Relevant bibliographies by topics / By-products and wastes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'By-products and wastes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "By-products and wastes"

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Sadh, Pardeep, Suresh Kumar, Prince Chawla, and Joginder Duhan. "Fermentation: A Boon for Production of Bioactive Compounds by Processing of Food Industries Wastes (By-Products)." Molecules 23, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102560.

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A large number of by-products or wastes are produced worldwide through various food industries. These wastes cause a serious disposable problem with the environment. So, now a day’s different approaches are used for alternative use of these wastes because these by-products are an excellent source of various bioactive components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, caffeine, carotenoids, creatine, and polysaccharides etc. which are beneficial for human health. Furthermore, the composition of these wastes depends on the source or type of waste. Approximately half of the waste is lignocellulosic in nature produced from food processing industries. The dissimilar types of waste produced by food industries can be fortified by various processes. Fermentation is one of the oldest approaches and there are three types of fermentation processes that are carried out such as solid state, submerged and liquid fermentation used for product transformation into value added products through microorganisms. Selections of the fermentation process are product specific. Moreover, various studies were performed to obtain or fortified different bioactive compounds that are present in food industries by-products or wastes. Therefore, the current review article discussed various sources, composition and nutritive value (especially bioactive compounds) of these wastes and their management or augmentation of value-added products through fermentation.
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P, Jyothi, Vatsala G A, and Radha Gupta. "OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF BY-PRODUCTS IN DISPOSAL UNIT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RAST (April 30, 2017): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4rast.2017.3304.

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In present scenario, Waste disposal unit is one of the emerging industries. The process of collection of wastes, segregation of wastes, recycling the wastes and manufacturing by-products and selling the by-products are the major works are undertaken into consideration. Any business expectation is to get the profit. Our study is to formulate goal programming model which helps in maximizing the profit by identifying the deviation of goals in the disposal unit. Goal Programming technique is one of the optimization techniques. Manager of the disposal unit can takes the better decision using the deviation of goals. Pre emptive Goals of the study are (i) minimizing the expenditure of the unit and recycling cost of the wastes ii) boosting the net profit of the unit iii) Maintaining the supply of by-products to each location within the maximum demand iv) Fulfilling demand of by- products in different locations v) Maintaining the minimum supply of recycled by-products to 5 different locations must be at least one.
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PRECUP, Gabriela, Lavinia Florina CĂLINOIU, Laura MITREA, Maria BINDEA, Bogdan RUSU, Bianca Eugenia ȘTEFĂNESCU, and Dan Cristian VODNAR. "The Molecular Restructuring of Classical Desserts by Using Food Industry By-Products." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 74, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:0032.

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Fruit and vegetable by-products are in general thrown away and can cause environmental problems, even though they are a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which may be used for innovative food production.The present work focused on achieving a new type of dessert, a “Sweetburger”, by restructuring its molecular components with the aid of molecular gastronomy techniques and using agro-industrial wastes (beetroot and sour cherry pulp and peels, melon pomace). The innovative dessert has been obtained and the bioactive compounds contained in the agro-industrial wastes have been characterized using the HPLC method, Folin-Ciocalteu and spectrophotometry. The total polyphenol content from sour cherries waste was significant, 508,9 mg gallic acid/100 g. The total anthocyanin content from beetroot pulp was 0,117 mg/ 100 g.
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I.V, Teterina. "Recycling of Polyethylene and Rubber-containing Wastes by Detonation of their Pyrolysis Products." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 1027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202199.

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Sharpley, Andrew N. "Agricultural Uses of By-Products and Wastes." Journal of Environmental Quality 27, no. 4 (July 1998): 984–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700040039x.

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Bedigian, Dorothea. "Agricultural Uses of By-Products and Wastes." Economic Botany 52, no. 3 (July 1998): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02862146.

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Li, Yuncong, Edward Hanlon, George O'Connor, Jianjun Chen, and Maria Silveira. "Land Application of Compost and Other Wastes (By-products) in Florida: Regulations, Characteristics, Benefits, and Concerns." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.41.

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Compost is the product resulting from the controlled biological decomposition of organic material that has been sanitized through the generation of heat and processed to further reduce pathogens as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and stabilized to the point that the compost is beneficial to plant growth. Organic materials used for composting in Florida are mainly yard wastes (trash) and food wastes. More than 5.7 million tons of composts could be produced from yard trash and food waste in the state. Animal manure and biosolids (treated sludge) can also be composted, but are not discussed in this article. “Other wastes” as discussed herein [food processing wastes, coal ash, wood ash, drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs), and phosphogypsum] are by-products of leading Florida industries and are available in large quantities for reuse. About 5 million tons of food processing waste [citrus (Citrus spp.) and vegetables alone], 1.85 million tons of coal ash (from 28 coal-burning power plants), 0.05 million tons of wood ash, 1000 million tons of phosphogypsum (from the state's phosphate fertilizer industry), and significant, but unknown, amounts of WTRs are available. Due to the growing interest in sustainable agriculture practices, this article is intended to discuss the current regulations and guidelines for composting and the use of composts and other wastes in Florida, the characteristics, benefits, and concerns of Florida compost and other wastes, and current research and needs of research and extension for incorporating compost and other waste materials in Florida's sustainable agriculture. Our literature search was largely limited to studies conducted in Florida.
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Wangrakdiskul, Ubolrat, Thanapong Poommong, and Pishayuth Tubtimkeaw. "Enhancement Bending Strength of Non Fired Wall Tiles by Recovering Sand-Wastes By-Products from Kaolin Beneficiation Process." Key Engineering Materials 877 (February 2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.877.123.

