Journal articles: 'C-BAM'

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Lei, Jintang, Xun Cai, Xiaodan Ma, Li Zhang, Yuwen Li, Xue Dong, Joseph St Geme, and Guoyu Meng. "Recombinant expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis ofHaemophilus influenzaeBamD and BamCD complex." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 71, no. 2 (January 28, 2015): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x14027319.

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The Bam machinery, which is highly conserved from bacteria to humans, is well recognized as the apparatus responsible for the insertion and folding of most outer membrane proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. InEscherichia coli, the Bam machinery consists of five components (i.e.BamA, BamB, BamC, BamD and BamE). In comparison, there are only four partners inHaemophilus influenzae: a BamB homologue is not found in its genome. In this study, the recombinant expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis ofH. influenzaeBamD and BamCD complex are reported. The genes encoding BamC and BamD were cloned into a pET vector and expressed inE. coli. Affinity, ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography were used to obtain high-purity protein for further crystallographic characterization. Using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique, BamD and BamCD protein crystals of suitable size were obtained using protein concentrations of 70 and 50 mg ml−1, respectively. Preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the BamD crystals diffracted to 4.0 Å resolution and belonged to space groupP212121, with unit-cell parametersa= 54.5,b= 130.5,c= 154.7 Å. The BamCD crystals diffracted to 3.8 Å resolution and belonged to space groupI212121, with unit-cell parametersa= 101.6,b= 114.1,c= 234.9 Å.

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Gu, Yinghong, Yi Zeng, Zhongshan Wang, and Changjiang Dong. "BamA β16C strand and periplasmic turns are critical for outer membrane protein insertion and assembly." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 23 (November 21, 2017): 3951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170636.

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Outer membrane (OM) β-barrel proteins play important roles in importing nutrients, exporting wastes and conducting signals in Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are inserted and assembled into the OM by OMP85 family proteins. In Escherichia coli, the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) contains four lipoproteins such as BamB, BamC, BamD and BamE, and one OMP BamA, forming a ‘top hat’-like structure. Structural and functional studies of the E. coli BAM machinery have revealed that the rotation of periplasmic ring may trigger the barrel β1C–β6C scissor-like movement that promote the unfolded OMP insertion without using ATP. Here, we report the BamA C-terminal barrel structure of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium str. LT2 and functional assays, which reveal that the BamA's C-terminal residue Trp, the β16C strand of the barrel and the periplasmic turns are critical for the functionality of BamA. These findings indicate that the unique β16C strand and the periplasmic turns of BamA are important for the outer membrane insertion and assembly. The periplasmic turns might mediate the rotation of the periplasmic ring to the scissor-like movement of BamA β1C–β6C, triggering the OMP insertion. These results are important for understanding the OMP insertion in Gram-negative bacteria, as well as in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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Lee, James, Holly A. Sutterlin, Joseph S. Wzorek, Michael D. Mandler, Christine L. Hagan, Marcin Grabowicz, David Tomasek, et al. "Substrate binding to BamD triggers a conformational change in BamA to control membrane insertion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 10 (February 20, 2018): 2359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711727115.

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The β-barrel assembly machine (Bam) complex folds and inserts integral membrane proteins into the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The two essential components of the complex, BamA and BamD, both interact with substrates, but how the two coordinate with each other during assembly is not clear. To elucidate aspects of this process we slowed the assembly of an essential β-barrel substrate of the Bam complex, LptD, by changing a conserved residue near the C terminus. This defective substrate is recruited to the Bam complex via BamD but is unable to integrate into the membrane efficiently. Changes in the extracellular loops of BamA partially restore assembly kinetics, implying that BamA fails to engage this defective substrate. We conclude that substrate binding to BamD activates BamA by regulating extracellular loop interactions for folding and membrane integration.

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Hart, Elizabeth M., Meera Gupta, Martin Wühr, and Thomas J. Silhavy. "The gain-of-function allelebamAE470Kbypasses the essential requirement for BamD in β-barrel outer membrane protein assembly." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 31 (July 16, 2020): 18737–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007696117.

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The outer membrane (OM) of gram-negative bacteria confers innate resistance to toxins and antibiotics. Integral β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) function to establish and maintain the selective permeability of the OM. OMPs are assembled into the OM by the β-barrel assembly machine (BAM), which is composed of one OMP—BamA—and four lipoproteins—BamB, C, D, and E. BamB, C, and E can be removed individually with only minor effects on barrier function; however, depletion of either BamA or BamD causes a global defect in OMP assembly and results in cell death. We have identified a gain-of-function mutation,bamAE470K, that bypasses the requirement for BamD. AlthoughbamD::kanbamAE470Kcells exhibit growth and OM barrier defects, they assemble OMPs with surprising robustness. Our results demonstrate that BamD does not play a catalytic role in OMP assembly, but rather functions to regulate the activity of BamA.

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Gavalchin, Jerrie, and Stanley E. Katz. "The Persistence of Fecal-Borne Antibiotics in Soil." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 2 (March 1, 1994): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.2.481.

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Abstract One aspect of the use of antibiotics in animal agriculture, which to date has received modest attention, concerns the effects of antibiotics excreted by animals upon the environment. The persistence of 7 antibiotics that are commonly used in feeds was studied in a typical agricultural soil. The antibiotics studied were bacitracin (BAC), penicillin (PEN), streptomycin (STR), tylosin (TYL), bambermycins (BAM), erythromycin (ERY), and chlortetracycline (CTC). The level incorporated into the soil with feces was 5.6 μg antibiotic/g soil. After incubation in soil for 30 days at 30°C, 44% of CTC and 23% of BAC remained; however, no detectable amounts of TYL, ERY, BAM, STR, and PEN remained. At 20°C, 88% of CTC, 33% of BAC, and 25% of ERY remained after 30 days; however, no STR, BAM, TYL, and PEN could be found. At 4°C, essentially all of the CTC, ERY, and BAM; 23% of BAC; and 40% of TYL remained after 30 days; however, PEN and STR were undetectable.

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6

Li, Jinshan, Robert Sinclair, Stephen S. Rosenblum, and Hidetaka Hayashi. "Reaction-mediated texturing of barium ferrite magnetic thin films on ZnO underlayer." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 9 (September 1995): 2343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2343.

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Using facing target sputtering, crystalline magnetoplumbite-type barium ferrite (BaFe12O19 or BaM) thin films have been prepared in situ at a substrate temperature of 640 °C without postdeposition annealing. Using our facing target sputtering system, BaM thin films grow randomly if they are directly deposited onto Si or thermally oxidized Si substrates. However, deposited onto a sputtered ZnO layer (∼230 Å) on Si substrates, BaM thin films show excellent c-axis out-of-plane texture with a 0.2°c-axis dispersion angle, as indicated by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) reveals that the textured films epitaxially grow on a transition layer, which is formed between BaM and ZnO. No direct epitaxial relation between BaM and ZnO was observed. This transition layer is identified by TEM and XRD as ZnFe2O4, which, from a structure point of view, reduces the lattice mismatch between BaM and ZnO, and also enhances the c-axis out-of-plane epitaxial growth. ZnFe2O4 is a reaction product of BaM and ZnO, as indicated by both TEM and XRD. After ex situ annealing the film in air at 800 °C, the ZnFe2O4 layer becomes thicker at the expense of BaM and ZnO. The lattice parameters of both BaM and ZnO decreased as annealing time increased.

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7

Ravichandran, D., R. Roy, W. B. White, and S. Erdei. "Synthesis and characterization of sol-gel derived hexa-aluminate phosphors." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 3 (March 1997): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0119.

