Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'C³iel'
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Peroni, Raphaël. "Télédétection du contenu en vapeur d'eau au-dessus et autour de nuages convectifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR083.
Full textDespite significant advances in atmospheric physics research over the past few decades, many uncertainties persist regarding our understanding of climate change. Current knowledge indicates that clouds play a major role in these uncertainties due to complex interactions involving aerosols, water vapor, clouds, global atmospheric circulation, convection, and precipitation. Water vapor plays a crucial role in clouds formation and development, especially those resulting from convective phenomena that redistribute water vapor in the atmosphere through exchanges between clouds and their immediate environment. Therefore, a better understanding of water vapor content above and around clouds is necessary to improve our comprehension of interactions between water vapor and clouds and to help the scientific community better constrain LES models and numerical weather forecasting models. Our research is part of the C³IEL space mission, which aims to enhance our knowledge of the 3D envelope of convective clouds, their horizontal and vertical development velocities, the water vapor content above and around clouds, and the electrical activity associated with these convective systems. The focus of this thesis concerns the retrieval of integrated water vapor content in the presence of clouds from satellite observations. This retrieval was achieved through a Bayesian probabilistic approach: the optimal estimation method. So far, few studies have explicitly demonstrated the feasibility of such inversion under cloudy atmosphere because of the complexity related to the penetration and scattering of radiation within the cloud. This increases the number of parameters involved in the relationship between radiance and water vapor content.Radiative transfer simulations were conducted in the three SWIR spectral bands defined for the study of water vapor content in the context of the C³IEL mission. The atmosphere was assumed to be composed of homogeneous plan-parallel layers, and synthetic radiance datasets were generated for testing the retrieval algorithm developed in this thesis. The feasibility of retrieving integrated water vapor content above a cloud and over the ocean from SWIR radiances was shown with a precision of approximately 1 kg/m² for optically dense clouds. However, the precision of this retrieval decreases as the cloud optical thickness decreases. Tests were then realized with realistic water vapor and cloud extinction profiles that present non-homogeneous cloudy vertical profiles. This shows that integrated water vapor content above liquid water clouds could be retrieved with a positive bias related to cloud penetration of approximately 2.18 kg/m². This value is of the same order of magnitude than those obtained in previous work under clear-sky conditions. In the presence of convective clouds containing both liquid and ice water, characterized by a significant vertical extension and thus a high top altitude, very high optical thickness and very low water vapor content, the retrieval algorithm does not succeed to provide a valid retrieval. Suggestions are therefore proposed to improve water vapor content retrievals in realistic cases and define the retrievable limit for water vapor content
Brandt, Gustav. "Counter IED : Är den svenska försvarsmakten anpassad för internationellt arbete? En fallstudie av den svenska försvarsmakten." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-773.
Full textDen svenska försvarsmakten har genomgått en förändring mot ett insatsförsvar från ett invasionsförsvar. I dagsläget genomför Försvarsmakten insatser internationellt, tillsammans med flera olika nationer, något som ställer krav på interoperabilitet. Försvarsmakten har genomfört insatser i Afghanistan sedan 2002 och har där varit med om utvecklingen av IED-hotet och på så sätt blivit tvungen att genomföra en anpassning. Hur långt har denna anpassning kommit, främst i form av utbildning och direktiv utgivna av Försvarsmakten? Ett tydligt mål är uppsatt men finns underlaget för att nå detta mål? I uppsatsen kommer jag att jämföra de styrningar som finns i målet, NATO 2294 och AJP 3.15, med de direktiv som Försvarsmakten har gett ut och de krav som ställs på utbildning.
The Swedish Armed Forces have transformed from being mainly a national defence force to becoming a mission-based force, capable of being deployed within and outside the Swedish border. Currently, the Swedish Armed Forces are operating internationally, with several other nationalities. It has therefore become important for the Armed Forces to be capable of operating with other nations. Since the beginning of 2002, the Swedish Armed Forces has been operating in Afghanistan and experienced the changes in the level of IED-threat and has been forced to adapt to it. How far has this adaptation come, with focus on training and instructions? There is a goal stated, but do the necessary qualities exist? In this paper I will compare the goal, NATO STANAG 2294 and AJP 3.15, with the instructionsand the demands on training that the Swedish Armed Forces has developed.
Boussin, Isabelle. "Le testament dans la littérature latine au début du Principat (Ier s. Avant J. -C. - Ier s. Après J. -C. )." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040067.
Full textThis thesis deals with the fascination of the Latin writers in the early Principate for the will, the legal document organizing a citizen's succession. Literature allows us to relate the evolution of the different forms of will and the elaboration of such a document. It incluses a private part, increasing the curiosity of both the family circle and society in general, and a public part which requires witnesses. Literary texts reveal the identity of heirs, legatees and the nature of the legacy, as well as the other sorts of testamentary provisions. However the will was a real source of trouble. While he was alive, the testator was surrounded by crafty legacy-hunters. After his death, his family circle, and sometimes the State itself, interceded to contest the testator’s last wishes. But the will plays an important part socially : the testator has power over the people around him in making his decisions. He is nevertheless under pressure because society is deeply concerned about respecting unwritten rules
Landrea, Cyrielle. "Les Valerii Messallae : histoire, mémoire et pouvoir d'une famille noble (Ier s. av. J.-C. - Ier s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010639.