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Kaolin beneficiation mining is one of the sectors in a supply chain of ceramic industries, supplying qualified raw materials for manufacturing high-quality ceramic products. However, substantially by-products are generated from the mining process. The abundance fraction of sand-wastes is generated by approximately 40% of kaolin material input, amounting to 172,200 tons/ year. The burden of the manufacturer is attempting to find out the way to solve this problem. The effort of this research is to utilize waste by-products (sand-wastes) from kaolin mining. The eco-friendly Non fired wall tiles are developed with the combination of sand-wastes, laterite soil, river sand, and Portland cement Type I. They have been compared with the Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 2508-2555). Results of the experiment show that the proposed wall tile can achieve the physical properties of TIS 2508-2555. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been studied to analyze the surface morphology of specimens. This can be summarized that 25% of sand-wastes can be utilized in wall tiles. In addition, energy-saving for non-firing products is achieved. Furthermore, energy-saving is also calculated and compared with fired wall tile which has similar properties.
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Sippel, I. Y., G. F. Hannanova, and K. A. Magdin. "Sorption of petroleum products by chemically modified agricultural waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 042056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/4/042056.

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Abstract The work investigated the physical, mechanical and sorption properties of cellulose-containing wastes of agro-industrial production, formed as a result of manufacturing activities of one of the large agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Tatarstan. To improve the sorption properties, the wastes were chemically modified via treating them with sodium hydroxide solutions with 0.5, 1, and 3% concentrations at a temperature of (20 ± 2) ° C. Standard and operating diesel oils were used as sorbates. As a result of alkaline treatment, there is an increase in the maximum oil absorption of sorption materials in relation to engine oils, an increase in the sorption activity with respect to iodine, which characterizes the material porosity, as well as a decrease in the bulk density of the modified samples. The best physical, mechanical and sorption properties were found in cellulose-containing waste treated with a 3% sodium hydroxide solution.
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Korzh, Z. V. "THE PECULIARITIES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ZHYTOMYR REGION." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2018.07.

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The paper analyses the peculiarities of waste management in Zhytomyr region over the last 5 years. There was a significant decrease (up to 40 %) in the amount of wastes belonging to the hazard Classes I–IV as well as almost 40 times reduction in waste products of the hazard Class III. The largest amount of waste products of the hazard Classes I–IV was formed in Popilnia district, Andrushivka district and Zhytomyr. The smallest amount of these waste products was found in Pulyny, Brusyliv and Baranivka districts. The highest amount of available waste products was registered in Zhytomyr, in Korosten and Ovruch districts respectively. Berdychiv, Malyn and Brusyliv districts were characterized as those ones generating the least amount of waste products. The waste products of mining industry and wastes of organic nature, videlicet wood waste, plant and animal waste account for 28 % of all the wastes generated for the period of 2016. Household wastes, other mineral wastes, and dead rock account for 22 %, 21 % and 16 % respectively. The lack of properly functioning infrastructure (first of all, the system of separate collection) causes annual losses of million tons of valuable resources contained in waste products. The simultaneous need of domestic processing enterprises for such raw materials is solved nowadays by means of purchasing such recyclable materials from other countries. The issue of further implementation of low-waste technologies as well as the improvement of regulatory and legal support in the field of waste management need urgent solving. Bibl. 16, Fig. 1, Tab. 2.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "By-products and wastes"

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Tetteh, Antonia Yarbeh. "Optimization studies on chitin extraction from crustacean solid wastes." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61169.

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The research pursued relates to the establishment of interrelationship between various factors affecting chitin extraction, and combination of optimum levels of factors required to maximize the yield of chitin extraction. Optimization of chitin extraction was carried out using crab, lobster, and shrimp solid wastes. The study was divided into two stages: (a) optimization of chitin extractability with respect to particle size; (b) optimization of demineralization and deproteinization stages in lobster chitin extraction using Response Surface Methodology. Particle size had a significant effect on crab and lobster chitin extractability; a particle size of 2.0mm gave the highest yield in chitin extraction. The mean yield of chitin from crab and lobster at particle size of 2.0mm were 28.8% and 23.2%, respectively. Shrimp chitin extractability was not affected by particle size with the mean yield being 25.2%. Response Surface Methodology was used to determine simultaneous effects of (a) concentration of extractant; (b) shell:extractant ratio; (c) temperature of extraction; and (d) time of extraction on deproteinization and demineralization stages of chitin extraction and hence yield of chitin. All variables had an effect on demineralization and deproteinization yields. Maximum demineralization was predictable by a multi-factor model consisting of a combination of concentration of HCl, shell:extractant ratio, temperature and time of extraction. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Angadam, Justine Oma. "Tertiary biovalorisation of Grape pomace." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2836.

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Thesis (Masters of Environmental Health)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
In the Western Cape, South Africa and other regions globally, grape pomace (GP) is one of the abundant agro-waste from the winery industry. This study reports on the hyper-extraction of fermentable sugars from GP treated with white rot fungi (WRF) Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKMF 1767 to facilitate improved biovalorisation for total reducing sugars (TRS) extraction in conjunction with Nepenthes mirabilis digestive fluids. TRS were quantified using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reagent method. The free readily dissolvable sugars from the GP recorded for the bio-treated (BT) samples was 206.39 ± 0.06 mg/L and for the untreated (UT) samples was 271.05 ± 0.02 mg/L. Overall, the TRS yield for the Bio-treated (BT) and untreated (UT) samples was recorded as 205.68 ± 0.09 and 380.93 ± 0.14 mg/L, respectively, using hot water pretreatment (HWP) with 2266.00 ± 0.73 (BT) and 2850.68 ± 0.31 mg/L (UT), respectively, for dilute acid pretreatment (DAP); with 2068.49 ± 6.02 (BT) and 2969.61 ± 8.054 mg/L (UT) respectively, using the cellulase pretreatment (CP) method. Using the HWP as a reference, the relative increases imparted by the biotreatment was higher (51%) for DAP and low (33%) for CP. The combination of conventional used pre-treatment methods (hot water pretreatment, dilute acid pre-treatment, and cellulase pre-treatment) in a single pot system was also done while monitoring the total residual phenolics (TRPCs) in the samples. Furthermore, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) were used to measure the crystallinity index (CrI) and functional groups of pre- and post-pretreated GP to ascertain the efficiency of the pre-treatment methods, with quantification of lignin, holocellulose, and ash. Overall, the TRS yield for N. mirabilis pre-treated agro-waste was 951 mg/L ± 4.666 mg/L, with biomass having a lower CrI of 33%, and 62% residual lignin content. Furthermore, reduced TRPCs were observed in hydrolysate, suggesting limited inhibitory by-product formation during N. mirabilis pre-treatment
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Esposito, Tiziana. "Technologies for the development of health products based on up-cycling of agro-food by-products." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2019. http://elea.unisa.it:8080/xmlui/handle/10556/4268.

