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1
Özben, Murat, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Malene K. B. Freiin von Streit, Edwina J. A. Wilkes, Kristopher J. Hughes, and Jürgen Krücken. "Absence of Polymorphisms in Codons 167, 198 and 200 of All Seven β-tubulin Isotypes of Benzimidazole Susceptible and Resistant Parascaris spp. Specimens from Australia." Pathogens 11, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050490.
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Benzimidazoles resistance is widespread in strongyle parasitic nematodes and associated with polym orphisms in the codons 167, 198 and 200 of isotype 1 β-tubulin (tbb-1). In ascarids, benzimidazole (BZ) resistance has rarely been reported and in none of these cases were any of these polymorphisms detected. Here, available genome and transcriptome data from WormBase ParaSite were used to compare the complete β-tubulin reservoirs of Parascaris univalens, Ascaris suum and Ascaris lumbricoides. Adult Parascaris spp. specimens collected in Australia from horses after BZ treatment (susceptible, n = 13) or surviving BZ treatment and collected after ivermectin treatment (resistant, n = 10) were genotyped regarding codons 167, 198 and 200 using Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses clearly showed that there are no one-to-one ascarid orthologs of strongyle tbb-1 genes. In the reference genomes, as well as phenotypically susceptible and resistant Parascaris spp. from Australia, six out of seven β-tubulin genes showed a BZ-susceptible genotype (F167, E198, F200). The only exception were the testis-specific β-tubulin D genes from all three ascarid species that encode tyrosine at codon 200. This was observed independently of the BZ-susceptibility phenotype of Parascaris spp. These data suggest that different mechanisms lead to BZ resistance in ascarid and strongyle nematodes.
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Cordaro, Enrique G., Patricio Venegas, and David Laroze. "Latitudinal variation rate of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity in the active Chilean convergent margin." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-275-2018.
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Abstract. We present a different view of secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field, through the variations in the threshold rigidity known as the variation rate of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (VRc). As the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (Rc) lets us differentiate between charged particle trajectories arriving at the Earth and the Earth's magnetic field, we used the VRc to look for internal variations in the latter, close to the 70° south meridian. Due to the fact that the empirical data of total magnetic field BF and vertical magnetic field Bz obtained at Putre (OP) and Los Cerrillos (OLC) stations are consistent with the displacement of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly (SAMA), we detected that the VRc does not fully correlate to SAMA in central Chile. Besides, the lower section of VRc seems to correlate perfectly with important geological features, like the flat slab in the active Chilean convergent margin. Based on this, we next focused our attention on the empirical variations of the vertical component of the magnetic field Bz, recorded in OP prior to the Maule earthquake in 2010, which occurred in the middle of the Chilean flat slab. We found a jump in Bz values and main frequencies from 3.510 to 5.860 µHz, in the second derivative of Bz, which corresponds to similar magnetic behavior found by other research groups, but at lower frequency ranges. Then, we extended this analysis to other relevant subduction seismic events, like Sumatra in 2004 and Tohoku in 2011, using data from the Guam station. Similar records and the main frequencies before each event were found. Thus, these results seem to show that magnetic anomalies recorded on different timescales, as VRc (decades) and Bz (days), may correlate with some geological events, as the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC).
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Weigert, Oliver, Eckhart Weidmann, Rudolf Mueck, Martin Bentz, Christoph von Schilling, Robert Rohrberg, Kathleen Jentsch-Ullrich, Michael Unterhalt, Wolfgang Hiddemann, and Martin H. Dreyling. "High Dose Cytarabine Salvage Regimen Combined with Bortezomib Is Feasible and Highly Effective in Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2449.2449.
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Abstract Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a subtype of malignant lymphoma with an especially poor prognosis. However, molecular targeted therapy may alter the natural history of disease. Bortezomib (BZ) is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of the 26S proteasome thereby interfering with intracellular protein homeostasis. Various clinical phase II trials revealed significant efficacy of BZ monotherapy in relapsed MCL with approximately 40% response rate, but rare CR and short duration of response. Based on our preclinical data demonstrating synergy of BZ and cytarabine (Ara-C) we performed a pilot study to explore the clinical impact of such combined approach. Treatment: 2 g/m2 Ara-C was applied on day 2 and 3 (1 g/m2 in patients with impaired hematopoiesis or age >60 years) combined with BZ 1.5 mg/m2 iv bolus (day 1 and 4). In addition, dexamethasone 40 mg was given over a 4 day period. R was added to the outlined regimen in 6 patients (375 mg/m2). Treatment was repeated in 3 week intervals for a total of 4 cycles with staging procedures performed after 2 and 4 cycles. Results: After informed consent 8 patients with relapsed or refractory advanced stage MCL were treated accordingly to the outlined protocol. Median age was 65 years (54–76), 5 patients were male. Median number of prior systemic therapies was 4 (2–7). All patients had previously been treated with CHOP and at least one rituximab (R)-containing regimen, 2 patients previously failed BZ monotherapy, and none of them was considered eligible for myeloablative treatment. Currently data from 7 patients are available for analysis of toxicity and response. At time of analysis, a total of 22 cycles has been applied with a median follow-up of 214 days (119–366). As expected, hematologic toxicity CTC grade III/IV occurred in all 7 patients, but only one case of neutropenic fever (grade 3) and no major bleeding were observed. Ara-C dose was reduced in 5 patients. Two patients developed new onset or worsening of preexisting polyneuropathy. Dose of BZ had to be reduced in 1 patient and stopped after cycle 2 in another patient with preexisting polyneuropathy. Of note, 2 patients developed herpes zoster (grade 2). In 3 patients treatment was stopped after cycle 2 due to insufficient response (progressive disease, stable disease and minimal response, respectively). In the 4 patients completing 4 cycles 1 CR and 3 PR were archieved. Conclusion: Salvage therapy with high-dose Ara-C combined with BZ in relapsed or refractory MCL was associated with considerable but manageable hematotoxicity and only few infectious complications. The high efficacy in heavily pretreated patients justifies a comparative trial of the European MCL Network evaluating a high-dose cytarabine containing regimen +/− BZ.
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Błaszkiewicz-Juszczęć, Dorota, Włodzimierz Czyczuła, and Dariusz Kudła. "Identification of Track Stability Model Parameters Based on Numerical Experiments." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020570.
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In the article, an identification method of railway track stability model parameters based on energy equilibrium is presented by the authors. A study of two parameters directly influencing the continuous welded track (CWR) stability is described by the authors, i.e., the rail-sleeper structure stiffness Bz is considered one beam, and the ballast lateral resistance r0. These parameters were estimated with the use of a numerical model for various railway track types. The adopted concept is based on the assumption that it is possible to determine substitute values for both parameters. Therefore, using one value of both of these parameters, we label them substitute parameters. The assumed numerical model forced lateral displacements of a track section, and, based on the obtained track section displacement results, energy equilibrium was determined. The equilibrium takes into account the work of external load and the bending work of rail-sleeper structure with the substitute stiffness Bz and the ballast deformation work, also with the substitute value of lateral resistance r0 with lateral displacement. The aim is to identify these substitute values to be used for analysing track stability with the semi-analytical model. These analyses are part of the studies related to the development of a method of assessing various methods of increasing track stability.
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Papanikolaou, Xenofon, Caleb K. Stein, Ricky D. Edmondson, Veronica Macleod, Ruslana Tytarenko, Bart Barlogie, Joshua Epstein, and Christoph Heuck. "47 Genes Define Myeloma Cell Acquired Resistance to Bortezomib and Have Profound Prognostic Implications in Multiple Myeloma." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.499.499.
