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Relevant bibliographies by topics / C.C.A.E. Special English Programme

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Academic literature on the topic 'C.C.A.E. Special English Programme'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "C.C.A.E. Special English Programme"

1

Aptacy, Janusz. "Rola uniwersytetów ludowych w ekologicznej edukacji młodzieży wiejskiej." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2007.5.1.26.

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This article concerns widely perceived ecological education being provided among country youth by People’s Universities, their homeland is Denmark and M. F. S. Grundvig is concerned to be their father. He observed English educational system and the way of education with the usage of boarding schools and then he transmitted it to Denmark, where at the end of the 18th c. and at the beginning of the 19th century the role of peasants, who reached for power and had their own farms, increased, therefore, there was a necessity to create an integrated educational system for those people. Thiss way of educating was then carried to Poland by Ignacy Solarz and his wife Zofia Solarzowa - that took place in the mid-20th century. A special tribute of these educational institutions was reaching those country groups of people who were hungry for knowledge and social advance. People’s Universities had and have ecological education established in their educational programme. However, this education concerns integrated, harmonic and balanced development of the human being, since, if ecology means the knowledge about the environment, it is the human being that should be the most important, that should be the subject.In this system of educating one is not only concerned in gaining the knowledge, but also in ability to pass the gained knowledge, expressing one’s opinions, ability to make relations with people and with the world. This system is about the most integrated development of a student’s personality, the ecological education must not limit itself just to care about the nature, but it should also take into consideration the human’s psychology, environment in which one was brought up and also the values with which one was fed. That is why this widely taken ecology should not omit religious, cultural and patriotic values. And People’s Universities draw their attention to this kind of values.

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Sugarman, David. "A special relationship? American influences on English legal education, c. 1870–1965." International Journal of the Legal Profession 18, no. 1-2 (July 2011): 7–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2011.630899.

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3

Oram, Richard D. "Royal and Lordly Residence in Scotland c 1050 to c 1250: an Historiographical Review and Critical Revision." Antiquaries Journal 88 (September 2008): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500001372.

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Academic study of eleventh- to thirteenth-century high-status residence in Scotland has been largely bypassed by English debates over origin, function and symbolism. Archaeologists have also been slow to engage with three decades of historical revision of the traditional socioeconomic, cultural and political models upon which their interpretations of royal and lordly residence have drawn. Scottish castle studies concerned with the pre-1250 era continue to be framed by a ‘military architecture’ historio graphical tradition and a view of the castle as an alien artefact imposed on the land by foreign adventurers and a ‘modernizing’ monarchy and native Gaelic nobility. Knowledge and understanding of pre-twelfth-century native high-status sites is rudimentary and derived primarily from often inappropriate analogy with English examples. Discussion of native responses to the imported castle-building culture is founded upon retrospective projection of inappropriate later medieval social and economic models and anachronistic perceptions of military colonialism. Cultural and socio-economic difference is rarely recognized in archaeological modelling and cultural determinism has distorted perceptions of structural form, social status and material values. A programme of interdisciplinary studies focused on specific sites is necessary to provide a corrective to this current situation.

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Ardiah, Vina Ilmi Na'fiul, and Astry Andrianty. "THE IMPROVING STUDENTS’ INTEREST BY USING PUPPET MEDIA at SMALB-C TUTWURI HANDAYANI CIMAHI." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 1, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v1i5.p524-531.