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2017 - 2018
The agro-industrial processing produces large volumes of wastes and by-products. In recent years, wastes and by-products have attracted attention as an excellent renewable source of active compounds with beneficial effects for the human health. However, in that respect a substantial amount of research and complex processes of extraction, characterization and technological transformation are necessary for an efficient use of by-products with the purpose to develop stable and bioactive ingredients for pharmaceutical, food, and nutraceutical products. The main problems for an efficient use are that plant by-products and wastes may be sticky materials, have penetrating smell and unpleasant taste, show critical water solubility and dramatic stability behaviour over time. The present project was aimed to contribute to the zero waste society and country designing and developing new bioactive polymeric particle systems and edible films containing extracts obtained from agro-food wastes and by-products. In particular, the PhD program involved:  Selection of wastes/by-products from Campania agro-industries;  Production, chemical and biological characterization of the extracts from selected wastes/by-products: I) hazelnut shells (HSE), II) hazelnut skins (RHS-H) and III) chestnut spiny burs (CSB-H) polar extracts.  Design, development, technological and biological characterization of new polymeric microparticle systems loaded with HSE.  Design, development and characterization of active edible films loaded with RHS-H and CSB-H and evaluation of their functional efficacy. Polyphenol-rich extracts (HSE, CSB-H, and RHS-H) were produced by exhaustive maceration and Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) from the wastes. The quali/quantitative analysis of the extracts was carried out by chromatographic (Sephadex LH-20, RP-HPLC-DAD, HPLC-HRMS) and spectroscopic techniques (NMR). With the aim to overcome stability and bioavailability problems, new microparticulate powders loaded with the antioxidant and chemopreventive raw HSE extract were produced by spray drying. Pre-formulation studies allowed to select the appropriate multipolymeric matrix composed of coating polymers and loading carriers (proline, medium viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose, and pectin). The influence of instrumental and operating (temperature, air and fluid flow, pressure, nozzle diameter liquid feed viscosity and pH) process conditions on yield and encapsulation efficiency was evaluated. The produced engineered particles were characterized in terms of active HSE loading (HPLC-DAD), particles dimension (Laser Light Scattering), morphology (SEM and FM), thermal behavior (DSC), water dissolution release (USP II), preservation of bioactivity (DPPH test, MTT assay) and stability under harsh storage conditions (ICH-Guide Lines). The developed HSE particle system is water-soluble, easy handling and functional powder that can be used in topical or oral dosage forms, as adjuvant in the treatment or prevention of melanoma and cervical cancers. CSB-H and RHS-H with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were used to design an edible pullulan-based films by Casting technique. The effect of extracts on the film mechanical properties, thickness, infrared spectroscopy characteristics (FTIR-ATR), optical properties (UV-Vis transmittance), and biological activity was studied. The developed CSB-H and RHS-H films are shown to be an interesting tool to extend foodstuffs shelf life, being able to protect from the influence of external environmental and biotic factors (oxidative processes and microorganism spoilage). [edited by Author]
XXXI ciclo
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Libelo, Edward Laurence. "Characterization, utilization and treatment of mechanized clam processing wastes." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80072.

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In response to water quality deterioration caused by clam processing effluent, the Virginia State Water Control Board is imposing much greater effluent discharge limitations on the industry. Meeting these limits will require increased wastewater treatment and decreasing the water volume of water used and the loading of organic material and suspended solids. Disposal of sludges and solid wastes also present problems to the industry. Three processing plants were studied to characterize the nature, sources and variations in waste generation and to evaluate potential solutions. Wastewater is generated throughout the processing plants from washing operations, from splashing and overflow of tanks and flumes and from cleanup operations. Wastewater generation varied from plant to plant and at each plant over time, ranging from 80,000 gallons to almost 350,000 gallons per day and as high as 40,000 gallons per hour. The organic loading in wastewater ranged as high as 15,000 mg/L COD and averaged 3000-7000 mg/L. Total suspended solids loading ranged as high as 29,000, and were usually between 1,000 and 10,000 mg/L. Anaerobic digestion and composting of solid wastes were evaluated by bench scale experiments. Anaerobic digestion can provide reduction in COD of 75% and generate usable biogas. Composting can be used to stabilize sludges and solid wastes with destruction of the organic fraction in seven days. The proposed 90 mg/L BOD and 90 mg/L TSS limitations are not significantly stricter than the limitations imposed on similar plants in other areas.
Master of Science
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Massicotte, Luc. "Assessment of the agricultural value of sugar refinery by-products." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23410.

