792 (currently Cionus) is formally proposed as nom. protectum and Curculio assimilis Harrer, 1784 as nom. oblitum. Redescriptions, comparative morphology, distributions, biological notes and key to all Palaearctic species are given.
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Bower, Deborah S., Clare E. Death, and Arthur Georges. "Ecological and physiological impacts of salinisation on freshwater turtles of the lower Murray River." Wildlife Research 39, no. 8 (2012): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11214.
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Context The increasing intensity and extent of anthropogenically mediated salinisation in freshwater systems has the potential to affect freshwater species through physiological and ecological processes. Determining responses to salinisation is critical to predicting impacts on fauna. Aims We aimed to quantify the response of wild-caught turtles from freshwater lakes that had become saline in the lower Murray River catchment. Methods Plasma electrolytes of all three species of freshwater turtle from South Australia were compared among two freshwater sites (Horseshoe Lagoon and Swan Reach), a brackish lake (Lake Bonney) and a saline lake (Lake Alexandrina). Key results Chelodina longicollis, C. expansa and Emydura macquarii from a brackish lake had higher concentrations of plasma sodium and chloride than those from freshwater habitats. However, osmolytes known to increase under severe osmotic stress (urea and uric acid) were not elevated in brackish sites. Turtles from the highly saline lake were colonised by an invasive marine worm which encased the carapace and inhibited limb movement. Conclusions Freshwater turtles in brackish backwaters had little response to salinity, whereas the C. longicollis in a saline lake had a significant physiological response caused by salt and further impacts from colonisation of marine worms. Implications Short periods of high salinity are unlikely to adversely affect freshwater turtles. However, secondary ecological processes, such as immobilisation from a marine worm may cause unexpected impacts on freshwater fauna.
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Chessman, Bruce C. "Slow and unsteady: growth of the Australian eastern long-necked turtle near the southern end of its natural range." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18001.
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Knowledge of growth rates and maturation times of freshwater turtles is important in assessing population viability. I analysed growth of Australian eastern long-necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis) from individual capture–recapture records spanning periods of up to 17 years for a population in Gippsland, Victoria, close to the high-latitude end of the species’ natural range. Juvenile growth was rapid and similar among individuals but adult growth was usually slow, highly variable among individuals and erratic within individuals over time. In addition, asymptotic body lengths were disparate among individuals for both males and females. Von Bertalanffy growth models fitted separately to males plus unsexed juveniles and females plus unsexed juveniles performed better than logistic models but tended to underestimate growth rates for very small and very large turtles and overestimate growth for medium-sized individuals. Sexual maturity was estimated to be achieved at 10 years in males and 16 years in females, which is late compared with most estimates for other populations of C. longicollis and for other turtle species in south-eastern Australia. The high variability of individual growth in this population makes age estimation from body size unreliable beyond the first few years of life.
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Asselin, E., A. Achab, and P. A. Bourque. "Chitinozoaires du Silurien inférieur dans la région de la baie des Chaleurs en Gaspésie, Québec, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 2435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-208.
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A palynological study of a Llandoverian – lower Wenlockian sequence at Chaleurs Bay (Quebec) has revealed six distinct chitinozoan assemblages whose stratigraphic positions are well known on the basis of brachiopod and conodont data. A comparison of these microfaunas with those described from sequences of the same age in Europe and North America shows that the association Conochitina acuminata, Conochitina flamma, Conochitina cf. C. proboscifera, and Angochitina aff. A. longicollis is the most interesting one. This association is dated as late Llandoverian – early Wenlockian.
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Ábrahám, Levente, and Matthieu Giacomino. "A little known and synonym ant-lions 2. (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." Natura Somogyiensis 34 (2020): 21–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2020.34.21.
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The authors examined antlion types in several collections and, as a result, 44 new synonymous names were found and 8 new combinations were established. Label data of the type specimens, distribution and some taxonomical comments were published. Acanthaclisis aurora Klapálek, 1912 n. syn. of Phanoclisis longicollis (Rambur, 1842); Creoleon pallida Fraser, 1950 n. syn. of Nohoveus lepidus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834); Myrmeleon tschernovi Krivokhatsky, N. A., Shapoval & A. P. Shapoval, 2014 n. syn. of Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941); Myrmeleon montanus Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker, 1885; Cueta elongata Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Cueta divisa Navás, 1912; Cueta externa Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Cueta indefinita Navás, 1914; Cueta gracilis Navás, 1924 n. syn. of Cueta indefinita Navás, 1914; Cueta simplicior Navás, 1934 n. syn. of Cueta indefinita Navás, 1914; Cueta pilosa Navás, 1934 n. syn. of Cueta indefinita Navás, 1914; Nesoleon scalaris Navás, 1912 n. syn. of Cueta pallens (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834). "Nesoleon lepidus Klug." is a wrong combination (Banks 1913) and not extant species. Cueta dissimulata Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Cueta trivirgata (Gerstaecker, 1894); Dendroleon qiongana Yang, 2002 n. syn. of Gatzara caelestis (Krivokhatsky, 1997); Dendroleon angulineura C.-k. Yang, 1987 n. syn. of Gatzara jubilaea Navás, 1915; Myrmeleon contractus Walker, 1860 n. comb. of Layahima contracta (Walker, 1860); Layahima nebulosa Navás, 1912 n. syn. of Layahima contracta (Walker, 1860); Distoleon cubitalis (Navás, 1914) n. comb. of Banyutus cubitalis (Navás, 1914); Formicaleo feai Navás, 1915 n. syn. of Banyutus cubitalis (Navás, 1914); Cymatala pallora C.-k. Yang, 1986 n. comb. of Banyutus pallorus (C.-k. Yang, 1986) and n. syn. of Banyutus cubitalis (Navás, 1914); Creoleon maurus Navás, 1923 n. syn. of Creoleon lugdunensis (Villers, 1789); Creagris interrupta Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Creoleon mortifer (Walker, 1853); Creagris loanguana Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Creoleon mortifer (Walker, 1853); Creoleon nigritarsis Navás, 1921 n. syn. of Creoleon mortifer (Walker, 1853); Creagris venosus Navás, 1914 n. syn. of Creoleon mortifer (Walker, 1853); Neeles roscidus Navás, 1937 n. comb. of Distoleon roscidus (Navás, 1937) and n. syn. of Distoleon nefandus (Walker, 1853); Distoleon symphineurus C.-k. Yang, 1986 n. syn. of Distoleon solitarius (Hölzel, 1970); Macronemurus interruptus Kolbe, 1897 n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Formicaleo turbidus Navás, 1915 n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Formicaleo lambarenus Navás, 1921 n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Formicaleo gilsi Navás, 1933 n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Neeles muzanus Navás, 1922 n. comb. of Distoleon muzanus (Navás, 1922) and n. syn. of Distoleon sylphis (Gerstaecker, 1894); Feina languidus Navás, 1931 n. syn. of Distoleon tholloni (Navás, 1914); Neuroleon parvissimus Fraser, 1952 n. syn. of Geyria lepidula (Navás, 1912); Formicaleo dumontinus Navás, 1933 n. comb. of Macronemurus dumontinus (Navás, 1933) and n. syn. of Macronemurus appendiculatus (Latreille, 1807); Macronemurus schoutedeni Navás, 1930 n. syn. of Macronemurus loranthe Banks, 1911; Macronemurus jejunus Navás, 1912 n. syn. of Macronemurus melanthe Banks, 1911; Macronemurus ianthe Banks, 1911 n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Macronemurus nuncius Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Formicoleo fictus Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Formicaleo neavinus Navás, 1913 n. comb. of Macronemurus neavinus (Navás, 1913) and n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Macronemurus wittei Navás, 1932 n. syn. of Macronemurus perlatus (Gerstaecker, 1885); Neuroleon lukhtanovi Krivokhatsky, 1996 n. syn. of Neuroleon erato Hölzel, 1972; Neuroleon nubilus Navás, 1913 n. syn. of Neuroleon (Ganussa) tenellus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834); Tahulus sordidatus Navás, 1936 n. syn. of Pseudoformicaleo gracilis (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834); Indoleon tacitus sinicus C.-k. Yang in C.-k. Yang & X.-l. Wang, 2002 n. syn. of Indoleon tacitus (Walker, 1853); Myrmeleon lagopus Gerstaecker, 1894 n. comb. of Nedroledon lagopus (Gerstaecker, 1894), Nedroledon striatus Hölzel, 1972 n. syn. of Nedroledon lagopus (Gerstaecker, 1894); Paraglenurus lotzi Miller & Stange, 1999 n. syn. of Paraglenurus pumilus Yang, 1997. 49 photographs of type specimens are presented.