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Abstract The proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Bz), the first agent of a new class of drugs in Multiple Myeloma (MM), has shown remarkable activity and forms an integral part of modern MM treatment. Nevertheless, resistance to Bz eventually develops in a significant proportion of patients, with adverse effects on survival. Numerous publications have addressed this issue through in vitro developed models of acquired Bz resistance (BzR). However the results were quite different in each publication, none of the produced Bz myeloma cell lines was provably stable, no common mechanism of resistance could be demonstrated, and hence were of minimal relevance to the clinical setting. In order to address these issues an effort was made for the development of an in vitro model of acquired BzR that would resemble the clinical reality in the most accurate way. Two myeloma cell lines were used, one resembling a multisensitive (JJN3) and the other a multiresistant (U266) drug behavior, that were both sensitive to Bz. An at least 20 fold increase in the 48h Bz IC50 was noted for both cell lines. The increase in the IC50 was able to be verified a year after culturing the cell lines in normal medium thus ensuring a stable resistance phenotype. To delineate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of BzR a combined genetic/Gene Expression Profile (GEP) and functional/Proteomics approach was used with emphasis in the common elements of both cell lines. The hypothesis was that if certain pathways are activated in the cells that actually produce the phenotype of BzR they must fulfil two important criteria: 1) They must be present in all the levels of the BzR, 2) The gene changes have to be verified in the level of the gene encoded proteins thus securing their functional importance. GEP of the naïve cell lines along with the GEP of the Bz resistant cells at different levels of BzR (5-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold) were used. The statistical analysis revealed 100 gene probes common in both cell lines that achieved their highest change as soon as BzR was established and remained stable at that level for all later versions (P<0.1, q<0.1) and 115 gene probes common in both cell lines that their change was proportional to the level of BzR (P<0.001, q <0.005). The proteomics analysis of the Bz resistant cell lines at their latest level of resistance (20-fold) revealed 262 proteins common in both cell lines that were up-regulated and 263 common in both cell lines that were down-regulated (change >10% to be considered significant). The intersection of the list of the common genes with the list of the common proteins revealed 47 gene-proteins all but one novel in MM. They can be grouped in distinct biological categories with the most prominent ones being the ROS/Mitochondrial Factor category comprising of 10 gene-proteins, the E3 Ubiquitin Pathway 6 genes-proteins and Translation Regulation 5 genes-proteins. Even more importantly 30 of them have profound survival implications in MM -all of them novel in MM- both for Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS) in both Bz (TT3) and non Bz (TT2) containing protocols implying that myeloma cells apply both Bz specific and non-specific mechanisms to acquire BzR. Based on these 30 genes-proteins a GEP risk score (GEP-30) was constructed that was able to achieve remarkable statistical power in both Bz containing and non containing trials of both newly diagnosed (TT2 with and without thalidomide i.e. TT2+ and TT2-, TT3a, TT3b, HOVON, MRC IX, Figure 1A,B,C) and relapsed MM (TT6 , OS: NR vs 1.52 yr P<0.00001, PFS: NR vs 1.13 yr P<0.00001 for low and high risk) Figure 1. KM plots for OS and PFS of GEP-30 for newly diagnosed MM Figure 1. KM plots for OS and PFS of GEP-30 for newly diagnosed MM Figure 1B. Figure 1B. Figure 1C. Figure 1C. Disclosures Stein: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences: Employment. Barlogie:University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences: Employment. Epstein:University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences: Employment. Heuck:Janssen: Other: Advisory Board; Celgene: Consultancy; Millenium: Other: Advisory Board; Foundation Medicine: Honoraria; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences: Employment.
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Martínez Manzano, Teresa. "Prontuario para una abadesa: El Escur. Φ III 11 e Irene Cumno (con una propuesta de la escritura inédita de Mateo Blastares)." Byzantinische Zeitschrift 114, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 269–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bz-2021-9013.
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Abstract In this paper I firstly examine the contents of Escur. Φ III 11, which includes a medical section, an anthology of texts both sacred and profane, and the epistolar exchange between Gregorius Acindynus and Eirene Choumnos. Secondly I go through Eirene’s intellectual background and the books transcribed under her patronage. Thirdly I explain the role played by this Escurialensis in Eirene’s library and in the anti-Palamite circles. Fourthly, basing on different kinds of arguments, I attribute the copying of ff. 83r-156v to Matthew Blastares.
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Hächler, Nikolas. "Heraclius Constantine III – Emperor of Byzantium (613–641)." Byzantinische Zeitschrift 115, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 69–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bz-2022-0004.
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Abstract This paper evaluates the significance of emperor Heraclius Constantine III, the eldest son of Heraclius (610 -641), for Byzantium in times of political and military crisis. The first part examines how Heraclius established his family as an imperial dynasty of Byzantium between 613 and 622. The second section analyzes how the young emperor represented his father in Constantinople, while Heraclius waged war against the Persian Sasanids during the 620s. The final segment deals on the one hand with the joint rule of Heraclius and his eldest son after Byzantine victories against the Persians and, on the other hand, with the growing influence of Heraclonas. Finally, the contribution explores Heraclius Constantine’s III role as Augustus senior after his father’s death in 641. The until now often understudied emperor was thereby of essential importance for Byzantium’s stability in the first half of the 7th century.
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van der Meer, WJ, RJ Butselaar, and CA de Lange. "Photoionisation Cross Sections of Chlorine Atoms and Molecules at 584 Å." Australian Journal of Physics 39, no. 5 (1986): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph860779.
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A recently developed modulation method is used to obtain cross sections for the photoionisation of ground state neutral to ground state ionic, atomic and molecular chlorine relative to that of the HCl + (X2n 1IZ,3IZ) +-- HCl(XI ~ +) transition at the He Ia wavelength. With the known absolute cross section of the latter process, determined by (e,2e) coincidence spectroscopy, the present ell,periments provide absolute photoionisation cross sections of the CI + epz,l,o) +-- Clep) and Cli (XZ n g, 1IZ,3 IZ) +-- Clz (X I ~ t) transitions. Relative cross sections, previously determined for the transitions to the additional Cl and Clz ionic states accessible with He Ia radiation, are used to obtain absolute cross sections for the Cl+(IDz, ISO) +-- Clep) and Cli(AZnu,1IZ,3IZ, BZ~t) +-- Clz(XI~t) ionisation processes.
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Suido, H., T. Eguchi, T. Tanaka, and M. Nakamura. "Identification of Periodontopathic Bacteria Based Upon their Peptidase Activities." Advances in Dental Research 2, no. 2 (November 1988): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374880020021701.
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Black-pigmented Bacteroides (BPB) and spirochetes are associated with some forms of periodontal diseases. The enzymes produced by these bacteria may participate in the destruction of gingival and periodontal tissues. Certain proteases and peptidases are unique to Bacteroides gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Our purpose was to study the peptidases of periodontopathogens and to evaluate the use of unique peptidases for detection and identification of these bacteria. Bacteria used were BPB, Treponema, Fusobacterium, Capnocytophaga, Actinobacillus (Haemophilus), and Eikenella species. Twenty-five substrates, including mono-, di-, and tri-peptides of β-naphthylamide (β-NA) were employed for examination of peptidase activity. Clinically isolated BPB were obtained from 16 adult periodontitis patients. One hundred and ninety-three BPB strains were identified by conventional identification methods, and the peptidase activity was determined with N-Carbobenzoxy-glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine-β-naphthylamide (N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-β-NA) used as a substrate. Among tested periodontopathic bacteria, only B. gingivalis and T. denticola could strongly hydrolyze some substrates such as N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-β-NA and N-Benzoyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-arginine-4-methoxy-(3-naphthylamide (Bz-Val-Gly-Arg-β-NA). In subgingival plaque samples, all patients showed BPB, and eight out of 16 patients possessed B. gingivalis by culture. One hundred and ten strains out of 193 BPB isolated were identified as B. gingivalis. Ninety-nine percent of these B. gingivalis strains identified showed N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-β-NAhydrolyzing activity on a newly developed colorimetric plate assay. However, none of the other strains showed this activity in cultures of subgingival plaque which did not allow growth of spirochetes. Enzymes, such as N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-peptidase and Bz-Val-Gly-Arg-peptidase, specific for B. gingivalis and T. denticola seem to be useful for rapid detection and identification of these bacteria.
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Hankinson, R. J. "The Sceptical Inquirer." History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 23, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-02301007.
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Abstract This article treats of whether scepticism, in particular Pyrrhonian scepticism, can be said to deploy a method of any kind. I begin by distinguishing various different notions of method, and their relations to the concept of expertise (section 1). I then (section 2) consider Sextus’s account, in the prologue to Outlines of Pyrrhonism, of the Pyrrhonist approach, and how it supposedly differs from those of other groups, sceptical and otherwise. In particular, I consider the central claim that the Pyrrhonist is a continuing investigator (section 3), who in spite of refusing to be satisfied with any answer (or none), none the less still achieves tranquillity, and whether this can avoid being presented as a method for so doing, and hence as compromising the purity of sceptical suspension of commitment (section 4). In doing so, I relate—and contrast—the Pyrrhonists’ account of their practice to the ‘Socratic Method’ (section 5), as well as to the argumentative practice of various Academics (section 6), and assess their claim in so doing to be offering a way of instruction (section 7). I conclude (section 8) that there is a consistent and interesting sense in which Pyrrhonian scepticism can be absolved of the charge that it incoherently, and crypto-dogmatically, presents itself as offering a method for achieving an intrinsically desirable goal.
