Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bypass system of steam turbine

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Bypass system of steam turbine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bypass system of steam turbine"

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Sun, W., and Y. Wang. "Selection of steam turbine bypass system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 354 (October 25, 2019): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/354/1/012066.

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Kals, W. "Condensing the Dumped Steam During a Turbine Bypass." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906635.

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The reaction of water-cooled and wet-surface air-cooled condensers to a bypass of the steam turbine is analyzed by the introduction of an indicant. Gas dynamics considerations for designing the breakdown of the steam pressure are included. SI metric units are compared with gravitational metric units in order to clarify the fundamental difference between these two systems of measure. Conditioning the steam before admission to the condenser involves desuperheating, which is analyzed on the basis of a heat balance.
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Pugi, Luca, Emanuele Galardi, Carlo Carcasci, and Nicola Lucchesi. "Hardware-in-the-loop testing of bypass valve actuation system: Design and validation of a simplified real time model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 212–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915589513.

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During the start-up and shut-down phases of steam power plants many components are subjected to pressure and temperature transients that have to be carefully regulated both for safety and reliability reasons. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the optimization of turbine bypass controllers and actuators which are mainly used to regulate the plant during this kind of operations. In this work, a numerically efficient model for real-time simulation of a steam plant is presented. In particular, a modular Simulink™ library of components such as valves, turbines, and heaters has been developed. In this way, it is possible to easily assemble and customize models able to simulate different plants and operating scenarios. The code, which is implemented for a fixed, discrete step solver, can be easily compiled for a RT target (such as a Texas Instrument DSP) in order to be executed in real time on a low-cost industrial hardware. The proposed model has been used for quite innovative applications such as the development of a hardware-in-the-loop test rig of turbine bypass controllers and valve positioners. Preliminary experimental activities and results of the proposed test rig developed for Velan ABV are introduced and discussed.
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Amano, R. S., and G. R. Draxler. "High-Pressure Steam Flow in Turbine Bypass Valve System Part 1: Valve Flow." Journal of Propulsion and Power 18, no. 3 (May 2002): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.5996.

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Amano, R. S., G. R. Draxler, and J. M. Golembiewski. "High-Pressure Steam Flow in Turbine Bypass Valve System Part 2: Pipe Flow." Journal of Propulsion and Power 18, no. 3 (May 2002): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.5997.

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Arakelyan, Edik, Alexander Andryushin, Fedor Pashchenko, Sergey Mezin, Konstantin Andryushin, and Anatoly Kosoy. "Increasing the reliability and manoeuvrability of the CCGT when operating in the variable part of the power consumption schedules by switching the CCGT steam turbine to the motor mode." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601089.

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The report is devoted to the problem of increasing the reliability and manoeuvrability of the CCGT when it operates in power control modes of the power system. The generalized results of research on improving the reliability and expanding the adjustment range of the PGU-450 based on the use of bypass steam distribution, reducing the duration of start-up operations and increasing the loading speed of the steam turbine and CCGT in general in the modes of CCGT power reserve during the night load gap by transferring the CCGT steam turbine to the motor mode when the CCGT operates in the condensation mode or in the heating mode according to the GTU-CHP scheme are presented. Additional advantages of the motor mode are noted: improved reliability of the steam turbine due to the elimination of cyclic temperature fluctuations of its steam inlet valves and vibrations in the last stages of the low-pressure cylinder and the possibility of operating the steam turbine generator in the synchronous compensator mode.
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Jelínek, Tomáš, Petr Straka, and Milan Kladrubský. "Aerodynamic Characteristics of Steam Turbine Prismatic Blade Section." Applied Mechanics and Materials 821 (January 2016): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.821.48.