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Two refractory phosphors, BaMg2Al16O27: Eu2+ (BAM) and MgAl11O17.5: Ce3+, Tb3+ (MAO), have been synthesized both by the conventional solid-state processing route (using oxides as the starting materials) and by reacting precursors made by the sol-gel process using organic precursors. The phases formed were reacted at 1000 °C in (a) steam and (b) steam + AlF3. The phosphors were well crystallized with particle sizes in the range of 1–10 μm. The emission spectra showed the characteristic broad band blue emission of Eu2+ for BAM and a narrow band green luminescence of Tb3+ for MAO. The melting points of BAM and MAO were measured to be 1920 ± 20 °C and 1950 ± 20 °C, respectively, using an Ir-strip furnace and optical pyrometer. BAM and MAO phosphor materials are congruently and incongruently melting, respectively. Excellent crystallization via the sol-gel route was found even at 1220 °C. Enhancement of the luminescent output by the steam treatment by some 25% was determined.

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8

Al-Hwaitat, Eman S., Mohammad K. Dmour, Ahmad S. Masadeh, Ibrahim Bsoul, Yazan Maswadeh, and Sami H. Mahmood. "Effects of pH value and Sintering Temperature on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Barium Hexaferrites Prepared by Co-Precipitation." Material Science Research India 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/180105.

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Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19; M-type; BaM) is an important, cost effective magnetic material for permanent magnet applications. The magnetic properties of the prepared samples, and the purity of the BaM phase depend critically on the synthesis route and experimental conditions. In this study, BaM hexaferrites were prepared by co-precipitation method using two different values of pH for the precursor solutions (11.0 and 12.5), and sintering pellets of the co-precipitates at 860, 920 and 990°C.The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the samples prepared with pH = 12.5 consisted of a single BaM phase at all sintering temperatures. However, the patterns of the samples with pH = 11.0 did not reveal the existence of BaM at 860°C, whereasa major BaM phase (86 – 87 wt.%) was observed at 920 and 990°C with a minor α-Fe2O3 phase. The thermo magnetic curves confirmed the BaM magnetic phase in the samples. The hysteresis loops of the BaM samples showed characteristics of hard magnetic materials with relatively high saturation magnetization. Analysis of the magnetic data indicated an intrinsic coercivity Hci~ 5 kOe for all samples, and a saturation specific magnetization in the range σs = 56.0 – 66.3 emu/g, which are suitable for permanent magnet applications. The practical coercivity (HcB), residual induction (Br) and maximum energy product (BH)max of the samples with pH = 12.5 are higher than those of the samples with pH = 11.0, and the highest magnetic parameters of HcB = 1871 Oe, Br = 2384 G, and (BH)max = 8.92 kJ/m3 were observed for the sample with pH = 12.5 and sintered at 860°C.

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9

Chen, M. S., Z. X. Shen, X. Y. Liu, and J. Wang. "Raman and magnetization studies of barium ferrite powder prepared by water-in-oil microemulsion." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 2 (February 2000): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0072.

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Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the formation of BaFe12O19 (BaM) powders derived from water-in-oil microemulsion at different calcination temperatures. With increase in the calcination temperature, the Raman spectra of the BaM powders become narrower and stronger without apparent frequency shifts of the Raman bands. The calcination temperature dependence of the Raman spectra and the magnetic properties of the BaM powders result from the crystallization rather than size effect. Our results show that there is a strong correlation between the crystallinity and the magnetic properties, which could be explained in terms of the crystallization effect on the superexchange interaction between ferric ions. The γ–Fe2O3 phase occurred in the BaM precursor and the powder calcined at 500 °C. The α–Fe2O3 phase was developed in the powders calcined at 500, 600, and 700 °C, which was not detected by x-ray diffraction. With increasing calcination temperature, the γ–Fe2O3 phase can either react with oxide containing barium to form the BaM phase or transform to the α–Fe2O3 phase. The amount of α–Fe2O3 decreases due to reaction with BaCO3 to form BaM phase at higher calcination temperature.

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10

Leistikow, Dean, and Ren-Raw Chen. "Carry Cost Rate Regimes and Futures Hedge Ratio Variation." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12020078.

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This paper tests whether the traditional futures hedge ratio (hT) and the carry cost rate futures hedge ratio (hc) vary in accordance with the Sercu and Wu (2000) and Leistikow et al. (2019) “hc” theory. It does so, both within and across high and low spot asset carry cost rate (c) regimes. The high and low c regimes are specified by asset across time and across currency denominations. The findings are consistent with the theory. Within and across c regimes, hT is inefficient and hc is biased. Across c regimes, hc’s Bias Adjustment Multiplier (BAM) does not vary significantly. Even though hc’s bias-adjusted variant’s BAM is restricted to old data that is from a different c regime, the hedging performance of hc and its bias-adjusted variant (=hc × BAM), are superior to that for hT. Variation in c may account for the hT variation noted in the literature and variation in c should be incorporated into ex ante hedge ratios.

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11

Azis, Raba’ah Syahidah, Mansor Hashim, Zakaria Azmi, Hassan Jumiah, Noruzaman Daud, Nuraine Mariana Mohd Shahrani, and Pua Chong Siang. "Magnetic Properties and Microstructures of Cobalt Substituted Barium Hexaferrites Derived from Steel Waste Product via Mechanical Alloying Technique." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.388.

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The mechanical alloying technique was used to prepare barium hexaferrite (BaM) with 3, 5, 10 and 20 wt% cobalt oxide (Co3O4). In this work, steel waste flakes were cold-rolling steel mill for several hours to form a fine powder. The steel waste powder was purified by using magnetic separation to isolate the magnetic and non magnetic particles. The method was continued for Curie temperature separation technique to separate the magnetic ions by varied Curie temperature of the magnetic powder. The purified powder was then oxidize at 500 °C at 6 °C/mins to form hematite, Fe2O3. The steel waste-derived hematite was used as the raw material in preparing BaM ferrites. The BaCO3, Fe2O3 and different percentages of Co3O4 (Co) were mixed and milled for several hours by using mechanical alloying. The powder were pelletised in 11 × 1 mm (diameter × height) and the sintered at 1200 °C for 10 hours. The addition of Co2+/3+ ions to the BaM shows a varying in the magnetic properties of BaM. By increasing the Co doping, the remanence Mr was reduced from 17.6 emu/g to 6.2 emu/g. The coercivity Hc results varying magnitude from 102 Oe to 1079 Oe. The Mr and Hc of undoped BaM is obtain at 14.6 emu/g and 860 Oe, respectively. The grain size of BaM also increases with Co doping. The densities of the compounds are decreasing with increasing Co doping with a maximum value of 4.2 g/cm3.

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12

Huang, Zhao Lin, Bin Peng, Ke Tan, Wen Xu Zhang, and Wan Li Zhang. "Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Barium Hexaferrite Thick Films Prepared by Screen Printing Method." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.51.

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In this paper, barium hexaferrite thick films with thickness of 80 microns were prepared on alumina substrates by screen printing method for applications in self-biased planar microwave devices. The influences of sintering temperature on the microstructures and magnetic properties of barium ferrite (BaM) thick films were investigated. The results show that with the increase of sintering temperature, the grain size increases and the porosity of the BaM thick films decreases. When the sintering temperature is below 1200 °C, the BaM thick films show magnetic properties with coercive force of about 3.5 kOe and magnetization at 20 KOe (4πM20kOe) of about 1750 Gs. When the sintering temperature is greater than 1200 °C, the magnetic properties deteriorate remarkably and exhibit a coercive force of 0.4 kOe and 4πM20kOe of about 480 Gs due to the over-sintering and diffusion of Al atoms into the BaM thick films. A new non-ferromagnetic phase Al13Ba7 is formed, which is detected by XRD.

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MAKS, NICOLE, and TONG-JEN FU. "Evaluation of PCR Detection of Salmonella in Alfalfa Sprouts and Spent Irrigation Water Collected during Sprouting of Naturally Contaminated Seed." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-155.