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Boulbot, A., Abdelhakim Chillali, and A. Mouhib. "Elliptic curve over a finite ring generated by 1 and an idempotent element $e$ with coefficients in the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{3^d}$." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 40 (December 17, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.43654.
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An elliptic curve over a ring $\mathcal{R}$ is a curve in the projective plane $\mathbb{P}^{2}(\mathcal{R})$ given by a specific equation of the form $f(X, Y, Z)=0$ named the Weierstrass equation, where $f(X, Y, Z)=Y^2Z+a_1XYZ+a_3YZ^2-X^3-a_2X^2Z-a_4XZ^2-a_6Z^3$ with coefficients $a_1, a_2, a_3, a_4, a_6$ in $\mathcal{R}$ and with an invertible discriminant in the ring $\mathcal{R}.$ %(see \cite[Chapter III, Section 1]{sil1}). In this paper, we consider an elliptic curve over a finite ring of characteristic 3 given by the Weierstrass equation: $Y^2Z=X^3+aX^2Z+bZ^3$ where $a$ and $b$ are in the quotient ring $\mathcal{R}:=\mathbb{F}_{3^d}[X]/(X^2-X),$ where $d$ is a positive integer and $\mathbb{F}_{3^d}[X]$ is the polynomial ring with coefficients in the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{3^d}$ and such that $-a^3b$ is invertible in $\mathcal{R}$.
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Grace, R. F., and V. J. Roach. "Caesarean Section in a Patient with Paramyotonia Congenita." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 26, no. 5 (October 1998): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9802600511.
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This case report details spinal anaesthesia for an elective caesarean section in a patient with the rare condition of paramyotonia congenita. There are few case reports of anaesthesia in this condition and none in the Australian anaesthetic literature. This case highlights the need for the avoidance of hypothermia and depolarizing muscle relaxants, the safety of spinal anaesthesia and a conservative approach to the management of plasma potassium concentration. The subsequent review outlines the current literature and discusses other issues involved in the anaesthetic management of this disorder.
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Chiapponi, L., M. Ungarish, S. Longo, V. Di Federico, and F. Addona. "Critical regime of gravity currents flowing in non-rectangular channels with density stratification." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 840 (February 14, 2018): 579–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.917.
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We present theoretical and experimental analyses of the critical condition where the inertial–buoyancy or viscous–buoyancy regime is preserved in a uniform-density gravity current (which propagates over a horizontal plane) of time-variable volume ${\mathcal{V}}=qt^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}}$ in a power-law cross-section (with width described by $f(z)=bz^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$, where $z$ is the vertical coordinate, $b$ and $q$ are positive real numbers, and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$ are non-negative real numbers) occupied by homogeneous or linearly stratified ambient fluid. The magnitude of the ambient stratification is represented by the parameter $S$, with $S=0$ and $S=1$ describing the homogeneous and maximum stratification cases respectively. Earlier theoretical and experimental results valid for a rectangular cross-section ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=0$) and uniform ambient fluid are generalized here to a power-law cross-section and stratified ambient. Novel time scalings, obtained for inertial and viscous regimes, allow a derivation of the critical flow parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{c}$ and the corresponding propagation rate as $Kt^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{c}}$ as a function of the problem parameters. Estimates of the transition length between the inertial and viscous regimes are also derived. A series of experiments conducted in a semicircular cross-section ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=1/2$) validate the critical values $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{c}=2$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{c}=9/4$ for the two cases $S=0$ and $1$. The ratio between the inertial and viscous forces is determined by an effective Reynolds number proportional to $q$ at some power. The threshold value of this number, which enables a determination of the regime of the current (inertial–buoyancy or viscous–buoyancy) in critical conditions, is determined experimentally for both $S=0$ and $S=1$. We conclude that a very significant generalization of the insights and results from two-dimensional (rectangular cross-section channel) gravity currents to power-law cross-sections is available.
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Begum, Tahera, M. Jalal Uddin, and Ishrat Jabin. "Caesarean Section Without Indwelling Catheter." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 14, no. 1 (April 4, 2015): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878.
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Background: Many studies were conducted worldwide on the subject but there is none in Chittagong. To get our experience we had conducted the study. Methods: It was an experimental study. 70 cases were conveniently selected under certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cases were managed by the obstetricians unrelated to the study. All cases were meticulously observed by the investigators and findings were instantly recorded. All data were manually managed. A discussion was made and conclusion was drawn. Results: Total 70 cases were studied. 35 primae and 35 multipara. Mean age was 27 years +2.3 . All were literate and 86% were housewives. Cases were without medical, surgical complications and were uneventfully managed. First voiding time was 4.28 hours +0.45. 07% cases were evacuated with plain catheter after 7 hours for pain and bladder distention. Average hospital stay 2.3 days. There was no occurrence of urinary tract infection. Conclusion: Indwelling catheter should not be used unless it is strongly indicated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 34-35
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Chowdhury, Liza, and Ishrat Jahan. "Cesarean Section without Urethral Catheterization." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v11i1.30658.
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Introduction: Urethral catheterization is done as a routine procedure in cesarean section. It is associated with great discomfort, high incidence of urinary tract infection, delayed ambulation and longer hospital stay.Objectives: To determine the feasibility and safety of cesarean section without urethral catheterization.Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out from April 2012 to March 2013, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CMH Dhaka and IBN Sina Hospital Dhaka among 65 patients who had undergone cesarean section without catheterization. There were some limitations of this study. We had excluded previous cesarean from our study, so the results of this study cannot be generalized.Results: Firs void discomfort was not significantly associated without the use of indwelling catheter. Hospital stay was shorter (94% was discharged on 3rd post operative day). None of the patients had bladder injury. Mean duration of surgery was 45 minutes (44%) and ambulation time 11-14 hours (60%). Average estimated blood loss was 500 ml (41%) and time of 1st voiding was 5-8 hrs (58%). Need for catheterization was significantly low (3%).Conclusion: Cesarean section can be done safely without urethral catheterization with reduced morbidities.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 3-6
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Gurung, Tara, Sangeeta Shrestha, Ujjwal Basnet, and Amirbabu Shrestha. "Awareness with Recall in General Anesthesia undergoing Cesarean Section." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i1.21611.
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Aims: To determine the incidence of awareness with recall in parturient undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital.Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study of the patients who underwent cesarean section under general anesthesia from April mid 2014 to April mid 2017 (Baishakh 2071 to Chaitra 2073 BS). Awareness questionnaires filled up through the modified Brice interview.Results: A total of 162 patients underwent Cesarean Section under general anesthesia and138 were included in the study. None of them had awareness and six patients had a dream.Conclusion: No awareness with recall found and prospective study is required to determine the condition.
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Varga, Gyorgy, and Ricardo Dias de Oliveira Brito. "The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns in Brazil." Brazilian Review of Finance 14, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v14n2.2016.60916.
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In a sample of the Brazilian stock market from 1999 to 2015, this paper shows that the book-to-market and momentum of individual firms capture some of the cross-sectional variation in average stock returns, while the market β and size do not play a role. The positive relation of cross-section of returns with book-to-market is more evident earlier, while the positive relation with momentum is stronger later in the sample. However, because none of these characteristics show explanatory power for all the subsamples studied, we are not fully convinced that they capture fundamental risk factors.
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Roy, Priyankur, Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan, and Jose Ruby. "Respiratory Morbidity in Term Infants delivered by Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, no. 4 (2017): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1520.