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Zhang, A. W., L. Riccioni, W. L. Pedersen, K. P. Kollipara, and G. L. Hartman. "Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Grouping of Diaporthe phaseolorum and Phomopsis longicolla Isolates from Soybean." Phytopathology® 88, no. 12 (December 1998): 1306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.12.1306.
Full textAbstract:
Diaporthe phaseolorum and Phomopsis longicolla isolates from soybean were examined using traditional mycological characteristics and molecular methods. Cultural characteristics including types of fruiting bodies and conidia were assessed for isolates collected from soybean stems and seeds. Cultures were identified as P. longicolla, D. phaseolorum var. caulivora, D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, or D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Molecular markers for these groups were developed and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA. The ITS4 and ITS5 primers amplified PCR products for all isolates studied. Gel electrophoresis of undigested PCR products and DNA sequencing produced various fragment lengths including 604 bp for P. longicolla, 602 and 603 bp for D. phaseolorum var. caulivora, 603 bp for D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, and from 597 to 609 bp for D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Digestion of these PCR products with enzymes AluI, HhaI, MseI, RsaI, and ScrFI resulted in distinct bands for identification of P. longicolla and the varieties of D. phaseolorum I. All P. longicolla, D. phaseolorum var. caulivora, and D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis isolates were distinguished using AluI and HhaI with RsaI or ScrFI. The banding patterns of D. phaseolorum var. sojae isolates were complex and were separated into 11 subgroups after digestion with AluI, HhaI, MseI, RsaI, and ScrFI. Phylogenetic analysis of 20 isolates of D. phaseolorum and P. longicolla based on the DNA sequence of the ITS region resolved six clades termed A, B, C, D, E, and F. Clade A included all sequenced D. phaseolorum var. caulivora isolates, two from Italy and one from the United States. Isolates in clade B were exclusively associated with D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis. Clades A and B formed a well-supported monophyletic group. Isolates in clades C, D, E, and F were morphologically defined as isolates of P. longicolla, D. phaseolorum var. sojae, and Diaporthe spp. The ITS sequences similarity of seven geographically diverse P. longi-colla isolates illustrated that P. longicolla isolates have a similar genetic background, with some affiliations to some D. phaseolorum var. sojae isolates. Morphological characteristics of the isolates along with the terminal clades of the ITS phylogeny suggest that P. longicolla is an individual species, D. phaseolorum var. caulivora and D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis are varieties of D. phaseolorum, and D. phaseolorum var. sojae is either several varieties of D. phaseolorum or possibly several distinct species.
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Shu, C., J. Chen, H. Huang, Y. He, and E. Zhou. "First Report of Phomopsis longicolla Causing Stem Canker of Eggplant in Guangdong, China." Plant Disease 98, no. 3 (March 2014): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0790-pdn.
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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. In August 2012, severe stem cankers were observed on eggplant at the early stage of maturation in several fields in Guangdong Province, China. Diseased plants raised cankers on the stems and branches, which resulted in wilting and stunting. No symptoms developed on eggplant fruit. Disease incidence was as high as 40% within affected fields. By using routine fungal-isolation methods and single-spore purification technique, five single-conidial isolates were obtained from each diseased stem. Colonies were grayish-white, circular, and got yellow pigmentation when placed in acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA) in an incubator at pH 4.5 and 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod. Stromata were black, large, and spreading in a concentric pattern. Conidiomata were pycnidial, and the pycnidia were round, oblate, triangular or irregular, and unilocular. Conidiophores were colorless, separated, dichotomous, and 10.0 to 18.0 × 1.5 to 2.0 μm. Alpha conidia were single-celled, ellipsoidal to fusiform, guttulate, and 6.0 to 8.0 × 2.0 to 2.5 μm. Beta conidia, produced on oat meal agar in 2 weeks at 25°C in the dark, were filiform, hamate, and 16.0 to 28.0 × 0.7 to 1.0 μm. Based on these morphological characters, the fungus was identified as Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs (1). The ITS-rDNA sequence (GenBank Accession No. KC886605) of the isolate EPPL1 of this fungus (P. longicolla EPPL1) was obtained by using universal primers ITS5/ITS4 (1). BLAST searches showed a 98% homology with the sequence of the ITS region of rDNA of P. longicolla. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. longicolla EPPL1 clustered with P. longicolla SYJM15 and formed a distinct clade distantly related to P. vexans PV3 (GU373630), a well-known pathogen of eggplant. Digestion of PCR-amplified DNA with Alu I yielded two restriction fragments of sizes consistent with those reported for P. longicolla (2). Pathogenicity tests were performed on 30-day-old plants of cv. Yuefengzihongqie grown in a plastic pot (1 liter) in a greenhouse by using mycelial plugs and conidial suspensions of isolate EPPL1 as inocula. A mycelial plug (4 mm in diameter) from a 7-day-old PDA culture was placed on stems of both wounded and non-wounded plants and covered with sterile absorbent cotton moistened with sterile distilled water. Both wounded and non-wounded plants were inoculated with 0.5 ml of conidial suspension (1 × 106 conidia ml–1) dropped onto sterile absorbent cotton covering the stems. Control assays were performed with agar plugs and sterile distilled water only. Inoculated plants were placed in a greenhouse with a 12-h photoperiod at 28°C. Each treatment was replicated on five plants, and the test was repeated. Twenty-five days after inoculation, both wounded and non-wounded plants inoculated with either method showed raised cankers at the points of inoculation and canker lesions similar to those observed in the field expanded up and down the stems to reach lengths of 15 to 30 mm. Later, sparse, small, black pycnidia formed on the surface of the lesions. The inoculated plants exhibited stunting and premature senescence compared to controls. P. longicolla was re-isolated from the infected stems of inoculated plants. Control plants were asymptomatic. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. longicolla causing stem canker in eggplant in Guangdong, China. Considering the economic importance of eggplant in Guangdong Province and throughout the world, further study of phomopsis stem canker of eggplant is warranted. References: (1) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535, 1985. (2) A. W. Zhang et al. Plant Dis. 81:1143, 1997.