Full textThe Valerii Messallae belong to one of the oldest and most prestigious families of Rome, the gens Valeria. The study focuses on the late-Republican era to the Julio-Claudian dynasty. This is a critical time in which the republican regime collapses and where the Principate is being formed. The thesis focuses on the definitions and new forms that take the indices belonging to the nobilitas : political career, ancestor worship, family history, political legacy, markers of wealth and social superiority, cognomina, legal privileges ... It aims to identify the permanence and ruptures in the definition of a triple identity (patrician, noble and family) of Messallae and how they justified their superiority by reshaping their past and by reinventing the history of their ancestors
Cormier, Anselme. "Les lits ornés d’ivoire de Cumes : art et mémoire dans les funérailles aristocratiques romaines (Ier s. av. J.-C. - Ier s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100073.
Full textThe funerary beds of the Roman period come from an ancient tradition, whose origins, beyond the Greeks, can be traced to the earliest historical periods, in Egypt and in the Near East. Since the 19th century, excavations have produced many vestiges, most of them dating back to between the 2nd C. BC up to the 2nd C. AD ; they echo pieces found in domestic contexts which, though less numerous, allow interesting comparisons and a better understanding of the topic. The large variety of the identified models led me to develop a detailed typology of these forms, from the most ancient ones up to those of the Roman period. The consulted publications significantly changed our knowledge of the beds adorned with bronze as well as those adorned with bone carvings. By contrast, instances of ivory beds are extremely rare, whether it be in Italy or in the whole Roman world. Thus, the discovery at Cumae of the vestiges of three ivory beds, adorned with this precious material, serves as essential and unique testimony. The fragments were mixed with the bones of the deceased and placed in urns, themselves located in important mausoleums. Their remarkable quality and meticulous workmanship, clearly visible upon some pieces, which survived the destruction caused by the cremation, as well as the iconographic staged patterns, testify to the conspicuous intentions of their owners, anxious to show their social status, their wealth and their virtues to the living. The contextualization and close study of these three beds, along with a comparison with the known examples, led for each of them to an attempt at a graphic restoration, as a prerequisite for an iconographical and iconological analysis. The achieved results, correlated with the mausoleums where they were found, led to a much more precise understanding of those beds and of the prominent position they enjoyed at the funeral ceremony
Berrendonner, Clara. "Les élites de l'Etrurie septentrionale (IIIe siècle av. J. -C. - Ier siècle ap. J. -C. )." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010615.
Full textGomez, Elian. "Agde et son territoire (VIIe - Ier siècles avant J. -C. )." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10117.
Full textValerio, Gaia Deivid. "Pratiques financières dans le monde romain : le prêt d'argent et le taux d'intérêt du Ier siècle av. J.-C. au Ier siècle ap. J.-C." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0098.
Full textFinancial practices in the Roman world: money loan and interest rates from the: 1st century BC to the 1st century AD -The objective of this research is to study how the Romans reacted to the financial crisis and tensions in the credit market; how they benefited from credit and money loan at interest, morally accepted on condemned according to the time and social environment, even though totally indispensable for the functioning of society. More specifically, the study focuses on the analysis of money loan at interest in Rome and the Italian peninsula in the, late Republic (from 89 BC) until the 1st century AD (until 64 AD), giving primary' emphasis to the study of the changes interest rates in "normal" periods and in "crisis" periods, and the role of government in limiting interest rate and in solving financial problems. As for the documentation, it is relatively abundant but extremely dispersed and of delicate interpretation. Thus, to cover the entire study period, ail literary, legal and epigraphic sources available are analyzed, and are susceptible to clarify, directly or indirectly the central question of this research
Péré-Maffre, Catherine. "Les décrets honorifiques à Priène, étude d'une société : (IVème siècle a. C.-Ier siècle a. C.)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30024.
Full textPriene, a small ionian city-state, presents with its honorific decrees, an image of its civic ideal and its evolution. This documents allow to define the situation of the notables/evergetes in the city and their relationship with the polis
Charbonnier, Julien. "Les systèmes d'irrigation en Arabie méridionale (IVe millénaire av. J. -C. - Ier millénaire ap. J. -C. )." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010616.
Full textBonsangue, Maria-Luisa. "L'emporion de Narbonne : économie et société (IIe siècle av. J.-C.-Ier siècle ap. J.-C.)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010685.
Full textCastorio, Jean-Noël. "INELVCTABILE FATVM. Mourir en Gaule Mosellane : (Ier s. av. J.-C. - IVe s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN21025.
Full textThis thesis deals with the funerary data (archeological digs, funerary monuments) that were collected in the territory of the three cities of the Moselle valley, i.e. the city of the Leuci, that of the Mediomatrici and that of the Treveri. The first chapter is mostly concerned with the relevant historiography as well as the latest orientations of research on death in antiquity : it includes in particular a critical review of the main approaches that have been used to interpret funerary data. It also examines the main problem posed by such data, especially when it comes to matters of dating. The next three chapters look at things from a diachronic point of view : they deal with the evolution of burial places in the Moselle region, from the eve of Caesar's conquest of Gaul to Claudius's reign (chapter 2), from the middle of the 1st century to the middle of the 3rd century (chapter 3), and during the latter period of antiquity. The next two chapters are case-studies and concentrate on the problem of «romanisation » : the main point is to try and determine just how valid the concept is. Chapter 5 focuses on the metropoles of the communities that used to live in the foothills of the Vosges, while chapter 6 is concerned with the funeral treatment of children who died in infancy. The last chapter is about the numerous ancient monumenta bearing inscriptions or sculptures that were excavated in the Moselle region
Hilbold, Ilse. "" Habiter dans des jardins " : pratiques sociales et politiques des horti résidentiels de la Ville de Rome - Ier siècle avant J.-C. - Ier siècle après J.-C." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG033.