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Education is the main thing for children to gain knowledge in school. In learning English, children with special needs has difficulty in learning. From this analysis, the writers do some research on children who have special needs to creasing their interest, enterprising and easy in learning English at SMALB-C Tutuwuri Handayani Cimahi. Researcher hope, in this research is able to remind people’s awarness and the government to children with special needs in providing education. Because, they have the same rights in education. The reseacher was conducted entitle “The Improving Students’ Interest by Using Puppet Media”. This research, the use puppet media as one of the tools teaching to increase students’ interest and improve their vocabulary in learning English. The use of puppet as media with technique matching the puppet with the word. The reseacher took in class X and XI, in class X there are 2 students and class XI there are 3 students, so we combine there are 5 students. This study used an oral test, obervation checklist and interview for collecting data. Researcher have found the results of the research and observations of the students. The result of the students 75% improve their interst, improved their writing 65 %, improved their speaking 60%, improve their vocabulary and speech 65%, recognize matching puppet process 70%, participate in class 35%. From the observation above, the researcher is conviced that the use of puppet as one of media can increase the students’ interest and vocabulary in learning English.

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Chen, Hui, and Xianze Wu. "A Teaching Experiment of Chinese College Students’ English Idioms Comprehension." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 12, no. 06 (June 27, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i06.7096.

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An English idiom is a special combination of words, the meaning of which is not the simple addition of its constituents but a special meaning. English idioms are widely used by English native speakers, which are very important for English as a second language learners. Chinese learners are poor in English idioms comprehension, and they need to adopt a new method for improving their English idioms comprehension. S-S-P-C model means analyzing an English idiom from syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and cultural perspective, which was applied in a teaching experiment among college students for one semester. The teaching experiment shows that S-S-P-C model is an efficient method for Chinese learners to help improve their English idioms comprehension.

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Codó, Eva, and Jessica McDaid. "English language assistants in the 21st century." Language, Culture and Society 1, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lcs.00017.cod.

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Abstract Although the figure of the English language assistant (ELA) dates back a long while, its current popularity is unprecedented in some areas of the world. Such is the case of Spain, where the goal of raising English standards among the younger generations has become a national obsession. Using critical ethnographic methods, this paper examines the experience of three British LAs placed in secondary schools in Barcelona. It draws on a focused case study of one of them – combined with ethnographic snapshots of the other two, interviews with school teachers and regional programme administrators, relevant programme publications, and social media data. The analysis reveals three major tensions shaping the ELA experience in the 21st century revolving around: (a) the underspecified and unskilled nature of the job; (b) its culturalist imagination and state diplomacy mission; and (c) the native speaker ideology constituting its raison d’être. This paper provides new insights into the intertwining of the ELT infrastructure with global travel and tourism capitalised as skill boosters for employability purposes, and showcases the importance of foreign language education as a soft power tool.

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Vaughn, James M. "John Company Armed: The English East India Company, the Anglo-Mughal War and Absolutist Imperialism, c. 1675–1690." Britain and the World 11, no. 1 (March 2018): 101–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2017.0283.

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During the 1670s and 1680s, the English East India Company pursued an aggressive programme of imperial expansion in the Asian maritime world, culminating in a series of armed assaults on the Mughal Empire. With important exceptions, most scholarship has viewed the Company's coercive imperialism in the later seventeenth century and the First Anglo-Mughal War as the results primarily, if not exclusively, of political and economic conditions in South Asia. This article re-examines and re-interprets this burst of imperial expansion in light of political developments in England and the wider English empire during the later Stuart era. The article contends that the Company's aggressive overseas expansion was pursued for metropolitan and pan-imperial purposes as much as for South Asian ones. The corporation sought to centralise and militarise the English presence in Asia in order both to maintain its control of England's trade to the East and in support of Stuart absolutism. By the eve of the Glorious Revolution, the Company's aggressive imperialism formed part of a wider political project to create an absolute monarchy in England and to establish an autocratic English empire overseas.

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ASAI, KENICHI, and BENJAMIN C. PIERCE. "Special Issue Dedicated to ICFP 2011 Editorial." Journal of Functional Programming 23, no. 4 (July 2013): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796813000129.