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Deng, Yunfei. "Carex longicolla (Cyperaceae), a new sedge from China." Phytotaxa 178, no. 3 (September 17, 2014): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.178.3.3.
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Carex longicolla is described as a new species in section Lageniformes from South China. It is similar to C. truncatigluma, but differs from the latter in its culms more short, 5–10 cm long, spikelets 3–5, close each other, neck equal to or longer than nutlet, 1.5–2 mm long.
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Gale, Luka, Roberto Rettori, and Rossana Martini. "Critical review of Pseudocucurbitidae (Miliolina, Foraminiferea) from the Late Triassic reef environments of the Tethyan area." Journal of Micropalaeontology 31, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0262-821x12-004.
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Abstract. The Late Triassic foraminiferal genera Amphorella, Spiriamphorella, Urnulinella, Pseudocucurbita, Paratintinnina, Costifera and Siculocosta are considered junior synonyms of the genus Cucurbita. Consequently, the number of families of the Milioliporacea (Miliolina) is significantly reduced. The valid species of the genus Cucurbita are considered to be Cucurbita infundibuliforme Jablonský, 1973, C. subsphaerica (Borza & Samuel, 1977a) comb. nov., C. longicollum Senowbari-Daryan, 1983, C. battagliensis (Senowbari-Daryan, 1983) comb. nov., C. cylindrica (Senowbari-Daryan, 1983) comb. nov. and C. floriformis (Altiner et al., 1992) comb. nov..
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Shan, Z., S. Li, Y. Liu, Z. Yang, C. Yang, A. Sha, H. Chen, S. Chen, and X.-A. Zhou. "First Report of Phomopsis Seed Decay of Soybean Caused by Phomopsis longicolla in South China." Plant Disease 96, no. 11 (November 2012): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-12-0401-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Phomopsis seed decay of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) causes poor seed quality and suppresses yield in most soybean-growing areas in the world. The disease is caused primarily by Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs. During the spring of 2010, soybean seeds without symptoms were planted in the fields but emergence was poor and the emergence rates ranged from 30 to 70% in south China. Approximately 3,000 symptomless seeds were randomly collected from seven fields at three locations in Guangzhou, Nanchang, and Wuhan. Seeds were surface disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 12 min, rinsed in sterile distilled water three to four times, and placed on 2% agar. Plates were then incubated at 26°C under 16/8-h photoperiod for 3 to 4 days. About 10 to 20% of the seeds produced white hyphae that spread rapidly and covered the whole seed. The hyphae from fungal isolates were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 26°C in the dark. After 3 to 4 weeks, conidia were elliptical with two oil drops at both ends and hyaline (6.2 to 7.2 × 2.6 to 3.2 μm). The cultural and morphological characteristics of the isolates corresponded with the description of P. longicolla (2). Colonies on PDA were floccose, dense, and white. Stromata were large, black, and spreading. To confirm the morphological identification, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) from three isolates were sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. JQ899030, JQ899031, and JQ899032). BLAST analysis indicated that the isolates had 99% nucleotide sequence identity with P. longicolla (GenBank Accession Nos. AY857868.1, EF026104, and HQ130441.1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on 2-week-old soybean seedlings (3). A mycelial plug (3 mm in diameter) from the margin of 1-week-old PDA culture of the Wuhan isolate was individually placed mycelial side down directly on the top of cut stem 1 to 2 cm above cotyledon node of the soybean seedling. PDA plugs without the fungus was used as the negative control. All seedlings were kept in a growth chamber at 26°C with 92 to 94% relative humidity. After 2 weeks, all inoculated seedlings showed browning, stem wilt, and the lesions were 0.3 to 2.0 cm long. No symptoms were observed in the control plants. P. longicolla was reisolated from the infected seedlings. The pathogenicity test was repeated three times. Soybean stem blight caused by P. longicolla has been reported in northeast China (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. longicolla causing Phomopsis seed decay of soybean in south China. This report will establish a foundation for developing a program for screening germplasm for resistance to this disease in south China. References: (1) Y. L. Cui et al. Plant Pathol. 58:799, 2009. (2) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535,1985. (3) S. Li et al. Plant Dis. 85:1031, 2001.