Full textIn the last few decades, research on Roman aristocracy has been largely diversified by extending its scope, over and beyond well-known political and prosopographical aspects, to new issues such as the forms of communication of the elite, the semiology of power, or the relation between political practices and space. This PhD follows these paths and introduces an important innovation: if the space of the aristocratic life has long been considered as a dichotomy between urbs and rus, between domus and uilla, the present work demonstrates the relevance of a third place long neglected by researchers,the residential horti of Rome. The study of gardens as aristocratic residences, located in green spaces outside of the city and at the same time very close to it, allows for the replacement of traditional domus-uilla dichotomy by the domus-horti-uilla triptych and leads to the discovery a little known place of political action along with the conditions and potential for interaction proper to this third place of residence. The study of horti is based primarily on a systematic analysis of numerous literarysources; it takes into account archaeological data wherever available. The study of garden historiography is a preliminary to the conceptualization of this study
Carbillet, Aurélie. "La Figure hathorique à Chypre : (IIe-Ier mill. av. J.-C.)." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1002.
Full textThis study deals with the origin, the identity, the place and the functions of the Hathoric figure in Cyprus (IInd-Irst millennium BC), through the inventory, the systematic and attentive study of its representations and of the supports which receive them. An exam of the representations of the Egyptian goddess was essential to define the iconographic characteristics of the Hathoric figure in order to identify and isolate, among the Cypriote furniture, the imagery of the goddess. These testimonia were listed in an exhaustive catalog, classified according to their material, their kind of support and their place of discovery with the aim of facilitating their study. This catalog is the base of this reflection built around 3 chapters: iconographic, stylistic and contextual study of each document. This study had one achievement: understanding and redrawing the history of this divine figure, from its origins to its disappearance. A first analytical chapter so supplies a punctual but detailed interpretation of every document in chronological and comparative viewpoints. Two other chapters are more synthetic: the second defines the identity of this divine figure in Cyprus (forms, attributes, functions) and wonders about its links with the Great Cypriote Goddess; the last one proposes an identification of the historic process and the intentions which preside over the penetration of this Egyptian divinity, its transposition, in Cyprus, in divine figure and its disappearance in 4th BC
Yon, Jean-Baptiste. "Les notables de Palmyre, Ier s. Av. J. -C. -IIIe s. Apr. J. -C. : études d'histoire sociale." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR2027.
Full textRouveret, Agnès. "Histoire et imaginaire de la peinture ancienne : Ve siècle av. J.-C.-Ier siècle ap. J.-C. /." Rome : Paris : Ecole française de Rome ; diff. de Boccard, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35045326m.
Full textCaron, Michel. "Géographie et iconographie de divinités gauloises en Lyonnaise (Ier s. Av. J-C/IIIème s. Ap. J-C)." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4122.
Full textWorks carried out in the scope of this thesis focus on the evolution of four divinities of gallic origine: Taranis, Cernunnos, Epona and Sucellus. The research area is the providence of Lyonnaise, and the chronological period located between the end of the independence period (1st century BC) and the middle of the 3rd century AD. The majority of pictures of these four divinities have been discovered in the city of Eduens, religious heart of the province. Contrary to generally preconceived ideas, it has been demonstrated that cults'traces at Epona and Sucellus have been discovered in the west and north of the province (Armorique, Britanny, future Normandy, near the mouth of the Seine). Another well anchored preconceived point of view has been that where occupying cults did settle, and in the forefront the imperial cult, indigenous cults were well represented, but were not practised in similar conditions. Taranis associated to Jupiter in his primitive version, disappeared in the 2nd century of our ere, followed closely by Cernunnos. The most represented divinities, Epona and Sucellus disappeared in all likelihood at the advent of christianity
Le, Boulaire Christian. "La céramique antique du Mans (Ier siècle a. C. -IIIe siècle p. C. ) : dynamique d'un faciès céramique régional." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010510.
Full textChemain, Jean-François. "Le cautionnement dans le monde romain du IIe siècle av. J.-C. au Ier siècle ap. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040037.
Full textJean-François Chemain's thesis carries " the caution money in the Roman world of the IIth century BC in Ier century AD ". It was led from literary, legal and epigraphic sources. In his first part, the author studies the actors of the caution money (guarantors and guarantee) at the end of the Republic: the relations that they maintained some with the others, the social category to which they belonged, the motives which they had to stand surety, and the strategies which it could hide. In the second part, he asks the questionof the 5 leges de sponsu (lex Publilia, lex Appuleia, lex Furia, lex Cicereia, lex Cornelia), trying, from their own logic, to reconstitute the objectives of the legislator and therefore, to date them. And so he places the first one in a " long second century BC " Maybe at the time of Gracques, and the four last ones between 67 and 47 BC The third part of the thesis is dedicated to the future of the caution money at the beginning of the Princedom, marked by a visible attempt to frame( it (appearance of the fideiussio) and to limit its usage (preference for the real guarantees, the limitation of the opportunities to guarantee). In the fourth part, finally, Jean-François Chemain puts evidence that the caution money is a good marker of the main evolutions of the Roman society at the time of the "Passage"
Kyriakidis, Nicolas. "Delphôn Politeia : étude d'une communauté politique (VIe-Ier siècle av. J.-C.)." Strasbourg, 2010. http://scd-theses.u-strasbg.fr/2048/.