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For the needs of high-performance steam turbines producer the data of a blade section measurement have been analyzed in detail using an experimental and numerical approach. The blade section is used on prismatic blades in high and medium pressure steam turbine parts. The linear blade cascade was tested at four pitch/chord ratios at two different stagger angles. The blade cascade was tested under two levels of Reynolds number in the range of output izentropic Mach numbers from 0.4 to 0.9.The inlet of the test section was measured pitch-wise by five-hole probe to determine the inlet flow angle. The free stream turbulence of inlet flow was determined at 2.5% what is very close to the operating conditions on first high pressure stages. Two-dimensional flow field at the center of the blades was traversed pitch-wise downstream the cascade by means of a five-hole needle pressure probe to find out the overall integral characteristics. The blade loading was measured throughout surface pressure taps at the blade center. An in-house code based on a system of Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equation closed by non-linear two-equation EARSM k-ω turbulence model was adopted for the predictions. The code utilizes an algebraic model of bypass transition valid for both attached and separated flows taking into account the effect of free-stream turbulence and pressure gradient. Results are presented by integral characteristic in means of kinetic energy loss coefficient and velocity or pressure distribution in the blade wakes or on the blade surface. In this article, the effect of investigated criteria and comparison of experimental and numerical approach are presented and discussed.
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Lunghi, P., and S. Ubertini. "Efficiency Upgrading of an Ambient Pressure Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Plant Through the Introduction of an Indirect Heated Gas Turbine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 4 (September 24, 2002): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1492839.

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The efficient end environmentally friendly production of electricity is undoubtedly one of the 21st century priorities. Since renewable sources will be able to guarantee only a share of the future demand, the present research activity must focus on innovative energy devices and improved conversion systems and cycles. Great expectations are reserved to fuel cell systems. The direct conversion from chemical to electrical energy eliminates environmental problems connected with combustion and bypass the stringent efficiency limit due to Carnot’s principle. Still in infancy, high-temperature fuel cells present the further advantage of feasible cycle integration with steam or gas turbines. In this paper, a molten carbonate fuel cell plant is simulated in a cycle for power generation. The introduction of an external combustion gas turbine is evaluated with the aim of efficiency and net power output increase. The results show that the proposed cycle can be conveniently used as a source of power generation. As compared to internal combustion gas turbine hybrid cycles found in the literature the plant is characterized by fuel cell greater simplicity, due to the absence of pressurization, and gas turbine increased complexity, due to the presence of the heat exchange system.
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Kang, Soo Young, Jeong Ho Kim, and Tong Seop Kim. "Influence of steam injection and hot gas bypass on the performance and operation of a combined heat and power system using a recuperative cycle gas turbine." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 27, no. 8 (August 2013): 2547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-013-0639-0.

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Ikeda, Kazutaka, Hideo Nomoto, Koichi Kitaguchi, Shinya Fujitsuka, and Takashi Sasaki. "F205 Development of Advanced-Ultra Super Critical Steam Turbine System(Steam Turbine-2)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.2 (2009): _2–463_—_2–468_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.2._2-463_.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bypass system of steam turbine"

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Molák, Filip. "Bypassový systém parních turbín." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443169.

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The master’s thesis deals with the bypass system of steam turbine, especially about its heating during normal operation and cold start up. At the beginning of work, a preliminary thermodynamic calculation of condensing steam turbine with two uncontrolled extractions is made. This is followed by theoretical description and design of bypass system and design of heating during normal operation and cold start-up. The main goal of thesis is optimalization of heating, when the heating branch is connected back to turbine supply line. In the end, all options of heating are compared in terms of power output.
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Gemmell, Brian David. "A consultative expert system for intelligent diagnosis on steam turbine plant." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340915.

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Jefferson, Marx. "Analysis of combined gas turbine and steam turbine (COGAS) system for marine propulsion by computer simulation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431133.

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Sethapati, Vivek Venkata. "Computational Fluid Flow Analysis of the Enhanced-Once through Steam generator Auxiliary feedwater system." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77020.

