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1

Pendleton, Michael, and Peter Warnock. "Scanning Electron Microscope Aided Wood Identification of a Bronze Age Wooden Diptych." IAWA Journal 11, no. 3 (1990): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001182.

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A broken wooden diptych was found in 1986 on the 14th century B.C. Ulu Burun, Turkey, shipwreck, with only minute fragments available for anatomical study using scanning electron microscopy. Previously, the earliest known diptychs, considered the oldest books in existence, had been found at Assyrian Nimrud and were constructed of walnut. Using observed features from the wood fragments a computerised wood identification program generated Buxus as a probable candidate. Boxwood (Buxus) is frequently mentioned in historical references, including Assyrian texts, as a wood used for small, durable objects. Comparison of the diptych wood features with those of Buxus sempervirens convinces us that the diptych was constructed from boxwood (Buxus sp.).
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2

LAZ, Bulent, Tolga OK, and Ferit KOCAÇINAR. "İSTILACI ŞIMŞIR GÜVESI (CYDALIMA PERSPECTALIS (WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE, SPILOMELINAE)’NIN TÜRKIYE’NIN DOĞU AKDENIZ BÖLGESINDE UZUN YAPRAKLI ŞIMŞIR (BUXUS BALEARICA) TÜRÜ ÜZERINDEKI ZARARINA İLIŞKIN İLK TESPITLER." ArtGRID - Journal of Architecture Engineering and Fine Arts 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.57165/artgrid.1178575.

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Doğu Asya kökenli istilacı şimşir güvesi (Cydalima perspectalis) (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Spilomelinae) Türkiye’de ki varlığı ilk kez 2011 yılında tespit edilmiş olup hızla yayılmaya başlamıştır. 5 yıl içerisinde tüm Karadeniz Bölgesindeki doğal şimşir alanlarına, park ve bahçelerdeki şimşirlere arız olmuştur. Son olarak Cydalima perspectalis türünün Hatay ili, Dörtyol ilçesinde Buxus sempervirens L. türünde zararı tespit edilmiştir. Mayıs ve Kasım 2021 tarihleri arasında uzun yapraklı şimşir (Buxus balearica Lam.) üzerinde Adana-Kozan ilçesindeki doğal yayılış sahalarında ve iki farklı noktada Cydalima perspectalis arızı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu araştırma ile Türkiye’de doğal yayılış gösteren şimşirlerden Buxus sempervirens türünde görülen şimşir güvesi ilk kez Buxus balearica türünde de tespit edilmiştir.
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3

Gárate -Lizárraga, I. "DISTRIBUTION OF Amylax triacantha AND A. triacantha var. buxus nov. comb. (DINOPHYCEAE) ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST OF MEXICO." CICIMAR Oceánides 29, no. 1 (June 2, 2014): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v29i1.132.

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Distribución de Amylax triacantha y A. triacantha var. buxus nov. comb. (Dinophyceae) a lo largo de la costa Pacífico de México El género Amylax está conformado por dos especies, A. triacantha y A. buxus, las cuales se encuentran principalmente distribuidas en aguas frías y templadas del hemisferio norte. En este estudio se presenta la distribución de ambos taxones a lo largo del Pacífico mexicano y se propone una nueva combinación para A. buxus, i.e., A. triacantha var. buxus. Se utilizaron muestras de fitoplancton de botella y red obtenidas en diferentes áreas de la costa del Pacífico mexicano durante el periodo 2006-2013. Se registró A. triacantha por primera vez en Bahía de Los Ángeles, Bahía San Lucas, Loreto, Bahía de Acapulco y Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. En tanto que A. triacantha var. buxus se presenta por primera ocasión en Cuenca Alfonso, Bahía de Los Ángeles, Bahía San Lucas y Salina Cruz. Ambos taxones se presentaron en un intervalo de temperatura de 21 a 25 °C. De acuerdo con estos resultados, se concluye que estos taxones también están presentes en aguas tropicales y subtropicales.
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4

Khodzhaev, B. U., I. M. Primukhamedov, A. Dzhabbarov, and S. Yu Yunusov. "Alkaloids of Buxus sempervirens." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 23, no. 6 (November 1987): 774–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00596675.

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5

Dzhakeli, É. Z., E. N. Zhukovich, and V. Yu Vachnadze. "Alkaloids of Buxus colchica." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 26, no. 6 (November 1990): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00630097.