Full textThis work is primarily concerned with the city-state (polis) of Delphi between the 6th and 1st century B. C. The procedure adopted entails the study of a political community revolving around a human group within its structure, function and interaction. This case study is specifically more interesting since Delphi is an exceptionally well documented example of a small or medium city. The first part is dedicated to the community’s identity, essentially reached through its Creational Myths. The second part analyses the issues of functionality: formal functionality through the study of institutions and sociopolitical functionalities through the study of the actors of its political activities (individuals, families, political groups). The third part seeks to demonstrate how the Delphians faced the challenge that represented the occupation of their territory in which a panhellenic sanctuary was installed. They also had to equally share its administrational responsibilities with the Amphictyonic League, which was an association that gathered representatives from the cities and ethne nearest to the sanctuary, but also how they succeeded to preserve the essential of their political identity through a sequence of unequally intrusive hegemonies. An epilogue is dedicated to the periodisation which can be applied to the different dimensions of community’s life. This study is thereby a contribution to a better knowledge of the «complex» of Delphi (sanctuary, cult and oracle under the double administration of the city and Amphictyonic League), where the city holds an important place ; it is also an essay about global history of the political fact inside this city
Iacoboni, Anna. "La valeur politique du mos maiorum au Ier siècle avant J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040194.
Full textMos maiorum is based on memory and it has an oral nature. The Quiritary Law was primarily based on mores. They regulated the the way of living both of familiae and patrician gentes. Prior to the writing of Twelve Tables, the law was oral and the knowledge as well as the interpretation of the law were the prerogatives of the pontiffs. The oral nature of the tradition makes it possible for the patricians and, then, for the patrician-plebeian nobility to provoke its political manipulation. Thereafter, we will enlighten the transition from the Pontifical Law to secular iurisprudentia, which appears approximately at the 3rd century BC. We will also clarify the evolution of relations between the auctoritas of the ruling class and the claim for equity in the legal area appealed by the people. We will shed light on the crisis of tradition in the late republican era. The calling to the mos maiorum by Cicero and Sallust is a part of the project to implement a political renewal of the res publica on a moral basis. Mos maiorum is mentioned in the hope of returning to the res publica of maiores. However, at that time, the state collapses and citizens are not equal to their ancestors. Both Cicero and Sallust are aware that tradition can not be a model in their time. Indeed, the latter has changed profoundly over time. Moreover, the evocation of the mos maiorum is put both by the optimates and by the populares for opposite political purposes. A tendency to widespread individualism in the late-republican society is the cause of the collapse of the res publica
Stevanato, Clara. "Sénateurs et mémoire dans l'épigraphie funéraire de l'Italie romaine (Ier siècle av J.-C. - IIIème siècle apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a5d9b8c3-da77-4075-9d1e-70a19f50d1d1.
Full textThe research focuses on the funerary epigraphic documentation intended to commemorate the members of the senatorial class in Roman Italy between late Republic and III-IV century AD. The novelty of the subject lies in the exploration of the "amplissimus ordo " "in death" and in the evaluation of the information potential deriving from the valorization of the burial ground. The study therefore fills a gap in modern doctrine and explores different strands of historical-lexicon, the topography of senatorial properties. The creation of an epigraphic corpus set on a regional basis, which constitutes a new repertory instrument for the scientific community, has been followed by the analysis of the inscriptions composing the catalogue, in order to deepen the emerging thematic elements and provide a framework, at the same time general and particular, of the collected documentation
Bilodeau, Maude. "La régulation du récepteur P2X7 par le glucose et ses effecteurs C/EBP[alpha] et [beta] dans les cellules épithéliales intestinales." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6275.
Full textPétry-Beauzon, Elodie. "L' intégration des italiens dans le monde grec : IIe-Ier av. J. C." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE4043.
Full textHatzfeld is the first having studied this field in Les trafiquants italiens dans l'Orient hellénistique, 1919, Cassola, Donati, Wilson and Errington followed this direction, so did Ch. Muller and Cl. Hasenohr in 1998 during the colloquium: “Les Italiens dans le monde grec”. Three points are successively studied here: 1- a methodological approach based on onomastic and a frame of the stages of roman domination. 2- The study of the collective denominations used : parepidemountes, those who are just passing, Katoikountes, those who are living there, pragmateuomenoi, those who are doing business, enektemenoi, those who own lands. . . 3- The study of the different forms of individual integration through funeral epigraphy which allows to discover mixed union, ephebical and agonistical lists which set the problem of relationship between epheby and citizenship and honorific inscriptions which show Roman in the city. Finally, we analyse the rare attestations of grant of citizenship to people with roman onomastic like Aulus Aemilius Zosimos in Priene. To conclude, we point on the reality of inscription even concerning mostly freedmen, on the possibility of extending this research to Roman Empire searching, like A. J. Spawforth, if negociatores where among ancestors of roman senators of Greek origins. Roman integration would demonstrate that greeks mastered on cultural point of view but it would demonstrate that Greeks masterd on cultural point of view but it would also reveal a more human aspect of roman domination
Perrin, Franck. ""Corralium rubrum L. " en Gaule, du VIe au Ier siècle avant J. -C." Paris, EPHE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPHEA001.