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This study evaluated the efficacy of a PCR-based system (DuPont Qualicon BAX) for detection of Salmonella in sprouts and spent irrigation water collected during sprouting of seeds naturally contaminated with Salmonella. Alfalfa seeds were grown in Mason jars at 20 and 30°C for 3 days. Levels of Salmonella present in the water and sprouts were determined by most-probable-number (MPN) analysis. Background microflora levels were also determined. Samples of spent irrigation water and sprouts were enriched overnight individually in tetrathionate broth and in buffered peptone water with novobiocin at 42°C and then run in the BAX system. Samples were also enriched according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA BAM) method for Salmonella as a comparison. Salmonella levels were lower at 20°C compared with 30°C for some trials, and background microflora levels ranged from 107 to 108 CFU/g or ml at 20°C and 108 to 109 CFU/g or ml at 30°C. In trials with a Salmonella level >1.1 MPN/g or ml, both the BAX and FDA BAM methods were able to detect Salmonella in all samples. In trials with lower levels (0.21 MPN/g or ml or lower) of Salmonella, BAX was able to detect more positive samples than FDA BAM. For one trial with <0.003 MPN/g or ml of Salmonella, the presence of the pathogen was not indicated by either the BAX or the FDA BAM method. The results suggest that PCR detected low levels of Salmonella in sprouts or spent irrigation water collected from sprouting of naturally contaminated seeds.

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Botos, Istvan, Nicholas Noinaj, and Susan K. Buchanan. "Insertion of proteins and lipopolysaccharide into the bacterial outer membrane." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1726 (June 19, 2017): 20160224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0224.

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The bacterial outer membrane contains phospholipids in the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet. Both proteins and LPS must be frequently inserted into the outer membrane to preserve its integrity. The protein complex that inserts LPS into the outer membrane is called LptDE, and consists of an integral membrane protein, LptD, with a separate globular lipoprotein, LptE, inserted in the barrel lumen. The protein complex that inserts newly synthesized outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) into the outer membrane is called the BAM complex, and consists of an integral membrane protein, BamA, plus four lipoproteins, BamB, C, D and E. Recent structural and functional analyses illustrate how these two complexes insert their substrates into the outer membrane by distorting the membrane component (BamA or LptD) to directly access the lipid bilayer. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Membrane pores: from structure and assembly, to medicine and technology’.

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15

Xu, Zhiyong, Zhongwen Lan, Ke Sun, Zhong Yu, Rongdi Guo, and Feiming Bai. "Effects of BaM Interfacial Layer on the $c$-Axis Orientation of BaM Thin Films Deposited on SiO$_{2}$/Si Substrates." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49, no. 7 (July 2013): 4226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2013.2245306.

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BOWLES, BOBBY L., and ARTHUR J. MILLER. "Antibotulinal Properties of Selected Aromatic and Aliphatic Aldehydes." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.9.788.

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Aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were tested for their effectiveness against Clostridium botulinum spores and cells. Six-tenths millimolar benzaldehyde, piperonal, phenylacetaldehyde, α-amylcinnamaldehyde, vanillin, or phenylglyoxal delayed germination in botulinal assay medium (BAM) broth after 6 h exposure at 32°C. Sporicidal activity was observed with 1.25 mM vanillin, 39 mM isobutyraldehyde, 156 mM pyruvaldehyde or valeraldehyde, 625 mM benzaldehyde, and 2,500 mM α-amylcinnamaldehyde. Twenty-five millimolars of cinnamaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, and vanillin were most active against vegetative cells at pH 7.0 in BAM broth, while 125 mM was required for benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde, piperonal, or phenylglyoxal. Three millimolars benzaldehyde, 5.0 mM phenylglyoxal, 150 mM cinnamaldehyde, 200 mM pyruvaldehyde and vanillin, and 300 mM piperonal inhibited 9 h dipicolinic acid release in BAM broth at 32°C. Spore resistance to a 20-min 80°C thermal treatment was reduced when challenged with prior exposure to 100 mM cinnamaldehyde, piperonal, pyruvaldehyde, vanillin, or phenylglyoxal. Inhibition by cinnamaldehyde, piperonal, and phenylglyoxal was retained in commercial canned chicken and in beef broths. Five millimolars of benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, piperonal, pyruvaldehyde, or phenylglyoxal delayed neurotoxin production for 48 h at 32°C, while 25 mM was required for vanillin. These results indicate that certain aldehydes inhibit C. botulinum, and aromaticity improves efficacy.

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17

Chen, Da Ming, Ying Li Liu, Yuan Xun Li, Jie Li, and Huai Wu Zhang. "Magnetic Properties and Microwave Loss of Polycrystalline M-Type Barium Hexaferrite Thick Films by Tape Casting." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.322.

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M-type barium hexaferrite (BaM) is a promising gyromagnetic material for self-biased microwave\millimeter wave devices because of its large uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy and low microwave loss in high frequency. Due to the limitation of growth conditions, it is difficult to deposit BaM films with enough thickness by PLD, MBE and Magnetron Sputtering for practical application. However, it is demonstrated in present experiment that large area polycrystalline BaM thick films (500μm) with self-biasing (high remanence) and low microwave loss can be successfully fabricated by tape casting. X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy results indicate that these BaM thick films have highly c-axis oriented crystallographic texture with hexagonal morphology. Magnetic hysteresis loops reveal that samples exhibit excellent properties with a saturate magnetization (4πMs) of 3606G, a high squareness ratio (Mr/Ms) of 0.82. In addition, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurement shows that the FMR linewidth is as small as 431Oe at 48GHz. These parameters ensure these BaM thick films are potentially useful for self-biased microwave\millimeter wave devices such as circulator, phase shifter and filter.

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Weltschev, Margit, and Ralph Baessler. "Use of Alloy 59 for the Transport of Highly Corrosive Dangerous Goods." Advanced Materials Research 278 (July 2011): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.278.581.

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Alloy 59 (NiCr23Mo16Al) with a lot of chromium, molybdenum and nickel possesses excellent resistance not only to reducing but also oxidizing chemicals. Both the Nickel alloy 59 and the superaustenitic steel alloy 31 have already been used as shell materials for tank vehicles or tank containers. Use of these alloys allows the transport of a signifi-cantly more wider variety of chemicals and, especially, waste mixtures than the use of common aus-tenitic steels. Another advantage is the extension of test intervals of for transport tanks. In Germany the “BAM-List – Requirements for Tanks for the Transport of Dangerous Goods” is the basis for substance-related prototype approvals for tank containers designed for the car¬ri¬age of dangerous goods issued by the Federal Institute for Materials Re¬search and Testing (BAM). Com-patibility evaluations of selected metallic material groups as well as polymeric gasket and lining materials under the influence of approximately 7000 dangerous goods and water-polluting sub-stances are published in the BAM-List. Alloy 59 belongs to the group of metallic materials in the BAM-List. Due to the large number of dangerous goods in the BAM-List BAM, IKS Dresden and ThyssenKrupp VDM performed a comprehensive corrosion test programme with welded specimens of the nickel alloy 59 and the superaustenitic steels alloy 926 and alloy 31 in the period 2002 - 2010. Especially In particular alloy 59 and alloy 31 were exposed to a large number of corrosive sub-stances such as various mixtures of both nitric acid/sulphuric acid and nitric acid/phosphoric acid at 55 °C. Other corrosive test substances were different organic and inorganic halogenides, peroxyace-tic acid and molten substances. In the case of molten chemicals such as monochloroacetic acid the test temperature was increased to more than 100 °C. The test results presented in this paper are al-ready included in the 10th edition of the BAM-List and, therefore, available to the customer.

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19

BOWLES, BOBBY L., and ARTHUR J. MILLER. "Antibotulinal Properties of Selected Aromatic and Aliphatic Ketones." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.9.795.