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The 16th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP) took place on September 19–21, 2011 in Tokyo, Japan. After the conference, the programme committee, chaired by Olivier Danvy, selected several outstanding papers and invited their authors to submit to this special issue of the Journal of Functional Programming. Kenichi Asai and Benjamin C. Pierce acted as editors for these submissions. This issue includes the three accepted articles, each of which provides substantial new material beyond the original conference version. The selected papers represent the importance of various aspects of proof techniques, from theory to practice, all of which aim at verifying realistic programs.

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Pozo, Pablo, Alberto Grao-Cruces, and Raquel Pérez-Ordás. "Teaching personal and social responsibility model-based programmes in physical education." European Physical Education Review 24, no. 1 (September 2, 2016): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x16664749.

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The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of research on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model-based programme within physical education. Papers selected for analysis were found through searches of Web of Science, SportDiscus (EBSCO), SCOPUS, and ERIC (ProQuest) databases. The keywords ‘responsibility model’ and ‘physical education’ were used in different combinations. The relevant articles were checked for the following criteria: (a) the study has been published in a peer-reviewed international journal; (b) it included Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model-based programme implementation; (c) programmes were implemented within physical education classes; and (d) the full text was available in English or Spanish. The quality of the selected studies was scored using a quality assessment list. Twenty-two papers that satisfied the selection criteria were identified. A practical analysis of these papers to present the results placed them into three categories: (a) impact of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model-based programme on teachers; (b) programme implementation features; and (c) outcomes of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility-based programme on student participants. Longer studies with follow-up data, quantitative methodological designs, and larger samples would be particularly important for future investigations.

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Miller, Rhonda D., and Antonis Katsiyannis. "Students With Limited English Proficiency." Intervention in School and Clinic 50, no. 2 (July 26, 2013): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053451213496161.

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How to address the educational needs of students with limited English proficiency (LEP) is a particularly challenging and often controversial endeavor. Failure to address the needs of students with LEP often results in denial of meaningful educational opportunities and leads to disproportionate representation in special education programs. This article reviews relevant legislation and litigation regarding students with LEP and provides recommendations for improved practice. The case law reviewed addresses (a) equal opportunities for all students, regardless of native language, English language proficiency, or disabilities, (b) nondiscriminatory assessments, (c) assessments done in a timely fashion, and (d) parental involvement.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "C.C.A.E. Special English Programme"

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Hadfield, Andrew David. "The English conception of Ireland, c.1540-c.1600, with special reference to the works of Edmund Spenser." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329738.

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Dearnley, Elizabeth Claire. "French-English translation 1189-c.1450, with special reference to translators and their prologues." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609530.

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Wabuda, Susan Ruth. "The provision of preaching during the early English Reformation, with special reference to itineration, c.1530 to 1547." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272973.

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Colclough, David. "#Of the alleadging of authors' : the construction and reception of textual authority in English prose, c. 1600-1630; with special reference to the writings of Francis Bacon, John Hoskyns and John Donne." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320986.

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Books on the topic "C.C.A.E. Special English Programme"

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Hadfield, Andrew David. The English conception of Ireland, c.1540 - c.1600, with special reference to the works of Edmund Spenser. (s.l: The Author), 1988.

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Hadfield, Andrew David. The English conception of Ireland, c.1540 - c.1600, with special reference to the works of Edmund Spenser. (s.l: The Author), 1988.

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3

Pessoa, Fernando. Poesias de Álvaro de Campos: E dos seus heterónimos Bernardo Soares e C. Pacheco : seguidasde Fernando Pessoa e os seus heterónimos em textos seleccionados do poeta, incidindo em special sobre A. Campos. Mem Martins: Publicações Europa-America, 1986.

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4

Willmott, Phil. Dick Barton, special agent: Dick Barton and the curse of the pharaoh's tomb. London: Oberon, 1999.

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5

Lawrence, H. Lea. A Hemingway odyssey: Special places in his life. Nashville, Tenn: Cumberland House Pub., 1999.