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The sugar refinery process used by Lantic Sugar Ltd generates three by-products having characteristics that give them potential as soil amendments or fertilizers, particularly as a phosphorous and calcium source. Laboratory and a field trials were conducted in order to examine the changes in agronomic properties of soil produced by the application of these residues.
During the laboratory experiment, the by-products examined were spend bone char (SBC), filter-press mud (FPM), clarification scum (SCU) and a compost (COM) produced using FPM and SCU, where as in a field experiment, COM, SBC and a mixture (MIX) made of FPM and SCU, were compared to a commercial fertilizer (TSP) and non-treated soils.
The orthic humic gleysol of clay texture and low pH soil conditions in which the field experiment was conducted resulted in high P fixation of all the applied residues. Contrasts analysis showed that TSP behaved as the soils unamended P for all nutrient concentrations in tissues over two cropping seasons (1993 and 1994), on two crops, namely wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) and corn (Zea mays, L.). Treatments (residues at different rates of application) did not significantly increase the Ca levels in COM plots nor did they increase the wet aggregate stability of soil under either crop. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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de, Kock Michelle. "Anaerobic bioconversion of liquid and solid wastes from the winemaking process." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96771.

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Thesis (MSc Food Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is a developing country that relies on its agricultural sector as a main source of overall economic welfare. Development does not only give rise to new technology and new products but also results in increased amounts of liquid and solid waste. Generally, the production of wine is considered an environmentally friendly process, but significant amounts of natural resources and organic amendments are necessary, while generating large amounts of liquid and solid wastes. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an attractive and proven treatment option for both liquid and solid wastes as valuable products and depollution can be obtained. AD of liquid waste results in an effluent and biogas, while anaerobic composting of solid waste results in an organic amendment, leachate and biogas. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the operational feasibility of the cotreatment of leachate produced during the anaerobic composting (AnC) of grape skins in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor while treating winery wastewater. This first aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the anaerobic composting of grape skins. Laboratoryscaled digesters (1L) were utilised as anaerobic composting units. The most important operational parameters were identified (pH, moisture content and inoculum (size, ratio, composition)) in order to produce a pH stable, odour free compost in 21 days. Experimental studies highlighted the importance of shredding waste as well as the addition of calcium oxide and green waste to increase the initial pH of the composting mixture. After optimising a 50% (m.m-1) cow manure inoculum, lower inoculum concentrations (10, 15 and 25% (m.m-1)) were investigated to make the process more economically viable. A 10% (m.m-1) anaerobic compost (AC) inoculum was found to produce the most favourable results in terms of pH stabilisation and leachate generation. A 50% (m.m-1) moisture level performed the best by attaining a pH > 6.5 on day 6 and having the highest end pH (7.65) on day 21, while white and red grape skins in an equal ratio were found to generate a higher end pH. With all these optimum parameters in place (shredded waste, green waste, CaO, inoculum, moisture, grape skins), a compost with a final pH (7.09), moisture (58%), nitrogen (2.25%), phosphorous (0.22%) and potassium content (1.7%) was obtained. The optimised parameters were scaled-up (1:10) by using polyvinyl chloride anaerobic digesters (20 L) to suit the operational requirements of the AnC process and also produced a stable compost within 21 days. The second aim of this study was to investigate the combined anaerobic digestion of winery wastewater (WWW) and leachate obtained from the anaerobic composting of grape skins in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). This involved the operation of a 2.3 L laboratory-scale UASB reactor for 205 days. The reactor successfully co-treated WWW and leachate at ca. 8.5 kgCOD.m-3d-1 with a final chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of over 90%, a stable reactor effluent pH (7.61) and alkalinity (3 281 CaCO3 mg.L-1). This study showed the feasibility for the combined treatment of liquid and solid waste from the winemaking process. Although the legal limits for reactor effluent disposal onto land was not met, significant reduction in COD concentrations were achieved, whilst producing a soil amendment that could potentially result in cost savings for chemical fertilisers. The benefits related to using anaerobic bioconversion as a treatment option for liquid and solid waste could possibly be advantageous to the wine industry as an environmental control technology, by converting liquid and solid waste into valuable resources.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika is 'n ontwikkelende land wat staatmaak op sy landbousektor as 'n hoofbron van algehele ekonomiese welstand. Ontwikkeling gee nie net aanleiding tot nuwe tegnologie en nuwe produkte nie, maar lei ook tot die verhoogde bydrae van vloeistof sowel as vaste afval. Oor die algemeen, word die produksie van wyn beskou as 'n omgewingsvriendelike proses, maar aansienlike hoeveelhede natuurlike hulpbronne en organiese kunsbemesting word benodig, terwyl groot hoeveelhede vloeistof en vaste afval gegenereer word. Anaërobiese vertering (AV) is 'n aantreklike en bewese behandelingsopsie vir beide vloeistof en vaste afval aangesien waardevolle produkte en suiwering verkry kan word. AV van vloeistowwe lewer uitvloeisel sowel as biogas, terwyl anaërobiese kompostering van vaste afval 'n organiese kunsbemesting, loog en biogas lewer. Die oorhoofse doel van hierdie studie was om die operasionele doeltreffendheid van die mede-behandeling van loog wat gegenereer word tydens die anaërobiese kompostering (AnK) van druiwe doppe in 'n opvloei-anaërobiese-slykkombers (OAS) reaktor terwyl kelderafvalwater behandel word, te ondersoek. Die eerste mikpunt van hierdie studie was om die doeltreffendheid van die anaërobiese komposteringsproses van druiwe doppe te ondersoek. Laboratorium-skaal verteerders (1L) is gebruik as anaërobiese komposteringseenhede. Die belangrikste operasionele parameters is geïdentifiseer (pH, voginhoud en inokulum (grootte, verhouding, samestelling)) om ‘n 'n pH-stabiele, reukvrye kompos te produseer in 21 dae. Die belangrikheid van gesnipperde afval asook die byvoeging van kalsiumoksied en groen afval om die aanvanklike pH van die komposmengsel te verhoog, is deur eksperimentele studies beklemtoom. Na die optimering van 'n 50% (m.m-1) koeimis inokulum, is laer inokulum konsentrasies (10, 15 en 25% (m.m-1)) geondersoek om die proses meer ekonomies uitvoerbaar te maak. Daar is gevind dat ‘n 10% (m.m-1) anaërobiese kompos (AK) inokulum die mees gunstige resultate lewer in terme van pH stabilisering en loog generering. ‘n 50% (m.m-1) vloeistof vlak het die beste presteer deur 'n pH> 6.5 te bereik teen Dag 6 asook die hoogste eind pH (7.65) teen Dag 21, terwyl wit en rooi druiwe doppe in dieselfde verhouding gevind is om ‘n hoër eind pH te genereer. Met al hierdie optimum parameters in plek (gesnipperde afval, groen afval, kalsiumoksied, inokulum, vog, druiwe doppe) is 'n kompos met 'n finale pH (7.09), vog (58%), stikstof (2.25%), fosfor (0.22%) en kalium inhoud (1.7%) verkry. Die optimale parameters is opgeskaal (1:10) deur gebruik te maak van polivinielchloried anaërobiese verteerders (20 L) om aan die operasionele vereistes van die AnK proses te voldoen en ook om 'n stabiele kompos binne 21 dae te produseer. Die tweede mikpunt van hierdie studie was om die gekombineerde anaërobiese vertering van kelderafvalwater en loog, verkry vanaf die anaërobiese kompos van druiwe doppe in 'n OAS reaktor, te ondersoek. Dit het die bedryf van 'n 2.3 L laboratorium-skaal OAS reaktor vir 205 dae ingesluit. Die reaktor het kelderafwater en loog suksesvol behandel by ongeveer 8.5 kgCSV.m-3d-1 met 'n finale chemiese suurstof vereiste (CSV) vermindering van meer as 90%, 'n stabiele reaktor uitvloeisel pH (7.61) en alkaliniteit (3 281 CaCO3mg.L-1). Hierdie studie het die uitvoerbaarheid van die gekombineerde behandeling van vloeistof en vaste afval van die wynmaakproses getoon. Alhoewel die wetlike vereistes van die reaktor uitvloeisel vir storting op grond nie bereik is nie, is ‘n beduidende vermindering in CSV konsentrasies bereik, asook die vervaardiging van kunsbemesting wat die potensiële aankoopkoste van chemiese kunsmis kan verminder. Die voordele verbonde aan die gebruik van anaërobiese bio-omskakeling as 'n behandelingsopsie vir vloeistof en vaste afval kan moontlik voordelig wees vir die wynbedryf as 'n omgewingsbeheerende tegnologie deur om vloeistof en vaste afval om te skakel na waardevolle bronne.
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Bernardo, Maria Manuel Serrano. "Study of the valorisation of the solid by-products obtained in the co-pyrolysis of different wastes." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10979.