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Several aromatic and aliphatic ketones were tested for inhibitory activity against Clostridium botulinum spores and cells. Six-tenths mM 3-heptanone, 3-hexanone, or benzophenone delayed spore germination in botulinal assay medium (BAM) broth at 32°C. Sporicidal activity was observed for 1,250 mM 2,3-pentanedione, while 2-octanone, 3-octanone, or benzophenone were effective at 2,500 mM. In general, higher concentrations were required to inhibit vegetative cells than to prevent spore germination. Maximum activity against vegetative cells was observed at 25 mM acetanisole (4′-methoxyacetophenone), 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-pentanedione, 2-pentanone, or benzophenone, and inhibition was independent of pH. Five-tenths mM acetanisole inhibited dipicolinic acid release, 100 mM reduced 20 min 80°C thermal resistance, and 5.0 mM delayed toxigenesis in BAM broth at 32°C. Furthermore, inhibitory activity of acetanisole was comparable to that observed in BAM broth when tested in commercially prepared chicken and beef broths. The spectrum of antibotulinal activity was dependent upon carbon chain length, carbonyl position, number of carbonyls, and aromaticity. The inhibitions observed suggest that aliphatic and aromatic ketones might have potential as novel antimicrobial agents.

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Lundquist, Karl, Jeremy Bakelar, Nicholas Noinaj, and James C. Gumbart. "C-terminal kink formation is required for lateral gating in BamA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 34 (August 7, 2018): E7942—E7949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722530115.

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In Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane contains primarily β-barrel transmembrane proteins and lipoproteins. The insertion and assembly of β-barrel outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) is mediated by the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex, the core component of which is the 16-stranded transmembrane β-barrel BamA. Recent studies have indicated a possible role played by the seam between the first and last β-barrel strands of BamA in the OMP insertion process through lateral gating and a destabilized membrane region. In this study, we have determined the stability and dynamics of the lateral gate through over 12.5 μs of equilibrium simulations and 4 μs of free-energy calculations. From the equilibrium simulations, we have identified a persistent kink in the C-terminal strand and observed spontaneous lateral-gate separation in a mimic of the native bacterial outer membrane. Free-energy calculations of lateral gate opening revealed a significantly lower barrier to opening in the C-terminal kinked conformation; mutagenesis experiments confirm the relevance of C-terminal kinking to BamA structure and function.

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Barnett, D. W., E. K. Garrison, A. R. Quinlan, M. P. Stromberg, and G. T. Marth. "BamTools: a C++ API and toolkit for analyzing and managing BAM files." Bioinformatics 27, no. 12 (April 14, 2011): 1691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr174.

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22

Colavita, A. "A Neurexin-Related Protein, BAM-2, Terminates Axonal Branches in C. elegans." Science 302, no. 5643 (October 10, 2003): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1089163.

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Nuraini, Umi, Lita Amalia, Kurniawati C. Rosyidah, and M. Zainuri. "Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Zn Doped Barium M-Hexaferrite." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.19.

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Synthesis of Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) has been performed by co-precipitation method. The purified iron sand from Tulungagung is used as a precursor of Fe3O4. Synthesis of Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) with variations of x = 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt % has been calcined at temperatures of 1000°C for 5 hours. Ion Zn2+ (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 wt %) does not change the crystal structure of Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM), but give a slight displacement of the peak position of the diffraction pattern. SEM figures showed that Zn doped Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaFe12-xZnxO19) have a hexagonal structure, similar to BaM structure. Doping of Zn has changed the magnetic properties of Barium M-Hexaferrit (BaM), from hard magnetic become soft magnetic. Barium M-Hexaferrit (BaM) has a value of Coercivity Field (Hc) and Remanence Magnetization (Mr) is 0.03734 T and 8.334 emu/g. At variation x = 0.3, the Remanence Magnetization (Mr) reaches the highest value. At this point, a value of Coercivity Field (Hc) and Remanence Magnetization (Mr) is 0.0506 T and 14.782 emu/gram respectively.

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Muñoz-Gómez, J. L., E. Monteagudo, V. Lloveras, T. Parella, J. Veciana, and J. Vidal-Gancedo. "Optimized polarization build-up times in dissolution DNP-NMR using a benzyl amino derivative of BDPA." RSC Advances 6, no. 32 (2016): 27077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00635c.

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Xu, Zhi Yong, Zhong Wen Lan, Ke Sun, Zhong Yu, Rong Di Guo, Xiao Na Jiang, and Chuan Jian Wu. "Properties of Ba-Hexaferrite Thin Films with Different Layer Structures." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.935.

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M-type Ba-hexaferrite (BaM) thin films with two different structures (single layered and double layered) were deposited on (001) Al2O3 substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The changes in microstructural and magnetic properties of the films corresponding to different layer structures and substrate temperatures (Ts) were investigated. Experimental results indicated that for the single layered films deposited directly on substrates at Ts = 300 °C and Ts = 500 °C, most of the grains are acicular type grains with their c-axis in-plane and/or randomly oriented. However, in the double layered film with first interfacial layer deposited at Ts = 300 °C and second layer deposited at Ts = 500 °C, good crystallographic characteristics and excellent perpendicular c-axis orientation were obtained. The c-axis dispersion angle (Δθc) decreased to 0.49°, while the squareness ratio and coercivity of the out-of-plane respectively increased to 0.85 and 4.67 kOe in the double layered film. The mechanism for improving perpendicular c-axis orientation with the interfacial BaM layer was attributed to an increase in the perpendicularly oriented nucleation sites and the release of the stress that comes from the film-substrate interface.

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Xu, Zhiyong, Zhongwen Lan, Ke Sun, Zhong Yu, Rongdi Guo, Guangwei Zhu, and Xiaodong Huang. "Deposition of perpendicular c -axis oriented BaM thin films on (001) Al 2 O 3 substrates by introducing an interfacial BaM buffer layer." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 345 (November 2013): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2013.06.018.

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Sharma, Vipul, Sweta Kumari, and Bijoy Kumar Kuanr. "BaM/YIG nano-composites: A microwave material for C to U band application." AIP Advances 7, no. 5 (May 2017): 056417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4974495.

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Borzoui, E., and B. Naseri. "Wheat cultivars affecting life history and digestive amylolytic activity of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 106, no. 4 (March 28, 2016): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531600016x.

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AbstractThe life history and digestive α-amylase activity of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were studied on six wheat cultivars (Arg, Bam, Nai 60, Pishtaz, Sepahan and Shanghai) at 25 ± 1°C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. A delay in the developmental time of S. cerealella immature stages was detected when larvae were fed on cultivar Sepahan. The maximum survival rate of immature stages was seen on cultivar Bam (93.33 ± 2.10%), and the minimum rates were on cultivars Nai 60 (54.66 ± 2.49%) and Sepahan (49.33 ± 4.52%). The highest realized fecundity and fertility were recorded for females which came from larvae fed on cultivar Bam (93.30 ± 2.10 eggs/female and 91.90 ± 3.10%, respectively); and the lowest ones were observed for females which came from larvae fed on cultivar Sepahan (49.30 ± 4.50 eggs/female and 67.4 ± 11.1%, respectively). The heaviest male and female weights of S. cerealella were observed on cultivar Bam (2.97 ± 0.02 and 4.80 ± 0.01 mg, respectively). The highest amylolytic activity of the fourth instar was detected on cultivar Bam (0.89 ± 0.04 mg maltose min−1), which had the maximum mean hundred-wheat weight (5.92 ± 0.19 g). One α-amylase isozyme was detected in the midgut extracts from the fourth instar larvae fed on different wheat cultivars, and the highest intensity was found in larvae fed on cultivar Bam. Correlation analyses showed that very high correlations existed between the immature period, fecundity and fertility on one side and inhibition of α-amylase, soluble starch content and hundred-wheat weight on the other. According to the obtained results, cultivar Sepahan is an unfavorable host for the feeding and development of S. cerealella.

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Sprague, Daniel J., Anand Singh, and Jeffrey N. Johnston. "Diastereo- and enantioselective additions of α-nitro esters to imines for anti-α,β-diamino acid synthesis with α-alkyl-substitution." Chemical Science 9, no. 8 (2018): 2336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc05176j.