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6

The Carnival almanac and official programme: Illustrated, ice castle, Egyptian condora, coasting scenes &c., astronomicaloccurences and miscellaneous matter, calculated for the continent of Americaand Europe. Montreal: International Railway Printing and Publishing, 1986.

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7

Phillips, Justin. C. S. Lewis at the Bbc: Messages of Hope in the Darkness of War. Marshall Pickering, 2003.

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8

Phillips, Justin. C. S. Lewis at the Bbc: Messages of Hope in the Darkness of War. HarperCollins Publishers, 2003.

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9

Phillips, Justin. C. S. Lewis at the Bbc: Messages of Hope in the Darkness of War. Marshall Pickering, 2003.

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C. S. Lewis at the Bbc: Messages of Hope in the Darkness of War. HarperCollins Publishers, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "C.C.A.E. Special English Programme"

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Bremmer Jr., Rolf H. "Shame and Honour in Anglo-Saxon Hagiography, with Special Reference to Ælfric's Lives of Saints." In Hagiography in Anglo-Saxon England: Adopting and Adapting Saints' Lives into Old English Prose (c. 950-1150), 95–120. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tema-eb.4.01015.

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2

Raine, Tim, George Collins, Catriona Hall, Nina Hjelde, James Dawson, Stephan Sanders, and Simon Eccles. "Prescribing." In Oxford Handbook for the Foundation Programme, 169–82. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198813538.003.0004.

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This chapter explores prescribing, including general considerations in prescribing, how to prescribe, best practice, drug interactions, reporting adverse drug reactions, special considerations, controlled drugs, enzyme inducers and inhibitors, endocarditis prophylaxis, night sedation, steroid therapy, topical corticosteroids, empirical antibiotic treatment, and Clostridium difficile (C. diff).

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3

Taylor, Reid, and Carol Fleres. "A Primer on the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act and Advocacy for Students Who Are Culturally and Linguistically Diverse." In Handbook of Research on Engaging Immigrant Families and Promoting Academic Success for English Language Learners, 46–65. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8283-0.ch003.

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Well prepared educators are essential to the identification and delivery of services to students who have disabilities, most especially when it comes to students who are culturally and linguistically diverse (C/LD). Professionals must be aware of the requirements in IDEIA and assure that multiple and appropriate assessments are used in determining whether C/LD students are, in fact, disabled before being assigned to special education. This chapter identifies current issues such as the under and over identification of certain students who are C/LD in special education, second language acquisition, and the evaluation of children whose primary language is not English. It is a tool to assist professionals in assessing students who are C/LD and in educating families and guiding them to advocate for the provision of supported interventions in general education, appropriate assessment, and educational planning. Recommendations for advocating for students who are C/LD are presented and discussed.

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4

Alcorn, Rhona, Joanna Kopaczyk, Bettelou Los, and Benjamin Molineaux. "Historical Dialectology and the Angus McIntosh Legacy." In Historical Dialectology in the Digital Age, 1–16. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430531.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an overview of the historical text corpora and digital repositories hosted by the Angus McIntosh Centre for Historical Linguistics and created by its predecessor, the Institute of Historical Dialectology: A Linguistic Atlas of Late Middle English (LALME), and its remodelled electronic version eLALME; A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English (LAEME), A Linguistic Atlas of Older Scots (LAOS) and The Corpus of Narrative Etymologies from Proto-Old English to Early Middle English (CoNE). The chapter also highlights related resources created at the University of Stavanger, most prominently the Middle English Scribal Texts programme (MEST), and its offshoot, The Middle English Grammar Corpus (MEG-C), which provides tagged and annotated diplomatic transcriptions of 410 LALME texts; and the Corpus of Middle English Local Documents (MELD) which comprises transcriptions of over 2000 fifteenth-century documents.

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Farrell, Michael, Briony Larance, and Courtney Breen. "Opioids." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, edited by John R. Geddes, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Guy M. Goodwin, 507–18. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0051.