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Essilfie, Rexford Justice, Hawkesbury Agricultural College, and Faculty of Food and Environmental Sciences. "Protein upgrading of orange peel waste for stock feed by solid substrate fermentation." THESIS_FES_XXX_Essilfie_R.xml, 1985. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/353.

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Protein upgrading of orange peel waste was carried out by Solid Substrate Fermentation using an Aspergillus sp. inoculum in a waste peel mixture containing peel waste, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KH2 PO4), ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] and molasses. Fermentation lasted 72 hours at 30C. after which crude protein level in the substrate increased from 5% to 13%. Factors found to be important in determing the efficiency of the fermentation process included fermentable sugar content of the medium, nitrogen and mineral levels, initial temperature, PH, moisture, agitation of the medium, and size of particles constituting the substrate. Protein quality of the fermented peel was evaluated by PEP assay and a PER value of 0.78 was recorded. It is suggested that a low level of total amino acids is the major contributory factor to this low PEP value. Total amino acid level measured 5.75g per 100g fermented peel waste.
Master of Science (Hons)
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TURRINI, FEDERICA. "Foods and agro-food wastes valorization by eco-compatible innovative techniques and formulation of new enriched and/or functional products." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/929592.

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Durante il mio dottorato di ricerca ho lavorato su diversi progetti sotto la supervisione della Prof.ssa Paola Zunin e della Prof.ssa Raffaella Boggia. Il principale obiettivo del mio lavoro è stata la valorizzazione di alcuni alimenti e scarti agro-alimentari nell’ottica della formulazione di nuovi prodotti arricchiti e o funzionali, sia in ambito alimentare che cosmetico. In particolare, le linee di ricerca che ho seguito hanno avuto come oggetto diverse matrici alimentari, tra cui: • Le olive come substrato per la realizzazione di un alimento arricchito; • Il melograno ed in particolare la valorizzazione ed il recupero dei sottoprodotti derivanti dalla produzione del succo, come potenziali fonti di composti bioattivi polifenolici; • Il riso ‘Violet Nori’, una varietà autoctona piemontese di riso colorato ad elevato contenuto in antocianine preziose che lo rende un prodotto ad importante valore aggiunto oltre ad un lavoro di valorizzazione delle foglie di tale pianta. Presupposto comune per questi studi è stato lo sviluppo e l’utilizzo di tecniche estrattive innovative, a basso impatto ed eco – compatibili sia in accordo con i principi della green chemistry (EPA) sia di un’economia sostenibile e circolare. Le olive, che rappresentano un prodotto tipico della Regione Liguria, sono state utilizzate come substrato per la realizzazione di un alimento arricchito con Ferro mediante l’utilizzo dell’impregnazione sottovuoto (Vacuum impregnation, VI). Lo spunto per intraprendere questo lavoro è stata la crescente necessità di avere a disposizione alimenti fortificati con ferro a causa del costante ed importante aumento delle diete vegetariane e vegane in Italia e nel mondo. Tramite la VI è stato possibile ottenere un prodotto arricchito che consente di introdurre una quantità di ferro pari al fabbisogno giornaliero mediante l’assunzione di pochi frutti. Il lavoro ha dimostrato come una tecnica innovativa e rapida, quale la VI, possa apportare un reale contributo all’arricchimento degli alimenti con sostanze fisiologicamente utili e alla realizzazione di alimenti funzionali destinati ad una specifica fetta di consumatori.La seconda linea di ricerca si è focalizzata sul frutto del melograno di cui sono già note numerose proprietà funzionali e salutistiche. I sottoprodotti derivanti dalla lavorazione del succo di melograno rappresentano sia un importante ed oneroso problema di smaltimento legato alle ingenti quantità prodotte sia una promettente fonte di potenziali nutraceutici. In particolare, sia le bucce (esocarpo) che lo scarto interno ottenuto dopo la spremitura del succo, ossia i residui di mesocarpo, endocarpo e arilli, solitamente scartati, hanno dimostrato di essere ancora una buona fonte di polifenoli. A fini estrattivi sono state impiegate alcune tecnologie green, come l'estrazione assistita con ultrasuoni (UAE) e l'estrazione assistita con microonde (MAE), utilizzando solventi eco-compatibili, per convertire tali residui organici in prodotti ad alto valore aggiunto e, conseguentemente, per la messa a punto di un processo di riciclo agronomico applicabile a livello industriale. Gli estratti liquidi ottenuti sono stati essiccati e formulati mediante la tecnologia Spray-drying e successivamente, utilizzati quali ingredienti funzionali in un alimento modello mediante la VI. Il colore viola intenso delle cariossidi e delle foglie della varietà ‘Violet Nori’ hanno invece stimolato l’inizio di uno studio volto al recupero dei composti ad attività antiossidante da tali prodotti. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di sviluppare un metodo economico ed eco-compatibile per l’estrazione delle antocianine e di altri composti antiossidanti idrofili dalle cariossidi, dalle farine e dalle foglie del riso ‘Violet Nori’ ed effettuare un confronto oltre che tra i prodotti della varietà ‘Violet Nori’ anche con estratti di cariossidi di altre tipologie di risi colorati reperibili sul mercato locale. Lo studio effettuato sulle cariossidi ha confermato il loro interesse come fonti di antocianine e di altri composti antiossidante, apparsi spesso maggiori che in altre varietà di riso colorato. Lo studio effettuato sulle foglie, un sottoprodotto della produzione del riso, ha dimostrato il loro interesse in vista di un loro potenziale impiego come materia prima a basso costo per l’estrazione di antocianine preziose per uso alimentare, nutraceutico e cosmeceutico. La mia attività di ricerca ha più marginalmente riguardato anche lo studio di altri prodotti alimentari come: • I gemmo derivati, una categoria di prodotti naturali classificati nella Comunità europea come integratori alimentari a base erboristica, ottenuti per macerazione dei tessuti meristematici freschi di alberi e piante erbacee i quali differentemente dalle corrispondenti parti adulte vantano elevati contenuti in composti nutritivi che conferiscono ai prodotti derivati un elevato valore aggiunto; • Alcune tipologie di latti in polvere destinati ai neonati al fine di individuarne la composizione di acidi grassi (totali e "liberi" ossia incapsulati) e valutarne il grado di ossidazione a seguito dell'apertura della confezione; • Il tè verde utilizzando la spettroscopia a fluorescenza, una tecnica veloce, non distruttiva ed economica, abbinata alla chemiometria per l'autenticazione e la discriminazione della tipologia di tè in base alla sua origine geografica.
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Giongo, Camila Nascimento. "Fermentação semissólida de okara com Saccharomyces cerevisiae r. f. bayanus visando a biotransformação de isoflavonas e melhoria da qualidade nutricional." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/704.

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CAPES
O okara é uma biomassa gerada no processamento do extrato hidrossolúvel de soja e do tofu. Tal biomassa tem elevada qualidade nutricional em função do conteúdo de proteínas, fibras e compostos bioativos como as isoflavonas. É gerado em grandes quantidades pela indústria processadora de soja como um subproduto e embora se trate de um material de baixo valor comercial possui em sua composição moléculas com potencial nutricional e funcional. As isoflavonas estão presentes na soja principalmente nas formas conjugadas (β-glicosídicas, acetil e malonil) e, em menor proporção, nas formas livres (agliconas). Diversos estudos comprovam a eficiência das isoflavonas agliconas na prevenção de doenças crônicas. Algumas tecnologias têm sido empregadas para a bioconversão das isoflavonas β-glicosídicas em agliconas baseadas na ação de enzimas β-glicosidases sintetizadas por micro-organismos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou a bioconversão de isoflavonas presentes no okara através de fermentação semissólida por Saccharomyces cerevisiae r. f. bayanus, buscando melhorar a qualidade nutricional e propriedades biológicas do okara para uso como ingrediente em produtos alimentícios. A fermentação semissólida foi conduzida a 28 °C durante 72 horas. O processo contribuiu para o aumento dos teores de proteínas e redução do conteúdo de fibra bruta o que pode contribuir para melhorar a digestibilidade do produto. A fermentação proporcionou a biotransformação de isoflavonas conjugadas em agliconas, o que levou ao aumento da quantidade de compostos fenólicos, capacidade antioxidante da biomassa e consequente melhoria da qualidade nutricional. A biotransformação das isoflavonas do okara por processo fermentativo mostrou ser uma estratégia promissora para agregação de valor e melhor aproveitamento da biomassa.
Okara is a biomass generated by the soybean and tofu water soluble extract process. Such biomass has a very important nutritional quality because of the protein content, fibres and bioactive compounds as the isoflavons. It is produced in great amounts by the soybean processing industry as a by-product, although it is a product of low commercial value, it possess on its composition molecules with nutritional and functional potential. The isoflavons are present in the soybean mainly in the combined forms (B-glycosidics, acetyl and molonic) and, in a minor proportion, in the free forms (aglycons). Several studies prove the efficiency of aglycons isoflavons preventing cronicle diseases. Some technologies have been employed for the bioconversion of β-glycosidic isoflavon in aglycons based in the action of enzymes β-glycoside hydrolase synthesized by microorganisms. In this context, the current work has aimed the bioconversion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae r. f. bayanus, trying to improve the okara nutritional quality and biological properties in order to use it as an ingredient in food. The semisolid fermentation has been lead under 28° C per 72 hours. The process was conduction at increase protein and reduction of crude fiber content improving the product digestibility. The fermentation provided a biotransformation of isoflavonscombining aglycons, what has taken to the raise of amount of phenolic compounds, biomasa antioxidant capacity and consequently improving of nutritional quality. The biotransformation of okara isoflavons by fermentation process has should to be a promising strategy for adding value and better use of biomass.
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Books on the topic "By-products and wastes"

1

Muzaffar, Khalid, Sajad Ahmad Sofi, and Shabir Ahmad Mir. Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463.

