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Academic literature on the topic 'Buy oxycodone without prescription'

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Published: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Buy oxycodone without prescription"

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Cunningham, Daniel J., Colleen Wixted, Nicholas B. Allen, Andrew Hanselman, and Samuel B. Adams. "How Has Opioid Prescribing in Total Ankle Arthroplasty Changed with Time and State Legislation? A National and State-Level Analysis." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00159.

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Category: Ankle; Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an increasingly-utilized treatment for ankle arthritis, and opioids are commonly used as part of perioperative pain control. However, many states have enacted opioid-limiting legislation to reduce perioperative opioid prescribing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of time and state legislation on perioperative opioid prescribing in TAA. Methods: This study is a retrospective, observational review of 90-day perioperative opioid prescribing in 1,829 patients undergoing TAA throughout the United States using a large insurance database. Initial and cumulative volumes and rates of opioid prescription filling were recorded along with baseline patient and operative characteristics. Dates of state legislation enactment were also recorded. Student t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariable linear and logistic regression were utilized to analyze the impact of time and state legislation on opioid prescription filling. Results: In the 90-day perioperative time period, initial and cumulative opioid prescription filling in oxycodone 5-mg equivalents has decreased significantly from 2010 (63.8 initial and 163.3 cumulative oxycodone 5-mg equivalents filled) to 2019 (41.1 initial and 67.2 cumulative oxycodone 5-mg equivalents filled). States with opioid-limiting legislation saw larger and more significant reductions in initial and cumulative opioid prescription filling pre-act to post-act (63.3 to 50.6 oxycodone 5-mg equivalents filled with legislation vs 61.4 to 51.9 oxycodone 5-mg equivalents filled without legislation initial and 146.4 to 93.3 oxycodone 5-mg equivalents filled with legislation vs 125.1 to 108.6 oxycodone 5-mg equivalents filled without legislation cumulative). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that orthopaedic surgeons in states with opioid-limiting legislation have responded by significantly reducing 90-day perioperative opioid prescribing in TAA. These results encourage states without legislation to enact opioid-specific laws to reduce opioid prescribing.
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Cunningham, Daniel J., Nicholas Kwon, Nicholas B. Allen, Andrew Hanselman, and Samuel B. Adams. "Time and State Legislation Have Decreased Opioid Prescribing in Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery in the United States." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00162.

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Category: Other; Ankle; Ankle Arthritis; Arthroscopy; Bunion; Hindfoot; Lesser Toes; Midfoot/Forefoot; Sports Introduction/Purpose: The opioid epidemic has focused attention on opioid overprescribing. State legislation has been enacted to reduce acute opioid prescribing. However, the impact of this legislation on elective foot and ankle surgery is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of opioid limiting legislation on opioid prescribing in elective foot and ankle surgery. Methods: 90-day perioperative opioid prescription filling in oxycodone 5-mg equivalents was identified in all patients ages 18 and older undergoing non-trauma, non-arthroplasty foot and ankle surgery from 2010 - 2019 using a commercial database. States with and without legislation were identified and opioid prescription filling before and after legislation was tabulated. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of time and state legislation on perioperative opioid prescribing in this patient population. Results: Initial and cumulative opioid prescribing decreased significantly from 2010 to 2019 (39 vs 35.7 initial and 98.1 vs 55.7 cumulative oxycodone 5-mg equivalents, p<0.001). States with legislation had larger and more significant reductions in initial and cumulative opioid prescribing compared to states without legislation over similar timeframes (41.6 to 35.1 with legislation vs 40.6 to 39.1 without legislation initial oxycodone 5-mg equivalents prescription filling volume and 87.7 to 62.8 vs 88.6 to 74.1 cumulative oxycodone 5-mg equivalents prescription filling volume, p<0.001). The figure shows state-level changes in opioid prescription filling from pre-act to post-act. Conclusion: State legislation and time have been associated with large, clinically relevant reductions in 90-day perioperative cumulative opioid prescription filling although reductions in initial opioid prescription filing have remained low. These results encourage states without legislation to enact restraints to reduce the impact of the opioid epidemic.
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3

Reisman, Richard M., Pareen J. Shenoy, Adam J. Atherly, and Christopher R. Flowers. "Prescription Opioid Usage and Abuse Relationships: An Evaluation of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Efficacy." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 3 (January 2009): SART.S2345. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s2345.