Full textBelkahia, Karoui Thouraya. "Elites des cités de "Byzacène" du Ier au IVe siècle après J. -C." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA01A003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the complexity and different points of view of leadings citizens's life. The thermes studied are as followas : family relationship ; the elites's role in the city, in the provine and in the empire ; their fortune ; ultimately, the divinities devoted and their religion s'attitude at the ivth century, when the christianity triumphed officially in the roman world. All this permit to end at this conclusion : if the emergence, the enrechiment and the social succes of bycacen's leading citizens in iisd et in the first half of the iiid centuries, their descendants displayed a considerable effort, from the reign of diocletien to conserve and to maintain social, culture and juridical forms inherent in roman cities
Fröhlich, Pierre. "Le contrôle des magistrats dans les cités grecques (IVe-Ier s. Av. J. -C. )." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040270.
Full textAs far back as the classical period, the Greek cities had already established a control over their magistrates. It consisted in a permanent surveying of their activities while in office and then in an audit of their accounts to which they were submitted when leaving. At the classical period, this control was known but only in Athens. From the fourth to the first century B. C. , the epigraphical documentation enables to prove the existence of this control in most of the Greek cities. The more often it was under the responsibility of a commission of magistrate surveyors. Furthermore, any citizen could pursue a magistrate thus taking part in this control. At the late Hellenistic period, the situation is more contrasted: the control remains yet in some of the cities its impact either decreases or evolves due to changes in the procedures, the more often to the expense of the ordinary citizen. However, we do not have enough documentation to be perfectly sure of it
Petrazoller, Christine. "La stasis dans les cités grecques du IVe au Ier siècle avant J.-C." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC017.
Full textOmnipresent in the greek world, stasis represents the dark side of city’s history. The tradition sees in her a social evil, a desease how comes fall on her. Stasis is the war, polemos, that the city makes to herself, it’s the division from on in two. Of varying intensity, stasis can takes a legal form of conflict between two political groups, from the moment that she’s not obstruct the functioning of the institutions and that she does not divide the community in two irreductible camps. It’s only in extreme cases, when no compromise is possible, that she takes the form of sedition. It’s at this key moment, when the conflict comes to a head, when everything stops, and when violence cause bloodshed, we dedicate this study. Our investigation covers a rich period on political earthquakes, from the reign of Philip II to the wars of Mithridates. To measure the magnitude and the extent of the phenomenon over almost three century of history, we made up from literary and epigraphic sources a chronological table of the staseis, which allows us to analyze the different aspects of the phenomenon : its extent, its causes, the social groups involved, the modus operandi, the radical behavior, the dissolution of the conflict and the measures adopted to preserve the constitution and concord
Dubois-Pélerin, Éva. "Le luxe privé à Rome et en Italie au Ier siècle après J.-C. /." Naples : Paris : Centre Jean Bérard ; diff. de Boccard, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41398609p.
Full textChebra, Djamila. "L’architecture publique de Lugdunum : les monuments et leur décor du Ier siècle avant J.-C. au IIIe siècle après J.-C." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/fellague-chebra_d.
Full textThis study reviews the knowledge of the main public buildings of Lyon in the Roman period. It is so question of the surrounding wall and the doors ; bridges ; temples ; of the presumed forum ; palaces ; monuments of spectacle ; thermal baths and buildings of indefinite nature. In a first part, every monument is presented by taking into account all the elements that can supply informations : vestiges in place of monuments, blocks which result from these buildings and which were so far neglected, the inscriptions and the sculpture. The author so brings precision or new elements on certain buildings concerning their shape, their date of construction or restoration, their nature, or even their location. It is the case for example of the circus the existence of which is attested by inscriptions but the place of which we ignored. Monuments of which we did not suspect the existence were besides identified thanks to the study of the blocks untied from their context. The second part is dedicated to the description of the blocks which were not able to be restored to a monument and which it was useful to integrate for the typological analysis of the constituents of the orders and the decorative motives. The third part groups together syntheses on the architectural decoration, on the public buildings, on the main phases of the monumental development and on workshops which worked on the realization of the monuments of Lyon. By defining the place of the architectural decoration of Lugdunum within the other western cities of the Roman Empire, this synthesis so exceeds the executive of the archaeology of Lyon
Chebra, Djamila Moretti Jean-Charles. "L'architecture publique de Lugdunum les monuments et leur décor du Ier siècle avant J.-C. au IIIe siècle après J.-C. /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/fellague-chebra_d.
Full textBoudreau, François. "Régulation de l'expression des isoformes C/EBP?, ? et ? dans la lignée intestinale épithéliale de crypte de rat IEC-6." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/12056.
Full textCarrier, Caroline. "Cnossos de l’époque classique à l’époque impériale (Ve siècle avant J.-C.-Ier siècle après J.-C.) : étude de numismatique et d’histoire." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL034.
Full textKnossos is mainly known for its Minoans remains and little work has been undertaken on the later periods in spite of the many studies on historic Crete published in the last twenty years. Antiquity is nevertheless fundamental in its history. Indeed, between the 5th century BC and the middle of the 1st century AD, it is the story of a city politically powerful in Crete and then a prosperous Roman colony which can be seen because of the published archaeological and textual sources, and an unpublished coin corpus. The first part of the thesis is a study of the coins struck at Knossos during the entire operational period of the mint; it shows first a catalogue of 2970 Knossian coins, the archaeological contexts of the Knossian coins in the Greek world and the coins found during excavations of the site. Then, each series is studied (typology, die study, metrology and dating). The second part is a study of Knossos divided into three sections corresponding to the Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods. For each, the borders, the spatial organisation and historical events are studied with all available sources: numismatics, archaeological remains and epigraphic and literary texts. These two parts work with an annexe and illustrations volume (volume 2) which is composed mainly of a remains list dug between the end of the 19th century and today, the tombs and the epigraphic texts discovered at/or about the city
Hulot, Sophie. "La violence de guerre dans le monde romain (fin du IIIème s. av. J.-C.- fin du Ier s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30050.