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Xue, C. S., Y. Y. Lu, S. Q. Xiao, and Y. X. Duan. "First Report of Phomopsis longicolla Causing Leaf Spot on Soybean in China." Plant Disease 99, no. 2 (February 2015): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-14-0945-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
During July 2012, leaf spots affecting 60% of the leaves were observed on soybean cultivar He Feng 60 in fields near Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, leading to 5 to 10% yield loss. The leaf spots were associated with the leaf margins and were irregularly shaped, with brown to black margins and surrounded by a thin, yellow halo. Often, several spots merged to form large necrotic areas, which contained numerous pycnidia on the underside of the leaf. Small pieces (5 mm2) were excised from the margin of diseased and healthy tissue, surface-sterilized in 70% ethanol solution for 30 s and 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 1 min, washed in three changes of sterile distilled water, and transferred to plates containing potato dextrose agar (PDA). Cultures were maintained in an incubator at 25°C with a 12 h dark/light photoperiod for 5 to 7 days. On PDA, colonies were white with yellow areas, floccose, dense, and moderately fast growing, attaining a diameter of 3.9 mm after 5 days and 9.0 mm after 14 days. Finally, large black stromata appeared after 28 days at 25°C. The conidiomata pycnidia were black, stomatic, globose, length 83.6 to 232 μm, width 37.9 to 146.3 μm and produced α-conidia that were unicellular, hyaline, sometimes two-guttulate, length 4.75 to 8.25 μm, width 1.50 to 3.00 μm. β-Conidia were not observed. To confirm the morphological identification, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) from isolates were sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KC460334). The PCR products were cloned into a pMD-19T Cloning Vector (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). The clones were purified with TIANprep Mini Plasmid Kit (Tiangen Biotech, Beijing, China) to get the full-length ITS sequence. BLAST analysis of the isolates showed 100% nucleotide sequence identity with Phomopsis longicolla (AY745021). Four additional primer pairs—large subunit (NL1/NL4), beta-tublin gene (Bt2a/Bt2b), translation elongation factor 1α gene(EF1-728F/EF1-986R), and act gene(ACT-512F/ACT-783R) (1,2)—were amplified and sequenced as described above. The large subunit gene, β-tubulin gene, and translation elongation factor 1α gene from isolates were sequenced (Sangon Biotech). BLAST analysis indicated that the isolates had 100% nucleotide sequence identity with P. longicolla (AB107259, HQ333514, and AF398896). Because the act gene sequence of P. longicolla was not in the NCBI database, this sequence had 94% nucleotide sequence identity with P. cuppatea (JN230389). To fulfill Koch's postulates, five leaves on five healthy soybean plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension (106/ml). Plants inoculated with sterile water served as the noninoculated controls. Plants were incubated in the greenhouse at 25°C. All the inoculated leaves developed pinhead spots on the leaves, gradually increasing to large brown spots. Spots were irregularly shaped, brown and necrotic in the center, and surrounded by a yellow halo. Black pycnidia appeared after 10 days, whereas the noninoculated control plants remained asymptomatic. P. longicolla was consistently recovered from all inoculated plants, except the control. Morphological description of isolates was similar to that of Hobbs (3). However, as described by Hobbs and others, P. longicolla conidiomata pycnidia have prominent necks more than 200 μm long, opening by apical ostioles; locules are uniostiolate or multiostiolate, globose, up to 500 μm wide. The pycnidia size of isolates by frozen section method was smaller than that of Hobbs. Based on morphological and sequence comparisons, the pathogen of leaf spot disease is caused by P. longicolla. This is the first reported leaf spot caused by P. longicolla on soybean in China. References: (1) T. Boekhou et al. Stud. Mycol. 38:75, 1995. (2) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 75:37, 2013. (3) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535, 1985.
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Sanogo, S., and B. F. Etarock. "First Report of Phomopsis longicolla Causing Stem Blight of Valencia Peanut in New Mexico." Plant Disease 93, no. 9 (September 2009): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-9-0965a.
Full textAbstract:
Wilted plants of Valencia market-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were found in two fields in August 2006 and three fields in September 2007 in Curry County, New Mexico. Plants had extensive, light brown discoloration and interstices of greenish tissue on blighted stems and branches across plant canopy levels. Disease incidence was less than 1% with infected plants in groups of two to five within each field. Five 4-cm stem segments were taken from each of five diseased plants in each field, submerged for 5 min in 0.5% NaOCl, rinsed in sterile distilled water, cut into 0.5-cm pieces, and plated on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Mycelial colonies, recovered from plant tissues and incubated on APDA at 25°C under a 12-h photoperiod, were white and floccose with light green-yellow areas becoming visible within 7 to 10 days of incubation. Black stromata formed, spreading in a concentric pattern or scattered as large masses on APDA. Ostiolate and rostrate pycnidia with long beaks more than 500 μm were observed. Alpha conidia exuded from pycnidia in creamy-to-yellowish drops and were ellipsoid and biguttulate with an average length of 6.6 μm and width of 2.10 μm. Colonies were identified as Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs (1). PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of three isolates using primer pair ITS4/ITS5 (3) was followed by sequencing and BLAST analysis and showed a 95% homology with the sequence of the ITS region of rDNA of P. longicolla (1). Digestion of PCR-amplified DNA with AluI yielded two restriction fragments of sizes consistent with those reported for P. longicolla (2). Koch's postulates were established with three isolates tested for pathogenicity on Valencia peanut cv. Val-C at the four- to six-leaf stage using stem and root inoculations. Stems were injected with conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) with a hypodermic needle or stabbed at the cotyledon axils with a sterile toothpick dabbed into an exuded conidial drop. Control plants were stem injected with distilled water or stabbed with a sterile toothpick. For root inoculation, plants were uprooted, washed free from soil, and inserted up to the crown into a 50-ml plastic test tube containing 40 ml of conidial suspension (25,000 conidia/ml) or sterile distilled water. For each method, eight plants were inoculated with each isolate, and four plants served as control. All inoculation methods were performed on the same day and repeated three times. Inoculated plants were covered with a clear plastic bag that was removed after 4 days. Plants were placed at 30°C under a 14-h photoperiod for 2 weeks. On stem-inoculated plants, light-to-dark brown discoloration formed at the sites of inoculation and expanded up and down the stems, which became brown, resulting in plant death within 10 to 14 days. On root-inoculated plants, browning of crown areas progressed up the stems, followed by plant death. P. longicolla was recovered from all inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. longicolla on peanut in New Mexico and the United States. This report demonstrates the association of P. longicolla with peanut and its ability to cause stem blight. The occurrence and extent of this disease may be of a concern, because on other crops, Phomopsis diseases can cause significant reduction in seed germination, plant vigor, and yield. References: (1) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535, 1985. (2) A. W. Zhang et al. Plant Dis. 81:1143, 1997. (3) A. W. Zhang et al. Phytopathology 88:1306, 1998.
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Li, S., C. A. Bradley, G. L. Hartman, and W. L. Pedersen. "First Report of Phomopsis longicolla from Velvetleaf Causing Stem Lesions on Inoculated Soybean and Velvetleaf Plants." Plant Disease 85, no. 9 (September 2001): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.9.1031a.
Full textAbstract:
Reddish brown lesions were observed on the lower stem and upper root area of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) plants growing in an Illinois soybean field in June 2000. The lesions were similar in appearance to those caused by Rhizoctonia root rot of soybean. Stems and roots with lesions were cut into ≍5-mm pieces, surface-disinfested, and placed on 2% water agar at pH 4.5. The cultural morphology of the two isolates fit the description of Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs (1). Colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were floccose, dense, and white. The undersides of the cultures were colorless. Stromata were large, black, and spreading. The pattern of stromata in one isolate was effuse, and most of the stromata were immersed or semiimmersed in the medium, whereas the stromata from the other isolate were massive and prominent. Neither isolate turned green on PDA. Alpha conidia were hyaline, ellipsoidal to fusiform, and guttulate. DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-stained alpha conidia were uninucleate. Beta conidia and perithecia did not occur on either PDA or oat flakes on water agar from 1 to 10 weeks at 25°C under a 12-h photoperiod. The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA genes of the two isolates were identical and shared 100% sequence identity with two P. longicolla soybean isolates that we had identified previously. Pathogenicity tests were conducted in a greenhouse by cutting the stems of 3-week-old soybean and velvetleaf plants at the second internode. Mycelial plugs (4 mm in diameter) from the margin of 1-week-old cultures of the two isolates from velvetleaf and one from soybean were individually placed mycelial side down directly on the top of cut stems of 10 to 15 plants per isolate. Controls included noninoculated plants with and without PDA plugs. Plants were kept in a mist chamber in the dark at 25°C for 4 days and were then transferred to a greenhouse with a 16-h photoperiod at 24 ± 3°C. Stem lesions were measured 7 days after inoculation. The experiment was repeated once. Mean stem lesion lengths caused by the velvetleaf and soybean isolates were 23 and 20 mm, respectively, on soybean stems, while negative controls produced no lesions. Mean stem lesion lengths caused by the velvetleaf and soybean isolates were 23.5 and 12 mm, respectively, on velvetleaf stems. P. longicolla was reisolated from the stem lesions of five randomly collected plants. This is the first report of P. longicolla being isolated from velvetleaf and causing stem lesions on inoculated soybean and velvetleaf plants. Reference: (1) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77: 535, 1985.