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The discovery that a C₂-symmetric bis(AMidine) [BAM] catalyst promotes an anti-selective addition of α-substituted α-nitro esters to imines is described, providing α-substituted α,β-diamino ester products with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.

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D’Aoust, Jean-Yves, Anne M. Sewell, Paula Greco, J. Benson, P. Boleszczuk, M. Brodsky, M. Cirigliano, et al. "Detection of Salmonella in Dry Foods Using Refrigerated Pre-Enrichment and Enrichment Broth Cultures: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 4 (July 1, 1993): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.4.814.

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Abstract An interlaboratory study was performed in 11 laboratories to validate the use of pre-enrichment and tetrathionate brilliant green (TBG35) and selenite cystine (SC35) enrichment cultures refrigerated 72 h at 2-5°C for greater analytical flexibility in the detection of Salmonella in dry foods. Productivities of refrigerated pre-enrichment and enrichment cultures were compared with that of the AOAC/Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) procedure using 4 food types: whole egg powder, milk chocolate, animal feed, and instantized skim milk powder. Uninoculated and inoculated samples were included in each food group. There was complete agreement between the results obtained by the standard AOAC/BAM procedure and the 2 refrigeration procedures. Of 660 samples tested, the AOAC/BAM procedure identified 393 contaminated samples that were readily detected from the corresponding refrigerated pre-enrichment cultures and from the combined productivity of homologous refrigerated TBG35 and SC35 cultures. Refrigeration (72 h) of preenrichment or enrichment cultures for greater analytical flexibility and laboratory productivity in the examination of dry foods is under review for adoption by AOAC International.

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YUK, HYUN-GYUN, BENJAMIN R. WARREN, and KEITH R. SCHNEIDER. "Preliminary Evaluation of Flow-Through Immunocapture followed by Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Salmonella Serovars on Tomato Surfaces within 8 Hours." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2253.

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This study reports a preliminary evaluation of flow-through immunocapture (FTI) followed by real-time PCR (FTI-PCR) for the detection of Salmonella serovars on tomato surfaces within 8 h. The FTI-PCR method was compared with real-time PCR, direct plating of FTI beads on xylose lysine desoxycholate (XLD), and the conventional culture method for Salmonella found in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). Unwaxed green tomatoes were spot inoculated with a five-serovar Salmonella cocktail on smooth surfaces at levels of 100 to 104 CFU per tomato and washed in lactose broth (LB) using a shake-rub method. The resulting LB rinse was incubated at 37°C for 4 h prior to analysis by FTI-XLD, real-time PCR, or FTI-PCR and for 24 h as the first step in the BAM Salmonella culture method. For FTI-XLD, the observed lowest detection level (LDL) was 4.6 × 101 CFU per tomato. There was no significant difference in performance between the FTI-XLD method and the BAM Salmonella culture method (P > 0.05); however, the FTI-XLD method reduced the overall assay time by 48 h. For real-time PCR and FTI-PCR, the observed LDLs were 4.6 × 101 and 9.2 × 100 CFU per tomato, respectively. The FTI-PCR method was superior to the BAM Salmonella culture method (P < 0.05) for the detection of Salmonella serovars on tomato surfaces and was completed within 8 h.

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Feldsine, Philip T., and Maria T. Falbo-Nelson. "Comparison of Modified Immunodiffusion and Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Methods for Detection of Salmonella in Raw Flesh and Highly Contaminated Food Types." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 78, no. 4 (July 1, 1995): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/78.4.993.

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Abstract A wide variety of naturally contaminated and inoculated raw flesh and highly contaminated food types was analyzed by a modified immunodiffusion enrichment protocol and the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) method to determine the equivalence of these methods. This modification was developed by Agriculture Canada to allow addition of a high-temperature selective enrichment step in tetrathionate brilliant green broth at 42°C while maintaining a 2-day total test time. Foods representing red meat, white meat, frog, and seafoods and one type of animal meal were evaluated. A total of 320 samples was tested, resulting in false negative rates of 5.2 and 3.5%, respectively, for the modified immunodiffusion and the BAM culture methods. The overall agreement rate was 96.9%.

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TIRTOSASTRO, SAMSURI, ABI DWI HASTONO, and DARMONO. "REKAYASA OVEN PORTABEL-HORISONTAL PADA PENGOLAHAN TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.96-105.

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Oven portabel-horisontal (4m x 8m x 4m) untuk pengovenan daun tembakau Virginia menjadi krosok fc (flue-cured) telah direkayasa di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat, Malang, Indonesia. Konstruksi oven terdiri alas komponen dinding oven berisolasi (80cm x 200cm), kerangka dari besi siku dan bcsi U, kolektor surya datar (solar flat- collector) yang dipasang pada atap oven. Sistem pcmanas kompor Bros dengan pemanasan tidak langsung. Pengujian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2002 di Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Model oven portabel-horisontal ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan suhu niang oven yang seragam sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengoven daun tembakau yang persentase masak optimalnya tinggi (90- 95%), hemat bahan bakar, dapat dipasang mendekati areal tanaman sehingga hemat ongkos angkut dan dapat menekan kerusakan pasca panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata selisih suhu ruang atas dan ruang bawah, serta ruang sebclah kanan dan sebelah kiri, masing-masing 2.53°C dan 2.30°C sedangkan selisih kelembaban udara pada posisi yang sama masing-masing hanya 4.55% dan 3.64%. Kadar gula krosok yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 17.19-19.47% dan nikotin 3.16-3.73%. Konsumsi minyak tanah 1.09 l/kg krosok atau 1.16 l/kg krosok jika tanpa kolektor surya dan hanya 40.92% dibanding oven biasa yang memeriukan 2.39-2.80 l/kg krosok. Kolektor surya datar menyumbang 952 625 kJ setara 28.24 I minyak tanah atau 5.80% dari konsumsi minyak tanah, meskipun alat ini memeriukan 17.16% dari total investasi oven. Panas yang hilang melalui dinding karena konduksi hanya mencapai 3.57%, lebih rendah dibanding kehilangan panas pada dinding bata yang mencapai 12.7% - 16.0%. Hasil grading krosok menghasilkan harga jual rata-rata Rp. 12.275/kg kosok, sedangkan hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan rasio BC = 1.29; NPV = Rp. 41 962 590 dan IRR = 51.83% atau masih membei peluang keuntungan dan pengembalian kredit. Hasil perhitungan simulasi jika digunakan oven horisontal sederhana dengan harga Rp. 8 000 000 tiap unit, harga krosok Rp. 10 000, Rp. 12 500, dan Rp. 15 000 tiap kg dan harga minyak tanah Rp. 1 000, Rp. I 250 dan Rp. I 500 tiap liter masih memberi indikasi peluang keuntungan dan pengembalian kredit. Konstruksi oven akan lebih sederhana jika digunakan kerangka kayu dan tanpa kolektor surya.Kata kunci : Nicotiana tabacum, L, tembakau, prosesing, oven, portabel- horisontal, kolektor surya, analisis energi, mutu krosok, aspek ekonomi ABSTRACT Engineering of horizontal-potabel curing-barn of Virgi¬ nia tobacco curing Engineeing of the horizontal-portable curing-barn (4m x 8m x 4m) of Virginia tobacco curing lo produce Virginia fc (flue-cured) tobacco conducted in Indonesian Tobacco and Fibers Crops Research Institute, Malang, Indonesia. The curing-bam construction consisted of portable isolation wall, metal frame from L and U iron-bar and flat solar collector which was installed in curing-bam roof. Bros buner and air indirect heating system were used. This curing-bam was tested in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara on virgina tobacco harvested in August to October 2002. This horizontal-portable curing-bam was expected to be able to 96 produce the homogen temperature and humidity in all space of the curing- bam so that it is suitable for curing the harvesting tobacco leaves which high percentage of mature leaves (90-95%), fuel efficienct and liable to be constructed near tobacco plant area, so that it can decrease the transpotation cost and postharvest damage. The result of the research showed that there were significant difference between above-space and lower-space, let-space and right-space, even it was only 2.53°C and 2.30°C, respectively. The same position for air humidity, 4.55% and 3.64%, respectivelly. Kerosene fuel consumption 1.09 I each kg cured- leaves or 1.16 I each kg cured leaves if without lat solar collector, lower than farmers conventional curing-bam which consumpt 2.39-2.80 I each kg cured-leaves. Flat solar-collector contributed 952 625 Id only or 5.80% of kerosene consumption or equal lo 28.24 I kerosene, even though this equipment needed 17.16% of total curing-bam in vestal ion Heat conduction lost through the portable wall only 3.57%, lower than brickwall conventional curing-bam which reach 12.7-16.0%. Result of the cured-leaves grading gave the average price Rp 12 275,- each kg cured- leaves and economic analysis showed that BC-ratio-1.29, NPV-41 962 590 and IRR=51.83% or still gave the profit chance and ability to pay the capital interest. Result of simulate calculation by simple construction curing-bam, Rp. 8 000 000 price each unit, still gave BC-ratio above one percent. This indicated the profit chance and ability to pay the capital interest. In this simulate calculation three price of cured-leaves and kerosene was used, as followed Rp. 10 000, Rp. 12 500, and Rp. 15 000 each kg cured leaves, and Rp. I 000, Rp. 1 250 and Rp. I 500 each liter of kerosene, respectivelly. The construction of the curing-bam will be simpler if using wood frame and without lat solar collector.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, L., tobacco, processing, oven, horizontal- portable curing-bam, lat solar-collector, energy analysis, cured-leaves grade, economical-aspect