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6

Atta-ur-Rahman, Samina Naz, Farhana Noor-e-ain, Rahat Azhar Ali, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Bilge Sener, and Songul Turkoz. "Alkaloids from Buxus species." Phytochemistry 31, no. 8 (August 1992): 2933–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83673-m.

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7

SARI, Ömer, Fisun Gürsel ÇELİKEL, and Halil YAŞAR. "Türkiye'nin Tehdit Altındaki Doğal Şimşirlerinin (Buxus sempervirens L. ve Buxus balearica Lam.) Mevcut Durumu ve Kalan Son Lokasyonlar." Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2022): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24180/ijaws.1073061.

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Türkiye'nin doğal şimşir türlerinin özellikle şimşir güvesi (Cydalima perspectalis) tehdidi altındaki mevcut durumu ve son lokasyonları ilk kez ülke genelinde detaylı olarak araştırılmıştır. Çalışmalar kapsamında bölge ve illerdeki mevcut şimşir mevcudiyetinin son durumunun tespiti için detaylı arazi ve etüt çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışma 26 (şimşir mevcudiyetinin kesin olarak bilindiği 23 il ve var olduğu düşünülen 3 ilde) ilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Şimşir mevcudiyeti bilgisi alınan 23 il, 59 ilçe ve 195 lokasyonda yapılan saha çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre, şimşirin 15 il ve 23 ilçede 29 lokasyonda kaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlarla Türkiye'nin şimşir mevcudiyetinin %85 oranında azaldığı ve sadece %15'inin kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Şimşir güvesinin etkisinin devam etmesi nedeniyle kalan yerlerde ciddi tehdit altındadır. Şimşirler konusundaki bu ilk öncü araştırma çalışmasında, Türkiye'nin tehdit altındaki doğal şimşir türlerinin kalan son lokasyonları ve mevcut durumu tespit edilmiş ve açıklanmıştır. Türkiye'de şimşir genetik kaynaklarının korunması için acil çalışmalar yapılmasını öneriyoruz.
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8

Shishkoff, Nina, Margery Daughtrey, Scott Aker, and Richard T. Olsen. "Evaluating Boxwood Susceptibility to Calonectria pseudonaviculata Using Cuttings from the National Boxwood Collection." Plant Health Progress 16, no. 1 (January 2015): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-14-0033.

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Accessions in the National Boxwood Collection of the U.S. National Arboretum were inoculated with Calonectria pseudonaviculata in order to determine susceptibility to boxwood blight as part of longer-term evaluations of whole plants. Terminal unrooted cuttings were inoculated with C. pseudonaviculata and symptoms rated. Cuttings showed a wide range in susceptibility. There were significant differences in percent diseased leaves and percent defoliation among the 42 species and cultivars. Cuttings of some Buxus sempervirens cultivars were among those with the highest percent diseased leaves, with eight cultivars showing as much disease as B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’: ‘Scupi’, ‘Pendula’, ‘Rotundifolia’, ‘Denmark’, ‘Handsworthiensis’, ‘Northland’, ‘Arborescens’, and ‘Northern New York’. All others showed significantly less disease, as measured by percent diseased leaves. A number of accessions were contrasted to the less susceptible B. sinica var. insularis ‘Pincushion’ and showed a similarly low level of disease: Buxus ‘Green Ice’, B. sempervirens ‘Decussata’, B. sinica var. insularis ‘Wintergreen’, Buxus, sp. (57950*H), Buxus ‘Green Mound’, B. sinica var. insularis ‘Winter Beauty’, and B. microphylla var. japonica ‘Winter Gem’. A diverse array of germplasm is available in the genus Buxus, and identifying acceptable levels of disease tolerance in cultivars that represent this diversity will contribute to its continued use in ornamental landscapes. Accepted 25 December 2014. Published 26 January 2015.
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9

Liu, Shi Ping, Yu Ting Bi, Wei Tian, and Yan Hong Xue. "Comparative Physiological Responses of Two Buxus Species on Flooding Stress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2314.

