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Sadh, Pardeep, Suresh Kumar, Prince Chawla, and Joginder Duhan. "Fermentation: A Boon for Production of Bioactive Compounds by Processing of Food Industries Wastes (By-Products)." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102560.
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A large number of by-products or wastes are produced worldwide through various food industries. These wastes cause a serious disposable problem with the environment. So, now a day’s different approaches are used for alternative use of these wastes because these by-products are an excellent source of various bioactive components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, caffeine, carotenoids, creatine, and polysaccharides etc. which are beneficial for human health. Furthermore, the composition of these wastes depends on the source or type of waste. Approximately half of the waste is lignocellulosic in nature produced from food processing industries. The dissimilar types of waste produced by food industries can be fortified by various processes. Fermentation is one of the oldest approaches and there are three types of fermentation processes that are carried out such as solid state, submerged and liquid fermentation used for product transformation into value added products through microorganisms. Selections of the fermentation process are product specific. Moreover, various studies were performed to obtain or fortified different bioactive compounds that are present in food industries by-products or wastes. Therefore, the current review article discussed various sources, composition and nutritive value (especially bioactive compounds) of these wastes and their management or augmentation of value-added products through fermentation.
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P, Jyothi, Vatsala G A, and Radha Gupta. "OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF BY-PRODUCTS IN DISPOSAL UNIT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RAST (April 30, 2017): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4rast.2017.3304.
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In present scenario, Waste disposal unit is one of the emerging industries. The process of collection of wastes, segregation of wastes, recycling the wastes and manufacturing by-products and selling the by-products are the major works are undertaken into consideration. Any business expectation is to get the profit. Our study is to formulate goal programming model which helps in maximizing the profit by identifying the deviation of goals in the disposal unit. Goal Programming technique is one of the optimization techniques. Manager of the disposal unit can takes the better decision using the deviation of goals. Pre emptive Goals of the study are (i) minimizing the expenditure of the unit and recycling cost of the wastes ii) boosting the net profit of the unit iii) Maintaining the supply of by-products to each location within the maximum demand iv) Fulfilling demand of by- products in different locations v) Maintaining the minimum supply of recycled by-products to 5 different locations must be at least one.
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PRECUP, Gabriela, Lavinia Florina CĂLINOIU, Laura MITREA, Maria BINDEA, Bogdan RUSU, Bianca Eugenia ȘTEFĂNESCU, and Dan Cristian VODNAR. "The Molecular Restructuring of Classical Desserts by Using Food Industry By-Products." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 74, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:0032.
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Fruit and vegetable by-products are in general thrown away and can cause environmental problems, even though they are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which may be used for innovative food production.The present work focused on achieving a new type of dessert, a “Sweetburger”, by restructuring its molecular components with the aid of molecular gastronomy techniques and using agro-industrial wastes (beetroot and sour cherry pulp and peels, melon pomace). The innovative dessert has been obtained and the bioactive compounds contained in the agro-industrial wastes have been characterized using the HPLC method, Folin-Ciocalteu and spectrophotometry. The total polyphenol content from sour cherries waste was significant, 508,9 mg gallic acid/100 g. The total anthocyanin content from beetroot pulp was 0,117 mg/ 100 g.
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I.V, Teterina. "Recycling of Polyethylene and Rubber-containing Wastes by Detonation of their Pyrolysis Products." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202199.
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Sharpley, Andrew N. "Agricultural Uses of By-Products and Wastes." Journal of Environmental Quality 27, no. 4 (July 1998): 984–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700040039x.
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Bedigian, Dorothea. "Agricultural Uses of By-Products and Wastes." Economic Botany 52, no. 3 (July 1998): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02862146.
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Li, Yuncong, Edward Hanlon, George O'Connor, Jianjun Chen, and Maria Silveira. "Land Application of Compost and Other Wastes (By-products) in Florida: Regulations, Characteristics, Benefits, and Concerns." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.41.
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Compost is the product resulting from the controlled biological decomposition of organic material that has been sanitized through the generation of heat and processed to further reduce pathogens as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and stabilized to the point that the compost is beneficial to plant growth. Organic materials used for composting in Florida are mainly yard wastes (trash) and food wastes. More than 5.7 million tons of composts could be produced from yard trash and food waste in the state. Animal manure and biosolids (treated sludge) can also be composted, but are not discussed in this article. “Other wastes” as discussed herein [food processing wastes, coal ash, wood ash, drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs), and phosphogypsum] are by-products of leading Florida industries and are available in large quantities for reuse. About 5 million tons of food processing waste [citrus (Citrus spp.) and vegetables alone], 1.85 million tons of coal ash (from 28 coal-burning power plants), 0.05 million tons of wood ash, 1000 million tons of phosphogypsum (from the state's phosphate fertilizer industry), and significant, but unknown, amounts of WTRs are available. Due to the growing interest in sustainable agriculture practices, this article is intended to discuss the current regulations and guidelines for composting and the use of composts and other wastes in Florida, the characteristics, benefits, and concerns of Florida compost and other wastes, and current research and needs of research and extension for incorporating compost and other waste materials in Florida's sustainable agriculture. Our literature search was largely limited to studies conducted in Florida.
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Wangrakdiskul, Ubolrat, Thanapong Poommong, and Pishayuth Tubtimkeaw. "Enhancement Bending Strength of Non Fired Wall Tiles by Recovering Sand-Wastes By-Products from Kaolin Beneficiation Process." Key Engineering Materials 877 (February 2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.877.123.
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Kaolin beneficiation mining is one of the sectors in a supply chain of ceramic industries, supplying qualified raw materials for manufacturing high-quality ceramic products. However, substantially by-products are generated from the mining process. The abundance fraction of sand-wastes is generated by approximately 40% of kaolin material input, amounting to 172,200 tons/ year. The burden of the manufacturer is attempting to find out the way to solve this problem. The effort of this research is to utilize waste by-products (sand-wastes) from kaolin mining. The eco-friendly Non fired wall tiles are developed with the combination of sand-wastes, laterite soil, river sand, and Portland cement Type I. They have been compared with the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 2508-2555). Results of the experiment show that the proposed wall tile can achieve the physical properties of TIS 2508-2555. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been studied to analyze the surface morphology of specimens. This can be summarized that 25% of sand-wastes can be utilized in wall tiles. In addition, energy-saving for non-firing products is achieved. Furthermore, energy-saving is also calculated and compared with fired wall tile which has similar properties.
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Sippel, I. Y., G. F. Hannanova, and K. A. Magdin. "Sorption of petroleum products by chemically modified agricultural waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 042056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/4/042056.