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Chen, X., R. Pan, D. Xu, C. Ji, and M. Deng. "First Report of Soybean Stem Blight Caused by Phomopsis longicolla in Guangdong Province, Southern China." Plant Disease 97, no. 6 (June 2013): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-12-1003-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
In October 2011, a disease resembling stem blight of soybean was found in Zengcheng City, Guangdong Province, southern China. Symptoms began as a brown fusiform lesions on the stems, usually at the nodes. The lesions then darkened, elongated, and often girdled the stems, causing wilt of the above stems. The whole plant eventually died. There were many small, black, raised fruiting bodies in the lesions. The disease incidence was about 20%. Lesions with typical symptoms were sampled from diseased plants. Microscopic examination revealed that the fruiting bodies were pycnidia in which alpha-conidia were common but beta-conidia were rare. Alpha-conidia were hyaline, ellipsoidal to fusiform, guttulate, and measured 7.0 (4.3 to 10.0) × 3.0 (1.8 to 4.3) μm. The length/width ratio of alpha-conidia was 2.3 (1.4 to 4.5). Beta-conidia were hyaline, filiform, hamate, and measured 28.7 (18.2 to 35.7) × 1.8 (1.2 to 2.8) μm. A fungus was consistently isolated from the lesions on acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA, pH 4.5) at 25°C under intermittent fluorescent light (12 h daily). The colonies were floccose, dense, and white, with occasional green-yellow areas; the reverse was colorless with large, black stromata. To induce the production of fruiting bodies, autoclaved soybean stems were placed on the colonies growing on water agar at 25°C in darkness. Pycnidia with long beaks were observed on the stems 7 days later. The fungus was identified as Phomopsis longicolla (2). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the fungus was amplified with universal primers ITS4/ITS5 and sequenced (4). The sequences of two isolates were submitted to GenBank (Accession Nos. JX827608 and JX827609). BLASTn analysis showed that there was 99 to 100% similarity with sequences of P. longicolla deposited in GenBank (EF026104, AY857868, HQ130441, JF309198, JF309199, and AF132796). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on 14-day-old seedlings (cv. Huaxia 3) inoculated by placing mycelial plugs (5 mm in diameter and 4 days old) on slight cuts made on the lower stems (six replicates). The plugs were covered with a piece of wet cotton to maintain moisture. The control seedlings were treated the same but without mycelial plugs. All treated plants were incubated in 25°C in humid champers. Typical brown lesions with black raised pycnidia on the stems were observed 14 days after inoculation and P. longicolla was reisolated from these stem lesions. No disease was observed on control plants. To further verify that the fungus can cause seed decay, seeds were disinfected by 0.02% sodium hypochlorite and inoculated by putting them on the surface of the fungal colonies grown on APDA (pH 4.5) at 25°C. The control seeds were treated the same but without fungal colonies. All of the inoculated seeds decayed within 30 days whereas the control seeds maintained healthy. P. longicolla has been described as a pathogen causing serious stem blight and seed decay on soybean (3). The disease has been previously reported in Heilongjiang Province, northern China, but it was not known elsewhere in China (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. longicolla on soybean in Guangdong Province, southern China. The pathogen may pose a serious threat to the production of soybean in this region of China. References: (1) Y. Cui et al. Plant Pathol. 58:779, 2009. (2) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535, 1985. (3) S. Li et al. Plant Dis. 94:1035, 2010. (4) A. W. Zhang et al. Plant Dis. 81:1143, 1997.
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Vrandecic, K., J. Cosic, D. Jurkovic, L. Riccioni, and T. Duvnjak. "First Report of Phomopsis longicolla on Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) in Croatia." Plant Disease 91, no. 12 (December 2007): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1687b.
Full textAbstract:
Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.; family Asteraceae) is a widespread weed species in eastern Croatia found especially in arable crops including soybean. Symptoms of disease appear after the plants reach physiological maturity. Stems and branches are completely blighted, and on the surface, are covered with minute, black pycnidia embedded in the epidermal tissue of the host and are especially numerous around nodes. More than 100 plants with symptoms were examined. From each plant with symptoms, three pieces of symptomatic tissues (5 to 10 mm) were disinfected and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA), pH 4.5 and 25°C with a 12/12 h of light/dark regimen. The cultural and morphological characteristics of the fungi isolated from X. strumarium corresponded with those described (1) for Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs isolated from soybean. P. longicolla frequency was 3%, while other isolates belonged to other Phomopsis species. To confirm the morphological identification of isolates, molecular identification was performed. DNA of four isolates was extracted from 7-day-old monoconidial cultures grown on PDA. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA were amplified with universal primer ITS4 and ITS5 and sequenced (M-Medical Genenco, Rome). The sequences were aligned with the multiple sequence alignment program ClustalW, showing 100% similarity among them, and a sequence (GenBank Accession No. EF026104) was compared with the ITS sequences available on the database, revealing that it is identical to many P. longicolla isolates. To confirm Koch's postulate, cocklebur plants were infected in the field by applying mycelial plugs (5 mm in diameter) from the margin of 6-day-old cultures to the plant stem. The inoculation point was internodal at the mid-stem. After inoculation, plugs were covered with a piece of cotton wool and aluminum foil. Stem lesions were measured 10 days after inoculation. Mean stem lesions were 15 to 21 mm. A pathogenicity test was also done on soybean cv. Tisa (21-day-old) seedlings by applying mycelium plugs (5 mm) with a sterile scalpel on previously wounded hypocotyls. The inoculate point was covered with wet cotton wool and aluminum foil. After 10 days, mean stem lesions were 18 to 30 mm. The pathogen was always reisolated from the stem lesions. Control plants inoculated by PDA plugs did not exhibit any symptoms. There is a report of P. longicolla on cocklebur in the United States (2) and on other plants from the Asteraceae family. Other weeds such as Abutilon theophrasti Med., were shown to be a host of fungal pathogens belonging to the Phomopsis/Diaporthe complex of soybean (3). Our results also confirm that cocklebur could be a natural inoculum source for Phomopsis seed decay of soybean caused primarily by P. longicolla. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. longicolla being isolated from naturally infected cocklebur in Croatia. References: (1) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535, 1985. (2) K. W. Roy et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 19:193, 1997. (3) K. Vrandecic et al. Plant Pathol. 53:251, 2004.