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Context The dramatic rise in the use of prescription opioids to treat non-cancer pain has been paralleled by increasing prescription opioid abuse. However, detailed analyses of these trends and programs to address them are lacking. Objective To study the association between state shipments of prescription opioids for medical use and prescription opioid abuse admissions and to assess the effects of state prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) on prescription opioid abuse admissions. Design and Setting A retrospective ecological cohort study comparing state prescription opioid shipments (source: Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders Systems database) and inpatient admissions for prescription opioid abuse (source: Treatment Episode Data Set) in 14 states with PDMPs (intervention group) and 36 states without PDMPs (control group) for the period 1997–2003. Results From 1997 to 2003, oxycodone, morphine, and hydrocodone shipments increased by 479%, 100%, and 148% respectively. Increasing prescription oxycodone shipments were significantly associated with increasing prescription opioid admission rates (p < 0.001). PDMP states had significantly lower oxycodone shipments than the control group. PDMP states had less increase in prescription opioid admissions per year (p = 0.063). A patient admitted to an inpatient drug abuse rehabilitation program in a PDMP state was less likely to be admitted for prescription opioid drug abuse (Odds ratio = 0.775, 95% Confidence Interval 0.764–0.785). Conclusions PDMPs appear to decrease the quantity of oxycodone shipments and the prescription opioid admission rate for states with these programs. Overall, opioid shipments rose significantly in PDMP states during the study period indicating a negligible “chilling effect” on physician prescribing.
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4

Cunningham, Daniel J., Michael Blatter, Samuel B. Adams, and Mark Gage. "State Regulation Positively Impacts Opioid Prescribing Patterns in Ankle Fracture Surgery: A National and State-Level Analysis." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00161.

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Category: Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: The impact of time and state regulation on opioid prescribing in orthopaedic trauma is not well known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of time and state-level opioid legislation on 90-day perioperative opioid prescribing in ankle fracture surgery from 2010 - 2019. Methods: This is a retrospective, cohort study using a national insurance database including commercial insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and cash pay patients to evaluate 90-day perioperative opioid prescription filling in 40,286 patients ages 18 and older undergoing Current Procedural Terminology codes 27766, 27769, 27792, 27814, 27822, and/or 27823 between 2010 and 2019 in all 50 United States. The primary study outcome was initial and cumulative 90-day perioperative opioid prescription filling and rates of filling and refills. Results: Mean first prescription volume has not changed dramatically from 2010 (37 oxycodone 5-mg pills) to 2019 (33.3 oxycodone 5-mg pills). However, cumulative prescriptions within the 90-day perioperative timeframe have decreased considerably from 2010 (128.5 oxycodone 5-mg pills) to 2019 (70.4 oxycodone 5-mg pills, p<0.001), and cumulative prescription filling in years 2018 and 2019 was significantly less than in 2010. Legislation targeting duration or duration and volume had the largest impacts on initial and cumulative opioid prescribing (approximately 14-22 fewer oxycodone 5-mg pills filled in states with legislation compared to states without legislation, p<0.001). The figure shows state-level pre-act and post-act cumulative 90-day opioid prescribing in ankle fracture surgery. Conclusion: In ankle fracture surgery, cumulative opioid prescribing has decreased dramatically over time. In addition, states with opioid prescribing legislation had larger reductions in perioperative opioid prescribing compared to states without opioid legislation. Legislation targeting duration or duration and volume had the largest impacts on opioid prescribing.
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5

Regueras, PhD, MBA, Esperanza, and José López Guzmán, PhD. "Quantification of opioid dependence and abuse prevalence in the United States between 2017 and 2018." Journal of Opioid Management 18, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2022.0712.

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Objectives: To quantify the prevalence of opioid drug dependence and abuse in United States between 2017 and 2018 and identify which opioid molecules are associated with a higher level of dependence and abuse.Design: National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data for 2017 and 2018 have been extracted. The variables related to painkillers were studied, the most important ones were selected, and several variable crosses were made. After the data were extracted, they were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and PivotTables, calculating the relative prevalence and percentages of patients with abuse and dependence.Results: In total, 1.4 million people had dependence on pain relievers (PRs) in 2018. The last PR used was mostly hydrocodone (33 percent) and oxycodone (24 percent). The main reasons for using a PR without a doctor's prescription were relieving pain (48 percent), feel good (16 percent), and relax or relieve tension (15 percent). Among patients who used a PR with a medical prescription, 1.5 million used it more frequently than prescribed, 1.2 million used it longer than prescribed, and 1.9 million used it in higher amounts than prescribed.Conclusions: Abuse and dependence to PRs is lower than expected with over 1.4 million people in the United States having dependence in 2018 (0.6 percent point prevalence). Most cases of dependence are associated with misuse or abuse of prescriptions without medical supervision or the use of medications without a prescription of their own. Oxycodone and hydrocodone are the molecules most associated with dependence, misuse, abuse, and use without prescription. The age of onset of oxycodone misuse is very early (14 years old). Fentanyl does not seem relevant in any of the variables studied.
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6

Hernández-Vásquez, Akram, Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz, Deysi Díaz-Seijas, Luisa Magallanes-Quevedo, and Diego Rosselli. "Purchase of medications without prescription in Peru: a cross-sectional population-based study." F1000Research 7 (September 3, 2018): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15886.1.