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The once through steam generator (OTSG) is a single pass counter flow heat exchanger in which primary pressurized water from the core is circulated. Main Feedwater is injected in an annular gap on the outer periphery of the steam generator shroud such that it aspirates steam to preheat the feedwater to saturation temperature. An important component of the OTSG and enhanced once through steam generator (EOTSG) is the auxiliary feedwater system (AFW), which is used during accident/transient scenarios to remove residual heat by injecting water through jets along the outer periphery of the heat exchanger core directly on to the tubes at the top of the OTSG. The intention is for the injected water, which is subcooled, to spread into the tube nest and wet as many tubes as possible. In this project, the main objectives were to use first principles Computational Fluid Dynamics to predict the number of wetted tubes versus flow rate in the EOTSG at the AFW injection location above the top tube support plate. To perform the fluid analysis, the losses in the bypass leakage flow and broached hole leakage flow were first quantified and then used to model a 1/8th sector of the EOTSG. Using user defined functions (UDF), the loss coefficients of the leakage flows were implemented on the 1/8th sector of the EOTSG computational model to provide boundary conditions at the bypass flow and leakage flow locations With this method, the number of tubes wetted in the sector of EOTSG for various AFW flow rates was found. Results showed that the number of wetted tubes was in very close agreement to that predicted by experimental-analytical methods by the sponsor, AREVA. With the maximum flow rate of 65 l/s a total of 318 tubes were wetted and the percentage of tubes wetted with broached holes was 8.7%. The analysis on the bypass leakage flow showed that the loss coefficients was a function of the mass flow rate or the flow Reynolds number through the gap and it increased as the Reynolds number increased from 300 to 1600. The experimental and computational loss coefficients agree to within 15% of each other. In contrast, the constant loss coefficient of 1.3 used by AREVA was much higher than that obtained in this study, particularly in the low Reynolds number range. As the Reynolds number approached 3000, the loss coefficients from this study approached the value of 1.3. This value of the loss coefficient was implemented for the bypass flow leakage in the 1/8th sector of the EOTSG model. The analysis on the broached hole leakage flow was performed using a single hole, five holes, and one, two, four and eight rows of broached holes in order to characterize the loss coefficients. The one hole and five hole computational models were validated with experiments. The computational models showed the presence of voids in the leakage flow through the tube support plate (TSP), which were not observed (visually) in the experiments. The characterization of the broached hole leakage in the one, two and four rows showed that the loss coefficient of the control broached hole increased as the number of rows increased. These results indicated that for the same height of water on the TSP, the resistance to leakage flow increased as the number of tubes increased. They also indicated that leakage flow through the broached holes was not solely a function of the height of water above the TSP but also the surrounding geometrical topology and the flow characteristics. However, the analysis done for eight rows showed that the loss coefficient became constant after a certain number of rows as the loss coefficient differed by only 5% from the results of the four rows. From these results it was determined that the loss coefficient asymptotes to an estimated value of 4.0 which was implemented in the broached hole leakage flow in the 1/8th sector of the EOTSG. Computational models of the 1/8th sector of the EOTSG were implemented with the respective loss coefficients for the bypass and leakage flows. Results showed that as the AFW flow rate increased, the percentage wetted tubes increased. The data matched closely with AREVA's experimental-analytical model for flow rates of 14.5 l/s and higher. It was also deduced that complete wetting of the tubes is not possible at the maximum AFW flow rate of 65 l/s.
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Lundberg, Anders, and Tobias Jansson. "Preliminary study of a frame for a two module turbine system." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72082.

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The development of steam turbines is continuously moving forward and the aim is oftento develop configurations with higher power output. Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB is currently in the beginning of a development project which replaces a single turbine with two interconnected turbines with higher pressure and temperature of the steam than before. To ensure reliable quality and hold down costs is it an advantage to do most of the assembly before delivery to site.This thesis work at Linköping University has been written in collaboration with Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB, Finspång. The objective of this work is to investigate the possibility to mount two turbines and a gearbox on a turbine frame. Theframe will be used both for transportation and during operation.The thesis considerate analyses of the turbine layout and critical parameters that may affect a turbine frame. In addition was a frame concept developed and evaluated with respect to solid mechanics and alignment of the shaft arrangement.Our conclusion is that there are good possibilities to install the equipment on a frame and achieve demands due to solid mechanics and alignment of the shaft arrangement.We recommend Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB to carry on with the project and do further investigations of the natural frequency of the frame concept, compare financial advantages and disadvantages together with possibilities for transportation.
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Chakravarthula, Venkata Adithya. "Transient Analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/ Gas Turbine Hybrid System for Distributed Electric Propulsion." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1484651177170392.

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Benyo, Theresa Louise. "Analytical and computational investigations of a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) energy-bypass system for supersonic gas turbine engines to enable hypersonic flight." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618922.

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Historically, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used rocket-powered vehicles as launch vehicles for access to space. A familiar example is the Space Shuttle launch system. These vehicles carry both fuel and oxidizer onboard. If an external oxidizer (such as the Earth's atmosphere) is utilized, the need to carry an onboard oxidizer is eliminated, and future launch vehicles could carry a larger payload into orbit at a fraction of the total fuel expenditure. For this reason, NASA is currently researching the use of air-breathing engines to power the first stage of two-stage-to-orbit hypersonic launch systems. Removing the need to carry an onboard oxidizer leads also to reductions in total vehicle weight at liftoff. This in turn reduces the total mass of propellant required, and thus decreases the cost of carrying a specific payload into orbit or beyond. However, achieving hypersonic flight with air-breathing jet engines has several technical challenges. These challenges, such as the mode transition from supersonic to hypersonic engine operation, are under study in NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Program.