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As with other substances of dependence, prolonged exposure to moderate or high dosages of pharmaceutical or illicit opioids can result in people developing the chronic, often relapsing, condition known as opioid dependence. Opioid dependence has profound social effects on the person and the people around them. The major health consequences include increased risk of blood-borne virus infections, such as HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B, through injection and drug overdose, with highly elevated risks of premature mortality. The chronic nature of opioid dependence results in repeated treatment episodes and prolonged treatment need. The aims of any opioid treatment programme should be guided by the principles of reducing or ceasing non-prescribed opioid use, preventing future harms, minimizing mortality risk, and improving quality of life and well-being. Opioid agonist (maintenance) treatments, typically methadone or buprenorphine, used at the optimal dose range, are effective and lifesaving treatments. However, they remain controversial. This chapter examines key clinical considerations, including assessment and diagnosis, comorbidity, social issues, risk, and special considerations.

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Winterbottom, Michael. "William of Malmesbury’s Work on the Declamationes maiores." In Papers on Quintilian and Ancient Declamation, edited by Antonio Stramaglia, Francesca Romana Nocchi, and Giuseppe Russo, 252–63. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836056.003.0021.

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The English historian William of Malmesbury (died c.1142) wrote in various genres, including the celebrated Gesta regum Anglorum and Gesta pontificum Anglorum, the ‘deeds’ of the kings and bishops of the English, and was enormously well read in the classical and patristic Latin available to him. This paper was published in 2014. It concerns William’s annotations, in MS Oxford, Bodleian Library, Rawlinson G. 139, of the Major Declamations wrongly attributed to Quintilian. It discusses the textual affinities of the manuscript itself, and then some of the passages where William made conjectures on the text. Five of them anticipate modern conjectures, but William often puts his finger on a problem even when he cannot solve it. The paper also discusses a special Nota sign used by William some thirty times to signal passages whose content interested him, and suggests why they may have caught his attention.

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DiSavino, Elizabeth. "7. Introduction by Elizabeth DiSavino." In Katherine Jackson French, 139–40. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178523.003.0008.

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By at least one account, Katherine Jackson had, by 1909, accumulated over sixty ballads (five more than were included in Campbell and Sharp’s 1917 English Folk Songs from the Southern Appalachians) and set about compiling them in a scholarly manner. Sadly, a large number of those ballads were lost over the years, and fewer than half remain today. I have included everything that remains of the collection, a total of twenty-eight ballads (twenty-five of British origin and three native) in forty-three variants, one thirteenth-century song, and one Appalachian tune. Four versions of Jackson’s ballad collection can be found in the Berea College Special Collections and Archives, and almost all the ballads printed in this book can be found in one of those four versions. A few had migrated to other collections, including those of Gladys Jameson, James Watt Raine, and E. C. Perrow. I have noted the collection or collections from which each song comes, and I have edited Jackson’s introduction by weaving together parts from several versions of her manuscript....

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Oreskes, Naomi. "Drift Mechanisms in the 1920s." In The Rejection of Continental Drift. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117325.003.0010.