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Abstract The work investigated the physical, mechanical and sorption properties of cellulose-containing wastes of agro-industrial production, formed as a result of manufacturing activities of one of the large agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Tatarstan. To improve the sorption properties, the wastes were chemically modified via treating them with sodium hydroxide solutions with 0.5, 1, and 3% concentrations at a temperature of (20 ± 2) ° C. Standard and operating diesel oils were used as sorbates. As a result of alkaline treatment, there is an increase in the maximum oil absorption of sorption materials in relation to engine oils, an increase in the sorption activity with respect to iodine, which characterizes the material porosity, as well as a decrease in the bulk density of the modified samples. The best physical, mechanical and sorption properties were found in cellulose-containing waste treated with a 3% sodium hydroxide solution.
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Korzh, Z. V. "THE PECULIARITIES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ZHYTOMYR REGION." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2018.07.
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The paper analyses the peculiarities of waste management in Zhytomyr region over the last 5 years. There was a significant decrease (up to 40 %) in the amount of wastes belonging to the hazard Classes I–IV as well as almost 40 times reduction in waste products of the hazard Class III. The largest amount of waste products of the hazard Classes I–IV was formed in Popilnia district, Andrushivka district and Zhytomyr. The smallest amount of these waste products was found in Pulyny, Brusyliv and Baranivka districts. The highest amount of available waste products was registered in Zhytomyr, in Korosten and Ovruch districts respectively. Berdychiv, Malyn and Brusyliv districts were characterized as those ones generating the least amount of waste products. The waste products of mining industry and wastes of organic nature, videlicet wood waste, plant and animal waste account for 28 % of all the wastes generated for the period of 2016. Household wastes, other mineral wastes, and dead rock account for 22 %, 21 % and 16 % respectively. The lack of properly functioning infrastructure (first of all, the system of separate collection) causes annual losses of million tons of valuable resources contained in waste products. The simultaneous need of domestic processing enterprises for such raw materials is solved nowadays by means of purchasing such recyclable materials from other countries. The issue of further implementation of low-waste technologies as well as the improvement of regulatory and legal support in the field of waste management need urgent solving. Bibl. 16, Fig. 1, Tab. 2.
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Hennebert, Pierre. "RISK MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTES BY HAZARDOUS PROPERTY INCLUDING MERCURY CONTAINING WASTES." Detritus, no. 20 (August 25, 2022): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2022.15212.
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The classification of waste is complex. Once detailed chemical composition, and in some cases speciation testing has been completed, the chemicals present are checked either as hazardous chemicals or persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, detailed waste characterisation data can be used to support onward management of wastes, including hazardous wastes. A process management flowchart has been compiled using data from twelve waste streams. Specifically, for hazardous waste, the proposed approach can be used to firstly identify how a potential hazard may be eliminated using specific treatment scenarios. Secondly risk mitigation strategies are provided to reduce risks during short-term management of transportation, preparation and processing of wastes. Finally, the approach highlights how waste characterisation data can be used to guide the long-term management of hazardous waste. For non-hazardous waste a risk approach generates case specific permissible concentration limits. Hazardous waste management by risk is proposed, either for short-term operations, or during the recycling loops. The wastes containing “legacy” banned substances must be phased out. But the wastes with hazardous compounds at hazardous concentration should be recycled in controlled recycling loop. They should be managed during the loop by a risk approach, like the products they were and the products that they will become, per risk according to REACH. A worked example of this approach to mercury containing waste by hazard and by risk is presented, using leaching data (risk) to prevent groundwater contamination by mine tailings using reverse modelling, proposed to the conference of the UN Minamata Convention.
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Spalvins, Kriss, Ilze Vamza, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Single Cell Oil Production from Waste Biomass: Review of Applicable Industrial By-Products." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0071.
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Abstract Single cell oil (SCO) is an attractive alternative source of oil, which, depending on the fatty acid composition, can be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production, as an ingredient for pharmaceuticals or as a source of essential fatty acids for human and animal consumption. However, the use of SCO is limited due to use of relatively expensive food or feed products in the cultivation of SCO producing microorganisms. In order to reduce SCO production costs, the use of cheaper feedstock such as biodegradable agro-industrial wastes are necessary. At the same time, the microbial treatment of biodegradable wastes ensures the neutralization of environmentally harmful compounds and reduces the negative impact on the environment. Oleaginous microorganisms are capable of fermenting a variety of industrial by-products, waste products and wastewaters, however further discussion on properties of the waste materials is necessary to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate waste materials for SCO production. Thus, this review compares various industrial waste products that can be used as cheap feedstock for the cultivation of SCO producing microorganisms. Industrial waste products, by-products and wastewaters are compared according to their global availability, current use in competing industries, required pre-fermentation treatments, oleaginous microorganism cell concentrations and SCO yields.
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Hemati, Sepideh, Sanjith Udayakumar, Charlotte Wesley, Smitirupa Biswal, Md Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal, Negin Sarmadi, Farshid Pahlevani, and Veena Sahajwalla. "Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7010008.
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Carbon-based materials have become an indispensable component in a myriad of domestic and industrial applications. Most of the carbon-based end-of-life products discussed in this review end up in landfills. Where recycling is available, it usually involves the production of lower-value products. The allotropic nature of carbon has been analysed to identify novel materials that could be obtained from used products, which also transform into a secondary carbon resource. Thermal transformation of carbon-rich wastes is a promising and viable pathway for adding value to waste that would otherwise go to landfills. The valorisation routes of four different carbon-rich wastes by thermal transformation are reviewed in the study—automotive shredder residue (ASR), textile wastes, leather wastes, and spent coffee grounds (SCGs). Textile wastes were thermally transformed into carbon fibres and activated carbon, while ASRs were used as a reductant to produce silicon carbide (SiC) from waste glass. The leather wastes and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were employed as reductants in the reduction of hematite. This paper examines the possible routes of thermally transforming carbon-rich wastes into different industrial processes and applications. The transformation products were characterised using several techniques to assess their suitability for their respective applications. The strategy of valorising the wastes by thermal transformation has successfully prevented those wastes from ending up in landfills.
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Fomin, A., P. Khavanov, and M. I. Kozhukhova. "Autoclave Composites Containing Ferriferous Industrial By-Products." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 1030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.1030.
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Current conditions of new advanced materials production impose the application of industrial wastes from iron-ore deposits as a prospective component for building materials. A great potential of the wastes utilization found in autoclave building materials. Therefore, the effect of the ferriferous mineral admixture hematite Fe2O3 as a main component of iron-ore wastes on phase and structure formation in binder under autoclave curing as well as physical and mechanical characteristics was studied in this research. The optimal content of Fe2O3 and autoclave regime, forming hydrosilicates with ferrous components inclusion can increase strength performance of autoclave silicate composite. SEM and XRD were used in this study to analyze the microstructural and chemical characteristics. The presence of ferriferous components in the lime-silica binder system causes an increase of low-basic calcium hydrosilicates formation like 11Ǻ-tobermorite as well as formation of ferrous hydrogarnets in form of dendroid aggregates. The optimal amount of the mineral admixture Fe2O3 in the lime-silica binder was found to be 5% that provides the 13% boost of compressive strength.