One propulsion concept that is being explored is a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy- bypass generator coupled with an off-the-shelf turbojet/turbofan. It is anticipated that this engine will be capable of operation from takeoff to Mach 7 in a single flowpath without mode transition. The MHD energy bypass consists of an MHD generator placed directly upstream of the engine, and converts a portion of the enthalpy of the inlet flow through the engine into electrical current. This reduction in flow enthalpy corresponds to a reduced Mach number at the turbojet inlet so that the engine stays within its design constraints. Furthermore, the generated electrical current may then be used to power aircraft systems or an MHD accelerator positioned downstream of the turbojet. The MHD accelerator operates in reverse of the MHD generator, re-accelerating the exhaust flow from the engine by converting electrical current back into flow enthalpy to increase thrust. Though there has been considerable research into the use of MHD generators to produce electricity for industrial power plants, interest in the technology for flight-weight aerospace applications has developed only recently.

In this research, electromagnetic fields coupled with weakly ionzed gases to slow hypersonic airflow were investigated within the confines of an MHD energy-bypass system with the goal of showing that it is possible for an air-breathing engine to transition from takeoff to Mach 7 without carrying a rocket propulsion system along with it. The MHD energy-bypass system was modeled for use on a supersonic turbojet engine. The model included all components envisioned for an MHD energy-bypass system; two preionizers, an MHD generator, and an MHD accelerator. A thermodynamic cycle analysis of the hypothesized MHD energy-bypass system on an existing supersonic turbojet engine was completed. In addition, a detailed thermodynamic, plasmadynamic, and electromagnetic analysis was combined to offer a single, comprehensive model to describe more fully the proper plasma flows and magnetic fields required for successful operation of the MHD energy bypass system.

The unique contribution of this research involved modeling the current density, temperature, velocity, pressure, electric field, Hall parameter, and electrical power throughout an annular MHD generator and an annular MHD accelerator taking into account an external magnetic field within a moving flow field, collisions of electrons with neutral particles in an ionized flow field, and collisions of ions with neutral particles in an ionized flow field (ion slip). In previous research, the ion slip term has not been considered.

The MHD energy-bypass system model showed that it is possible to expand the operating range of a supersonic jet engine from a maximum of Mach 3.5 to a maximum of Mach 7. The inclusion of ion slip within the analysis further showed that it is possible to 'drive' this system with maximum magnetic fields of 3 T and with maximum conductivity levels of 11 mhos/m. These operating parameters better the previous findings of 5 T and 10 mhos/m, and reveal that taking into account collisions between ions and neutral particles within a weakly ionized flow provides a more realistic model with added benefits of lower magnetic fields and conductivity levels especially at the higher Mach numbers. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Al-Azri, Nasser Ahmed. "Integrated approaches to the optimization of process-utility systems." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2896.

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Schrimpel, Michal. "Parovzduchová turbína s využitím přeplňovacích turbodmychadel PBS Turbo." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227963.

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The purpose of this analysis is used PBS Turbo turbochargers like a steam-air turbine in the Flexible Energy System. The System is analogy of Brayton cycle with high efficiency, but heat is transferred to the cycle through a heat exchanger. Main parts of this work are the literature search, the thermodynamic model of the steam-air cycle, and solution for other possibilities. The goal is to find maximum available electrical output and efficiency. The thermodynamic model is used to: - check computation of the standard turbocharger - computation of the steam-air turbine contain one turbocharger - computation of the steam-air turbine contain two turbochargers. The steam-air turbine is different from the turbocharger. They are compared and than there is found some new design of the new steam-air turbine. The one-turbocharger steam-air turbine is used to test steam-air cycle. The double-turbocharger steam-air turbine is suitable for Flexible Energy System. This solution has a lot of advantages.
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Skala, Šimon. "Systém ucpávkové páry pro parní turbínu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318755.