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The final chapter of the third edition of The Origin of Continents and Oceans was devoted to the dynamic causes of drift, and Wegener’s tone in these final fifteen pages was decidedly more tentative than in the rest. Frankly acknowledging the huge uncertainties surrounding this issue, he proceeded on the basis of a phenomenological argument. Mountains, Wegener pointed out, are not randomly distributed: they are concentrated on the western and equatorial margins of continents. The Andes and Rockies, for example, trace the western margins of North and South America; the Alps and the Himalayas follow a latitudinal trend on their equatorial sides of Europe and Asia. If mountains are the result of compression on the leading edges of drifting continents, then the overall direction of continental drift must be westward and equatorial. Continental displacements are not random, as the English word drift might imply, but coherent. This coherence had been the inspiration for an earlier version of drift proposed by the American geologist Frank Bursley Taylor (1860–1938). A geologist in the Glacial Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under T. C. Chamberlin, Taylor was primaril known for his work on the Pleistocene geology of the Great Lakes region. But his knowledge extended beyond regional studies: as a special student at Harvard, he had studied geology and astronomy; as a survey geologist under the influence of Chamberlin and G. K. Gilbert, he had published a number of articles on theoretical problems. One of these was an 1898 pamphlet outlining a theory of the origin of the moon by planetary capture; in 1903, Taylor developed his theoretical ideas more fully in a privately published book. Turning the Darwin–Fisher fissiparturition hypothesis on its head, Taylor proposed that the moon had not come from the earth but had been captured by it after the close approach of a cornet. Once caught, (lie tidal effect of the moon increased the speed of the earth’s rotation and pulled the continents away from the poles toward the equator. In 1910, Taylor pursued the geological implications of this idea in an article in the Bulletin of the Geological Society of America entitled “Bearing of the Tertiary Mountain Belt on the Origin of the Earth’s Plan.”

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Conference papers on the topic "C.C.A.E. Special English Programme"

1

Guidez, J., L. Martin, and R. Dupraz. "Advanced In-Service Inspection Approaches Applied to the Phe´nix Fast Breeder Reactor." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89711.

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The safety upgrading of the Phenix plant undertaken between 1994 and 1997 involved a vast inspection programme of the reactor, the external storage drum and the secondary sodium circuits in order to meet the requirements of the defence-in-depth safety approach. The three lines of defence were analysed for every safety related component: demonstration of the quality of design and construction, appropriate in-service inspection and controlling the consequences of an accident. The in-service reactor block inspection programme consisted in controlling the core support structures and the high-temperature elements. Despite the fact that limited consideration had been given to inspection constraints during the design stage of the reactor in the 1960’s, as compared to more recent reactor projects such as the European Fast Reactor (EFR), all the core support line elements were able to be inspected. The three following main operations are described: Ultrasonic inspection of the upper hangers of the main vessel, using small transducers able to withstand temperatures of 130 °C. Inspection of the conical shell supporting the core diagrid. A specific ultrasonic method and a special implementation technique were used to control the under sodium structure welds, located up to several meters away from the scan surface. Remote inspection of the hot pool structures, particularly the core cover plug after partial sodium drainage of the reactor vessel. Other inspections are also summarized: control of secondary sodium circuit piping, intermediate heat exchangers, primary sodium pumps, steam generator units and external storage drum. The pool type reactor concept, developed in France since the 1960’s, presents several favourable safety and operational features. The feedback from the Phenix plant also shows real potential for in-service inspection. The design of future generation IV sodium fast reactors will benefit from the experience acquired from the Phenix plant.

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2

Weber, G., L. Bosland, F. Funke, G. Glowa, and T. Kanzleiter. "ASTEC, COCOSYS, and LIRIC Interpretation of the Iodine Behaviour in the Large-Scale THAI Test Iod-9." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75414.