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Ahmed, Daoud, and Intisar Turki. "Methane Production From Animal by-Products and Wastes." Journal of Environmental Studies 5, no. 1 (December 20, 2010): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesj.2010.185312.
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Eliopoulos, Christos, Giorgos Markou, Ioanna Langousi, and Dimitrios Arapoglou. "Reintegration of Food Industry By-Products: Potential Applications." Foods 11, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 3743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223743.
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Numerous studies have indicated that fruits and vegetables are considered as significant sources of bioactive compounds. The generated by-products, which are derived from the food industry, reveal similar or higher antioxidant activity. On the other hand, intense industrialization results in the production of large volumes of by-products, raising serious environmental issues. Therefore, this situation creates the necessity to develop new strategies in order to exploit the generated wastes, securing the ability to develop new high-added-value products. This review aims to summarize the exploitation of fruit wastes, namely, apple and citrus, as well as vegetable by-products which are derived from tomato, potato and carrot cultivation. All the aforementioned by-products have found wide applications in the development of new high-added-value products in the food and feed industry owing to their improved nutritional profiles. Furthermore, these wastes are characterized by a strong antioxidant activity, justifying their valorization in other fields such as cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
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Gowman, Alison C., Maisyn C. Picard, Loong-Tak Lim, Manjusri Misra, and Amar K. Mohanty. "Fruit waste valorization for biodegradable biocomposite applications: A review." BioResources 14, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 10047–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.gowman.
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Currently, food waste is a major concern for companies, governments, and consumers. One of the largest sources of food waste occurs during industrial processing, where substantial by-products are generated. Fruit processing creates a lot of these by-products, from undesirable or “ugly fruit,” to the skins, seeds, and fleshy parts of the fruits. These by-products compose up to 30% of the initial mass of fruit processed. Millions of tons of fruit wastes are generated globally from spoilage and industrial by-products, so it is essential to find alternative uses for fruit wastes to increase their value. This goal can be accomplished by processing fruit waste into fillers and incorporating them into polymeric materials. This review summarizes recent developments in technologies to incorporate fruit wastes from sources such as grape, apple, olive, banana, coconut, pineapple, and others into polymer matrices to create green composites or films. Various surface treatments of biofillers/fibers are also discussed; these treatments increase the adhesion and applicability of the fillers with various bioplastics. Lastly, a comprehensive review of sustainable and biodegradable biocomposites is presented.
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Lucarini, Massimo, Alessandra Durazzo, Roberta Bernini, Margherita Campo, Chiara Vita, Eliana B. Souto, Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Antonello Santini, and Annalisa Romani. "Fruit Wastes as a Valuable Source of Value-Added Compounds: A Collaborative Perspective." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 6338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216338.
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The by-products/wastes from agro-food and in particular the fruit industry represents from one side an issue since they cannot be disposed as such for their impact on the environment but they need to be treated as a waste. However, on the other side, they are a source of bioactive healthy useful compounds which can be recovered and be the starting material for other products in the view of sustainability and a circular economy addressing the global goal of “zero waste” in the environment. An updated view of the state of art of the research on fruit wastes is here given under this perspective. The topic is defined as follows: (i) literature quantitative analysis of fruit waste/by-products, with particular regards to linkage with health; (ii) an updated view of conventional and innovative extraction procedures; (iii) high-value added compounds obtained from fruit waste and associated biological properties; (iv) fruit wastes presence and relevance in updated databases. Nowadays, the investigation of the main components and related bioactivities of fruit wastes is being continuously explored throughout integrated and multidisciplinary approaches towards the exploitation of emerging fields of application which may allow to create economic, environmental, and social value in the design of an eco-friendly approach of the fruit wastes.
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Giwa, Adewale, Farah Abuhantash, Bushra Chalermthai, and Hanifa Taher. "Bio-Based Circular Economy and Polygeneration in Microalgal Production from Food Wastes: A Concise Review." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 10759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710759.
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The production of biofuels from microalgae has gained considerable attention due to the rapid diminution of fossil fuels. Despite major advantages, microalgal biofuels deployment still faces obstacles associated with the cost of biomass production and waste disposal. The production could become more cost-effective and feasible if the wastes in the production processes are recycled/reused and the biofuels produced are co-produced with high-value co-products. The aim of this review is to discuss and analyze the importance of recycling/reusing wastes and co-producing high-value products to be implemented with biofuels from microalgal-based processes. Recent advances in circular economy/integration and polygeneration, as proper strategies, are discussed. Circular economy and integration entail the reuse of food wastes, waste biomass, and wastewater in microalgal conversion processes for producing biofuels. The main focus of the section of this review on circular economy is food waste reuse for microalgal production. Polygeneration is the production of multiple products, including a biofuel as the main product and multiple co-products to ensure process cost reduction. The results reported in relevant studies have shown that microalgal growth and metabolite accumulation could be favored by mixotrophic cultivation using wastes from the conversion processes or reused food wastes. The co-production of high-value products, including pharmaceuticals, proteins, carbohydrates, pigments, bioplastics, pellets, and biofertilizers may also favor the sustainability of biofuel production from microalgae.
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Grard, Baptiste J.-P., Nastaran Manouchehri, Christine Aubry, Nathalie Frascaria-Lacoste, and Claire Chenu. "Potential of Technosols Created with Urban By-Products for Rooftop Edible Production." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 5, 2020): 3210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093210.
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Urban agriculture is sprouting throughout the world nowadays. New forms of urban agriculture are observed such as rooftop farming. In the case of low-tech rooftop farming projects, based on recycled urban waste, one of the key issues is the type of substrate used, as it determines the functions and ecosystem services delivered by the green roof. Using a five year experimental trial, we quantified the food production potential of Technosols created only with urban wastes (green waste compost, crushed wood, spent mushroom), as well as the soil fertility and the potential contamination of food products. Regarding food production, our cropping system showed promising results across the five years, in relation with the high fertility of the Technosols. This fertility was maintained, as well as the nutrients stocks after five cropping years. Most of the edible crops had trace metals contents below existing norms for toxic trace metals with nevertheless a concern regarding certain some trace metals such as Zn and Cu. There was no trace metal accumulation in the Technosols over time except for Zn. This study confirmed that constructing Technosols only from urban wastes is a suitable and efficient solution to design rooftops for edible production.
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Kherrati, B., M. Faid, M. Elyachioui, and A. Wahmane. "Process for recycling slaughterhouses wastes and by-products by fermentation." Bioresource Technology 63, no. 1 (January 1998): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(97)00081-3.