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The diploma thesis deals with preliminary design of condensing steam turbine with three unregulated steam outputs and its gland steam system particularly its description and design. The steam parameters in key outputs were determined in heat balance. The gland steam system parameters were calculated for different operating conditions. It also describes influence of pressure on performance of turbine in gland steam system. Finally, the inquiry sheet for gland steam system device was created based on calculated values.
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Books on the topic "Bypass system of steam turbine"

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Relative survival of subyearling chinook salmon after passage through the bypass system at the first powerhouse or a turbine at the first or second powerhouse and through the tailrace basins at Bonneville Dam, 1992. [Seattle, Wash: Coastal Zone and Estuarine Studies Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bypass system of steam turbine"

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Rajendra, Kale Dipak, and Rachayya Arakerimath. "Analysis of Steam Turbine Blade Failure Causes." In ICRRM 2019 – System Reliability, Quality Control, Safety, Maintenance and Management, 46–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8507-0_8.

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Hirkude, Jagannath, Sharven Kerkar, and Mrinal Borkar. "Modeling and Simulation of the Load Governing System of Steam Turbine." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 327–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0159-0_29.

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Lang, Alfred, and Bill Christman. "Fish Bypass System Impact upon Turbine Runner Performance at Rocky Reach Dam." In Hydraulic Machinery and Cavitation, 1004–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9385-9_102.

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Li, Yiliang, Danmei Xie, Changzhu Yang, Chuan Dong, and Yunpeng Wu. "Development of Control System for Supercritical 600MW Steam Turbine Made in Domestic." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 634–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_119.

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Pickens, Keith S., Ted A. Muller, Joseph A. Shoemaker, Harper L. Jacoby, and Steven P. Clark. "A Second-Generation System for Detection and Characterization of Steam-Turbine Rotor Flaws." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1145–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0817-1_144.

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Kim, I. S., H. S. Kim, I. C. Hur, K. S. Son, Je Hyun Lee, J. H. Yoon, and H. S. Kim. "High-Temperature Wear Properties of the Nitrided Alloys for Steam Turbine Valve System Parts." In Materials Science Forum, 4133–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.4133.

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Fan, Tian-jing, Nian-su Hu, jie Liu, kun Qian, Xiao-qiong Zhu, and wen-jun Wang. "A Performance Detection System for Steam Turbine-units Based on Universal Kernel Modules and Configuration." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 564–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_104.

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Sukhinov, Aleksandr, Aleksandr Chistyakov, Alla Nikitina, Irina Yakovenko, Vladimir Parshukov, Nikolay Efimov, Vadim Kopitsa, and Dmitriy Stepovoy. "Software Implementation of Mathematical Model of Thermodynamic Processes in a Steam Turbine on High-Performance System." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 159–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62932-2_15.

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Cui, Ying, Yongliang Wang, and Jingjun Zhong. "Numerical Analysis on the Nonlinear Hysteresis Phenomenon Associated with Instability of a Steam Turbine Rotor-Bearing System." In Proceedings of the 9th IFToMM International Conference on Rotor Dynamics, 2071–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06590-8_171.

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Rajesh, Gulshan Taneja, and Jagdish Prasad. "Reliability and Profit Analysis of a Power Generating System with Effect of Ambient Temperature and Priority for Repair to the Gas Turbine over Steam Turbine on System Failure." In Asset Analytics, 309–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3643-4_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bypass system of steam turbine"

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Logar, Andreas, Thomas Depolt, and Edwin Gobrecht. "Advanced Steam Turbine Bypass Valve Design for Flexible Power Plants." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26071.