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Mengistu, Alemu, P. A. Arelli, Nacer Bellaloui, J. P. Bond, G. J. Shannon, A. J. Wrather, J. C. Rupe, et al. "Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Three Seed-borne Diseases." Plant Health Progress 13, no. 1 (January 2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2012-0321-02-rs.
Full textAbstract:
Seed-borne diseases of soybeans caused by Phomopsis longicolla (Phomopsis seed decay), Cercospora kukuchii (purple seed stain), and M. phaseolina (charcoal rot) are economically important diseases that affect seed quality. Commercial cultivars marketed as resistant to all three diseases are not available. Reactions of 27 maturity group (MG) III, 30 early MG IV, 33 late MG IV, and 53 MG V genotypes were evaluated for resistance to these pathogens during the 2006 to 2008 growing season in the same field that had been in no-till production, not irrigated, and naturally and artificially infested. There was great variation in seed infection among genotypes and years, indicating the value of screening genotypes over multiple years. Some genotypes were resistant to these pathogens in one, two, or in all three years. Genotypes, DP 3478 (early MG IV), and RO1-769F (MG V) were resistant and DG4460 was moderately resistant to P. longicolla infection across three years. Genotypes AG3705 and FFR3990 (MG III) and DC20300, DC7816, Stoddard, and Ozark (MG V), were resistant to C. kukuchii infection during all three years. Ten genotypes in MG III, eight in early MG IV, seven in late MG IV, and 14 in MG V had no seed infection by M. phaseolina in all three years. These results indicate that seed infection comparison to these pathogens among genotypes should be made over several years, or false conclusions about resistance to any of the three pathogens may be made when disease is assessed for limited period of time. The genotypes identified as having resistance to each or combinations of the seed-borne diseases across the three years could be useful as a source for resistance in improving soybean seed quality. Accepted for publication 20 December 2012. Published 21 March 2012.
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Gravert, C. E., S. Li, and G. L. Hartman. "Occurrence of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis on Soybean in Illinois." Plant Disease 85, no. 11 (November 2001): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.11.1211a.
Full textAbstract:
Both Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora and D.phaseolorum var. meridionalis cause stem canker on soybean, with D. phaseolorum var. caulivora reported in the northern regions and D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis reported in the southern regions of the United States (1). During the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons, fungi were isolated from soybean plants from growers' fields exhibiting stem canker symptoms. Stem tissue along the margin of the canker was cut into 1- to 5-mm3 pieces, surface-disinfected for 4 min in 0.5% NaOCl solution, rinsed twice, and plated on water or potato dextrose agar (PDA). Fungi of interest were hyphal tipped, grown on PDA at 21°C with 24 h of light, and identified by culture and spore morphology after 3 to 4 weeks. Typical D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis isolates produced white, lanose colonies that turned tan with age. Most of the D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis isolates produced pycnidia with alpha spores and beaked perithecia after 25 to 30 days (2). Brown to black stromata formed in irregular shapes. Of the 16 D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis isolates identified, 11 were from Illinois, 1 each from Indiana and Ohio, and 3 from Kentucky. In Illinois, four isolates were from the northern part of the state, and the rest were from the central and southern areas of the state. In addition to D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, other isolates obtained from soybean plants included D. phaseolorum var. caulivora, D. phaseolorum var. sojae, and Phomopsis longicolla. References: (1) J. A. McGee and D. C. Biddle. Plant Dis. 71:620, 1987. (2) A. W. Zhang et al. Phytopathology 88:1306, 1998.
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Walcott, R. R., D. C. McGee, and M. K. Misra. "Detection of Asymptomatic Fungal Infections of Soybean Seeds by Ultrasound Analysis." Plant Disease 82, no. 5 (May 1998): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.5.584.
Full textAbstract:
Different levels of asymptomatic, seed-borne infection by storage fungi (Aspergillus and Penicillium spp.) or Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) (Phomopsis longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae, and D. phaseolorum var. caulivora) were induced in sub-lots of separate soybean seed lots by incubation of seeds or pods, respectively, for different times at 25°C and at a relative humidity >95%. Seeds were then air-dried to a constant moisture content in the laboratory atmosphere, and each sub-lot was tested for incidence of infection, germination, and moisture content. Individual seeds in each sub-lot also were dropped 10 cm onto a transducer in an ultrasound analyzer. The average peak value of the ultrasound signals for each sub-lot, which indicates the weight of seeds, decreased linearly as the incidence of seed infection by storage fungi (r2 = 0.85) or PSD (r2 =0.82) increased. The slope and width of the signal, which indicates seed softness, increased as seed infection increased for both groups of fungi, although coefficients of determination were lower (r2 ranged from 0.42 to 0.59). Germination values, which decreased as seed infection for both pathogens increased, showed similar but inverse relationships to ultrasound parameters. Peak values of ultrasound signals decreased, and slope and width increased, as seed moisture content increased for sub-lots of soybeans at three levels of infection by Phomopsis seed decay. The potential for ultrasound technology to identify soybean seeds with asymptomatic infections of seed-borne pathogens was thus established.
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Pioli, R. N., E. N. Morandi, and V. Bisaro. "First Report of Soybean Stem Canker Caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora in Argentina." Plant Disease 85, no. 1 (January 2001): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.1.95b.