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Hennebert, Pierre. "Waste hazard properties HP 4 ‘Irritant’ and HP 8 ‘Corrosive’ by pH, acid/base buffer capacity and acid/base concentration." Detritus, no. 16 (September 30, 2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2021.15120.
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European "Technical Recommendations" have proposed, in addition to the use of substance concentrations, the use of a pH (≤ 2 or ≥ 11.5) and an acid / base buffering capacity to classify waste into according to their hazardous properties HP 4 'Irritant' and HP 8 'Corrosive'. Buffer capacity refers to a 2018 UK classification guide referring to the 'corrosive' level of a method proposed in 1988 for substances and preparations but not retained in EU regulations. The different methods of classifying products and wastes in terms of corrosivity or irritation are compared. The waste method using pH and buffering capacity is expressed as an acid / base concentration and compared to the product method (CLP). The “corrosive” level of 1988 corresponds to an average acid / base concentration ≥ 14.4Ͽie 14 times less severe than CLP (acid / base concentration ≥ 1Ͽ These methods were applied to five alkaline wastes (pH ≥ 11.5). Minimum pH waste is not classified by both methods, and three higher pH wastes are classified by both methods. Intermediate waste is classified by CLP but not by the proposed waste method. In order not to innovate and create a new divergence between products and waste, it seems preferable to use the product regulations for HP 4 and HP 8. Fortunately, the elimination of the danger HP 4 and HP 8 from acidic or alkaline waste can be obtained by neutralization (possibly by other wastes), including for alkaline wastes by (natural) carbonation by atmospheric CO2.
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Malenica, Dunja, Marko Kass, and Rajeev Bhat. "Sustainable Management and Valorization of Agri-Food Industrial Wastes and By-Products as Animal Feed: For Ruminants, Non-Ruminants and as Poultry Feed." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010117.
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Substantial increase in the production of agri-food commodities over the past years has resulted in the generation of enormous volumes of wastes and by-products, thus contributing to increased environmental pollution. Being an under-exploited raw material which are rich in bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols, dietary fibre, oils, essential vitamins, minerals, etc), novel strategies and initiatives have been proposed and implemented for the effective management and valorization of these wastes and by-products. The proposed initiatives and strategies support the concepts of EU circular economy and green biorefinery, thus promoting sustainability. One of the strategies of management of waste and by-products includes the effectual development of nutritious low-cost sustainable animal feed. Currently, in the world market, there are a range of fruit and vegetable wastes and by-products that have been effectively introduced in animal diets. Within this context, this systematic review focuses on a diversified group of agri-food wastes (and the industrial by-products), their bioactive components, the opportunities for the development of animal feed or feed supplements (for Ruminants, Non-Ruminants and as Poultry feed) and conclusively the health benefits imparted. In addition, the safety issues and regulations aspects are also covered.
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Kavyateja, Bode Venkata, and Panga Narasimha Reddy. "Effect of Industrial Waste on Strength Properties of Concrete." Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 44, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.440508.
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Industrial wastes generally pumped into water bodies and soil that would pollute the atmosphere. As a control measure, industrial wastes products utilized as waste building materials. In the present research, waste products from various industries like illuminate sludge and glass bottle powder used in different dosages as a replacement for fine aggregate and metakaolin used as a cement replacement. Split tensile strength and compressive strength of the concrete samples examined for M30 grade. Fine aggregate is substituted by glass bottle powder (i.e. 10 to 40%) and illuminate sludge (i.e. 10 to 30%). Metakaolin substituted for cement replacement (i.e. 4 to 12%). Glass bottle does not pollute the atmosphere, but the disposal of waste glass results wastage of land. Thereby glass bottle powder can be utilized as a cement replacement in the construction industry. Then the metakaolin and illuminate sludge are the waste products from the titanium product. The experiment performed to assess the strength properties by incorporating various industrial wastes in different dosages. Physical tests of all three products have carried out according to the code requirements. Three specimens have been tested for each industrial waste products ratio to examine the tensile and compressive strength of concrete at 7th day, 14th day and 28th day and eventually to cure to achieve the optimum strength of concrete. Addition of these industrial wastes into the concrete showed an outstanding improvement in modulus of rupture, split tensile strength and compressive strength at an early and later ages.
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Adedeji, Akinbode A. "Agri-Food Waste Reduction and Utilization: A Sustainability Perspective." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 2 (2022): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14797.
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HighlightsSignificant amounts of waste are produced along the agri-food supply chain.The impact of these agri-food wastes on the environment is very costly.Current solutions to reduce waste include upcycling and improved food labeling.Future goals include improving the cost-effectiveness of solutions.Abstract. As the human population edges closer to nine billion, we must explore how we can sustainably use Earth’s limited resources. Current agricultural production and food processing create significant amounts of wastes that have drastic effects on the environment, on the cost of production, and on human health and well-being. About a third of these wastes are produced domestically, as well as from agricultural production and food processing, and it often constitutes a disposal problem, although it contains many carbon-based materials (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and dietary fibers) that can be converted into useful value-added products. Converting these wastes into useful products is important because of the impact it has on the environment, including energy consumption, water usage, and the amount of carbon it releases when discarded. The long-term goal is to ensure that all materials from agri-food production and processing are turned into valuable products based on the principle of upcycling and circular bioeconomies. This short review presents succinct information on where food and agricultural wastes and by-products are generated, it summarizes recent advances in waste reduction and value-added utilization, including the need for behavioral changes and improvements in food labeling, and it presents innovations, limitations, and future prospects for circular food systems that focus on total conversion of food and agricultural wastes to value-added products. Keywords: Agri-food waste, Circular economy, Food by-product, Food residue, Sustainability, Upcycling, Value-added.
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Andrianto, Dimas, Husnawati, Zulfikar Muchammad, Danty Oktiana Prastiwi, Gina Oktaviani Sabrina, Muhammad Farhan, Imelia Dewi, et al. "Pemberdayaan Pertanian Terpadu Bermodal Limbah Ladang, Dapur dan Kandang Berbasis Koperasi di Desa Cibitung Tengah, Bogor." Agrokreatif: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 6, no. 3 (November 27, 2020): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.6.3.195-205.
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Farming in Cibitung Tengah Village, Tenjolaya Subdistrict, Bogor District, West Jawa is characterized by vegetables and sheep farming. Several problems in farming are the use of chemical fertilizers, management of agriculture and domestic wastes properly; even some people disposing of garbage in the river and also, the institutional Farmer Group Association (Gapoktan) and Female Farmer Group (KWT) are not functioning optimally. The use of an integrated farming system can increase land and livestock productivities and reduce the volume of agriculture and domestic wastes all at once. This community empowerment activity aimed to increase the people's knowledge and skill of Cibitung Tengah Village in terms of processing agricultural and domestic wastes. Thus it will overcome the garbage and overuse of chemical fertilizer problems. The discussions and outreach activities were done by a door-to-door approach, especially for people who have not been actively involved in Gapoktan and KWT. This research was carried out with several educational activities such as counseling on community waste management systems, training on organic waste processing, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) training, processing organic waste with BSF technology, making silage as goat feed, and making branding of agricultural products. This empowerment program produced new products or processed products. The products will increase the income for the people of Cibitung Tengah, such as maggot processing products, CS-Fresh products, results from waste banks, and handicraft products from waste.