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Background: Low availability of medicines in health services, self-medication, inadequate use of medicines, and inadequate dispensing practices in pharmacies are frequent problems in Peru. We aimed to evaluate how frequent the purchase of medications without medical prescription is in Peru, and which factors are associated with this practice. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2016 ENSUSALUD national survey data. Purchase of medicines that require a prescription was measured as a dichotomous coded as bought one or more medicines that requires medical prescription or bought medicines that do not require a prescription. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Poisson regressions model with robust variance to assess the association of purchasing of medicines that require prescriptions with sociodemographic factors. Results: There were 3858 participants in the dataset. The prevalence of purchasing medications without prescriptions was 47.2%. History of having previously consumed the same medication (31.6%), and the delay in receiving an appointment at health facilities (26.9%) were the main reasons to buy medications without a prescription. Regarding the recommendation of the medication purchased, the advice of the pharmacy, and remembering a previous old prescription, were the most frequent reasons (38.3%, and 25.9%, respectively). On the multivariable analysis, users that buy medications without prescription were more likely to be of aged 24-45; reside in the Amazon and Highlands regions; and self-consumption of the purchase. Individuals with Seguro Integral de Salud (Comprehensive Health Insurance) were less likely to buy medications without prescription. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of prescription requiring medication being bought without one from pharmacies in Peru. It is necessary to include the evaluation of consumer patterns to develop strategies with the aim to regulate the consumption of prescription drugs in the Peruvian population.
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7

Hernández-Vásquez, Akram, Christoper A. Alarcon-Ruiz, Deysi Díaz-Seijas, Luisa Magallanes-Quevedo, and Diego Rosselli. "Purchase of medications without prescription in Peru: a cross-sectional population-based study." F1000Research 7 (February 22, 2019): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15886.2.

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Background: Low availability of medicines in health services, self-medication, inadequate use of medicines, and inadequate dispensing practices in pharmacies are frequent problems in Peru. We aimed to evaluate how frequent the purchase of medications without medical prescription is in Peru, and which factors are associated with this practice. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2016 ENSUSALUD national survey data. Purchase of one or more medicines that require a prescription was measured as a dichotomous variable. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Poisson regressions model with robust variance to assess the association of purchasing of medicines that require prescriptions with sociodemographic factors. Results: There were 3858 participants in the dataset. The prevalence of purchasing medications without prescriptions was 47.2%. History of having previously consumed the same medication (31.6%), and the delay in receiving an appointment at health facilities (26.9%) were the main reasons to buy medications without a prescription. Regarding the recommendation of the medication purchased, the advice of the pharmacy, and remembering a previous old prescription, were the most frequent reasons (38.3%, and 25.9%, respectively). On the multivariable analysis, users that buy medications without prescription were more likely to be of aged 25-44; reside in the Jungle and Highlands regions; and self-consumption of the purchase. Individuals with Seguro Integral de Salud (Comprehensive Health Insurance) were less likely to buy medications without prescription. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of prescription requiring medication being bought without one from pharmacies in Peru. It is necessary to include the evaluation of consumer patterns to develop strategies with the aim to regulate the consumption of prescription drugs in the Peruvian population.
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8

Pratama, Septa. "Studi Pembelian Antibiotik Tanpa Resep di Apotek Kita, Kota Jambi." Informasi dan Promosi Kesehatan 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.58439/ipk.v1i1.20.

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Background: Antibiotics are prescription drugs that must be obtained from a doctor. However, because it is now available without a doctor's prescription, the potential for resistance is even greater. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of antibiotic purchases at Our Pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study to see how to buy antibiotics at our pharmacies without a doctor's prescription. The population of this study included all customers who came to our pharmacy to buy drugs, and the sample included customers who purchased antibiotics without a prescription. The samples were collected using the incidental sampling technique. The results: showed that the sex who purchased the most antibiotics was male (61.05%). The majority of the age group is over 40 years old (52.13%). According to the reasons for purchasing antibiotics, the majority of patients (18.75%) purchased antibiotics because they had coughs and colds, while amoxycillin was the most commonly purchased antibiotic (43.75%). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that free antibiotic purchases continue to occur in our pharmacies, with the majority of patients being male. Those over the age of 40 make up the majority of the age group. Antibiotics are typically purchased without a doctor's prescription due to complaints of cough and cold with the main antibiotic, amoxycillin.
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9

Leung, Noelle, Zachary D. Stanley, Emily Slade, Feitong Lei, John M. O'Brien, and Douglas R. Oyler. "Use-Based Opioid Prescribing Protocol Reduces Opioid Prescriptions After Cesarean Section [ID 2683514]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 143, no. 5S (May 2024): 56S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0001013720.15595.6d.