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The authors company has had extensive experience providing steam turbines including auxiliary systems as a turn key contractor for more than 40 years. Bypass systems are an integrated part of modern Combined Cycle Power Plants (CCPP) [1]. Bypass systems contribute a major part for operational flexibility. They allow the shortest start-up times by minimising mismatches between boiler/HRSG and turbine. Bypass systems also lead to predictable and repeatable start-up times, as well as reducing solid particle erosion of component, to a great extent. The functional requirements for bypass valves are: • Control mode for an accurate control of the IP and LP bypass steam flow during the unit start-up and shut-down, as well as during normal operating transients. • Fast closing mode for bypass-trip (supported by spring force) when required for condenser protection. • Combined mode for fast reaction on pressure increase to a define set point and further action in control mode. In the past, a combined stop and control valve design, each with a separate stem, was common. The challenging objective for the bypass valve design was to integrate the control function and the trip function with a single stem design. The authors company has developed this advanced steam turbine bypass valve that incorporates hydraulic actuator with a single stem design. The valve bodies have noise reduction fittings and are equipped with large extensions on the outlet side to reduce vibration throughout the bypass system. The bypass valve body has an integrated steam strainer which protects both valve parts and the condenser from external debris. The bypass design is prepared for Power Plants with elevated temperatures which allow for the highest plant efficiencies [2]. Surface coating protect moving components against oxidation and reduce friction by means of a surface coating. Steam at high temperature passes through the bypass to the condenser. An incorporated water attemporating flow control system reduces the steam temperatures before entering the condenser. Condensate water is injected through an orifice in the bypass system. The orifice is located down stream in the pipe between the bypass valve and condenser. Electro-hydraulic supply units deliver the control fluid to the bypass valves. An optimized bypass system has to provide: • Long service life with low maintenance costs; • High stroke speed; • Pressure control by unit set point; • High actuation forces; • Accurate positioning; • Very short trip time into closed position. By means of bypass station, one can get highest flexibility of power plants use of the new valve one will get highest control performance and shortest reaction time.
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Greer, Brandon, Kurt Schnaithmann, and Stefan Klatt. "Steam System Design Considerations for Three Pressure Reheat Cycles With Cascade Bypass System." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26116.

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This paper discusses various issues that should be considered when designing the steam system for a typical three pressure reheat cycle, which is used at many of today’s combined cycled plants. A cascade bypass arrangement in the steam system is commonly used to ensure steam flow is available to the reheat section of the HRSG during startup. For the purposes of this paper, a cascade bypass system will be defined as high pressure steam being bypassed to the cold reheat steam and hot reheat steam being bypassed to the condenser. This arrangement can lead to conflicts between plant operation needs and the steam turbine desire to reduce the HP turbine backpressure as much as possible during startup. Plant operation needs that may dictate keeping the reheat system pressure high include export steam minimum pressure guarantees to customers, cycling operation which forces the plant to restart when equipment is still hot, and hot reheat steam bypass or condenser limitations. The HP turbine and cold reheat steam piping can have temperature limitations which may necessitate keeping the HP turbine exhaust pressure as low as possible during startup.
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3

Amano, R. S. "Flow in Duct Downstream of a Steam Turbine Bypass Valve." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88021.

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The main goal of this study is to investigate the evaporation process of a coolant (water droplets) which is injected through spray nozzles mounted on a steam turbine bypass pipeline in a co-generator system. The study includes several important factors: (1) the effects of four elbows on the flow pattern and evaporation process of the water particles, (2) heat transfer that affects the steam temperature and also the evaporation rates, and (3) the effects of a perforated plate on the flow pattern and evaporation process. The investigation of the structure of liquid spray jets during the transition into the gaseous phase was accomplished by developing a physical model of a particle tracking technique to investigate evaporation processes of the liquid droplets in a highly turbulent flow. Through this research, numerous data have been acquired and analyzed for heat transfer mechanisms of the evaporation of the water droplets in the pipeline system along with the cooling of the steam flow. The results of the computations were verified by comparing them with theoretical models, and were shown to be quite reliable.
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Amano, R. S. "High-Temperature and High-Pressure Steam Flow Through a Steam Turbine Bypass Valve Line." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50194.

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The objective of the present study is to investigate the steam flow behavior through the high-pressure turbine bypass valve. Efforts have mainly been directed at investigating the process of steam flow and property variations aforementioned bypass valve as well as to obtain correlations between the flow rate and the valve opening ratio. Modeling of the high-pressure turbulent steam flow was performed on a three-dimensional non-staggered (co-located) grid system by employing the finite volume method and by solving the three-dimensional, turbulent, compressible Navier-Stokes, and energy equations. Through this research, numerous data have been acquired and analyzed. These efforts enable us to obtain a correlation data set for the flow rate coefficient as a function of valve opening. One of the significant accomplishments is to use the model presented here for further improve a design of a turbine bypass flow valve.
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Amano, R. S. "Water Spray Cooling of High-Temperature Steam Flow Through a Steam Turbine Bypass Valve Line." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75017.