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Kari, Zulhisyam Abdul, Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri, Nor Dini Rusli, Khairiyah Mat, M. B. Mahmud, Nik Nur Azwanida Zakaria, Wendy Wee, et al. "Recent Advances, Challenges, Opportunities, Product Development and Sustainability of Main Agricultural Wastes for the Aquaculture Feed Industry – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0082.
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Abstract Million tonnes of agricultural waste are generated annually worldwide. Agricultural wastes possess similar profiles to the main products but are lower in quality. Managing these agricultural wastes is costly and requires strict regulation to minimise environmental stress. Thus, these by-products could be repurposed for industrial use, such as alternative resources for aquafeed to reduce reliance on fish meal and soybean meal, fertilisers to enrich medium for growing live feed, antimicrobial agents, and immunostimulatory enhancers. Furthermore, utilising agricultural wastes and other products can help mitigate the existing environmental and economic dilemmas. Therefore, transforming these agricultural wastes into valuable products helps sustain the agricultural industry, minimises environmental impacts, and benefits industry players. Aquaculture is an important sector to supply affordable protein sources for billions worldwide. Thus, it is essential to explore inexpensive and sustainable resources to enhance aquaculture production and minimise environmental and public health impacts. Additionally, researchers and farmers need to understand the elements involved in new product development, particularly the production of novel innovations, to provide the highest quality products for consumers. In summary, agriculture waste is a valuable resource for the aquafeed industry that depends on several factors: formulation, costing, supply, feed treatment and nutritional value.
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Laftah, Waham Ashaier, and Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman. "Rice waste–based polymer composites for packaging applications: A review." Polymers and Polymer Composites 29, no. 9_suppl (October 14, 2021): S1621—S1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911211046775.
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Rice wastes are abundant, low-cost, cellulosic-based materials. The potential of using rice waste such as husk, straw, and bran in bio-composite production is a crucial target of the composite industry. Chemical composition is the main factor that offers diverse possible applications of rice wastes in bio-composite-based materials. Eco-friendly products of bio-composite polymers can be produced by reinforcing and filling polymer matrices with high cellulosic content materials such as rice waste. From manufacturing point of view, rice wastes can be used to reduce the production cost of polymer-based products and meet the requirements for green packaging materials.
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Kopynets, Ivan, Volodymyr Kaskiv, and Оleksii Sokolov. "USE OF INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS AS MINERAL POWDERS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 24 (October 1, 2021): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.24.193.
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Introduction. Mineral powder is an important structural component of asphalt concrete. Mineral powder is the output material obtained after crushing of rocks or powdery remains of the industry. It is made by grinding the following hard rocks: dolomitized limestone, dolomite, limestone. Non-carbonate raw materials and industrial wastes are also used as raw materials. Problem statement. Road construction with the arrangement of asphalt concrete pavements requires a number of components of these mixtures. Due to this, the need in scarce carbonate mineral powders is growing. Therefore, it is advisable to consider researches directed on studying a number of by-products of industry in order to use them as a mineral powder of asphalt concrete. Purpose. To analyze the existing experience of using industrial waste as a mineral powder in production of asphalt concrete mixture for further introduction and improvement of environmental safety and operational characteristics of pavement due to new road construction materials. Materials and methods. Analysis of information sources and experience in the use of industrial waste as a mineral powder and study of requirements for materials and their composition. Results. An analytical review of the experience of using industrial waste as a mineral powder was performed. Various materials have been studied and analyzed, requirements for materials, their particle size distribution, content in asphalt concrete mixture had been established. Conclusions. Analysis of information sources regarding use of industrial waste as a raw material for the production of mineral powder had determined that they are used in the whole volume in different countries and in most cases in road construction. It had been found that the use of various wastes during road construction is a viable option that needs further study.
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Anbesaw, Muhammed Seid. "Bioconversion of Keratin Wastes Using Keratinolytic Microorganisms to Generate Value-Added Products." International Journal of Biomaterials 2022 (March 22, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2048031.
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The management of keratinous wastes generated from different industries is becoming a major concern across the world. In each year, more than a billion tons of keratin waste is released into the environment. Despite some trials that have been performed and utilize this waste into valuable products, still a huge amount of keratin waste from different sources is a less explored biomaterial for making valuable products. This indicates that the huge amount of keratin waste is neither disposed properly nor converted into usable products rather thrown away to the environment that causes environmental pollution. Due to the introduction of this waste associated with different pathogenic organisms into soil and water bodies, human beings and other small and large animals are affected by different diseases. Therefore, there is a need for modern and ecofriendly approaches to dispose and convert this waste into usable products. Hence, the objective of this review is to give a concise overview regarding the degradation of keratin waste by biological approaches using keratinase producing microorganisms. The review also focuses on the practical use of keratinases and the economical importance of bioconverted products of keratinous wastes for different applications. Various researches have been studied about the source, disposal mechanisms, techniques of hydrolysis, potential use, and physical and chemical properties of keratin wastes. However, there is negligible information with regard to the use of keratin wastes as media supplements for the growth of keratinolytic microorganisms and silver retrieval from photographic and used X-ray films. Hence, this review differs from other similar reviews in the literature in that it discusses these neglected concerns.
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Montes, Jesús A., and Carlos Rico. "Biogas Potential of Wastes and By-Products of the Alcoholic Beverage Production Industries in the Spanish Region of Cantabria." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 24, 2020): 7481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217481.
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The industry of alcoholic beverage production has been, historically, both an important economic engine and a source of wastes and pollution (due to the production processes by themselves and to the energy requirements) in a number of countries. In the small region of Cantabria, in northern Spain, the production of alcoholic beverages as an economic sector has been growing in importance in recent years. Thus, there is a new flow of waste for which specific management plans have yet to be developed. The result is an increase in the total amount of urban waste to be disposed. Anaerobic digestion can be a suitable in-situ solution for the treatment of the generated wastes providing a source of renewable energy which can be a supply for the processes in these industries, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases associated to the use of fossil fuels, all of this benefitting both environment and economy. In this work the authors present the information gathered about waste generation and the biomethanogenic potential of the most important wastes generated in the industries. As a result, specific strategies could be designed for the industrial sector in the region, of which other small agro-industries can benefit.
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Zhou, Hongde, Daniel W. Smith, and David C. Sego. "Characterization and use of pulp mill fly ash and lime by-products as road construction amendments." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 581–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-081.