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EIROA, MIRTHA NELLY UBOLDI, VALÉRIA CHRISTINA AMSTALDEN JUNQUEIRA, and FLÁVIO L. SCHMIDT. "Alicyclobacillus in Orange Juice: Occurrence and Heat Resistance of Spores." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.8.883.

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Spore suspensions of a pure culture of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris DSM 2498 were submitted to different heat treatments (60°C for 60 min, 60°C for 30 min, 70°C for 20 min, 80°C for 5 min, 80°C for 10 min, 80°C for 30 min, and boiling for 5 min) to determine the best activation conditions in orange juice. The best treatment for spore activation was shown to be 70°C/20 min. Seventy-five samples of concentrated orange juice from 11 different suppliers were examined for the presence of thermophilic acid-tolerant spore formers by the most probable number technique using Bacillus acidocaldarius medium (BAM broth) and incubation at 44°C for 5 days after a prior spore activation. After incubation, isolation was carried out using BAM agar medium incubating at 44°C for 5 days. Typical colonies were submitted to a microscopic examination, evaluation for the presence of spores, and various biochemical tests. Of the orange juice samples examined, 14.7% were found to be positive for Alicyclobacillus. The thermal death time open tube method was used to determine the heat resistance of the spores of strains confirmed as being Alicyclobacillus. The D-values determined were in the range from 60.8 to 94.5 min at 85°C, 10.0 to 20.6 min at 90°C, and 2.5 to 8.7 min at 95°C. The z-values were between 7.2°C and 11.3°C. The results demonstrated the occurrence of Alicyclobacillus in orange juice and the high heat resistance of the spores that could survive the heat treatments normally applied in the processing of orange juice.

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WARREN, B. R., M. E. PARISH, and K. R. SCHNEIDER. "Comparison of Conventional Culture Methods and FTA Filtration–Nested PCR for the Detection of Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei on Tomato Surfaces†." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.8.1606.

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Detection of Shigella boydii UI02 and Shigella sonnei UI05 artificially inoculated onto tomatoes was evaluated using enrichment protocols of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) and the American Public Health Association's Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Food (CMMEF), enrichment in Enterobacteriaceae enrichment (EE) broth supplemented with 1.0 μg/ml novobiocin and incubated at 42°C, and FTA filtration–nested PCR. To assess the effect of natural tomato microflora on recovery, conventional culture enrichments were repeated using rifampin-adapted inocula and enrichment medium supplemented with 50 μg/ml rifampin. The lowest detection levels for S. boydii UI02 were >5.3 × 105 (BAM, CMMEF, and EE broth) and 6.2 CFU per tomato (FTA filtration–nested PCR). For S. sonnei UI05, the lowest detection levels were 1.9 × 101 (BAM), 1.5 × 103 (CMMEF), 1.1 × 101 (EE broth), and 7.4 CFU per tomato (FTA filtration–nested PCR). Natural tomato microflora had a large impact on recovery of S. sonnei UI05 and completely inhibited recovery of S. boydii UI02. EE broth was inhibitory to S. boydii UI02. FTA filtration–nested PCR provided superior detection (P < 0.05) compared with the conventional culture enrichment protocols.

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Finney, Richard P., Qing-Rong Chen, Cu V. Nguyen, Chih Hao Hsu, Chunhua Yan, Ying Hu, Massih Abawi, Xiaopeng Bian, and Daoud M. Meerzaman. "Alview: Portable Software for Viewing Sequence Reads in BAM Formatted Files." Cancer Informatics 14 (January 2015): CIN.S26470. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s26470.

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The name Alview is a contraction of the term Alignment Viewer. Alview is a compiled to native architecture software tool for visualizing the alignment of sequencing data. Inputs are files of short-read sequences aligned to a reference genome in the SAM/BAM format and files containing reference genome data. Outputs are visualizations of these aligned short reads. Alview is written in portable C with optional graphical user interface (GUI) code written in C, C++, and Objective-C. The application can run in three different ways: as a web server, as a command line tool, or as a native, GUI program. Alview is compatible with Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Apple OS X. It is available as a web demo at https://cgwb.nci.nih.gov/cgi-bin/alview . The source code and Windows/Mac/Linux executables are available via https://github.com/NCIP/alview .

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Freitag, Benjamin, Christian A. Fischer, Johanne Penafiel, Gerd Ballmann, Holger Elsen, Christian Färber, Dirk F. Piesik, and Sjoerd Harder. "Bora-amidinate as a cooperative ligand in group 2 metal catalysis." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 34 (2017): 11192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02136d.

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Syntheses and crystal structures of the monomeric bora-amidinate (bam) complexes^DIPPNBN-Mg·(THF)₃and^DIPPNBN-Ca·(THF)₄are presented;^DIPPNBN = HB[N(2,6-iPr₂-C₆H₃)]₂.

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Naoe, M., N. Matsushita, K. Watanabe, M. Ichinose, and S. Nakagawa. "Deposition of c-axis oriented BaM ferrite layers with low surface roughness on textured underlayers." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 35, no. 5 (September 1999): 3016–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.801070.

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DULDA, A., D. S. JO, M. TAKAKI, and D. H. YOON. "MILLING EFFECT AND ENHANCED LUMINESCENCE PROPERTY OF BAM NANOPHOSPHOR VIA SURFACE MODIFICATIONS." Nano 04, no. 06 (December 2009): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292009001873.

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Surface modification of luminescent nanomaterials has attracted considerable technological interest. With decreasing particle size, the passivation of surface defects is of vital importance. This paper reports the effect of an alkali (KOH) solution treatment and organic functional groups on the luminescence efficiency and particle dispersibility. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided clear evidence of surface modification with organic functional groups from the C=O , C–H , and C–O stretching modes at 1740, 1365, and 1218 cm-1. The KOH-treated sample showed a 40% increase in luminescence intensity, whereas 87% increase in luminescence intensity was obtained from the dispersion-agent-containing sample. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest efficiency improvement for sub-micrometer-sized BAM: Eu2+ phosphors reported thus far.

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Tárnok, Attila, Thomas Schlüter, Ingeborg Berg, and Günther Gercken. "Silica Induces Changes in Cytosolic Free Calcium, Cytosolic pH, and Plasma Membrane Potential in Bovine Alveolar Macrophages." Analytical Cellular Pathology 15, no. 2 (1997): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/539384.