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The objective of the present study is to investigate the steam flow behavior through the high-pressure turbine bypass valve. Efforts have mainly been directed at investigating the process of steam flow and property variations aforementioned bypass valve as well as to obtain correlations between the flow rate and the valve opening ratio. Modeling of the high-pressure turbulent steam flow was performed on a three-dimensional non-staggered (co-located) grid system by employing the finite volume method and by solving the three-dimensional, turbulent, compressible Navier-Stokes, and energy equations. Through this research, numerous data have been acquired and analyzed. These efforts enable us to obtain a correlation data set for the flow rate coefficient as a function of valve opening. One of the significant accomplishments is to use the model presented here for further improve a design of a turbine bypass flow valve.
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6

Kang, S. Y., and T. S. Kim. "Impact of Steam Injection and Turbine Exhaust Gas Bypass in the Recuperative Cycle Gas Turbine CHP System." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46375.

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The capability of modulating power and heat productions by steam injection in a recuperative cycle gas turbine was investigated. A combined heat and power system using a current state-of-the-art recuperative cycle gas turbine was modeled. Variations in engine performance characteristics due to steam injection were examined. A full off-design analysis was carried out to investigate not only the performance change but also the variation in engine operation caused by the steam injection. Impact of injecting steam at different locations (recuperator and combustor) was investigated. A special attention was given to the change in the compressor surge margin, and a couple of operations that secures a minimum surge margin were comparatively analyzed. Bypass of turbine exhaust gas around the recuperator to increase steam generation was simulated and its usefulness in controlling heat to power ratio was demonstrated. Variations in electric power and thermal energy productions in response to the modulations of injection ratio and gas bypass were presented for a wide ambient temperature range.
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Amano, R. S., G. R. Draxler, and J. M. Golembiewski. "CFD Study for Steam Flows Downstream From Turbine Bypass Pipe Flow." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/cie-6031.

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Abstract The main goal of this study is to investigate the evaporation process of a coolant (water droplets) which is injected through spray nozzles mounted on a steam turbine bypass pipeline in a co-generator system. The study includes several important factors: (1) the effects of four elbows on the flow pattern and evaporation process of the water particles, (2) heat transfer that affects the steam temperature and also the evaporation rates, and (3) the effects of inserting a perforated plate on the flow pattern and evaporation process. The first goal of this study is to investigate whether or not the existence of elbows in the pipeline will enhance the evaporation process of water droplets. Two effects have been observed so far. One is that the generation of turbulence increases in the core of the elbow which results in a higher heat transfer rate between particles and steam and the other is that particles are forced to impinge onto the outer side of the pipe wall in the elbow due to the centrifugal inertia force of the flow in the curvature path. The second goal is to carefully study the heat transfer effects of three different modes; i.e., the heat exchange between the steam and the water particles, the heat transfer of flow to the wall due to turbulence convection, and the conjugate heat transfer by means of heat conduction through the pipe wall and insulation materials. The last goal of the research is to investigate the effect of the insertion of a perforated plate downstream from the cooling water spray nozzles. A detailed analysis was conducted by microscopically modeling the flow through each hole of the perforated plate. Modeling of the high-pressure turbulent steam flow was based on a non-staggered finite volume method in three-dimensional, turbulent, compressible, two-phase dispersed flow formulations. The investigation of the structure of liquid spray jets during the transition into the gaseous phase was accomplished by developing a physical model of a particle tracking technique to investigate evaporation processes of the liquid droplets in a highly turbulent flow. Computations were performed by separating the entire pipeline system into four sections, each of which was generated in a three-dimensional grid system for more efficient computations by maintaining a sufficiently large number of meshes for each section. Flow calculations were made in each region separately by patching the end conditions from one pipe to the inlet conditions of the next one. Through this research, numerous data have been acquired and analyzed for heat transfer mechanisms of the cooling water droplets in the pipeline system. The results of the computations were verified by comparing them with theoretical models, and were shown to be quite reliable.
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8

Li, Chen-Lin, Chiung-Wen Tsai, Chunkuan Shih, Jong-Rong Wang, and Su-Chin Chung. "RETRAN Application of Turbine Trip and Load Rejection of Startup Test Analysis for Lungmen ABWR." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75401.