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Fly ash and lime by-products are the two main waste streams generated by the pulp and paper industry. Traditionally, these wastes are disposed of either in surface impoundment or landfills. Greater environmental concerns and limited land availability have made these disposal practices increasingly unacceptable and costly. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of beneficial utilization alternatives with emphasis on their use as road construction amendment materials based on technical, economical, and environmental considerations. The experiments were conducted to comprehensively characterize the chemical, physical, engineering, and environmental properties for both waste samples and their mixtures prepared with local soils at different curing conditions. Field road tests were then conducted to verify and assess the performance of the mixtures in terms of load bearing capacity, serviceability, and compaction. The results showed that pulp mill wastes would have little adverse environmental impact and could be used as road construction amendments to improve soil strength and reduce deformation. This improvement was significantly affected by soil types, moisture contents, and waste addition rates. During waste-soil amendment, the metal leachability would be further reduced by the occurrence of solidification processes.Key words: wood ash, fly ash, lime by-products, solid waste management, pulp mill waste, waste utilization, leaching tests.
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Pattnaik, Monalisha, Pooja Pandey, Gregory J. O. Martin, Hari Niwas Mishra, and Muthupandian Ashokkumar. "Innovative Technologies for Extraction and Microencapsulation of Bioactives from Plant-Based Food Waste and Their Applications in Functional Food Development." Foods 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020279.
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The by-products generated from the processing of fruits and vegetables (F&V) largely are underutilized and discarded as organic waste. These organic wastes that include seeds, pulp, skin, rinds, etc., are potential sources of bioactive compounds that have health imparting benefits. The recovery of bioactive compounds from agro-waste by recycling them to generate functional food products is of increasing interest. However, the sensitivity of these compounds to external factors restricts their utility and bioavailability. In this regard, the current review analyses various emerging technologies for the extraction of bioactives from organic wastes. The review mainly aims to discuss the basic principle of extraction for extraction techniques viz. supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pulsed electric field extraction. It provides insights into the strengths of microencapsulation techniques adopted for protecting sensitive compounds. Additionally, it outlines the possible functional food products that could be developed by utilizing components of agricultural by-products. The valorization of wastes can be an effective driver for accomplishing food security goals.
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Brazão Farinha, Catarina, Jorge de Brito, and Rosário Veiga. "Rendering Mortars with Low Sand and Cement Content. Incorporation of Sanitary Ware Waste and Forest Biomass Ashes." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093146.
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The incorporation of wastes in new materials and products is an emerging trend, reducing virgin materials’ consumption and landfill deposition and the associated environmental impacts. Cement-based mortars can encapsulate some wastes, with the benefits stated above. In three previous researches, it was found that forest biomass bottom ashes (up to 15% by volume of cement), powder of sanitary ware (up to 20% by volume of sand) and sanitary ware particles above 2 mm (100% by volume of sand) can be incorporated in rendering mortars, replacing cement or sand. Several tests were performed, and it was found that each waste’s incorporation presents advantages and limitations, when compared with a reference mortar. In this research, the aim was to take advantage of the best features of each waste, combining them in order to optimize the new mortars’ characteristics. Therefore, mortars with one, two and three wastes were analysed in this research. The ternary mix mortar had a volume of wastes equal to 83%, resulting in a mortar with 15% less cement (by volume) and without any natural aggregate (all replaced with the sanitary ware wastes). The fresh, water and mechanical behaviour of the mortars with and without wastes are presented in this research. It was concluded that it is possible to take advantage of the best features of each waste and achieve mortars simultaneously with high volume of wastes and a better performance than the reference mortar (without wastes).
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Sviderskii, V. A., S. V. Strashnenko, and L. P. Chernyak. "Ceramics from mining by-products and alumina production wastes." Glass and Ceramics 64, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-007-0012-9.
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Petrounias, Petros, Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou, Aikaterini Rogkala, Maria Kalpogiannaki, Nikolaos Laskaris, Paraskevi Lampropoulou, Panagiotis Mouzakis, Dionisios Panagiotaras, and Nikolaos Koukouzas. "Sustainable Use of By-Products and Wastes from Greece to Produce Innovative Eco-Friendly Pervious Concrete." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 5861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125861.
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This study was based on the reduction of the extraction of natural resources and, at the same time, was focused on the use of by-products and various wastes in construction applications by following the principles of circular economy. Sterile natural rocks (limestones, basalts), industrial by-products (slags), hotel construction wastes (bathroom wastes) and electronic wastes (e-wastes) were tested for pervious concrete aggregates. For this reason, ten concrete specimens were prepared and tested petrographically, structurally, and physically. The physical properties of the tested raw materials directly depended on their petrographic characteristics and played crucial role for the permeability of the produced concrete specimens, for their mechanical behavior, and for the freeze–thaw test results. Generally, from this study, strong encouraging results were achieved as concrete made by variable wastes and by-products can be compatible for concrete production as they show similar performance both in the mechanical strength test and in the freeze–thaw test with those made by natural aggregates. Another goal of this study was to recommend to other researchers the extended use of by-products, construction wastes, and e-wastes as concrete aggregates for producing eco-friendly constructions.
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Volosatova, K. A., and V. A. Shamanov. "Ceramic Mass Modifiers for the Production of Wall Ceramic Products." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-11-54-60.
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Modern methods of improving the characteristics of ceramic products by introducing modifying additives based on various industrial wastes into the composition of the ceramic mass are considered. The compositions of ceramic masses and some features of the technology of manufacturing ceramic products using industrial waste are described. A diagram for the distribution of wastes from various industries (modifiers of the ceramic mass) according to the main type of action and predominant oxides is proposed.
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Petlin, Ilya V., and Margarita S. Lesnikova. "WAYS OF PROCESSING AND RECYCLING OF FLUORINE-CONTAINING WASTE OF ALUMINUM INDUSTRY." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, no. 4 (May 12, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017604.5352.
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The information on aluminum metal production volume, its application areas and ecological problems which go with aluminum production are described. The data on fluorine containing waste products types and quantity at aluminum production were reported. The aluminum production waste products negative influence on environment was identified. For hydrogen fluoride production the use of fluorine containing waste products as alternative man-made raw material is offered. Resource effective and resource saving method of aluminum production fluorine containing waste products processing is described in detail. Processing method consists waste oxidizing calcining to move away carbon component, interaction of sulfuric acid with fluorine containing particles to product hydrogen fluoride, dissolution of solid sulphatisation product and aluminum hydroxide precipitation. Aluminum oxide and sodium sulfate can be byproducts of describing wastes processing method. Aluminum oxide can be used for production run of aluminum metal electrolytic production. Sodium sulfate can be used in glass and cellulose production, in textile and tanning industries. The thermodynamic calculations of fluorine containing wastes components with sulfuric acid chemical interaction are given. The research of kinetics of fluorine containing wastes with sulfuric acid chemical interaction by method of reacting mixture unstoppable weighing with mass auto-registration have been carried out. The dependence of transformation (reaction) degree on the time in temperature range of 220 to 260 ºС has been identified. It was characterized by Krank-Gistling-Braunstein equation. On obtained dependence the reaction area and process rate-limiting step was determined. The methods of intensification of aluminum industry fluorine containing wastes interaction process in observed temperature range has been offered. The economic and ecologic effect of aluminum industry fluorine containing wastes processing method has been established.Forcitation:Petlin I.V., Lesnikova M.S. Ways of processing and recycling of fluorine-containing waste of aluminum industry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 108-113.