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Buxus ichangensis is a rare shrub specifically distributed along the banks of the Yangtze River in Three Goreges Reservoir area. In order to bring a basis for population reconstruction and ex situ conservation, we surveyed the flood-tolerance capacity of B. ichangensis together with its close species, Buxus microphylla. The results showed that B. ichangensis plants were more tolerant to waterlogging stress. Through further investigation of the physiological responses of 2 Buxus species, we supposed a possible mechanism for flooding adaption that physiological factors, especially photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and root livingness, were highly correlated with flooding-tolerance.
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10

d'Eustachio, Gabriel, and Michael Raupp. "Resistance of Boxwood Varieties to the Boxwood Leafminer, Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank)." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-19.3.153.

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Abstract A survey of nine cultivars of Buxus at the United States National Arboretum revealed significant differences in levels of infestation by the boxwood leafminer, Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank). An analysis of larval survival confirmed high levels of susceptibility in Buxus sempervirens ‘Myrtifolia’ and Buxus microphylla ‘National’ while B. sempervirens ‘Handsworthiensis’ and B. sempervirens ‘Vardar Valley’ exhibited high levels of resistance. Other varieties exhibited intermediate levels of resistance. Field surveys and laboratorystudies indicated that female flies deposited eggs in all cultivars even highly resistant ones. This lack of preference suggests that the mechanism of resistance is antibiosis or phenological asynchrony rather than antixenosis.
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11

Atta-Ur-Rahman, Habib Nasir, Zahida Iqbal, Muhammed Iqbal Choudhary, and Muzaffar Alam. "Triterpenoid constituents of buxus papillosa." Phytochemistry 28, no. 10 (January 1989): 2848–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)98104-4.

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12

Van Laere, Katrijn, Didier Hermans, Leen Leus, and Johan Van Huylenbroeck. "Interspecific hybridisation within Buxus spp." Scientia Horticulturae 185 (March 2015): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.01.030.

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13

Guo, H., and X. H. Cai. "Triterpenoid alkaloids from Buxus rugulosa." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 44, no. 2 (March 2008): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-008-9015-1.

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14

Choudhary, M. Iqbal, Atta-ur-Rahman, Alan J. Freyer, and Maurice Shamma. "New Alkaloids from Buxus papilosa." Journal of Natural Products 50, no. 1 (January 1987): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50049a012.

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15

Atta-ur-Rahman, Erfan Asif, Dildar Ahmed, Bilge Sener, and Songul Turkoz. "New Alkaloids from Buxus sempervirens." Journal of Natural Products 52, no. 6 (November 1989): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50066a023.

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16

Atta-ur-Rahman, Zahida Iqbal, Rubina Zaidi, and M. Iqbal Choudhary. "Steroidal Alkaloids from Buxus papillosa." Journal of Natural Products 53, no. 2 (March 1990): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50068a008.

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17

Atta-ur-Rahman, Dildar Ahmed, Erfan Asif, Sultan Ahmad, Bilge Sener, and Songul Turkoz. "Chemical Constituents of Buxus sempervirens." Journal of Natural Products 54, no. 1 (January 1991): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50073a003.

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18

Ata, Athar, Samina Naz, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Bilge Sener, and Songul Turkoz. "NewTriterpenoidal Alkaloids from Buxus sempervirens." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2002): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-1-204.

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Phytochemical studies on the ethanolic extract of the roots of Buxus sempervirens of Turkish origin have resulted in the isolation of two new triterpenoidal alkaloids, (+)-16α, 31- diacetylbuxadine (1), (-)-Nb-demethylcyclomikuranine (2) along with three known natural products, (-)-cyclomikuranine (3), (-)-cyclobuxophylline-K (4) and (+)-buxaquamarine (5) isolated for the first time from this species of genus Buxus. The structures of these new natural products were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies. Compound 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and weak phytotoxic activity against Lemna minor Linn.
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19

Atta-ur-Rahman, Dildar Ahmed, Bilge Sener, and Songul Turkoz. "Steroidal alkaloids from Buxus sempervirens." Phytochemistry 28, no. 4 (January 1989): 1293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(89)80241-9.

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20

Yan, Yu-Xin, Jian-Chao Chen, Yun Sun, Yuan-Yuan Wang, Jia Su, Yan Li, and Ming-Hua Qiu. "Triterpenoid Alkaloids from Buxus microphylla." Chemistry & Biodiversity 7, no. 7 (July 15, 2010): 1822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200900259.