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ABSTRACT Objectives (1) To investigate the association between term elective cesarean sections and neonatal respiratory morbidity and the importance of timing of the cesarean. (2) To assess the maternal morbidity when emergency lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) was required. Participants All women with singleton term (37—41 + 6 weeks) pregnancies and planned for elective cesarean section in Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Outcome measures The primary outcome measures were neonatal morbidities such as transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The secondary outcome measures were emergency cesarean section and maternal morbidities such as scar dehiscence, urinary tract infection (UTI), endometritis, peritonitis, and hemoperitoneum in the mother. Results The percentage of TTN in the infants in group I was 1.3% while there were none in group II. No infants were diagnosed to have RDS. Out of the 150 women who were planned for elective cesarean section, 55 women underwent emergency cesarean section. Among this, 19 (25.3%) of women were from group I as compared with 36 (48.0%) in group II. The difference in proportion between the two groups was –22.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): –37.7, –7.7], which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The incidence of scar dehiscence, UTI, endometritis, and hemoperitoneum in the mothers of group II was marginally higher than that in the mothers of group I. There was one woman with peritonitis in group I while none was reported in the other group. All the maternal morbidities occurred to women who underwent emergency cesarean section. Out of the 19 women in group I and 36 women in group II who underwent emergency cesarean section, 1 (5.3%) and 6 (16.7%) women had morbidities. Conclusion Women requiring elective cesarean section can safely be done between 37 and 39 weeks with no further significant increase in the rates of neonatal morbidity such as TTN and RDS. How to cite this article Roy P, Jeyaseelan L, Ruby J, Garg R. Respiratory Morbidity in Term Infants delivered by Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(4):312-317.
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Jakubowiak, Andrzej J., Donna E. Reece, Craig C. Hofmeister, Sagar Lonial, Todd M. Zimmerman, Erica L. Campagnaro, Robert L. Schlossman, et al. "Lenalidomide, Bortezomib, Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin, and Dexamethasone in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Updated Results of Phase I/II MMRC Trial." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.132.132.
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Abstract Abstract 132 Background: The RVD combination of Lenalidomide (Revlimid®, Len), Bortezomib, (Velcade®, Bz), and Dexamethasone (Dex) and the VDD combination of Bz, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®, PLD), and Dex are among the most active in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Pre-clinical studies suggest that combining 4 drugs from RVD and VDD into RVDD may produce even higher activity. The aims of this Phase I/II trial were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the RVDD regimen and to assess its safety and evaluate efficacy in newly diagnosed MM. Methods: Patients (Pts) received Len 15–25 mg (days 1–14), Bz 1.3 mg/m2 (days 1, 4, 8, 11), Dex 20/10 mg (cycles 1–4/5–8; days of and after Bz), PLD 20 or 30 mg/m2 (day 4) at 4 dose levels for up to eight 21-day cycles. In the Phase I portion of the study, pts were assigned to dose levels 1-4 according to the TITE-CRM algorithm. Responses were assessed by modified European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and Uniform Criteria. Pts who achieved at least partial response (PR) could proceed to autologus stem cell transplant (ASCT) after ≥ 4 cycles. After 8 cycles, pts could continue treatment using 21-day maintenance cycles with Len (days 1–14), Bz (day 1 and 8), and Dex (days of and after Bz) at the doses tolerated by the end of initial treatment. Results: The study has enrolled 68 pts to date (median age 61; 52% ISS II/III), 42 pts in phase I (including 6 pts treated at the MTD) and 26 pts in phase II, for a total of 32 of 38 planned pts at the MTD. Pts received a median of 4 cycles (range 1–16); 48 completed at least 4 cycles, 11 completed all 8 cycles, and 34 have discontinued/completed therapy. Seven patients remain on maintenance therapy. Toxicity data are available for 55 pts. In the phase I, 4 pts were assigned to level 1 (Len/PLD 15/20), 11 to level 2 (Len/PLD 20/20, 21 to level 3 (Len/PLD 25/20), and 6 to level 4 (Len/PLD 25/30). Two pts were not evaluable for DLT per protocol criteria and were replaced; 1 at level 2 and 1 at level 3, leaving 40 pts evaluable for DLTs. There were no DLTs at level 1, 2 at level 2, 3 at level 3, consisting of 2 grade (G) 3 asymptomatic neutropenia on day 1 cycle 2, 1 G3 elevation of transaminases, 1 G3 drug fever, and 1 grade 3 hypophosphatemia and none at level 4. Based on the pre-determined definition of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and probability estimates of DLTs of 4.7% for level 1, 9.7% for level 2, 13.7% for level 3, and 17.9% for level 4, the maximum planned dose level 4 was selected as the MTD for the phase II portion of the study as the closest to, but not exceeding, a target rate of 20% of DLTs. Overall, toxicities have been manageable with G3/4 toxicities in 3–18% of all pts including neutropenia (18%), thrombocytopenia (7%) , infections (16 %) , DVT (2%). There was 4% G3 and no G4 peripheral neuropathy reported, 24% G 1/2 palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, and no treatment-related mortality. Response rates in 57 pts evaluable for response were as follows: 96% ≥ PR, 58% ≥ VGPR, and 30% CR/nCR. In 48 pts who completed 4 cycles, defined in the protocol for efficacy assessment, response rates were: 98% ≥ PR, 58% ≥ VGPR and 29% CR/nCR; at MTD ≥PR is 100%. Response rates were not statistically different in a subset of pts (24) with 13q deletion or t(4;14) or t(14;16) or 17p del, with PR, VGPR, and CR/nCR rates 92%, 67%, and 33%, respectively. Twenty four pts proceeded to stem cell collection with 7.5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg collected after a median of 4 cycles of RVDD (range 3–10). After a median of 6 months of follow-up, median progresssion-free survival and overall survival have not been reached. Conclusion: RVDD is well tolerated in newly diagnosed MM and appears highly active with ≥ PR of 96%, including 58% ≥VGPR, which is unaffected by adverse cytogenetic status. Pts treated at the MTD ,which was determined as Len 25 mg, Bz 1.3 mg/m2, Dex 20 mg, and PLD 30 mg/m2, and completed at least 4 cycles, show 100% ≥PR. Stem cell mobilization and collection was successful in all pts, with unremarkable transplant course reported to date. Updated toxicity and efficacy data will be presented at the meeting. Disclosures: Jakubowiak: Bristol Myers-Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Exelixis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Centocor OrthoBiotech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Off Label Use: Lenalidomide for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Reece:Ortho Biotech: Honoraria, Research Funding. Lonial:Novartis: Consultancy; Gloucester: Research Funding; Bristol Myers - Squibb : Consultancy; Millennium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy. Zimmerman:Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Speakers Bureau; Centocor: Speakers Bureau. Schlossman:Millennium: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau. Laubach:Novartis: Advisory Board. Raje:Celgene, Norvartis, Astrazeneca: Research Funding. Anderson:Millennium: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Barrickman:Celgene: Employment, Equity Ownership. Tendler:Johnson and Johnson: Employment, Equity Ownership. Esseltine:Johnson and Johnson: Equity Ownership; Milllennium: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kelley:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Equity Ownership. Anderson:Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Richardson:Bristol Myers-Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Keryx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Johnson and Johnson: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.
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Hamir, Amir N., and Charles E. Rupprecht. "Hepatic Capillariasis (Capillaria Hepatica) in Porcupines (Erethizon Dorsatum) in Pennsylvania." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 5 (September 2000): 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200514.
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Tissues of 53 adult porcupines ( Erethizon dorsatum) from Pennsylvania were obtained for histopathologic examination. Hepatic capillariasis was recorded in 9% of the porcupines. An additional 11% of the liver sections showed lesions that were compatible with migration by Capillaria hepatica. Because only 1 section of the liver per animal was examined microscopically, the documented prevalence of C. hepatica in Pennsylvania is considered conservatively low. However, this condition was subclinical, because none of the infected animals showed clinical signs, and none revealed severe pathologic changes in the affected livers. This seems to be the only report of C. hepatica in porcupines.
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Jiang, Feng, Shulin Liu, and Li Tao. "Quantitative Research on Cracks in Pipe Based on Magnetic Field Response Method of Eddy Current Testing." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360114.
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The quantitative evaluation of defects in eddy current testing is of great significance. Impedance analysis, as a traditional method, is adopted to determine defects in the conductor, however, it is not able to depict the shape, size and location of defects quantitatively. In order to obtain more obvious characteristic quantities and improve the ability of eddy current testing to detect defects, the study of cracks in metal pipes is carried out by utilizing the analysis method of three-dimensional magnetic field in present paper. The magnetic field components in the space near the crack are calculated numerically by using finite element analysis. The simulation results confirm that the monitoring of the crack change can be achieved by measuring the magnetic field at the arrangement positions. Besides, the quantitative relationships between the shape, length of the crack and the magnetic field components around the metal pipe are obtained. The results show that the axial and radial magnetic induction intensities are affected more significantly by the cross-section area of the crack. Bz demonstrates obvious advantages in analyzing quantitatively crack circumference length. Therefore, the response signal in the three-dimensional direction of the magnetic field gets to intuitively reflect the change of the defect parameter, which proves the effectiveness and practicability of this method.