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Ramirez, Jerome, Bernadette McCabe, Paul D. Jensen, Robert Speight, Mark Harrison, Lisa van den Berg, and Ian O'Hara. "Wastes to profit: a circular economy approach to value-addition in livestock industries." Animal Production Science 61, no. 6 (2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20400.
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The livestock sector is a fundamental part of the modern global economy and provides food, clothing, furnishings, and various other products. So as to ensure its resilience to changes in consumer expectations, cost of production, and environmental sustainability, the sector must shift to a circular economy model. Current strategies to recover value from wastes and low-value co-products from livestock industries yield limited value; hence, new technologies are required to upgrade wastes and co-products, and generate high-value products that can feed into the livestock value chain. Anaerobic digestion can convert high organic-content waste to biogas for energy and a stable nutrient-rich digestate that can be used as fertiliser. Microbial technologies can transform wastes to produce nutritionally advanced feeds. New materials from waste can also be produced for livestock industry-specific applications. While aiming to add commercial value, the successful implementation of these technologies will also address the environmental and productivity issues that are increasingly valued by producers and consumers.
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Rodygin, Konstantin S., Kristina A. Lotsman, Dmitriy E. Samoylenko, Viktor M. Kuznetsov, and Valentine P. Ananikov. "Towards Sustainable Carbon Return from Waste to Industry via C2-Type Molecular Unit." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 11828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911828.
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A general possibility of a sustainable cycle for carbon return to high-value-added products is discussed by turning wastes into acetylene. Pyrolyzed solid municipal wastes, pyrolyzed used cationic exchangers, and other waste carbon sources were studied in view of the design of a sustainable cycle for producing calcium carbide and acetylene. The yields of calcium carbide from carbon wastes were as high as those from industrial fossil raw materials (coke, charcoal, etc.). Conversion of carbon-containing wastes to calcium carbide provides an excellent opportunity to make acetylene, which is directly compatible with modern industry. Overall, the process returns carbon-containing wastes back to sustainable cycles to produce high-value-added products involving only C2-type molecules (calcium carbide and acetylene). Calcium carbide may be stored and transported, and on-demand acetylene generation is easy to realize. Upon incorporation into the waste processing route, calcium carbide may be an efficient carbon reservoir for quick industrial uptake.
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Kharat, Dal Singh. "Pollution Control in Meat Industry." Current Environmental Engineering 6, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212717806666190204102731.
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Meat industry generates various wastes such as effluent, emissions and solid wastes that pose environmental and health problems. The effluent released from the meat industries finds its way into the natural water resources and degrade the water quality. The solid wastes of meat industry create a public nuisance by way of foul smell if it is not handled properly. The effluents, as well as solid wastes of meat industries, are possible sources of pathogens that are hazardous to human health. Waste minimization, segregation of wastes and treatment, processing of wastes to make possible recoveries of by-products and the final disposal are the basic steps for containment of pollution from the meat industry. The effluent treatment technologies include primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. Composting, biomehtanation, rendering, incineration and burial are the processes for disposing of the solid wastes generated by meat industries. Appropriate treatment process is selected considering the level of pollution, mode of disposal and the environmental standards. The treatment and processing of meat industry wastes minimize the pollution problems and also give scope for the recovery of by-products such as bone and meat meal, tallow, methane and manure that have commercial values. The meat industries also generate odours that are required to be contained using suitable control devices. The paper seeks to give an overview of the pollution control technologies currently in use for the treatment of effluents and solid wastes, and possible recovery of by-products.
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Kim, Jihoon, Sungho Tae, and Rakhyun Kim. "Theoretical Study on the Production of Environment-Friendly Recycled Cement Using Inorganic Construction Wastes as Secondary Materials in South Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124449.
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The cement industry endeavors to reduce CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing by utilizing industrial by-products as alternative fuels and developing secondary concrete products from construction wastes. With these efforts, the cement industry is attempting to become more eco-friendly and reduce environmental load. This study analyzed the possibility of using inorganic construction wastes to produce environmentally friendly recycled cement using the process of proportioning. To this end, the types and production trends of recyclable construction wastes and previous studies on the development of recycled cement using such construction wastes were analyzed. Based on this analysis, recyclable inorganic construction wastes were selected, and real waste was collected. The chemical composition of each inorganic construction waste was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, and the composition of ordinary commercial cement was used as the baseline. After the collected inorganic construction wastes were mixed, they were fired using the Bogue formula. The mineral components of clinker, which was generated from the firing process, were predicted and analyzed. Waste gypsum board and ceiling materials were shown to contain large amounts of CaO, which could substitute limestone—a key component of cement. These results suggested that if the limestone content was greater than 85 wt %, mixing inorganic construction wastes in appropriate proportions could be used to develop various types of Portland cement.
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Călătan, Gabriela, Andreea Hegyi, Elvira Grebenisan, and Anamaria Cătălina Mircea. "Possibilities of Recovery of Industrial Waste and By-Products in Adobe-Brick-Type Masonry Elements." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063001.
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The purpose of this study is to search for possibilities to capitalize on industrial waste, which occupies huge storage spaces. This paper presents an experimental study on the possibility and efficiency of this industrial waste in the composition of clay mixtures suitable for making unburned clay bricks. Living in harmony with nature is part of sustainable development. For this purpose, six compositions based on clay and industrial waste were made. The studied industrial wastes were: ash from the Mintia thermal power plant, Romania, limestone sludge, gypsum sludge, and damped waste from the processing of imported ore.
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Ganesha, Sebastianus Dani, Salsabila Maris Syahputri, Samuel Yedija Liem, Joko Prasetyo, and Harum Azizah Darojati. "REVIEW: CORN COB POTENTIAL FOR APPLICATIONS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS." Jurnal Forum Nuklir 15, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jfn.2021.15.2.6217.