Full textWhat outlook did the Romans have on war violence? This deceptively simple question has never actually been posed in these terms since Rome has most often been described as an invariably aggressive and brutal power. A reappraisal of the approaches on this question is however possible by drawing both on the concept of war culture developed with regard to contemporary history and on anthropology and sociology. More precisely, the angle chosen for this research was that of the human cost of war. It allows a better understanding of the way Roman society responded to the potentially disruptive effects of war losses and wounded soldiers. It also helps to better grasp Rome’s behaviour towards its enemies by offering a finer reading on the kinds of circumstances and interactions in which war violence was used. Focusing more particularly on the body, but also on the practical conditions of military activity and finally on Roman social relationships, this study aims at contributing to Rome’s military, cultural and social history. It explores three fields of investigation. The first one deals with the soldiers’ relationship to war violence in the environment of battle itself, highlighting the way they endured the various intensities of conflicts, putting up with them or, at times, expressing their discontent with the way war was conducted. The types of wounds, the medical system and the relationships between the troops and their leaders were more specifically analysed. Secondly attention is paid to the responses of Roman society as a whole to war losses and wounded soldiers. The unconditionally aggressive dimension of the Roman war ‘ethos’ has in particular been qualified, with a focus on the protests against the human cost of war when sensed as excessive. The responses of those in power were subsequently examined from a chronological perspective. The last part centres on the Roman modes of resorting to war violence: the circumstances governing its various uses, the self-restrictive mechanisms, the coherent justificatory discourse, its comparatively common nature in the ancient world. In the end, this research has better brought to light the thresholds of Roman sensitivity to the human cost of war
Pasquini, Béline. "Mesurer le développement économique en Gaule du Ier siècle av. J.-C. au VIIe siècle ap. J.-C. : analyse méthodologique et épistémologique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H007.
Full text‘Under the Roman rule, through established peace and security, the Gauls … enjoyed wealth and luxury.’ Fustel de Coulanges’ famous argument represents the traditional consensus which is still widely shared within academia: the coming of the Romans made their provinces safe and prosperous, and their downfall left their subjects in the ‘Dark Ages’. However, since the 1970s, the re-evaluations of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages have brought into question the dramatic difference in economic development before and after the Roman occupation. To test the relevance of this conclusion to the Roman Gaul, I use the Gallic region as a case study and re-appraise living conditions from the end of the Iron Age (1st c. BC) to the beginning of the Middle Ages (7th c. AD). When did the Gauls have the best life? When did they fare worst? My dissertation offers an innovative methodological and epistemological framework to synthesize diverse archaeological evidence and measure the economic development in the ancient world. This project applies modern criteria of measuring economic development through two dimensions: growth and well-being. Both dimensions require quantitative analyses to reconstruct the fluctuations. For growth, my core discussion focuses on a critical review of all the proxies and models used to restore the economic conditions through archaeological data. For well-being, I propose multiple models to reflect different aspects (security, inequalities, health, etc.) through material evidence. In the end, my dissertation reveals the possibility of conducting meaningful and sophisticated measurement and discussions of ancient economic development. My re-examinations of previous approaches and data also yields a clear definition of the limits which our evidence can reflect of the ancient world
Cariou, Gérald. "Morituri te salutant : La Naumachie à Rome et dans l'empire romain du Ier Av. J.-C. au Ve siècle Ap. J.-C." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN1442.
Full textVurpillot, Damien. "Les sanctuaires des eaux en Gaule de l'est : origine, organisation et évolution (Ier siècle av. J.-C. - IVe siècle après J.-C.)." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1018/document.
Full textThis study aims to evaluate the importance of sacred water and cults connected with waters as part of eastern Gaul religious landscape, through the evolution of cult places and ritual practices. By extension, our goals is toprovide a better understanding of the transformations impacting religious activities and how it connects to the promotion of Romanitas by Gallic communities.The religious history of Gaul is well-known for conveying problematic concepts such as "naturist cults" or, in our case, "water cults". Therefore, we strived to study modern literary sources in order to deconstruct historiographical myths. Then, we completed this overview through a diligent re-reading of ancient sources. At this point, we were convinced that "water cult" was a flexible religious concept. Gallic communities would seize the idea of sacred water and cults connected with waters, and adapt it to their needs, even is shared religious norms seem to transcend time and cultures. In order to put this hypothesis to test, we challenged it against archaeological data through a selection of cult places from eastern Gaul, which, in return, allowed us to identify two main chronological phases forming the pattern of the evolution of water cults in Gallo-Roman religious landscape. The first chronological phase stretch from the first century B.C. to the first half of the first century A.D., when this new facet becomes an increasingly growing trend. Afterwards, that new religious discourse reaches a form of maturity starting from the second half of the first century
Gondet, Sébastien. "Occupation de la plaine de Persépolis au Ier millénaire av. J.-C. (Fars central, Iran)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20026/document.