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Rechcigl, Jack E., and Herbert C. MacKinnon, eds. Agricultural Uses of By-Products and Wastes. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0668.

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E, Rechcigl Jack, MacKinnon Herbert C. 1930-, American Chemical Society. Division of Fertilizer and Soil Chemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Agricultural uses of by-products and wastes. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997.

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Ayres, Robert U. Aggregate wastes in the U.S. chemical industries. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1993.

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F, Power J., ed. Land application of agricultural, industrial, and municipal by-products. Madison, Wis., USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2000.

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Sally, Brown, Angle J. Scott, Jacobs Lee, and Beltsville Symposium (22nd : 1997), eds. Beneficial co-utilization of agricultural, municipal, and industrial by-products. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1998.

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Zhang, Zhuohong. Supercritical water oxidation of 4-monochlorobiphenyl (4MCB): Reaction kinetics, destruction efficiency and by-products. Ann Arbor, Mich: UMI Dissertation Services, 2000.

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Nollet, Leo M. L. Handbook of analysis of edible animal by-products. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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Someus, Edward. Food crop mineral deficiency & disturbance stress mitigation in temperate climatic regions by economical & environmental valorization of agricultural by-products. Hauppage: Nova Science, 2009.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards Division and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation, eds. Alternative control technology document: Organic waste process vents. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "By-products and wastes"

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Singh, Barinderjit, Gurwinder Kaur, Reetu, and Shafiya Rafiq. "Cashew Wastes." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 273–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-18.

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Barbhuiya, Rahul Islam, Sushil Kumar Singh, and Poonam Singha. "Mangosteen Wastes." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 113–24. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-8.

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Barbhuiya, Rahul Islam, Poonam Singha, and Sushil Kumar Singh. "Pomelo Wastes." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 19–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-2.

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Kumar, Yogesh, Samandeep Kaur, Saptashish Deb, and D. C. Saxena. "Banana Wastes." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 141–60. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-10.

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Eyiz, Vildan, and Ismail Tontul. "Avocado Wastes." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 39–54. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-3.

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Koç, Gülşah Çalışkan. "Apricot Fruit Wastes." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 193–208. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-13.

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Kumar, Shiv, Poonam Baniwal, Harpreet Kaur, Rekha Kaushik, Sugandha Sharma, and Naseer Ahmed. "Pomegranate Wastes and By-Products." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 323–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-22.

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Suthar, Priyanka, Bababode Adesegun Kehinde, Shafiya Rafiq, Nazmin Ansari, Barinderjit Singh, and Harish Kumar. "Orange Wastes and By-Products." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 87–98. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-6.

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Bhat, Suheela, Priyanka Suthar, Shafiya Rafiq, Asmat Farooq, and Touseef Sheikh. "Pineapple Wastes and By-Products." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 289–304. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-19.

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Abdel-Hay, Madiha, Asmat Farooq, and Fozia Kamran. "Papaya Wastes and By-Products." In Handbook of Fruit Wastes and By-Products, 175–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003164463-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "By-products and wastes"

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"Evaluation of Palm Fiber Components as Alternative Biomass Wastes for Medium Density Fiberboard Manufacturing." In By-Products of Palm Trees and Their Applications. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900178-7.

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Moisa, Cristian, Andreea I. Lupitu, Adriana Csakvari, Dana Radu, Dorina Chambre, Lucian Copolovici, and Dana Maria Copolovici. "Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Natural Extracts Recovered from Wastes and By-Products." In Priochem 2021. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007007.

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PASHKEVICH, DMITRII S., and ANTON V. MAMAEV. "PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE BY PROCESSING FLUORINE-CONTAINING WASTES AND BY-PRODUCTS OF MODERN INDUSTRIES." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm180111.

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Ozcan, Mehmet Musa, and Viktar Lemiasheuski. "ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND EVALUATION OF BY-PRODUCTS OF OLIVE OIL PRODUCTION." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-1-198-201.

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Olive production has been carried out in Turkey for many years. Olive is an important product in Turkey in terms of both production amount and economic value. Olives and olive oil obtained from olives have been important nutrients for humans for centuries. In olive production, which has a very important place in the country’s economy, in addition to main products such as olive oil and table olives and olive oil, solid and liquid by-products such as “Pirina” and “Blackwater” are formed in olive oil factories. Against pomace, which can be evaluated economically, black water is left indiscriminately to the environment. Most of the wastes that occur on average as 200 billion tons each year are either left to nature as garbage or used as fuel, animal feed or fertilizer with a little processing. Environmental pollution that appears with increasing industrialization and population, and the economic consumption used to eliminate pollution cause wastes to become a biomass problem. Olive black water contains sugars, organic acids, polyalcohols, pectins, colloids, tannins and lipids. Valuable products can be produced by biotechnological conversion from solid and liquid wastes from the olive oil industry.
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MIRCEA, Anamaria Catalina. "CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS DEVELOPED BY THE USE OF LOCAL MINERAL ADDITIONS (INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS AND WASTES)." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/4.1/s18.084.

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Yoshiyuki, Ito, Kondo Toshiyuki, Murayama Yasumi, and Kogawa Noboru. "Investigation of the Degradation of Bituminized Products by the Stored." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1265.