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HASSAN, SAMIA, MISBAH KAUSAR JAVAID, and SADIA TARIQ. "EMERGENCY CAESAREAN SECTION." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 02 (March 10, 2008): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.02.2772.
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Objective: Comparative analysis of problems encountered betweenpatients of elective caesarean section and patients for whom elective caesarean section was planned but ended upin emergency caesarean section. Design: Descriptive prospective analysis. Setting: Gynae Unit-II, Services Hospital,Lahore. Duration: One year, 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006. Patients & Methods: A prospective study of st st100 patients who presented for antenatal care (ANC) and for whom elective caesarean section (CS) was planned wasdone. Patients evaluation was done on a designed performa that included demographic, social and obstetrical histories.Problems encountered in the preparatory stage, logistic problems, administrative problems, problems encounteredduring surgery, maternal, fetal mortality and morbidity were noted. Results: The patients were divided into twocategories. Categories I: included patients who had elective CS and category II: included patients who ended up inemergency CS. Numerous problems were encountered for category II patients. In the preparatory phase there wasdifficulty in arranging medicines for 32 patients. (59.2%), arranging blood for 28 patients (51.8%), obtaining consentfor 1 patient (1.85%). Logistic problems included non-availability of operation theatre for 15 patients (27.75%), nonavailability of anaesthetist for 9 patients (16.65%), and non-availability of paediatrician for 38 babies (17.3%). Noneof the emergency CS were done with in the recommended 30 minutes interval. Despite this, there was no significantcoloration between the decision delivery interval (DDI) and perinatal outcome. In our study like threatening cases wereoperative within 60 minutes. Intra operative problems in the category II patients included adhesions in 40 patients (74%)vs 10 patients (21.7%) of category I, partial dehiscence in 16 patients (29.6%) of category II vs 4 patients (8.68%) ofcategory I. Excessive hemorrhage in 8 patients (14.8%) of category II vs 2 patients (4.34%) of category I. Among thepost operative complications anemia was present in 20 patients (43.4%) of category I vs 45 patients (83.25%) ofcategory II patients. Blood transfusion was required for 16 patients (29.6%) of category II vs 4 patients (8.68%) ofcategory I and all patients were given iron supplement. Major wound infection were seen in 9 patients (16.65%) ofcategory II vs 2 patients (4.34%) of category I. Resuturing was done after appropriate antibiotic cover and dailyantiseptic dressing. Minor wound infections were seen in 22 patients (40.7%) of category II vs 12 patients (26.04%)of category I. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) was seen in 6 patients (11.1%) of category II vs 1 patient (2.17%) ofcategory I. Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI) was seen in 5 patients (9.25%) of category II vs 2 patients (4.34%) ofcategory I. All these were treated by appropriate antibiotic cover. Regarding the neonatal outcome 16 babies (29.6%)of category II were kept under observation in neonatal nursery (NNU) as compared to 6 (13.02%) babies of categoryI. Admission for 2-10 days in NNU were 8 babies (14.96%) of category II vs 2 babies (4.34%) of category I. 2 babies(3.74%) of category II expired later while none of category I. Conclusion: Patients for whom elective CS was plannedbut who ended up in emergency CS, the DDI was prolonged and there was increase risk of maternal morbidity, fetalmorbidity and mortality as compared to those patients who had elective CS.
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Kakkar, Rakesh, and Pradeep Aggarwal. "Book Review: ‘Till We Win - India’s fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic’." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i04.028.
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‘Till We Win’ is a book which provides a comprehensive overview of India’s journey. It deliberates how India, as a nation, fought and continue to fight against the novel coronavirus, SARS CoV-2. It documents and analyses the COVID-19 pandemic responses and provides lessons for health systems strengthening.
The book has four section and eleven chapters. The first section focuses upon why viruses are likely to cause pandemic and how human activities are increasing the risks of outbreaks and epidemics. The next section deliberates on India’s pandemic response and how the policies had evolved with every new emerging condition. The authors argue that none of the country was fully prepared for the pandemic of the such a magnitude which eventually had disrupted even ‘so called’ better performing health system.
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Burnside, Craig. "The Cross Section of Foreign Currency Risk Premia and Consumption Growth Risk: Comment." American Economic Review 101, no. 7 (December 1, 2011): 3456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.7.3456.
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Lustig and Verdelhan (2007) argue that the excess returns to borrowing US dollars and lending in foreign currency “compensate US investors for taking on more US consumption growth risk,” yet the stochastic discount factor corresponding to their benchmark model is approximately uncorrelated with the returns they study. Hence, one cannot reject the null hypothesis that their model explains none of the cross sectional variation of the expected returns. Given this finding, and other evidence, I argue that the forward premium puzzle remains a puzzle. JEL: C58, E21, F31, G11, G12
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Hall, A. D., B. K. Puri, T. Stewart, and P. S. Grahame. "Doctors' Holding Power in Practice: Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983." Medicine, Science and the Law 35, no. 3 (July 1995): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249503500310.
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Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 (England and Wales) is a commonly used short term power of detention often implemented by junior medical staff, which has no statutory right of appeal. There is little published analysis of its use in clinical practice. A detailed case note study of its use in a psychiatric service with a large catchment area is presented. Fifty-seven per cent of the patients detained under s.5(2) were female. Affective psychosis was over-represented in detained females, while schizophrenia and paranoid states were over-represented in males. Eight per cent of s.5(2) detentions were initiated via the nurses' holding power, s.5(4). None of these patients were subsequently regraded to s.2 or 3, which may be accounted for by the finding that personality disorder and alcohol dependence were more commonly diagnosed in this subgroup. Of s.5(2) detainees, none of those with a non-psychotic disorder were regraded to s.2 or 3. Three patients had not accepted in-patient admission prior to implementation of s.5(2). Moreover, 38 per cent of all s.5(2) detentions took place within 24 hours of admission. Patients with a psychotic disorder were more likely to be detained within 24 hours of admission. Doubts regarding the validity of consent to voluntary admission in these patients are raised.
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Abboud, Therese K., Michael J. Moore, Jerry Jacobs, Kazushige Murakawa, Manoutchehr Soraya, and Jay Zhu. "Epidural Mepivacaine for Cesarean Section: Maternal and Neonatal Effects." Regional Anesthesia: The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, & Pain Control 12, no. 2 (April 1987): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-198712020-00003.
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The effects of epidural anesthesia using mepivacaine on maternal blood pressure, newborn Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the Early Neonatal Neurobehavioral Scale (ENNS) were studied in 21 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. Maternal and neonatal blood levels of mepivacaine were also determined. Neonatal outcome was compared with a control group of 14 neonates of healthy mothers who received 3% 2-chloroprocaine for elective cesarean section. All patients had satisfactory anesthesia for cesarean section with an onset of 19 ± 1.8 minutes (mean ± SEM) and duration of 95 ± 11.9 minutes. Hypotension developed in two patients, and they were treated with intravenous ephedrine. All neonates had Apgar scores of 8 or more at 1 and 5 minutes and normal blood gases and acid-base status. None of the variables of the ENNS differed significantly between the mepivacaine and the chloroprocaine control group with the exception of truncal tone, which was significantly higher in the mepivacaine group ( p < 0.05). Mepivacaine was detected in all maternal and fetal samples, and the umbilical venous to maternal venous ratio was 0.57 ± 0.17 (mean ± SEM).
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Lowe-Ponsford, Francesca L., and Ayaz Begg. "Place of Safety and Section 136 at Gatwick Airport." Medicine, Science and the Law 36, no. 4 (October 1996): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600406.
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Seventy-nine adults and nineteen children were arrested at Gatwick Airport under s.136 over the period of one year although not all were formally held under this section at the police station (i.e. not all were accepted by the custody police officer). Their notes at the police station were reviewed. None of the children and only half of the adults were eventually seen by a doctor. The police were able to deal with the others. Half of these latter were missing persons. Those referred to a doctor tended to be suicidal or confused compared with those who were dealt with solely by the police. In addition, the police station as a place of safety probably influenced management in that people were dealt with quickly. The phenomenon of ‘wanderers’ is commented upon. This study suggests that when reviewing people held by the police as a result of their behaviour, a more comprehensive study can be performed by considering those arrested under s.136, but needing a more informal approach, at the police station.
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Gupta, Nupur, Taru Gupta, and Ritu Singh. "Feto-maternal outcome in second versus first stage caesarean delivery in a tertiary medical care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 5084. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184971.