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21

Yoder, Keith S., Robert A. Dunn, J. Bennett Saunders, Ted R. Mays, Michael D. Yanny, Chuanxue Hong, and Holly L. Scoggins. "Field Performance of Buxus Cultivars and Selections Against Boxwood Leafminer and Boxwood Blight." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.4.129.

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Abstract Boxwood (Buxus L. spp. Buxaceae) are popular landscape plants in the United States, with traditionally low maintenance requirements, glossy evergreen foliage, and deer resistance. Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa' (English boxwood) and B. sempervirens (American boxwood) were the most popular Buxus taxa planted for hundreds of years. But in the 1970s and 1980s, ‘Suffruticosa' lost popularity due to boxwood decline, and many commercial nurseries began to search for new cultivars. However, many of the popular new varieties, such as ‘Justin Brouwers', ‘Green Beauty', ‘Green Mountain', and ‘Green Velvet' were very susceptible to boxwood leafminer (Monarthropalpus flavus Schrank). In 2011 boxwood blight, caused by the fungus Calonectria pseudonaviculata, was identified in the eastern United States and Oregon. Based on early reports that both leafminer and blight were variety-specific, Saunders Brothers Inc., a wholesale nursery in Virginia specializing in boxwood, began field trials to search for cultivars with natural resistance to boxwood leafminer and boxwood blight. Reported here are field evaluations of 146 cultivars in leafminer trials and 75 cultivars and selections in blight trials. In these trials, cultivars ‘Peergold', ‘Cole's Dwarf', ‘SB 108’, ‘SB 300’, and ‘Wee Willie' and selections SB17 and 9-00-174 had low susceptibility (resistance) to both blight and leafminer. Species used in this study: Buxus harlandii Hance; B. microphylla Seibold & Zucc.; B. microphylla var. japonica D. Anberg; B. sempervirens L.; B. sinica var. insularis (Nakai) M. Cheng; Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Crous, J.Z. Groenew. & C.F. Hill); L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, 2010; Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank). Buxus nomenclature according to Batdorf, 2021.
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22

Yoshizawa, Nobuo, Naomi Watanabe, Sbinso Yokota, and Tosbinaga Idei. "Distribution of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Lignins in Normal and Compression Wood of Buxus Microphylla Var. Insularis Nakai." IAWA Journal 14, no. 2 (1993): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001307.

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The distribution of guaiacyl and syringyl lignins in the secondary xylem tissues of normal and compression wood of Buxus microphylla var. insularis Nakai was examined by visible light (VL) microspectrophotometry coupled with the Mäule and Wiesner colour reactions and by UV -microspectrophotometry, and compared with normal wood of Betula ermani Cham. Buxus formed compression wood on the lower side of the leaning sterns, and the secondary walls of the vessels and fibre-tracheids showed excessive lignification, resembling the S2 (L) layer of compression wood tracheids in gymnosperms.In normal wood of both species, the Mäule colour reaction indicated that in Betula the secondary walls of fibres contain larger amounts of syringyl units in the lignins than other tissues, and that in Buxus the secondary walls of fibre-tracheids contain both syringyl and guaiacyl units. The vessel walls of both speeies contained higher amounts of guaiacyl units. Heterogeneity of the syringyl-Jignin distribution was found in the secondary walls of Buxus fibre-tracheids.In compression wood of Buxus, on the other hand, the spectra of the secondary walls of the vessels and fibretracheids after the Mäule reaction showed low absorbances compared with the normal wood, whereas, after the Wiesner reaction, their secondary walls gave high absorbances. In addition, the UV -absorption maximum of the secondary fibre walls shifted from 274 nm to 279 nrn, and the UV -absorbances of the vessei and fibre-tracheid walls greatly increased in compression wood. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that in normal Buxus wood the secondary walls of the vessels and fibre-tracheids contain both guaiacyl and syringyl units, though the syringyl unit is a rninor constituent in the vessel walls, and that both cell types increase their contents of guaiacyl units, especially in the outer parts of the secondary walls during their changes from normal wood to compression wood. The present study also suggested that the Wiesner reaction may be used for examining the content of lignin and the proportion of guaiacyl to syringyl units in lignins.
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23

Hrnčić, Snježana, and Sanja Radonjić. "Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Presence and Distribution in Montenegro." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 18, no. 4 (February 22, 2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1704275h.