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The mineral‐dust induced activation of pulmonary phagocytes is thought to be involved in the induction of severe lung diseases. The activation of bovine alveolar macrophages (BAM) by silica was investigated by flow cytometry. Short‐term incubation (10 min) of BAM with silica gel and quartz dust particles induced increases in the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), decreases in intracellular pH (pHi), and increases in plasma membrane potential (PMP). The extent of these changes was concentration dependent, related to the type of dust and was due to Ca2+influx from the extracellular medium. An increase in [Ca2+]iwas inhibited, when extracellular Ca2+was removed. Furthermore the calcium signal was quenched by Mn2+and diminished by the calcium channel blocker verapamil. The protein kinase C specific inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide II (GF 109203 X) did not inhibit the silica‐induced [Ca2+]irise. In contrast, silica‐induced cytosolic acidification and depolarization were inhibited by GF 109203 X but not by removal of extracellular calcium. Addition of TiO2particles or heavy metal‐containing dusts had no effect on any of the three parameters. Our data suggest the existence of silica‐activated transmembrane ion exchange mechanisms in BAM, which might be involved in the specific cytotoxicity of silica by Ca2+‐dependent and independent pathways.

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KODAKA, HIDEMASA, HAJIME TERAMURA, SHINGO MIZUOCHI, MIKAKO SAITO, and HIDEAKI MATSUOKA. "Evaluation of the Compact Dry VP Method for Screening Raw Seafood for Total Vibrio parahaemolyticus." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.1.169.

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Compact Dry VP (CDVP) is a ready-to-use method for enumerating Vibrio parahaemolyticus in food. The presterilized plates contain a culture medium comprising peptone, NaCl, bile salts, antibiotics, chromogenic substrates, and polysaccharide gum as a cold water–soluble gelling. After diluting raw seafood samples in a phosphate-buffered saline solution, a 1-ml aliquot was inoculated onto the center of the plate and allowed to diffuse by capillary action. Blue-green colonies forming on the plates were counted after 18 to 20 h of incubation at 35°C. A total of 85 V. parahaemolyticus strains (62 tdh+ strains and 23 tdh− strains) were studied for inclusivity, 81 (95.3 %) of which produced blue-green colonies. When 97 strains (14 strains of Vibrio spp., 33 strains of coliform bacteria, and 50 strains of noncoliform bacteria) were assessed for exclusivity, 10 strains of Vibrio spp. produced non–blue-green colonies, and 87 strains failed to grow. The CDVP and U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM) methods were compared with the use of four different types of raw seafood that were inoculated with four different V. parahaemolyticus strains. For raw tuna and oysters, the FDA-BAM colony lift method was used, whereas the FDA-BAM most-probable-number method was used for salmon and scallop. The linear correlation coefficients between the CDVP and FDA-BAM methods were 0.99 for fresh raw tuna, 0.95 for fresh raw oysters, 0.95 for frozen raw salmon, and 0.95 for frozen raw scallops. These results suggest that the CDVP method is useful for screening raw seafood for V. parahaemolyticus.

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Wang, Hua, Vikas S. Gill, Kari A. Irvin, Mindi Byrd, Cathryn M. Bolger, Jie Zheng, Erin E. Dickey, Robert E. Duvall, Andrew P. Jacobson, and Thomas S. Hammack. "Recovery of Salmonella from Internally and Externally Contaminated Whole Tomatoes Using Several Different Sample Preparation Procedures." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 1452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-463.

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Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of whole soak [current Bacteriological Analytical Manual-(BAM) Salmonella method], quarter, stomach, and blend methods for the recovery of Salmonella organisms from internally and externally contaminated tomatoes. Tomatoes were subjected to three inoculation methods: surface inoculation, internal inoculation by injection, and immersion with single Salmonella serovars. The inoculation levels ranged from 1 to 100 CFU/tomato for surface and injection inoculation or 1 to 100 CFU/mL for immersion inoculation. Tomatoes were held for 3 days after inoculation at 2–6°C prior to initiation of analysis. Contaminated tomatoes were soaked, quartered, stomached, and blended in appropriate portions of Universal Pre-enrichment broth, and incubated for 24 h at 35 ± 2°C. The BAM Salmonella culture method was followed thereafter, and tomatoes were treated as a low-microbial-load food. The stomaching procedure was significantly (P< 0.05) more effective than the whole soak procedure for recovery of internalized Salmonella from tomatoes (by injection). The blending procedure was arithmetically superior to the stomaching procedure for detection of internalized Salmonella from tomatoes (by immersion). The blending procedure showed the same effectiveness as the whole soak procedure for the detection of Salmonella on tomato surfaces. Comparisons between test portion-to-broth ratios (weight to volume) showed that a 1:3 test portion-to-broth ratio had a better buffering capacity for blended tomatoes than a 1:1 test portion-to-broth ratio. It is recommended that the current whole soak BAM tomato sample preparation procedure be replaced with a blending procedure and a 1:3 test portion-to-broth ratio.

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Martin, Alain, and Stanley E. Katz. "Rapid Determination of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods Using a Resuscitation/Selection/Kit System Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 76, no. 3 (May 1, 1993): 632–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/76.3.632.

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Abstract A resuscitation medium consisting of a trypticase soy broth base supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract, 0.25% sodium pyruvate, 0.01 % sodium thiogly col late, and 0.1 % chicken fat was used in the resuscitation of heat-injured and freeze-injured cells of Listeria monocytogenes. After a resuscitation period of 4-h, the medium was made selective through the addition of nalidixic acid, acriflavin, and cycloheximide. The organisms were incubated in the selectivized medium at 35°C for an additional 16 h. The numbers of resuscitated Listeria monocytogenes cells rose from 101 to 107 cells/mL in 20 h. Similar numbers of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella bonn were grown together with Listeria monocytogenes; these organisms did not inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes nor interfere with its detection by the Listeria-Tek kit system. The resuscitation/selection/ kit system (RSK) was compared with the methodology in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in 22 naturally contaminated cheese samples: 8 of these were positive by the BAM system and 12 were positive by the RSK system. The 8 Listeria positives found by the BAM system were positive by the RSK system. All 12 Listeria-presumptive positive samples by the RSK system were confirmed to be Listeria monocytogenes. The use of the RSK system enhanced the recovery of the pathogen, and detection was accomplished within 24 h.

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BARENDSE, W., and D. J. S. HETZEL. "Bam HI reveals a polymorphism in cattle when probing with human protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA)." Animal Genetics 22, no. 5 (April 24, 2009): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1991.tb00708.x.

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Yeung, Hing-Yuen, Pui-Chi Lo, Dennis K. P. Ng, and Wing-Ping Fong. "Anti-tumor immunity of BAM-SiPc-mediated vascular photodynamic therapy in a BALB/c mouse model." Cellular & Molecular Immunology 14, no. 2 (September 21, 2015): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2015.84.

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HAMMACK, THOMAS S., R. MIGUEL AMAGUAÑA, and WALLACE H. ANDREWS. "An Improved Method for the Recovery of Salmonella Serovars from Orange Juice Using Universal Preenrichment Broth." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.5.659.