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Background: The aim is to study neonatal and maternal outcomes of the caesarean sections performed in first stage versus second stage of labour. Methods: The retrospective analysis of data were done of caesarean section done at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at ESI PGIMSR Basaidarapur New Delhi between January 2016 to December 2016. 45 women, who underwent second stage caesarean section were studied. For each case, two consecutive cases, who underwent caesarean delivery during the first stage of labour were taken as control for the study. Primary maternal outcomes of interest were uterine atonia, transfusion requirement, urinary system injury and postoperative complications. Results: Out of 4477 deliveries, 1466 had caesarean section with a rate of 32%. The rate of second stage caesarean section was 3% of total caesarean section and 1% of total deliveries. Second stage caesarean section had higher maternal and perinatal morbidity like atonic PPH (33.3%), lower uterine segment extension (7%), febrile morbidity (10%), and need for blood transfusion (15%). There were 15.5% NICU admission in second stage caesarean group while none in first stage group. Conclusions: Caesarean section in the second stage of the labour is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidities. Special attention is required to the patients undergoing caesarean section in the second stage of the labour. They should be handled by senior and experienced obstetrician. Neonatologist should be present for every second stage caesarean section.
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Vaswani, Babita P., Aditi Trivedi, and Sriram Gopal. "Extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal cesarean section: a retrospective analysis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200337.
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Background: Cesarean section is becoming a more common delivery type worldwide. The objective of this study was to compare surgical morbidity in extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal techniques of cesarean section.Methods: A total of 60 patients was included in this study out of which 30 underwent extraperitoneal cesarean section(ECS) and 30 patients underwent transperitoneal cesarean section (TCS) and compared both the techniques with respect to nausea or vomiting intra-operatively, pain score (as measured by visual analogue scale) post operatively, return of bowel function and blood loss.Results: Intra-operative nausea and vomiting was noted in 33.34% of patients in TCS group while none of the patients in ECS group had any such complaints. No difference was noted in average blood loss between the 2 groups. Post-operative pain in ECS was 4.13 as compared to 6.86 in TCS. Return of bowel sounds in ECS group was much earlier (5.46 hours) as compared to TCS group (11.33 hours).Conclusions: We conclude that extraperitoneal technique is advantageous over transperitoneal approach. Decreased nausea and vomiting, early return of bowel function in the post-operative period, decreased post-operative pain allowing early feeding and mobilization are definite benefits of this technique. This further helps in making a relatively smoother post-operative recovery.
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Li, Liang, Tianhua Zhou, Junwu Chen, and Jianfeng Chen. "A New Buckling-Restrained Brace with a Variable Cross-Section Core." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (December 26, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4620430.
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In this paper, a new type of buckling-restrained brace characterized by a variable cross-section core (BRB-VCC) is proposed and investigated. The practical design equations of the BRB-VCC are derived based on mechanical and mathematical theories. Six specimens are designed and tested to clarify the mechanical behaviours of the BRB-VCC and to validate the reliability of the proposed equations. The test results show that (1) none of the specimens buckle under compression, as expected, and their ductilities and energy dissipation capacities are satisfactory; (2) the derived formulas are reliable and can be conveniently used in engineering practice; and (3) the yielding displacement of the BRB-VCC is approximately 70% that of the traditional TJ-1 buckling-restrained brace (BRB-TJ-1), which may yield earlier than the BRB-TJ-1 in concrete structures under the action of an earthquake.
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Muthukrishnan, Dharini, and Prabha Janakiraman. "Successful conservative management of viable caesarean scar pregnancy with systemically administered methotrexate followed by ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of gestational sac: a rare case report." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221459.
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The incidence and diagnosis of caesarean scar pregnancy is on rise because of rising caesarean section rates. Though many modalities are available for its management, none seems to be superior and data regarding them are also lacking. Here we are presenting a rare case report of successful conservative management of viable caesarean scar pregnancy with systemic methotrexate followed by ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of gestational sac.
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Steele, Russell W., James R. McConnell, Richard F. Jacobs, and John R. Mawk. "Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis: Coronal Thin-Section Cranial Computed Tomography to Delineate Anatomic Defects." Pediatrics 76, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.6.950.
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Three patients with histories of recurrent bacterial meningitis were previously examined with skull and sinus radiographs, routine cranial computed tomography, intrathecal radioisotope tracer studies, and immunologic evaluation. None of these studies were diagnostic. Pneumococcal vaccine and prophylactic penicillin therapy were ineffective in preventing recurrent episodes in two cases. Thin-section (2-mm) direct coronal computed cranial tomography demonstrated anatomic defects in all three patients. The use of metrizamide cisternography was not necessary to diagnose the defects. All patients had basiethmoidal encephaloceles which were repaired surgically. Direct coronal computed tomography offers a relatively easy noninvasive method for delineating anatomic abnormalities in patients with recurrent meningitis.
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Cummings, James. "Strong ultrapowers and long core models." Journal of Symbolic Logic 58, no. 1 (March 1993): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275336.
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In his paper [7] Steel asked whether there can exist a normal measure U on a cardinal κ such thatWe use Reverse Easton forcing to show that this is consistent from a P2κ hypermeasure; we also show that the result is sharp, using the core model for nonoverlapping coherent extender sequences.The proof uses forcing technology due to Woodin.In this section we collect some facts that are useful in the forcing constructions of the next section. None of them are due to us, and we are unsure to whom they should be attributed for the most part. We give sketchy proofs; the reader who wants to see more details is referred to [2].
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van Gelderen, Elly. "The Northumbrian Old English glosses." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 72, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00024.gel.
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Abstract The articles in this volume contribute to our understanding of Northumbrian Old English of the 10th century, of the nature of external influence, and of the authorship of the glosses. This introduction provides a background to these three areas. Most of the introduction and contributions examine the Lindisfarne Glosses with some discussion of the Rushworth and Durham Glosses. Section 2 shows that the Lindisfarne glossator often adds a (first and second person) pronoun where the Latin has none but allows third person null subjects. Therefore, although the Latin original has obvious influence, Old English grammar comes through. Section 3 reviews the loss of third person -th verbal inflection in favor of -s, especially in Matthew. This reduction may be relevant to the role of external (Scandinavian and British Celtic) influence and is also interesting when the language of the Lindisfarne and Durham Glosses is compared. In Section 4, the use of overt pronouns, relatives, and demonstratives shows an early use of th-pronouns, casting doubt on a Norse origin of they. Section 5 looks at negation mainly from a northern versus southern perspective and Section 6 sums up. Section 7 previews the other contributions and their major themes, namely possible external (Latin, Norse, or British Celtic) influence, the linguistic differences among glossators, the spacing of ‘prefixes’ as evidence for grammaticalization, and the role of doublets.
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OKUDAIRA, RYUJI, and ANDREW HUXLEY. "A Burmese tract on kingship: political theory in the 1782 manuscript of Manugye." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 64, no. 2 (June 2001): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x01000143.
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In 1782, the year of King Badon's coronation, someone close to the Burmese palace wrote a legal manuscript. This paper gives a translation of and commentary on that section of the manuscript dealing with kingship. By tracing the sources of the material used, it contributes to the debate about the sources of Burmese political philosophy. Was precolonial Burmese political thought primarily Hindu, primarily Buddhist, primarily Indian or none of the above?
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S., Bebincy D., and Chitra J. "Extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal cesarean section in surgical morbidity in a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173450.
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Background: To test the advantages of extraperitoneal cesarean section over transperitoneal cesarean section.Methods: It is a single blinded prospective study. Women who were planned for emergency LSCS in the department of OG, Kanyakumari Government Medical College, Asaripallam were randomly allocated into extraperitoneal cesarean section (ECS) (n=80) or transperitoneal cesarean section (TCS) (n=80) from November 2015 to January 2017 and evaluated.Results: Even though the time taken to deliver the baby was more in ECS group (Average 4:57 minutes) than TCS group (Average 2:05 minutes, there is no change in Apgar score at 1 minute. The postoperative pain measured by VAS was lesser (4.28) in ECS than TCS (7.06). Bowel function returned early in ECS (8.687 hours) than in TCS (16.487 hours) group. None of the cases in ECS group had peroperative vomiting or post-operative wound infection.Conclusions: So, we can conclude that ECS is a better method in experienced hands than the TCS in selected cases.
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Gouvea, Rodrigo A. dos S. "Physicalism without identity." Trans/Form/Ação 43, no. 2 (June 2020): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-3173.2020.v43n2.14.p253.