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Box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis was detected for the first time in June 2014 when severe devastation of Buxus sp. was noticed in urban area of the city of Herceg Novi. In the next several months, the pest rapidly spread along the Montenegro seacoast. The tendency of spreading was continued in the following years. Severely infested box trees were completely dried out, while on those that still were partially green, leaves were markedly chewed and webbed by silk together with twigs. Damages are usually noticed late because young larvae are deeply hidden among Buxus twigs and leaves. Mature larvae can completely defoliate Buxus bushes and plants can lose all the leaves within a short period. Morphological features of development stages of the pest were observed in laboratory. Since box trees are traditionally important horticultural plants in Montenegro, this pest could be a serious problem for landscaping and nursery production.
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24

Bellardi, M. G., L. Sghedoni, and A. Bertaccini. "TOBACCO STREAK VIRUS INFECTING BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 722 (October 2006): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2006.722.28.

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25

Meshkatalsadat, Mohammad H., Abass Mollataghi, and Athar Ata. "New Triterpenoidal Alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 61, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2006-0215.

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AbstractPhytochemical studies on the methanolic extract of the leaves of Buxus hyrcana pojark, collected in Iran, have resulted in the isolation of two new triterpenoidal alkaloids, (+)-2α,16β ,31- triacetylbuxiran (1), (+)-2α,16β ,31-triacetyl-9-11-dihydrobuxiran (2). Spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structures of these new natural products.
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26

Den Outer, R. W. "WOOD ANATOMY OF BUXUS MADAGASCARICA BAILL." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 34, no. 1 (February 1985): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1985.tb01858.x.

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27

Choudhary, M. Iqbal, Atta-ur-Rahman, and Maurice Shamma. "Four steroidal alkaloids from Buxus papilosa." Phytochemistry 27, no. 1 (1988): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80629-0.

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28

Yan, Yu-Xin, Lin Zhou, Yun Sun, Jian-Chao Chen, Jia Su, Yan Li, and Ming-Hua Qiu. "Triterpenoid alkaloid derivatives from Buxus rugulosa." Natural Products and Bioprospecting 1, no. 2 (September 21, 2011): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13659-011-0010-z.

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29

Atta-ur-Rahman, Zahida Iqbal, Muzaffar Alam, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Habib Nasir, and Talat Fatima. "A steroidal alkaloid from Buxus papillosa." Phytochemistry 29, no. 2 (January 1990): 683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85150-e.

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30

Atta-ur-Rahman, Muzaffar Alam, Habib Nasir, Ermias Dagne, and Abiy Yenesew. "Three steroidal alkaloids from Buxus hildebrandtii." Phytochemistry 29, no. 4 (January 1990): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85445-l.

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31

Atta-ur-Rahman, Farhana Noor-e-Ain, Rahat Azhar Ali, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Azra Pervin, Songul Turkoz, and Bilge Sener. "Two steroidal alkaloids from Buxus longifolia." Phytochemistry 32, no. 4 (March 1993): 1059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85256-q.

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32

Shishkoff, Nina, Megan E. Miller, and Marc A. Cubeta. "Rooting Response of Boxwood Cultivars to Hot Water Treatment and Thermal Sensitivity ofCalonectria henricotiaeandC. pseudonaviculatain Diseased Boxwood (Buxusspp.)1." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-39.1.1.