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The relative effectiveness of three methods for the recovery of Salmonella serovars from orange juice was determined. One method, a modified Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) procedure consisted of preenrichment in lactose broth at 35°C for 24 h, selective enrichment, and selective plating. Another method, a National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC 1) procedure, consisted of direct enrichment in tetrathionate broth at 35°C for 24 and 48 h, followed by selective plating. The third method (also from CDC and designated CDC 2) consisted of preenrichment in Universal Preenrichment (UP) broth at 35°C for 24 h, selective enrichment, and selective plating. In 10 experiments encompassing five different Salmonella serovars and 200 test portions per broth, the CDC 1 method recovered 141 Salmonella-positive test portions, the BAM method recovered 151, and the CDC 2 method recovered 171. In 2 of the 10 experiments, with two different Salmonella serovars, the BAM recovered significantly fewer (P < 0.05) Salmonella-positive test portions than did the CDC 2 method. On the basis of the above results, the second phase of this study focused on a comparison of the effectiveness of the BAM-recommended lactose broth and the CDC 2-recommended UP broth as preenrichment media for the recovery of Salmonella serovars from pasteurized and unpasteurized orange juice. Subsequent culture treatment of the two preenrichments was identical so that the effect of other variables (e.g., different selective enrichment media, various incubation temperatures, and different selective plating agars) on the relative performance of these two preenrichment media was excluded. In one of nine experiments, with pasteurized orange juice, lactose broth recovered significantly fewer (P < 0.05) Salmonella-positive test portions than did UP broth. For the combined results of the nine pasteurized orange juice experiments (180 test portions per broth), lactose broth recovered 99 Salmonella-positive test portions, and UP broth recovered 116. In three of seven experiments, with unpasteurized orange juice, lactose broth recovered significantly fewer (P < 0.05) Salmonella-positive test portions than did UP broth. For the combined results of the seven unpasteurized orange juice experiments (140 test portions per broth), lactose broth recovered 73 Salmonella-positive test portions, and UP broth recovered 117. For both pasteurized and unpasteurized orange juice, the total number of Salmonella-positive test portions recovered with UP broth was significantly greater than the number recovered with lactose broth. These results indicate that UP broth is a more effective enrichment broth for the recovery of Salmonella from orange juice than is lactose broth.

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NOAH, CHARLES W., JOHN C. PEREZ, NORA C. RAMOS, CHARLES R. McKEE, and M. VIRGINIA GIPSON. "Detection of Listeria spp. in Naturally Contaminated Seafoods Using Four Enrichment Procedures." Journal of Food Protection 54, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.3.174.

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Four enrichment procedures were evaluated for the recovery of Listeria spp. from 211 samples of raw and processed seafoods. The presence of Listeria spp. was determined in all four methods by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The enrichments used were 1) Listeria enrichment broth (LEB); 2) buffered LEB (BLEB); 3) BLEB transferred to the same enrichment after 24 h (BLEB 24-h transfer); and 4) modified University of Vermont medium (UVM-1) transferred after 24 h to UVM-1 medium containing additional acriflavin (UVM-2). All four enrichments were incubated for a total of 48 h at 30°C. To determine the efficiency of each protocol, we compared our recovery results with those obtained by using a modified version of the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) cultural method, as described in the Federal Register of November 1, 1988. Statistical analysis showed that recovery of Listeria spp. using nonbuffered LEB for 48 h without transfer did not differ significantly from that obtained with the revised BAM method.

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Costanza, Pascal, Charlotte Herzeel, and Wilfried Verachtert. "Comparing Ease of Programming in C++, Go, and Java for Implementing a Next-Generation Sequencing Tool." Evolutionary Bioinformatics 15 (January 2019): 117693431986901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1176934319869015.

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elPrep is an extensible multithreaded software framework for efficiently processing Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM)/Binary Alignment/Map (BAM) files in next-generation sequencing pipelines. Similar to other SAM/BAM tools, a key challenge in elPrep is memory management, as such programs need to manipulate large amounts of data. We therefore investigated 3 programming languages with support for assisted or automated memory management for implementing elPrep, namely C++, Go, and Java. We implemented a nontrivial subset of elPrep in all 3 programming languages and compared them by benchmarking their runtime performance and memory use to determine the best language in terms of computational performance. In a previous article, we motivated why, based on these results, we eventually selected Go as our implementation language. In this article, we discuss the difficulty of achieving the best performance in each language in terms of programming language constructs and standard library support. While benchmarks are easy to objectively measure and evaluate, this is less obvious for assessing ease of programming. However, because we expect elPrep to be regularly modified and extended, this is an equally important aspect. We illustrate representative examples of challenges in all 3 languages, and give our opinion why we think that Go is a reasonable choice also in this light.

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Mahmood, Sami H., Aynour N. Aloqaily, Yazan Maswadeh, Ahmad Awadallah, Ibrahim Bsoul, Mufeed Awawdeh, and Hassan Juwhari. "Effects of Heat Treatment on the Phase Evolution, Structural, and Magnetic Properties of Mo-Zn Doped M-Type Hexaferrites." Solid State Phenomena 232 (June 2015): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.232.65.

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In this article we report on the structural and magnetic properties of BaFe12-4xMoxZn3xO19hexaferrites with Mo-Zn substitution for Fe ions. The starting materials were commensurate with the BaM stoichiometry, and the Mo:Zn ratio was 1:3. The powder precursors were prepared by high energy ball milling, and subsequently sintered at temperatures from 1100 to 1300° C. The structural analyses indicated that all samples sintered at 1100° C were dominated by a major M-type hexaferrite phase. The relative abundance of the BaMoO4and Zn-spinel secondary phases increased with increasing the concentration of the substituents, resulting in a decrease of the saturation magnetization from about 67 emu/g (forx= 0.0) to 55 emu/g (forx= 0.3). The coercivity also decreased from 3275 Oe (forx= 0.0) to 900 Oe (forx= 0.3), demonstrating the ability to tune the coercivity to the range useful for magnetic recording by the substitution process. The saturation magnetization improved significantly with sintering atT> 1100° C, and the coercivity decreased significantly, signaling the transformation of the samples to soft magnetic materials. These magnetic changes were due to the high-temperature reaction of the spinel phase with the BaM phase to produce the W-type hexaferrite phase on the one hand, and to the growth of the particles on the other hand. The magnetic phases were further investigated using Mössbauer spectroscopy and thermomagnetic measurements. Our study indicated that the sample withx= 0.2 has the highest saturation magnetization (74 emu/g at sintering temperature of 1300° C) and a tunable coercivity between 2100 Oe and 450 Oe.

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SOLTANBEIGI, Amir, Harun DIRAMAN, and Mohammad Bagher HASSANPOURAGHDAM. "Chemical components of volatile oil and fatty acids of wild Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. and cultivated Cuminum cyminum L. populations." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.1335.

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Volatile oil and fatty acids components of six various populations of wild Bunium persicum Boiss. (Bam and Zirkuh/Iran) and cultivated Cuminum cyminum L. (Rayen/Iran; Cukurcak, Taskopru and Asagialicomak/Turkey) species were investigated. The volatile oil content of Bam and Zirkuh populations were 3.9 and 4.7 %, respectively. The analysis of volatile oils by the GC/FID-MSD showed that γ-terpinene (33.62-39.62 %), cuminal (17.9-19.3 %), o-cymene (5.3-11.1 %), benzenemethanol, α-methyl- (7.4-9.5 %), 1-phenyl-1-butanol (6.4-8.4 %) and limonene (6.4-8.6 %) were the major components of B. persicum populations. Rayen, Cukurcak, Taskopru and Asagialicomak populations of C. cyminum had 2.6, 2.2, 2.0 and 2.5 % of volatile oil, respectively. Cuminal (22.8-37.6 %), benzenemethanol, α-methyl- (5.3-22.6 %), γ-terpinene (16.7-19.4 %), β-pinene (11.2-11.9 %) and 1-phenyl-1-butanol (5.4-12.5 %) were identified as the main components of C. cyminum. Fatty acids were detected by the GC/FID. In total, 15 fatty acids were characterised in B. persicum populations from Iran. Petroselinic acid (26.3-52.6 %), lauric acid (16.2-37.0 %) and linoleic acid (18.3-33.0 %) were the predominant fatty acids identified in Iranian populations. C. cyminum populations were rich in the same fatty acids but, the order was: petroselinic acid (47.5-55.5 %), linoleic acid (22.5-25.4 %) and lauric acid (13.4-24.2 %). Monounsaturated fatty acids (27.4-56.2 %) were the major subgroup. Overall, B. persicum populations from Iran and C. cyminum from Turkey were almost similar in fatty acids profile although they had wide diversity in the volatile oils compositional profile.

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Journal articles on the topic 'C-BAM'

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