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INTRODUCTION: Up to 75% of post-cesarean patients report having up to 50% of their discharge opioid prescription left over. We assessed an institutional standardized post-cesarean section pain management and opioid prescribing protocol implemented to decrease unused opioids entering the community while still adequately managing pain. METHODS: This was an IRB-approved single-center retrospective comparative cohort study in patients aged 18 years or older, who underwent cesarean section before or after implementation of standardized pain management and opioid prescribing protocol. The intervention group received scheduled acetaminophen and NSAIDs with oxycodone 5 to 10 mg as needed postoperatively. Opioid consumption during the 24 hours prior to discharge was used with set ranges determine the quantity of opioid to prescribe for discharge. Outcomes included opioid prescription receipt, quantity of opioid prescribed, and supplementary opioid prescription within 30 days of discharge. RESULTS: Four hundred thirty-three patients were included, with 255 in the intervention group and 208 in the control group. The intervention group used less oxycodone postoperatively (75.1%, 17.8%, and 7.1% of patients using 45 mg, respectively, versus 52.4%, 30.3%, and 17.3%; P<.001), received fewer opioid prescriptions (79.1% versus 89.4%; P=.041), and fewer oxycodone tablets if prescribed (median [interquartile range]: 15 [5–20] versus 30 [20–30]; P<.001). There was no significant difference in number of supplemental post-discharge opioid prescriptions received. CONCLUSION: A standardized post-cesarean section pain management and opioid prescribing protocol significantly reduced the number of both opioid prescriptions written and number of tablets prescribed without increasing patients seeking opioid refills in the 30 days following discharge.
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10

Kim, Sharon, Amanda King, Pavan Parikh, Ajleeta Sangtani, Sherif Shazly, Ellen Brodrick, and Angela Thompson. "Optimizing Post-Cesarean Opioid Prescription Practices at Mayo Clinic: A Quality Improvement Initiative." American Journal of Perinatology 39, no. 04 (November 28, 2021): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739491.

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Objective Optimal prescriptions practices of opioids in the post-cesarean period remain controversial. The primary aim of this initiative was to minimize unused prescription narcotic medication, with a goal of ≤4 leftover pills of 5-mg oxycodone at postoperative day (POD) 14 without affecting pain or satisfaction measures. Study Design This was a prospective longitudinal quality improvement (QI) initiative starting in 2017 utilizing the DMAIC methodology. The measurement phase consisted of validated surveys over 3 months, along with chart review to determine current institutional prescription practices and predictors of outpatient opioid use. Resulting recommendations were adopted, and 1 year later, all patients undergoing cesarean were surveyed for 3 months to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. The study was approved by the Department's QI Committee. Results The response rate was 48%, with 50 of 101 patients completing surveys pre-intervention and 52 of 111 post-intervention. Pre-intervention, surplus medication was predicted (p <0.05) only by the quantity of the opioid prescription. In addition, patients who required ≤37.5 morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) during the inpatient postoperative stay did not require outpatient narcotic prescriptions. Thereafter, a strategy of matching inpatient use to outpatient prescription 1:1 in a linear regression model (p <0.001, R 2 0.55) optimally matched patient needs up to 200 MME. In the post-intervention survey, mean (SD) prescription decreased from 17.6 (13.7) MME to 8.4 (8.3) MME (p <0.01); 39% compared with 16% of women were discharged without a prescription (p <0.01); and amongst all patients 82.7% compared with 59.6% (p <0.01) had ≤4 pills remaining without differences in patient satisfaction or pain perception. Conclusion This initiative highlights a practical approach to QI utilizing industry techniques in health care. This approach resulted in significant reductions in over-prescription and unused medication, without impacting pain or satisfaction scores. Key Points
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H, Johnson James. How to buy almost any drug legally without a prescription. New York: Avon Books, 1990.

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Gevirtz, Clifford M., Elizabeth Frost, and Alan D. Kaye. "Ultra-Rapid Opiate Detoxification." In Anesthesia Outside of the Operating Room, 309–15. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195396676.003.0032.

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When used appropriately under medical supervision, hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin), morphine, and similar prescription pain relievers provide indispensable medical benefit by reducing pain and suffering, but when taken without appropriate direction and oversight, these medications can cause serious adverse consequences and produce dependence and abuse. Approximately 324,000 emergency department visits in 2006 involved the nonmedical use of pain relievers (including both prescription and over-the-counter pain medications). This chapter discusses how, when individuals wish to detoxify from opiate dependence, there are several options available, including both conventional and newer, more rapid approaches.
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