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Abstract This paper presents and discusses the most influential attempts to characterize physicalism without postulating relations of identity between the physical and the prima facie non-physical. The first section deals with a possible criticism that these attempts are misguided, since they contradict the physicalist slogan “everything there is physical.” In the second section, I elucidate the different formulations of the physicalist supervenience claim, and argue that none of them consists in an adequate characterization of physicalism. Three reasons are given in favor of this conclusion: their compatibility with forms of dualism (or pluralism); the fact that the supervenience relation is left unexplained; and Kim’s causal exclusion argument, which asserts that merely supervenient entities (i.e., ones that are not in identity relations with strictly physical entities) must be epiphenomenal. The third section presents the general features of another identity-independent attempt to characterize physicalism, namely realization physicalism. According to this view, tokens of prima facie non-physical types are realized by tokens of strictly physical types performing functional roles that specify the nature of the former. The third section also shows how realization physicalism deals with the objections that make physicalist supervenience claims inadequate for characterizing physicalism.
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Acharya, S., DK Uprety, HP Pokharel, R. Amatya, and R. Rai. "Cesarean Section without Urethral Catheterization: A Randomized Control Trial." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 10, no. 2 (January 3, 2013): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7337.
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Background Urethral catheterization is done as a routine procedure in cesarean section. It is associated with high incidence of urinary tract infections, discomfort, delayed ambulation and longer hospital stay. Objective To determine the feasibility and safety of cesarean section without urethral catheterization. Methods A prospective, randomized controlled trial was carried out from April 2008 to March 2009, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Among 150 patients who had undergone cesarean section 75 were catheterized and 75 were uncatheterized. Results First void discomfort was significantly associated with the use of indwelling catheter (OR 6.95, CI 95 %, 3.74 to 12.95; P< 0.001).Significant number of patients with indwelling catheter had signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (OR 6,CI 95%, 2.59 to 13. 86; P < 0.001). Positive urinalysis for urinary tract infection was high in catheterized group (P <0.001). Hospital stay was shorter in patients without catheter (p < 0.05). None of the patients had bladder injury. There were no significant differences in duration of surgery and ambulation time between two groups of patients. Conclusions Cesarean section can be done safely without urethral catheterization with reduced morbidities. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | Vol.10 | No. 2 | Issue 38 | Apr – June 2012 | Page 18-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7337
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Khlebnikova, O. A., and Ya E. Terekhina. "New objects in section of the eastern Black Sea basin from 3D seismic data." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 3 (June 28, 2020): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2020-3-138-143.
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In the section of the eastern Black Sea basin and the Caucasus continental slope, according to 3D seismic data, unique objects were first discovered and described — vertical failure in the Upper Cretaceous — Lower Miocene deposits. An interesting feature of these structures is a close to isometric shape in plan. About 40 objects have been identified on an area of more than 1000 m2. «Bulls-eye» («multiphase») paleo-pockmarks [Andresen, Huuse, 2011], as well as karst collapse [Zuo et al., 2009] are proposed as world analogues with a similar wave pattern on seismic data. The corresponding genesis models are considered, but none of the theories allows drawing a conclusion. The discovered objects are unique and require further investigation.
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Ajaz, Muhammad, Irfan Khan, and M. K. Suleymanov. "Production cross-section of heavy flavored hadrons in pp collision at s = 7 TeV." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 19 (June 20, 2019): 1950150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319501505.
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The transverse momentum distribution of the differential production cross-sections of heavy flavored charm hadrons [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in pp collisions at 7 TeV are simulated. Predictions of DPMJETIII.17-1, HIJING1.383 and Sibyll2.3c are compared to the differential cross-section measurements of the LHCb experimental data presented in the region of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where the pp center of mass frame is used to measure the transverse momentum and rapidity. The models reproduce only some regions of [Formula: see text] and/or bins of [Formula: see text] but none of them predict completely all the [Formula: see text] bins over the entire [Formula: see text] range.
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Nasreen, Shaikh Zinnatara, Safinaz Shahreen, Saleheen Huq, and Sabereen Huq. "Prevention of Postoperative Adhesions of Caesarean Section." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 35, no. 2 (July 29, 2017): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v35i2.33369.
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Adhesions means fibrous or scar tissue that results from the healing process. Up to 95% of patients who have surgery develop adhesions. Adhesions formation and its long term sequel is a well known complication of the surgery but unfortunately very little is investigated about the prevention. The long term morbidities such as chronic pelvic pain, secondary infertility, hospital readmission, bowel obstruction, difficult repeat C/S with increased bleeding, longer operative time, injury to bowel ,bladder, ureters and placental accreta spectrum disorder from adhesions are the main concern. The cost for these adhesions is extreme burden for the developing countries. Several preventive agents against postoperative adhesions have been investigated. The proper surgical technique remains the cornerstone for good outcomes and risks reduction. Careful tissue handling, keeping tissue moist, meticulous homeostasis, minimization of tissue ishcaemia and avoiding excessive tissue desiccation, the use of micro and a traumatic instruments are very important to prevent the adhesive disorders. Several chemical agents, mechanical barriers and hydrofloatation are being used which seems to be promising. But all of them have some limitations. All these Barriers are being used widely but need to be properly evaluated, before its routine use. FDA approved Barrier Seprafilm, Hydrofloation Adept are popular but also CoSeal, SurgiWrap and Plasmax( not FDA approved ) are getting much popularity. Oxidized regenerated cellulose is promising but for C/S is not properly evaluated. The chemical barriers like NSAID, Steroids, antifibrinolytic agents and anticoagulant are being used since ancient period but they are not proved to be superior to adhesive barriers. In the current state of knowledge, none can replace the good surgical technique. Therefore along with the training of appropriate surgical technique, preclinical or clinical studies are still necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the several proposed prevention strategies and more researches are time demanding to prevent postoperative adhesions.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 86-90
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C., T. E. "CAESAREAN SECTION BY AN OX (1885)." Pediatrics 84, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.1.82.
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In scanning medical journals of the nineteenth century I have come across a number of bizarre anecdotal clinical reports. None, however, has yet equaled the case cited below. The following case is probably unique in the medical literature. My memory is refreshed from notes taken by DR. MEANS, who saw the case with me in consultation. Mrs. P, age 34, the mother of seven children and near full term in her eighth pregnancy, on November 16th. was gored by an infuriated ox. The horn of the beast entered at the anterior superior spinous process of the ilium, and made a rent extending to the umbilicus, and involving both the abdominal parietes and the walls of the uterus. The child was extruded through the wound in half an hour after the occurrence of the accident. When I arrived on the scene, I found the child fully delivered but remaining attached to the cord, which I ligatured and severed. There being no dilatation of either the os uteri or the vagina, I delivered the placenta through the rent and applied a bandage. The patient was almost lifeless from hemorrhage and shock, and I placed her on morphine and whisky. On the following day she was still alive and DR. MEANS was called in consultation at 9:30 a.m. The small intestines escaped from the wound on removal of the bandage, and were returned with much difficulty. The wound was now closed with interrupted sutures, a carbolized compress was applied, and the morphine and whisky continued internally. At 5:00 p.m. of the same day I found the pulse 130 and respiration 25 per minute; the abdomen was greatly distended, and the vital powers were fast becoming exhausted. On the following morning I found on my visit that the woman had expired at 10:00 o'clock of the previous night. SHAKESPEARE speaks of MACBETH as having been torn from his mother's womb by a wild boar, but probably the statement must be charged to poetic license. I believe the case I have above reported to be the only authentic case of Caesarian section performed by a beast on record. It may be interesting to know that the child suffered little or nothing from the violent and unusual method of delivery, and is alive to-day, a vigorous and thriving boy.
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Govardhanam, V., P. Tandon, and V. huang. "A181 CAUSES FOR C-SECTION IN IBD PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.179.