Full textFounded by Darius I (522-486 BC), Persepolis represented one of the seats of the kings of the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC). Moreover, the site served as an administrative and economic centre and acted as capital for the vast province, named Persia, situated in the heart of the Empire. The spatial character of both the royal site as well as the wider hinterland it controlled, the vast surrounding plain, are however largely unknown.The study aims at providing better insight in both the occupation of the site of Persepolis, stretching from the monumental terrace to the royal necropolis 6 km farther north, along with that of the supporting plain. It therefore frames and evaluates the Achaemenid period within the context of the first millennium BC. At the outset, the study integrates the environmental dynamics of the region. The research was based on the methods of archaeological survey (field survey and geophysical methods) and allowed to reconstruct a ‘city’ composed of different functional zones (common housing, industrial quarters, elite residences, and royal monuments) separated from one another by large areas, presumably unbuilt though exploited.For the plain (100 by 30 km), the survey of Achaemenid sites was biased by the important destructions by recent development (industrialised agriculture, urbanism, transport and communication). Research has therefore been focussed on a number of preserved sites on the one hand and on selected piedmont areas on the other. These surveys brought to light a scattered occupation, predominantly situated in the northern part of the plain, also encompassing the Persepolis zone, while the southern region of the plain was less occupied. Nonetheless, this reconstruction should take into account the important reduction of archaeological potential, particularly in the case of a study focussing on the Achaemenid occupation since settlement in the wider Persepolis area was first and foremost of rural natural and of rather modest size
Pevear, Darya. "La traduction en Mésopotamie : textes littéraires bilingues suméro-akkadiens du Ier millénaire avant J.-C." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE5009/document.
Full textThe present research seeks to analyze Sumero-Akkadian literary bilingualism in 1st millennium B.C. texts from the point of view of the scribes’ translation methods. In order to do so, I have used recent research in Translation Studies, a field in which different translation methods are analyzed and explained. I have specifically focused on recent linguistic and hermeneutic research applied to translation, in order to understand the intellectual processes allowing the passage from one language to another. This approach has allowed me to show how Mesopotamian translation is truly the first witness to a reflection on translation, language in general, and the transmission of knowledge, while taking into account its specificities, such as the importance of the cuneiform writing system, the region’s multilingualism, and the mentalities of the late period scholars, who believed that any natural phenomenon could and had to be explained in writing. Multilingualism existed in Mesopotamia throughout its entire history, but Sumero-Akkadian bilingualism was a specific kind of bilingualism, used exclusively in literary and religious texts from the IInd millennium B.C. onwards. Sumero-Akkadian translation can therefore be compared to divination or philosophy, and did not seek to be precise or literal. It also represented a unique way of transmitting knowledge and a unique understanding of the multiplicity of languages and their importance in the transmission of ancient texts, which had both cultural and ideological value
Chouery, Viviane. "Le culte de Dionysos en Syrie romaine du Ier au IVeme siècle après J. -C." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040122.
Full textThe cult of Dionysus was introduced in Syria as early as the conquest of Alexander the Great (333 B. C. ), and its large diffusion in the region at Hellenistic period, has been favored by his successors, the Ptolemes and the Seleucids. The imagery of Dionysus, as civilisator god, favored the survey of the dionysiac cult during the roman period, when it knows a great success. During the two first centuries b. C. , Dionysus has been adored in Syria, and specially in Palmyra, as god of dead persons. Over almost four centuries, the Syrians illustrated the episods of the dionysiac cycle on different monuments: coins, mosaics, reliefs, sarcophagus, and on the architectural reliefs of the public and religious buildings, while following the Greco-Roman, or local schemes. The numerous Bacchic representations grouped in our catalogue, explain the popularity of these themes, the important place that Dionysus occuped in the Syrian pantheon between the first and the fourth centuries a. D. , as well as the survival of his cult until the end of paganism. We can also explain the popularity of Dionysus in roman Syria, through the religious syncretic phenomenon's, which favored, during the two first centuries a. D. , the assimilation of Dionysus with some Syrians gods: gods of vegetation and the revival of the nature, who die and born again periodically. Mystic god, god of vine and wine, god of gladness and pleasure, god of banquet, theatre and spectacles, Bacchus has provoked the devotion of Syrian people's. Finally, numerous are the historic documents which attest the cult of Dionysus in the traditions of roman Syria cities
Bonaventure, Bertrand. "Céramiques et société chez les Leuques et les Médiomatriques : IIe-Ier siècles avant J.-C." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BONAVENTURE_Bertrand_2010_1.pdf.
Full textThis study, which is mainly based on the exhaustive study of ceramics from Nasium and the Fossé des Pandours, surveys what is known about these kinds of Leuque and Mediomatric artefacts. At the crossroads of three great cultural domains of the end of protohistory (Central Eastern Gaul, Belgium, Rhineland), these two peoples present mixed identities which are particularly well embodied in their pottery. The culinary ceramics in particular show the existence of micro-regional groups subject to various influences, their boundaries rarely matching known political borders. Moreover, economic interactions revealed by ceramics sold on a regional scale, are also independent of political entities. As for imported artefacts, they show commercial links with the Mediterranean world, calling into question the impact of Romanisation : whereas certain consumption practices evolved in contact with Rome, culinary traditions remained traditional, seeming to have developed independently of any Mediterranean influence
Diese Arbeit, die sich hauptsächlich auf das erschöpfende Studium von Keramiken (Oppidums Nasium, Fossé des Pandours) stützt, bildet die Synthese von Keramik bei den Leuken und Mediomatriken. Diese beide Völker liegen an der Kreuzung von den drei grossen kulturellen Gebieten der Protogeschichte (Zentren-Osten von Gallien, Belgien, Rhenanisches Gebiet) und zeigen eine gemischte kulturelle Identität. Diese wird besonders deutlich bei der verwendeten Töpferei. Kulinarische Keramiken weisen namentlich auf die Existenz mikroregionaler Gruppen hin, die unter verschiedene Einflüsse stehen und deren Grenzen den bekannten politischen Grenzen selten entsprechen. Die wirtschaftlichen Interaktionen, die sich durch die Vermarktung von Keramiken auf regionaler Ebene zeigen, hängen ebenfalls von der politischen Entitäten. Einfuhrmaterial weist übrigens auf Geschäftsverbindungen mit dem mittelländischen Raum hin und wirft die Frage der Wirkung der Romanisierung auf. Gewisse Verbrauchsgewöhnheiten haben sich wahrscheinlich nur durch Kontakte mit Rom entwickeln können, aber die kulinarischen Gegebenheiten bleiben von der Tradition geprägt und scheinen sich unabhängig vom mittelländischen Einfluss entwickelt zu haben
GIOTOPOULOU, DAVID ATHENA. "L'architecture de conglomerat en grece propre (continentale et egeenne) au ier millenaire av. J. -c." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR20052.