Full textAbstract:
A soybean stem canker (SSC) outbreak caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. meridionalis Fernández was reported in Santa Fe, Argentina, in 1997 (3). In 1999 an isolate, which was morphologically distinct from D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, was obtained from stems of field-grown soybean plants exhibiting SSC symptoms, at Oliveros, Santa Fe, Argentina (Lat. 32° 33′S, Lon. 60° 51′W). Disease incidence was 76% in the field where samples were collected. The pathogen was isolated in darkness at 25°C on potatoglucose agar acidified with 0.2% lactic acid (3). The isolate produced white colonies with compact and tufted mycelium that changed to yellow and light tan with age. Stromata and pycnidia were not produced. After 35 days in culture, clustered perithecia were frequently observed on stem segments. Fifty asci, five from each of 10 perithecia, and bicellular, biguttulated ascospores were measured. Ascus mean length was 26.9 ± 2.5 μm and width was 5.3 ± 0.5 μm; ascospore mean length was 8.3 ± 0.6 μm and width was 2.6 ± 0.1μm. Based on these features, the new isolate was classified as D. phaseolorum var. caulivora Athou & Caldwell (1). To further compare the new isolate with previous identified ones, a principal component analysis (PCA, SAS Systems) was performed using seven isolates of D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, three isolates of D. phaseolorum var. sojae, and two isolates of Phomopsis longicolla. Seventeen morphological characters, all related with the color and texture of the colonies, the presence and shape of the pycnidia and conidia, the presence and type of stromata and perithecia, and the length of the asci, were compared. According to the PCA analysis, the principal characters that discriminated SSC producing isolates (D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis and D. phaseolorum var. caulivora) from non-SSC producing ones (D. phaseolorum var. sojae and P. longicolla) were the development of perithecia (r = 0.98) and low frequency stromata (r = 0.98) in D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis and D. phaseolorum var. caulivora isolates. The principal components that discriminated SSC producing isolates were the more compact and tufted aspect of the mycelia (r = 0.95) and the shorter length of the asci (r = 0.83) in D. phaseolorum var. caulivora compared with D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis. Pathogenicity trials were performed under greenhouse conditions by inoculating D. phaseolorum var. caulivora mycelia in hypocotyls of soybean seedlings by the toothpick method (2). Typical SSC symptoms were observed on susceptible plants and the pathogen was re-isolated and identified from stem portions of the first internode above the inoculation point. Pathogenicity trials were repeated twice with similar results. This is the first report of D. phaseolorum var. caulivora in Argentina and, as far as we know, in all of South America. References: (1) F. A. Fernández et al. 1999. Stem canker. Pages 32–35 in: Compendium of Soybean Diseases, 4th ed. APS Press, St. Paul, MN. (2) B. L. Keeling. Phytopathology 72:807–809, 1982. (3) R. N. Pioli et al. Plant Dis. 81:1215, 1997.
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Asante, S. N. A., H. Wolffhechel, and E. de Neergaard. "First Report of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis on Soybean Seeds from Ghana." Plant Disease 82, no. 12 (December 1998): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.12.1401a.
Full textAbstract:
Fifty-nine soybean samples (Glycine max) of various varieties, grown in various agro-ecological zones of Ghana, and harvested in 1995 and 1996, were collected during May through June 1996 and sent to Denmark for analysis. Seed samples were analyzed by the blotter method: seeds were placed on three layers of moistened blotter paper in petri dishes, 10 seeds per dish, 200 or 400 seeds per sample. The seeds were incubated for 7 days at 22 ± 2°C, exposed to alternating cycles of 12 h NUV-light and 12 h darkness. Subsequently, they were analyzed microscopically for fungal infection. Phomopsis spp. were detected in 68% of the samples, at infection levels ranging from 0.25 to 21.0% (mean 3.4%). One to five isolates of Phomopsis spp. were selected at random and cultured on potato dextrose agar acidified to pH 4.5 with 90% lactic acid (APDA) for identification to species. Isolates were cultured on APDA, with and without sterile soybean stem pieces, under either NUV-light/darkness or artificial daylight/darkness cycles. Of 103 isolates, 101 isolates produced only pycnidia and were identified as P. longicolla T. W. Hobbs based on the production of aggregated pycnidia with prominent beaks (2). Seventy-seven of these isolates produced only alpha conidia whereas 24 isolates produced both alpha and beta conidia, which differs from the description by Hobbs et al. (2). Two isolates from one seed sample produced perithecia but no pycnidia. Perithecia were evenly scattered in the colony, 200 to 350 × 250 to 400 μm, and had a beak of 900 to 1500 μm. Apical beak width was 60 to 110 μm, basal beak width 70 to 120 μm. Asci were 25.0 to 37.5 × 5.0 to 7.5 μm. Ascospores were two-celled, biguttulate in each cell, and 10.0 to 12.5 × 2.5 to 4.0 μm. Based on the description by Fernández and Hanlin (1), these isolates were identified as Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. meridionalis Fernández (DPM), the causal agent of southern stem canker of soybean, which has not previously been reported from any African country. Ten 14-day-old soybean seedlings were inoculated with an isolate identified as DPM by the toothpick method (3) and two seedlings inoculated with sterile toothpicks served as controls. Local expanding lesions formed after 1 week on all plants at the point of inoculation with DPM; 2 weeks after inoculation, the pathogen was reisolated from all lesions by plating stem pieces, surface sterilized in 1% NaOCl, on APDA. In control plants no lesions were seen and no mycelial growth occurred from stem pieces plated on APDA. References: (1) F. A. Fernández and R. T. Hanlin. Mycologia 88:425, 1996. (2) T. W. Hobbs et al. Mycologia 77:535, 1985. (3) B. L. Keeling. Phytopathology 72:807, 1982.
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Tureli, Canan, and Irem Nur Yesilyurt. "Reproductive biology of Charybdis (Goniohellenus) longicollis Leene, 1938 (Brachyura: Portunidae), in the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey." Indian Journal of Fisheries 66, no. 2 (June 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2019.66.2.80235-03.
Full textAbstract:
The swimming crab, Charybdis (Goniohellenus) longicollis Leene, 1938, is a Lessepsian migrant into the Mediterranean and little is known about its biology in Iskenderun Bay, north-eastern Mediterranean, Turkey. The size of crabs, sex-ratio and spawning period of this species was defined from 951 specimens in order to understand their reproduction and development in the NE Mediterranean Sea. The crabs were found to occur throughout the year. Carapace width (CW) ranged between 7.22 to 100.60 mm and total weight ranged from 1.34 to 164.09 g. Male-female sex ratio was 0.6:1. Highest gonado-somatic index (GSI) was seen in March and September for females and in May for males. Ovigerous females were present throughout the year, with peak spawning activity in July and September. The CW of the ovigerous female crabs ranged between 23.71 and 95.93 mm. In winter months, GSI of males and females decreased. However, spawning season of C. (G.) longicolis in Yumurtalık Cove was observed throughout the year.