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Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) or IBD-unclassified. Current expert guidelines recommend only two IBD-related reasons to consider C-section: perianal CD and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) history. However, the incidence of C section among IBD patients is higher than the non-IBD patients. There is a sparsity of literature on what other factors influence the decision to perform caesarean delivery among IBD patients. Aims To investigate IBD-related and non-IBD related reasons leading to C-section in IBD patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on women with IBD, >18 years of age and/or older, who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto 2016–2019. OB records and OR records were reviewed to obtain information specific to C-section. Results A total of 119 deliveries were reviewed. 47 out of the 119 had C-section delivery. 42.9% (N=21) of C-section was in UC patients and 57.1% (N=28) was in CD patients. Maternal request comprised 2.1% (N=1) and arrest of cervical dilation 6.4% (N=3). 20.4% (N=10) patients failed vaginal delivery. Only 8.7% of C-section deliveries were Primiparous. 42.9% (N=12) of patients from the CD category that underwent C-section had fistulizing CD. 46.4% (N=13) of patients with CD had stricturing CD and underwent C-Section. 63.8% (N=30) of the patients that had C-section had planned C-Section. 26.6% (N=8) of the planned C-section was due to a history of the perianal disease and only 13.3% (N=4) had an active perianal disease. Other causes for planned C-section included J-pouch (10%, N=3) and active UC (2.1%, N=1). As per expert recommendation, we would anticipate 14% of patients to have C-section due to IBD related reasons however we found that 30% of the patients had C-section due to IBD related reasons. Conclusions Based on the preliminary data from our retrospective study we find that 30% of the C-sections were due to IBD related reasons and 70% C-sections were from non-IBD related reasons. Funding Agencies None
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Wilson, Trevor C., Barry J. Conn, and Murray J. Henwood. "Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Prostanthera (Lamiaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 25, no. 5 (2012): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb12006.
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Prostanthera is the largest genus of Lamiaceae in Australia and was last comprehensively revised in 1870. To test the classification, and the homology of the morphological characters on which it is based, we analysed nuclear (ETS) and chloroplast (trnT–F and ndhF–rpl32) sequence data for 71 species of Westringieae (Lamiaceae) in separate and combined datasets by using maximum-parsimony and Bayesian-inference methods. Results supported the monophyly of the Westringieae, but indicated that Prostanthera is paraphyletic with respect to Wrixonia, requiring the latter to be synonymised with the former. Although combinations of datasets provided some degree of infrageneric resolution within Prostanthera sensu lato, none of its sections or series could be recovered unambiguously. Prostanthera section Prostanthera and P. section Klanderia (regarded as entomophilous and ornithophilous, respectively) did not form a sister relationship, and neither could be unequivocally resolved as monophyletic. However, all species of P. section Klanderia nested within P. section Prostanthera raising the possibility that P. section Prostanthera is paraphyletic. Similarly, the phylogeny of Prostanthera based on molecular data could not be reconciled with the morphological definition of the traditionally recognised series. We recommend abandoning Bentham’s series as a means of organising morphological variation within the genus, but acknowledge that it is premature to discard Bentham’s sections. The evolutionary and systematic implications of the lack of congruence between our molecular phylogeny and morphologically defined subgeneric taxa are discussed.
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Trafimow, David. "A Frequentist Alternative to Significance Testing, p-Values, and Confidence Intervals." Econometrics 7, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7020026.
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There has been much debate about null hypothesis significance testing, p-values without null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals. The first major section of the present article addresses some of the main reasons these procedures are problematic. The conclusion is that none of them are satisfactory. However, there is a new procedure, termed the a priori procedure (APP), that validly aids researchers in obtaining sample statistics that have acceptable probabilities of being close to their corresponding population parameters. The second major section provides a description and review of APP advances. Not only does the APP avoid the problems that plague other inferential statistical procedures, but it is easy to perform too. Although the APP can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, the present recommendation is that it be used alone.
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Magrini, Sara, and Anna Scoppola. "Cytological status of Viola kitaibeliana (Section Melanium, Violaceae) in Europe." Phytotaxa 238, no. 3 (December 16, 2015): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.238.3.9.
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Viola kitaibeliana Schultes in Roemer & Schultes (1819: 383) was described for “Pannonia” as a small pansy with “caule erecto simplicissimo, foliis grosse crenatis, inferioribus subrotundis glabris, superioribus obovatis, stipulis similibus subintegerrimis, basive subpinnatis, petalo cornuto calycem glabrum aequante, reliquis brevioribus. Arvensi proxima, hac praecocior multo, (Aprili florens!) tenerior, et notis indicatis satis distincta. Flores 2, vel unicus, raro tres, oblique erecti in pedunculis folia excedentibus.” (Typus: M0112803; Fig. 1). Thereafter, many other names have been assigned to similar pansies described outside the Pannonian region: e.g. V. tricolor Linneus (1753: 935) var. nana De Candolle (1824: 304) and V. nemausensis Jordan (1846: 18) in France, V. tricolor subsp. minima Gaudin (1828: 210) in Switzerland, V. tricolor var. trimestris De Candolle (1824: 304), V. tricolor var. henriquesii Willk. ex Coutinho (1892: 36) and V. tricolor var. machadeana Coutinho (1892: 36) in the Iberian Peninsula. None of these taxa have been reported in Flora Europaea by Valentine et al. (1968) and later they have been included in V. kitaibeliana or placed in synonymy with it in the main floras (e.g. Muñoz Garmendia et al. 1993). According to Valentine et al. (1968) and to the updates of Magrini & Scoppola (2015b), in Europe V. kitaibeliana is widespread from Southwest to East, extending to Ukraine (Fig. 2).
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Sederer, Lloyd I. "Inpatient psychiatry: why do we need it?" Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 2010): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000610.
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AbstractThe author makes the case for the necessity of inpatient psychiatric services in a comprehensive, community based, system of care. The editorial begins with an historical perspective on mental hospitals. It then discusses acute and intermediate psychiatric inpatient units. A section also covers forensic units, also indispensable for a region or population of any size. The editorial concludes with a call for recognizing the purpose and value of inpatient services and thus using them most effectively.Declaration of Interest: None.
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Dodge, William S. "The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality in Two Steps." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002385.
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For the past twenty-five years, the presumption against extraterritoriality has been the Supreme Court’s principal tool for determining the geographic scope of federal statutes. In 2010, Morrison v. National Australia Bank used the presumption to decide the scope of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act, which prohibits securities fraud. Morrison approached the question in two steps. First, it looked for a “clear indication of extraterritoriality” to rebut the presumption and found none. Second, it looked to see if application of the statute would be domestic or extraterritorial by examining the “focus” of the provision. Plaintiffs argued that applying Section 10(b) would be domestic because the alleged fraud occurred in the United States, although they had bought their shares in Australia. The Court disagreed, holding that application of Section 10(b) would be extraterritorial because “the focus of the Exchange Act is not upon the place where the deception originated, but upon purchases and sales of securities in the United States,” and in this case the transaction occurred abroad.
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Donowitz, Leigh Grossman, and Sandra M. Norris. "The Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in the Prevention of Post-Cesarean Section Endometritis." Infection Control 6, no. 5 (May 1985): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700061403.
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AbstractEndometritis is an infectious complication in 9% to 65% of patients delivered by cesarean section. The risk of developing endometritis is greater in the high-risk emergent patient as compared to routine repeat abdominal deliveries. This study describes the incidence of endometritis following cesarean section delivery in different patient groups at the University of Virginia Hospital during a 1-year period and reviews the literature on the efficacy and risks of prophylactic antibiotics in this setting. Of patients not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis, 11 (<1%) of 1,461 normal spontaneous vaginal delivery patients, 7 (16.7%) of 42 repeat and 39 (29.8%) of 131 emergent cesarean section patients developed endometritis. This contrasts to none of the 24 emergent patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis. The literature review shows multiple prospective well-designed and executed studies that demonstrate reliable decreases in the incidence of endometritis with short course antibiotic prophylaxis. Our conclusion is that short course antibiotic prophylaxis is a safe, reproducible, cost-effective and indicated method of reducing the incidence of this costly and serious postoperative infection.
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Stancliffe, Roger J., Renáta Tichá, Sheryl A. Larson, Amy S. Hewitt, and Derek Nord. "Responsiveness to Self-Report Interview Questions by Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disability." Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-53.3.163.
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Abstract An important line of research involves asking people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) to self-report their experiences and opinions. We analyzed the responsiveness of 11,391 adult users of IDD services to interview questions from Section 1 of the 2008-2009 National Core Indicators-Adult Consumer Survey (NCI-ACS). Proxy responses were not allowed for the selected questions. Overall, 62.1% of participants answered the questions and were rated by interviewers as understanding the questions and as responding consistently. Most participants responded in an all-or-none fashion, answering either all or most questions or few to none. Individuals with milder levels of IDD and with speech as their primary means of expression were more likely to answer the questions and provide a scoreable response. Interviewer ratings of interviewees’ answering questions, understanding of questions, and consistent responding were each related to responsiveness.