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AbstractBoxwood blight is caused by Calonectria henricotiae (Che) and C. pseudonaviculata (Cps). Unrecognized symptoms on Buxus cuttings used for propagation could potentially serve as a source of inoculum and result in pathogen spread. In this study, cuttings of boxwood (Buxus spp.) cultivars ‘Justin Brouwers', ‘Nana', ‘Green Beauty', and ‘Green Velvet' were assessed for root production after exposure to 45 C (113 F) or 47.5 C (118 F) water for 0 to 60 minutes in 5 minute increments. The number of roots greater than 1 cm (0.4 in) in length produced by cuttings of all cultivars three months after treatment in 45 C water for up to 60 minutes was not statistically different from the non-immersed control. A similar response was observed for cuttings of all cultivars treated in 47.5 C water for up to 60 minutes, except for cv. ‘Nana,' which produced fewer roots than the non-immersed control after 35 minutes of exposure to heated water. Experiments conducted on diseased, detached boxwood leaves of susceptible cultivar ‘Justin Brouwers' at 47.5 C, 50 C (122 F) or 52.5 C (127 F) showed significantly reduced production of conidia and viability of Che and Cps after 25 to 30 minute exposure to 47.5 C water (44%) or 12 minute exposure to 50 C water (22%). After 8 minutes of exposure to 52.5 C water, little or no sporulation was observed for either pathogen.Index words: Boxwood blight, Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Calonectria henricotiae, Buxus, hot water treatment, rooting, cuttings, plant propagation.Species used in this study: Boxwood blight [Calonectria henricotiae Gehesquière, Heungens and J.A. Crouch and C. pseudonaviculata (Crous J.Z. Groenewald & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf & Crous] Boxwood [Buxus sempervirens L. ‘Justin Brouwers'; Buxus sinica (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) M. Cheng var. insularis (Nakai) M. Cheng ‘Nana'; B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa'×B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Beauty', and B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa' × B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Velvet'].
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33

Karimi, Ehsan, Pooyan Mehrabanjoubani, Ali Es-Haghi, and Jamshidkhan Chamani. "Phenolic Compounds of Endemic Buxus Plants in Caspian Hyrcanian Forest (Buxus Hyrcana Pojark) and Their Biological Activities." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 53, no. 8 (November 2019): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-019-02072-2.

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34

Henricot, B., C. Gorton, G. Denton, and J. Denton. "Studies on the Control of Cylindrocladium buxicola Using Fungicides and Host Resistance." Plant Disease 92, no. 9 (September 2008): 1273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-9-1273.

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Cylindrocladium buxicola is a fungal pathogen that causes a severe leaf and twig blight on Buxus spp. Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the in vitro effect of 13 fungicides on mycelial growth and conidia germination of the fungus. Based on the values of the effective concentration at which mycelial growth was inhibited by 50%, the fungicide Stroby (kresoxim-methyl) and the combined fungicides Opponent (epoxiconazole + kresoxim-methyl + pyraclostrobin), Opera (epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin), and Signum (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) were the most effective at inhibiting mycelial growth and conidia germination. Pathogenicity assays showed that the host range of the fungus was not limited to the genus Buxus because Sarcococca sp. also was susceptible. None of the 10 boxwood species and cultivars tested were immune to the disease, although Buxus balearica as well as Sarcococca sp. showed significantly lower levels of infection as measured by the expression of leaf symptoms and the number of conidia produced on host tissue, the latter probably contributing to the apparent resistance of these species in the field. Microscopic observation showed that disease development was very rapid and aggressive on B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’ where it was able to survive at least 5 years on decomposing fallen leaves.
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35

Nisa, Mehrun, and Talat Zamir. "Notizen: The Isolation and Structure of “Papilinine” a New Alkaloid from Buxus papilosa." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-0424.

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36

Atta-ur-Rahman, _., Shehnaz Parveen, Asaad Khalid, Afgan Farooq, S. A. Majid Ayatollahi, and M. Iqbal Choudhary. "Acetylcholinesterase Inhibiting Triterpenoidal Alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana." HETEROCYCLES 49, no. 1 (1998): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-98-s55.

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37

Subramanian, P., P. Sudhakar, PPadma Rao, TSheshashena Reddy, and PRamachandra Reddy. "Standardization of homoeopathic drug: Buxus sempervirens L." Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy 7, no. 2 (2013): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-7168.116618.

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38

Wang, Rui, Muhammad Ishaq, Hao-zhen Zhang, Guo-li Tu, Huajun Yu, Shi-kai Yan, Xue Xiao, Xian-peng Ma, and Hui-zi Jin. "Chemical Constituents of Buxus sinica var. parvifolia." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 58, no. 1 (January 2022): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-022-03609-w.

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39

Yan, Yu-Xin, Yun Sun, Zhong-Rong Li, Lin Zhou, and Ming-Hua Qiu. "Chemistry and Biological Activities of Buxus Alkaloids." Current Bioactive Compounds 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340711795163811.

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40

Yan, Y. X., Y. Sun, J. C. Chen, J. Su, Y. Li, and M. H. Qiu. "A New Triterpenoid Alkaloid from Buxus sempervirens." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 66 (2011): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2011.66b1076.