Full textLe, Quéré Enora. "Les Cyclades sous l'Empire Romain (Ier s. av. J.-C. - IIIe s. ap. J.-C.) : formes et limites d'une renaissance économique et sociale." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011576.
Full textSartre-Fauriat, Annie. "Des tombeaux et des morts : monuments funéraires, iconographie et société en Syrie du Sud (Ier siècle av. J.-C. - VIIème ap. J.-C.)." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010650.
Full textThe hawran has always been considered as a marginal world, out of the great cultural streams of hellenism and romanism. Thanks to largely original documentation (tombs, sarcophagues, funeral statues, epitaphs) all the problem about death, family life and social relations on this point are explored and we ask about possible foreig influences since funeral customs often resist change, because of the intimate caracter of beliefs. If native traditions persist in inhumation methods, funeral monuments bulding, commemoration and representation of the dead, often an evolution influenced by greek culture is clear from the first century b. C. However, distinguishing the part played by each presents some difficulties, frequently we observe a mixture and coexistence between the two styles. Neither differences in quality, nor the more or lessgreat foreign influences are good examples for dating, fine or mediocre monuments, evident native traditions and grecoroman influences are contemporary, even they involve social differences coming from financial ones. During the 3rd and mostly during the 4th century a. D. We note the presence of a social elite composed by great land awners and veterans who bear witness of their wealth and of real greek culture through the contents of verse epitaphs inspired by classical poets, in which they prefer to demonstrate their qualities of good citizens instead of their religious beliefs. Hawran in spite of its relative removal from the great centers of greek culture. .
Kaurin, Jenny. "Recherches autour du métal : les assemblages funéraires trévires : fin du IIIe s. av. J.-C. - troisième quart du Ier s. ap. J.-C." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL017.
Full textThis work is an essay of characterization and classification of the deposits of objects put down in graves and aims at understanding their evolution between the end of the 3rd century BC and the 3rd quarter of Ist century AD. The study concern 1181 graves, coming from 10 cemeteries of the territory of Treviri. The report counts four parts. The first part sums up studies about funeral deposits (especially about metallic objects in graves) and explains the developed methodological approach : a functional approach of objects integrated into a multidimensional statistical treatment (ACP). The second part proposes a classification of graves according to their associations of objects and analyze their chronological evolution. An hypothesis of hierachical reading is proposed for the different objects and the groups they characterized. The third part analyzes the evolution of funeral deposits inside each cemeteries. The fourth part synthetizes all the phenomena observed and tries to propose an interpreted reading. So funeral deposits are the reflection of ritual practices testifying of a big stability during all the studied period. They are also the reflection of a social history. This history testifies of an internal evolution of the Treviri society, driving to the recognition of craftsmen in the augustean period, according to a process begun during LT D1 and precipitated by the war. This history testifies also of the economic boom of the big towns thanks to the Roman presence
Polinski, Alexandre. "Provenance et utilisation de la pierre dans la basse vallée de la Loire (Ier siècle av. J. -C-VIIIe siècle ap. J. -C. )." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3028.
Full textFrance, Jérôme. "Quadragesima galliarum : l'organisation douanière des provinces alpestres, gauloises et germaniques de l'Empire romain : Ier siècle avant J.-C.-IIIe siècle après J.-C. /." Rome : Paris : École française de Rome ; diff. de Boccard, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376560105.
Full textBarbau, Clémentine. "Romanisation et vie quotidienne : le petit mobilier de type italique en Gaule interne (IIe siècle av. J.-C. - Ier siècle ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG016/document.
Full textFor the last two centuries before our era, italic type objects, which means objects that are characterizing the material culture of Tardo-republican Italia, are progressively appearing in Gaul. The identification of these everyday objects and their typological and contextual analysis allow a renewed approach of the Gaul romanization phenomenon. The objective of this thesis is to highlight, the chronological, spatial and cultural modalities of the diffusion of such furniture. The comparison of the results with the data provided by the ceramological and architectural studies allows to improve the description of the acculturation process. The behavioral diversity towards the reception of exogenous furniture is underlined by the nature of the sites and the diversity of the considered objects. Local elites, whether by participating in commercial exchanges or by joining the army, have played a major role in the interactions with Italia, from the diffusion of these objects to the integration of the new italic models
Pierrevelcin, Gilles. "Les relations entre la Bohême et la Gaule du IVe au Ier s. Av. J. -C." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599392.
Full textTouati, Charlotte. "Le Purgatoire dans les littératures d'Égypte et d'Afrique du Nord (Ier-IVe s. ap. J.-C.)." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771176.
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