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This study used RETRAN program to analyze the turbine trip and load rejection transients of Taiwan Power Company Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant’s startup test at 100% power and 100% core flow operating condition. This model includes thermal flow control volumes and junctions, control systems, thermal hydraulic models, safety systems, and 1D kinetics model. In Lungmen RETRAN model, four steam lines are simulated as one line. There are four simulated control systems: pressure control system, water level control system, feedwater control system, and speed control system for reactor internal pumps. The turbine trip event, at above 40% power, triggers the fast open of the bypass valves. Upon the turbine trip, the turbine stop valves close. To minimize steam bypassed to the main condenser, recirculation flow is automatically runback and a SCRRI (selected control rod run in) is initiated to reduce the reactor power. The load rejection event causes the fast opening of the bypass valves. Steam bypass will sufficiently control the pressure, because of their 110% bypass capacity. A SCRRI and RIP runback are also initiated to reduce the reactor power. This study also investigated the sensitivity analysis of turbine bypass flow, runback rate of RIPS and SCRRI to observe how they affect fuel surface heat flux, neutron flux and water level, etc. The results show that turbine bypass flow has larger impacts on dome pressure than RIPS runback rate and SCRRI. This study also indicates that test criteria in turbine trip and load rejection transients are met and Lungmen RETRAN model is performing well and applicable for Lungmen startup test predictions and analyses.
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Huo, Wenhao, Jun Li, Jiandao Yang, Liqun Shi, and Zhenping Feng. "Numerical Investigations on the Cooling Performance of the Internal Bypass Cooling System of the Ultra-Supercritical Steam Turbines Using CFD and Conjugate Heat Transfer Method." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94375.

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The cooling effect of the internal bypass cooling system in high pressure cylinder of an ultra-supercritical steam turbine using the conjugation of the flow calculation and heat transfer method was numerically studied in this paper. Three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solutions and k–ε turbulent model with scalable wall function were used to analyze the cooling performance based on the CFD software ANSYS-CFX. The details of the flow pattern of the fluid domains and temperature distributions of the solid domains in the system were illustrated. The temperature field of the high pressure cylinder was compared between the steam cooling case and the non-cooling case without consideration of the steam cooling of the internal bypass cooling system. The main conclusion that can be drawn out of this research work is that the high pressure inner casing and the large part of axial thrust balance piston can be effectively cooled by the internal bypass cooling system. In addition, the resulting temperature distributions of the inner casing are uniformed compared to the non-cooling case. The temperature of the outer casing of the high pressure cylinder increases a little compared to the non-cooling case.
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10

Nightingale, Darren M. "Design Guidelines for the Safe Operation of Steam Surface Condenser Turbine Bypass on Combined Cycle Power Plants." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3002.

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The ability to bypass steam, around the steam turbine and directly into a steam surface condenser, has been a fundamental aspect of the design of base loaded power plants for many years. The increased dependence on natural gas, and the subsequent increase in the number of combined cycle plants, has provided additional challenges for the condenser designer, and also the plant operator, with respect to safely accommodating steam bypass. However, the steam bypass requirements for modern combined cycle power plants differ significantly from those of traditionally base loaded plants, like fossil and nuclear. Higher cycle frequencies for steam bypass, faster start-ups, as well as increases in bypass steam temperatures and pressures, have all impacted the design criteria for the condenser. Indeed, for modern combined cycle plants, the bypass steam conditions are often higher than normal operation, such that the bypass requirements can very well dictate the overall design of the condenser. This, in turn, has resulted in an increase in the reported instances of operational problems, tube failures, condenser damage and plant shutdowns due to steam bypass related issues. Recorded issues and reported failures experienced by combined cycle power plants during steam bypass, have been traced to causes such as transient conditions during commissioning, faster start-ups, the poor design and location of steam bypass headers internal to the condenser, over-heating due to curtain spray deficiencies, excessive tube vibration and tube failures. Many of these issues are based on an inherent lack of understanding of the impact of the rigors of steam bypass on condenser internals. Furthermore, operation of steam bypass outside of the generally accepted design parameters often compounds these problems. This paper consolidates the learning and advances in the design of turbine bypass systems for steam surface condensers from the past 20, or so, years. It includes current design guidelines, as well as safe operational limitations, and general considerations for minimizing potential damage when operating steam bypass on a modern combined cycle power plant. Included is a Case Study of how an existing fossil power plant that was repowered, along with the existing steam surface condenser that was modified to accept the bypass steam, experienced excessive erosion and damage during the past 10+ years of operation. The condenser was recently reviewed once again, and additional modifications were implemented to take advantage of current improvements in steam bypass design. This drastically reduced further erosion and improved the condenser availability, reliability and longevity; thereby improving the plant efficiency.
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Reports on the topic "Bypass system of steam turbine"

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Guidati, Gianfranco, and Domenico Giardini. Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.4.en.

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Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.
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