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Post-harvest activities of agricultural products often generate wastes. One of the agricultural wastes that increase every year is corn cobs, which have a high cellulose content and can potentially be used as raw materials for making natural fibers. Therefore, this study aims to examine several potential commercial products from corn cobs. The method used is a literature study by tracing the sources of previous writings. Furthermore, how to process corn cobs waste for the manufacture of natural fibers and commercial products will be discussed. From the previously traced sources in the utilization of corn cobs waste, 4 products were obtained. The results are nano hydrogels based on gamma radiation, activated carbon with a carbonation process, bioethanol using the SSF process, and the use of corn cob cellulose as good-quality brake lining.
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P, Nair, Kuriakose I, and Das B. "Effective Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Waste to Biodegradable Products for a Cleaner Earth." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (July 4, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000230.
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Earth is constantly subjected to dramatic changes due to uncontrolled human activities and this has led to climatic variations associated with global warming resulting in unparalleled greenhouse gas emissions. One of the major causes is solid waste accumulation by human activities ranging from agricultural to industrial activities. The relation between solid waste and climatic change had forced scientists to propose a solid waste management plan to reuse, recycle and create energy from solid waste preventing its accumulation and subsequent pollution. When we consider human activities which are environmentally hazardous; plastic waste accumulation, agricultural wastes disposal and fossil fuel burning holds prominent positions. Plastic wastes. The accumulation of plastic wastes and agricultural wastes pose serious problems of disposal. Plastic wastes are often incinerated or left to be dumped in landfills. Similarly, agricultural wastes are also burnt, releasing a lot of toxic gases into the atmosphere. A common solution to curb both the problems is to streamline the production of bioplastic using agricultural waste (mostly lignocellulose) as a substrate. The third major environmental threat is the increased motor vehicle emission leading to air pollution associated with health threat. The extent of risk ranges from carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health effects. Carbon dioxide emission by the increasing use of fossil fuels by ever increasing world population not only depletes the resource but also will result in anthropogenic climate change. Therefore, utilization of lignocellulosic waste material as raw material for monomers for bioplastic as well as for bioethanol production can be considered as a productive approach to address all the three problems mentioned above. In addition utilization of fermentation residue after bio products extraction can be used as a soil enriching agent. The intention is converting lignocellulosic waste to zero waste.
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Matei, Ecaterina, Andra Mihaela Predescu, Anca Andreea Șăulean, Maria Râpă, Mirela Gabriela Sohaciu, George Coman, Andrei-Constantin Berbecaru, Cristian Predescu, Dumitru Vâju, and Grigore Vlad. "Ferrous Industrial Wastes—Valuable Resources for Water and Wastewater Decontamination." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 13951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113951.
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Ferrous waste by-products from the metallurgical industry have a high potential for valorization in the context of the circular economy, and can be converted to value-added products used in environmental remediation. This research reviews the latest data available in the literature with a focus on: (i) sources from which these types of iron-based wastes originate; (ii) the types of ferrous compounds that result from different industries; (iii) the different methods (with respect to the circular economy) used to convert them into products applied in water and wastewater decontamination; (iv) the harmful effects ferrous wastes can have on the environment and human health; and (v) the future perspectives for these types of waste.
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Baroi, Anda Maria, Elwira Sieniawska, Łukasz Świątek, and Irina Fierascu. "Grape Waste Materials—An Attractive Source for Developing Nanomaterials with Versatile Applications." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050836.
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In the last decade, researchers have focused on the recycling of agro-food wastes for the production of value-added products. This eco-friendly trend is also observed in nanotechnology, where recycled raw materials may be processed into valuable nanomaterials with practical applications. Regarding environmental safety, replacing hazardous chemical substances with natural products obtained from plant wastes is an excellent opportunity for the “green synthesis” of nanomaterials. This paper aims to critically discuss plant waste, with particular emphasis on grape waste, methods of recovery of active compounds, and nanomaterials obtained from by-products, along with their versatile applications, including healthcare uses. Moreover, the challenges that may appear in this field, as well as future perspectives, are also included.
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Krzywoszynska, Anna. "‘Waste? You Mean By-Products!’ from Bio-Waste Management to Agro-Ecology in Italian Winemaking and beyond." Sociological Review 60, no. 2_suppl (December 2012): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.12037.
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This paper engages in a critique of Italian and EU agricultural bio-waste policy, taking a relational approach to understanding the role of these materials in socio-material networks of production. Specifically, I consider how the challenges posed by excess materials of agricultural production fit into larger concerns about rural sustainability, both social and environmental. Drawing on a number of case studies from the Italian winemaking industry, I demonstrate the legislative creation of waste from the by-products of winemaking such as grape marc and vine wood. By physically removing bio-wastes from the socio-material context of their production, the current legislation privileges capital and technologically intensive methods for the management of bio-wastes. This process results in environmental contradictions and an unequal distribution of economic and societal benefits from the utilization of these materials. What is needed, I argue, is the incorporation of excess materials into thinking about local agro-ecologies as environmentally, economically and culturally sustainable.
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Ungureanu, Nicoleta, Valentin Vlăduț, and Sorin-Ștefan Biriș. "Sustainable Valorization of Waste and By-Products from Sugarcane Processing." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 11089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141711089.
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Sugarcane is a lignocellulosic crop and the juice extracted from its stalks provides the raw material for 86% of sugar production. Globally, sugarcane processing to obtain sugar and/or ethanol generates more than 279 million tons of solid and liquid waste annually, as well as by-products; namely, straws, bagasse, press mud, wastewater, ash from bagasse incineration, vinasse from ethanol distillation, and molasses. If not properly managed, this waste will pose risks to both environmental factors and human health. Lately, valorization of waste has gained momentum, having an important contribution to the fulfillment of policies and objectives related to sustainable development and circular bioeconomy. Various technologies are well-established and implemented for the valorization of waste and by-products from sugarcane processing, while other innovative technologies are still in the research and development stage, with encouraging prospects. We propose a sustainable sugarcane processing flow and present an analysis of the physico-chemical characteristics of generated wastes and by-products. We emphasize the available possibilities of valorizing each waste and by-product, considering that they are important biomass resources for obtaining biofuels and a wide range of other products with added value, which will contribute to the sustainability of the environment, agriculture, and human health worldwide.
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Ben-Othman, Sana, Ivi Jõudu, and Rajeev Bhat. "Bioactives from Agri-Food Wastes: Present Insights and Future Challenges." Molecules 25, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030510.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable utilization of agri-food wastes and by-products for producing value-added products (for cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food industrial applications) provides an opportunity for earning additional income for the dependent industrial sector. Besides, effective valorisation of wastes/by-products can efficiently help in reducing environmental stress by decreasing unwarranted pollution. The major focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on valorisation of agri-food wastes and by-products with focus laid on bioactive compounds and bioactivity. The review covers the bioactives identified from wastes and by-products of plants (fruits, exotic fruits, vegetables and seeds), animals (dairy and meat) and marine (fish, shellfish seaweeds) resources. Further, insights on the present status and future challenges of sustainably utilizing agri-food wastes/by-products for value addition will be highlighted.