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The large-scale iodine test Iod-9 of the German THAI programme was jointly interpreted by means of post-test analyses within the THAI Circle of the SARNET/WP16. In this test, molecular iodine (I2) was injected into the vessel dome of the 60 m3 THAI vessel to observe the evolution of its distribution between water, gas, and surfaces. The main processes addressed in Iod-9 are (a) mass transfer of I2 between the gas and the two sumps, (b) iodine transport in the main sump when it is stratified and then mixed, and (c) I2 adsorption onto, and desorption from, the vessel walls in the presence and absence of wall condensation. The codes applied by the THAI Circle partners were ASTEC-IODE (IRSN), COCOSYS-AIM (GRS) and LIRIC (AECL). IODE and AIM are semi-empirical iodine models integrated in the lumped-parameter codes ASTEC and COCOSYS respectively. With both codes multi-compartment iodine calculations can be performed. LIRIC is a mechanistic iodine model for single stand-alone calculations. The simulation results are compared with each other and with the experimental measurements. Special issues that were encountered during this work were studied in more detail: I2 diffusion in the sump water, I2 reaction with the steel of the vessel wall in gaseous and aqueous phases, and I2 mass transfer from the gas to the sump. Iodine transport and behaviour in THAI test Iod-9 are fairly well simulated by ASTEC-IODE, COCOSYS-AIM and LIRIC in post-test calculations. The measured iodine behaviour is well understood and all measured data are found to be consistent. The very slow iodine transport within the stratified main sump was simulated with COCOSYS only, in a qualitative way. Consequently, this work highlighted the need to improve modelling of (a) the wet iodine adsorption and the washdown from the walls, (b) the I2 mass transfer between gas and sump, and (c) the I2/steel reaction in the gaseous and aqueous phases. In any case, the analysis of the large-scale iodine test Iod-9 has been an important validation step for the codes applied.

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3

Fellingham, Lorimer, Philippe Michou, and Bruno Alquier. "Assessment of the Impact of Restricted Transport on the Management of Spent Fuel in North-West Russia." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4902.

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The Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions of north-west Russia produce large amounts of spent nuclear fuel. These arise from the Kola Nuclear Power Plant, nuclear propulsion units in icebreaker and container ships of the Murmansk Shipping Company, but mostly from the submarines of the Russian Navy’s Northern Fleet. Many marine vessels have been withdrawn from service, but retain their final fuel charges. There are more than 300 reactors and 57500 spent fuel assemblies. Some fuel has been sent to the RT-1 reprocessing plant at the Mayak. However, most marine fuel remains stored in old temporary and effectively full surface or floating facilities around the Kola Peninsula. Damaged, experimental and liquid metal reactor fuel cannot be reprocessed. This creates special problems for handling, transportation and final disposal. It is against this background that the study reported was undertaken. It was part of the European Commission’s TACIS programme and was aimed at improving the safety of radioactive waste management in north-west Russia. Its prime objectives were to identify the factors restricting spent fuel transport from the region to Mayak and potentially suitable storage and reprocessing facilities. Options were to be developed and costed for restoring effective transportation. Their implementation was to lead to safe interim storage of a limited amount of spent fuel in the north-west of Russia. The north-west region is a large, remote area with a harsh terrain and climate. Fuel is stored in two main areas: the Kola Peninsula and the Arkhangelsk region, which are approximately 1,000 km apart. There is a limited transport infrastructure, but the marine facilities have sea access. Hence fuel movement is predominantly by sea to railheads and then rail to Mayak. Road transport is limited, but important for local linking. Routine transportation of spent fuel to Mayak has been restricted by several factors. These include technical, financial and organisational issues. However, the main ones are a lack of available transportation means in both capability and capacity, problems created by the poor state of some fuel, the inadequate safety of the current storage facilities and inadequate interim and buffer storage capacity. Three main types of shipment option were identified: A) regular shipments with storage at existing sites; B) shipments immediately upon arising; and C) regular shipments to Mayak with optimised construction of additional storage capacity in line with demand. Each option was judged on whether it could provide real improvements in radiological and nuclear safety and/or aid the rapid and cost effective defuelling of inadequate existing storage facilities. An optimisation study was performed considering different defuelling, shipping and rail movement rates, and interim and buffer storage capacities, utilisation and locations. The conclusion was that two options could provide similar good solutions. These were: i) Option A.2/C.2 — regular shipment with interim storage of spent fuel at three key node locations: Kola, Murmansk and Severodvinsk; ii) Option B — immediate shipment upon arising. The final choice depends on the capacity of the Mayak plant to receive and reprocess the fuel and the public acceptability of constructing large new, spent fuel stores in north-west Russia. Given the major uncertainties over Mayak’s capacity to store and reprocess submarine fuel, options A.2/C.2 may be optimum.

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