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41

Wang, Min, Guo-Bo Xu, Jun Liu, Yue-Hao Zhang, Jun-Hong Liu, Jing Li, Meng Zhou, Yao-Hua Xiao, Xun He, and Shang-Gao Liao. "Buxusoside, a Flavonoid Disaccharide from Buxus sinica." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 4 (April 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200416.

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A new flavonoid diglycoside named buxusoside (1), together with its aglycone chrysosplenol-D (2), as well as 4’, 5-dihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (3) and 3’,4’,5-trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (4), were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of the air-dried plant of Buxus sinica. Its structure was elucidated mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectra.
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42

Kim, Yun Shik, and Joo Hwan Kim. "A taxonomic study of Buxus in Korea." Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 18, no. 3 (September 30, 1988): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.1988.18.3.211.

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43

Baillères, Henri, Marielle Castan, Bernard Monties, Brigitte Pollet, and Catherine Lapierre. "Lignin structure in Buxus sempervirens reaction wood." Phytochemistry 44, no. 1 (January 1997): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00499-2.

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44

Atta-ur-Rahman, M. "Cyclobuxoviricine, a steroidal alkaloid from Buxus papilosa." Phytochemistry 23, no. 12 (November 26, 1985): 3082–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)80649-4.

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45

Babar, Zaheer Uddin, Athar Ata, and Mohammad Hadi Meshkatalsadat. "New bioactive steroidal alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana." Steroids 71, no. 13-14 (December 2006): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2006.09.002.

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46

Lam, Cheuk W., Andrew Wakeman, Abin James, Athar Ata, Robert M. Gengan, and Samir A. Ross. "Bioactive steroidal alkaloids from Buxus macowanii Oliv." Steroids 95 (March 2015): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.002.

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47

Atta-ur-Rahman, Dildar Ahmed, Asif S. Erfan, Arshad Jamal, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Bilge Sener, and Songul Turkoz. "Steroidal alkaloids from leaves of Buxus sempervirens." Phytochemistry 30, no. 4 (January 1991): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)95219-1.

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48

Yan, Yu-Xin, Yun Sun, Jian-Chao Chen, Jia Su, Yan Li, and Ming-Hua Qiu. "A New Triterpenoid Alkaloid from Buxus sempervirens." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 66, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 1076–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2011-1013.

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A new triterpenoid alkaloid, 16-deacetoxy-hyrcamine (1), together with six analogs, was isolated from the leaves and stems of Buxus sempervirens. Their structures were elucidated based on spectral methods and by comparison of the spectral data with those reported previously. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their growth inhibitory activity against human cell lines HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549,MCF-7, and SW480. Compounds 1 - 4 and 6 showed modest cytotoxic activity against A-549, MCF-7, and SW480.
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49

Musselwhite, Sheri, Roger Harris, and Robert Wright. "Fertilizer Requirements for Container-grown Buxus spp." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-22.1.50.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional requirements for container-grown boxwood and to determine if summer dormancy of boxwood can be removed via nutrition. Buxus sempervirens L. ‘Suffruticosa’, B. sempervirens L. ‘Vardar Valley’, and B. sinica var. insularis Nakai ‘Justin Brouwers’ were used for these studies. Various levels of Osmocote 15N–3.9P–9.8K (15N–9P2O5–12K2O) and a 10N–1.7P–4.9K (10–4–6) liquid fertilizer were applied to boxwood in a pine-bark substrate. Maximum shoot dry weight (OSDW) was achieved at 12 to 16 g (.42 to.56 oz) Osmocote per 3 liter (#1) container and 100 to125 ppm N from the liquid fertilizer. Leachate EC corresponding to OSDW ranged from 0.5 to 0.7 dS/m and 0.7 to 1.5 dS/m for Osmocote and the liquid fertilizer, respectively. Leaf tissue N levels corresponding to OSDW weight ranged from 3.1 to 4.3% for Osmocote and 5.0 to 5.5% for the liquid fertilizer. While the fertilizer requirements for boxwood OSDW were determined, additional growth flushes did not occur.
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Atta-ur-Rahman, M. Iqbal Choudhary, Irshad Ali, and Habib-ur-Rehman. "Alkaloids from the Leaves of Buxus papilosa." Journal of Natural Products 49, no. 1 (January 1986): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50043a012.

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