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Abstract Bituminized products, that are soldified the low radioactive liquid wastes from Tokai Reprocessing Plant, may degrade by the progress of the stored years. Moreover, under disposal condition, it is considered that the bituminized products contact groundwater. Therefore, it was investigated the physical properties and the gamma radionuclides of the stored products. The physical property of bituminized products did not change in about 10 years storage. And also, the leaching test was carried out, it was confirmed that the leaching of the salts was not easy to release from the bituminized product by the progress of the stored years.
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Mason, J. Brad, and Corey A. Myers. "THOR® Steam Reforming Technology for the Treatment of Ion Exchange Resins and More Complex Wastes Such as Fuel Reprocessing Wastes." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40165.

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The THOR® fluidized bed steam reforming process has been successfully operated for more than 10 years in the United States for the treatment of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes generated by commercial nuclear power plants. The principle waste stream that has been treated is ion exchange resins (IER) and Dry Active Waste (DAW), but various liquids, sludges, and solid organic wastes have also been treated. The principle advantages of the THOR® process include: (a) high volume reduction on the order of 5:1 to 10:1 for IER and up to 50:1 for high plastic content DAW streams depending on the waste type and waste characteristics, (b) environmentally compliant off-gas emissions, (c) reliable conversion of wastes into mineralized products that are durable and leach-resistant, and (d) no liquid effluents for treatment of most radioactive wastes. Over the past ten years, the THOR® process has been adapted for the treatment of more complex wastes including historic defense wastes, reprocessing wastes, and other wastes associated with the fuel cycle. As part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) environmental remediation activities, the THOR® dual bed steam reforming process has successfully processed: (a) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Sodium-Bearing Waste (SBW), (b) Savannah River Tank 48 High Level Waste (HLW), (c) Hanford Low Activity Waste (LAW), and (d) Hanford Waste Treatment Plant Secondary Waste (WTP-SW) liquid slurry simulants. The THOR® process has been shown in pilot plant operations to successfully process various simulated liquid, radioactive, nitrate-containing wastes into environmentally safe, leach-resistant, solid mineralized products. These mineralized products incorporate normally soluble ions (e.g. - Na, K, Cs, Tc), sulfates, chloride salts, and fluoride salts into an alkali alumino-silicate mineral matrix that inhibits the leaching of those ions into the environment. The solid mineralized products produced by the THOR® process exhibit durability and leach resistance characteristics superior to borosilicate waste glasses. As a result of this work, a full-scale THOR® process facility is currently under construction at the DOE’s Idaho site for the treatment of SBW and a full-scale facility is in the final design stage for the DOE’s Savannah River Site for the treatment of Tank 48 high level waste. Recent work has focused on the development of new monolithic waste formulations, the extension of the THOR® process to new waste streams, and the development of modular THOR® processes for niche waste treatment applications. This paper will provide an overview of current THOR® projects and summarize the processes and outcomes of the regulatory and safety reviews that have been necessary for the THOR® process to gain acceptance in the USA.
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Lemiasheuski, V. O., and M. M. Ozcan. "CEREAL PRODUCT WASTES AND THEIR UTILIZATION IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL AREAS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-191-195.

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In the food industry a large amount of solid and liquid waste is produced during production, preparation and consumption. When these wastes are given directly to the environment, they cause environmental pollution and the loss of valuable biomass and nutrients. In food factories, large amounts of food wastes, called by-products, are formed as a result of the process, and many of these are immediately destroyed or used to produce products with low economic value (animal feed, fertilizer, etc.) using lower technologies.
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Martinent, Jean-Régis, Yasmine Lalau, Guilhem Dejean, and Doan Pham Minh. "Valorisation of Local Residues, By-Products and Wastes into Ceramic Materials for Civil Engineer Application." In The 7th World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icsect22.176.

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Nikolaeva, Svetlana, Enrique Sanchez, Manuel Moya, Marlen Duran, and Bernal Mederos. "A sustainable management of treatment plant for dairy wastes with the use of its by-products." In Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2009.5261973.

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Reports on the topic "By-products and wastes"

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Hassett, D. J., and D. F. Pflughoeft-Hassett. Use of coal combustion by-products for solidification/stabilization of hazardous wastes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491468.

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Cobb, Jr, James T., Ronald D. Neufeld, and Jana Agostini. TREATMENT OF METAL-LADEN HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH ADVANCED CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BY-PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/790721.

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James T. Cobb, Jr, Ronald D. Neufeld, and Jana Agostini. TREATMENT OF METAL-LADEN HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH ADVANCED CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BY-PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/766685.

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James T. Cobb, Jr, Ronald D. Neufeld, and Jana Agostini. TREATMENT OF METAL-LADEN HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH ADVANCED CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BY-PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/766686.

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James T. Cobb, Jr, Ronald D. Neufeld, and Jana Agostini. TREATMENT OF METAL-LADEN HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH ADVANCED CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BY-PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/766688.

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James T. Cobb, Jr, Ronald D. Neufeld, and Jana Agostini. TREATMENT OF METAL-LADEN HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH ADVANCED CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BY-PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769319.

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James T. Cobb, Jr, and Ronald D. Neufeld. TREATMENT OF METAL-LADEN HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH ADVANCED CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BY-PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769328.

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James T. Cobb, Jr. TREATMENT OF METAL-LADEN HAZARDOUS WASTES WITH ADVANCED CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY BY-PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820752.

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James T. Cobb, Jr, Ronald D. Neufeld, Jana Agostini, and Wiles Elder. Treatment of metal-laden hazardous wastes with advanced Clean Coal Technology by-products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750848.

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James T. Cobb, Jr, Ronald D. Neufeld, and Jana Agostini. Treatment of metal-laden hazardous wastes with advanced Clean Coal Technology by-products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750849.

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