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Sun, Xiaodong, Xinglai Cai, Qiangqiang Pang, Man Zhou, Wen Zhang, Yisong Chen, and Qiang Bian. "First Report of Diaporthe longicolla Causing Leaf Spot on Kalanchoe pinnata in China." Plant Disease, June 9, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-20-2681-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. [syn.: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken] is an important medicinal agent in southern China. The succulent leaves of this plant are used in the treatment of cholera, bruises, urinary diseases and whitlow. In Oct. 2019, leaf spots were detected on K. pinnata plants in Chengmai County, Hainan Province, China. Lesions with brown to black margins were irregularly shaped and associated with leaf margins. Spots coalesced to form larger lesions (Fig. S1-A), with black pycnidia present in more mature lesions. Symptomatic K. pinnata were found with 10-20% incidence during the humid winters of Hainan Province. Leaf tissues of 10 symptomatic plants were collected and surface sterilized in 70% ETOH for 30s, 0.1% HgCl2 for 30 s, rinsed 3x with sterile distilled water for 30s, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 30mg/L of kanamycin sulfate, and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 3-5 days. Four fungal isolates were obtained using a single-spore isolation method. The colonies were floccose, dense, and white with forming on older colonies grown on PDA (Fig. S1-B-1&2). Alpha conidia exuded from ostiole, rostrate, long-beaked pycnidia in creamy-to-yellowish drops. Alpha conidia were hyaline, ellipsoidal, separated and averaged 6.3μm (SD ± 1.13) long × 1.9μm (SD ± 0.33) wide (n=50). Beta conidia were not seen. The morphological characteristics matched the previous description of Diaporthe longicolla (syn. Phomopsis longicolla) (Hobbs et al. 1985). Mycelial genomic DNA of the representative isolate LDSG3-2 was extracted as template. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) , translation elongation factor 1α gene (TEF) and β-tubulin (TUB2) regions were amplified. These loci were amplified using primer pairs ITS4/ITS5 (White, et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999) and Bt2a/Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995), respectively. A BLAST search of GenBank showed ITS (MN960195), TEF (MN974483) and TUB2 (MN974482) sequences of the isolate were 99%, 100%, and 99% homologous with D. longicolla strains DL11 (MF125048, 557/563 bp), D55 (MN584792, 347/347 bp) and DPC-HOH-32 (MK161506, 502/504 bp). Maximum likelihood trees based on concatenated nucleotide sequences of the three genes were constructed using MEGA 7.0, and bootstrap values indicated the isolate was D. longicolla (Fig. S1-D). Pathogenicity testing was performed using isolate LDSG3-2 by depositing 5µl droplets of a conidial suspension (1 × 106 ml-1) into 5 artificially wounded leaves (using a sterile needle) of 10 healthy 3-month-old K. pinnata plants. An equal number of artificially wounded control leaves were inoculated with sterile water to serve as a negative control. The test was conducted three times. Plants were kept at 25°C in 80% relative humidity and observed for symptoms. Two weeks after inoculation, no symptoms were observed on control plants (Fig. S1-C-1) and all inoculated plants showed symptoms (Fig. S1-C-2) similar to those observed in the field. The fungus was re-isolated from the infected tissues and showed the same cultural and morphological characteristics of the strain inoculated and could not be isolated from the controls fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot on K. pinnata caused by D. longicolla in China. This disease is of concern since Phomopsis diseases are common in K. pinnata fields and can cause significant reduction in yield. References: White, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(90)90215-J Carbone, I., and Kohn, L. M. 1999. Mycologia. 91:553. DOI: 10.2307/3761358 Glass, N. L., and Donaldson, G. C. 1995. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:1323. DOI: 10.1002/bit.260460112 Hobbs, T. W. et al. 1985. Mycologia. 77: 535. DOI: 10.2307/3793352
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Abdelmagid, Ahmed, Mohamed Hafez, Yvonne Lawley, Pawanpuneet K. Rehal, and Fouad Daayf. "First Report of Pod and Stem Blight and Seed Decay caused by Diaporthe longicolla on Soybean in Western Canada." Plant Disease, September 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-21-0783-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
In Oct. 2019, soybean plants (Glycine max) (cv. 24-10RY, R7 growth stage) with dry rot, necrosis, reddish-brown lesions, and small black fruiting bodies in linear rows were collected from fields in Manitoba (Carman, St. Adolph, Dauphin), Canada. The pods and seeds were shrivelled, small and some seeds were covered with whitish mycelium. Symptoms began as brown lesions, which darkened, elongated, causing wilt of the above stems then plant death. Microscopy showed that the fruiting bodies were pycnidia. Symptomatic stems were cut into 1-2 cm pieces and seeds surface-sterilized in 0.5% NaOCl, rinsed twice in sterilized H2O, air-dried on sterilized filter paper, and plated on PDA medium amended with 100 mg/L streptomycin sulfate at room temperature with 12-h fluorescent light/12-h dark for 3 days. The emerging hyphae were transferred using the hyphal tip method to new PDA petri dishes and incubated for 21 days (room T°). Mycelia of 20 isolates were dense, white and floccose with occasional green-yellow areas. Black stromata in concentric patterns or scattered as large masses were visible on the cultures’ back. Pycnidia formed solely or aggregated after 4-5 weeks of incubation on PDA. Alpha conidia emanated from pycnidia in creamy-to-yellowish drops and were hyaline, non-septate, ellipsoid to fusiform, and biguttulate. The average length and width of Alpha conidia were 5.5 μm and 1.5 μm, respectively (n = 30). No perithecia were seen. The cultures’ morphology was consistent with Phomopsis longicolla’s description (Hobbs et al., 1985). Seven isolates were selected for molecular characterization to confirm their identity by amplifying the ITS region with universal primers ITS4/ITS5 (White et al. 1990). All PCR amplicons were analyzed by electrophoresis through 1.5 % agarose gels and the size of PCR amplicons estimated using 1-kb plus DNA ladder (Thermo Fisher Sci., ON, Canada). PCR amplicons (~650 bp) were purified and sequenced in two directions by Psomagen Inc. (Rockville, MD, USA). ITS sequences were identical for all isolates, and GenBank searches (BLASTn: Altschul et al. 1990) confirmed species identity. ITS sequences (accessions MW466183-MW466189) were deposited in GenBank and matched the type sequence of Diaporthe longicolla strain ATCC 60325 (accession NR_144924) from G. max in USA with identities = 473/475 (99.6%) and gaps = 0/475 (0%). To confirm the pathogenicity of the seven isolates, the stems of V4-stage (four open trifolilates) soybean plants (cv. 24-10RY) were excised using a sterile scalpel. Mycelial plugs (9 mm in diameter) from 1-week-old culture of each isolate were placed over the wounded stems (Abdelmagid et al., 2019). Sterile PDA plugs were used on control plants. Six plants were used per isolate and control. Plugs of both treatments were wrapped with parafilm to avoid drying. The plants were incubated in a humidity chamber for 4 days and then in a greenhouse at 24:16°C day/night, 13:11-h light/dark cycle, and 70-80% relative humidity, and were irrigated as needed. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field were seen on the stems and seeds of all artificially-infected plants approx. 8 weeks after inoculation. Pods and seeds of inoculated plants were shrivelled and small. No symptoms were observed on control plants. Diaporthe longicolla was re-isolated only from the diseased plants and seeds. To our knowledge, this is the first report following Koch’s postulates to identify the causal pathogen of soybean pod and stem blight and seed decay in Western Canada. This will be instrumental in determining the causes of stem decay and contribute in properly dealing with soybean seed issues in Western Canada in the future.