Journal articles on the topic 'Butyl butyrate production'

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1

Travalia, Beatriz Medeiros, Mercia Galvão, Alvaro Silva Lima, Cleide Mara Faria Soares, Narendra Narain, and Luciana Cristina Lins de Aquino Santana. "Effect of parameters on butyl butyrate synthesis using novel Aspergillus niger lipase as biocatalyst." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 40, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 35999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v40i1.35999.

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A novel “green” Aspergillus niger lipase, obtained from the fermentation of pumpkin seeds, was used in a free form and encapsulated in sol-gel matri x in butyl butyrate (pineapple flavor) synthesis. Esterification reactions were performed with varying substrate molar ratio (butanol: butyric acid) ranging between 1:1 and 5:1; temperature between 30 and 60°C and biocatalyst mass between 0 and 1g, respectively, according to experimental design 23 with 6 axial and 3 central points. Maximum butyl butyrate production was obtained when substrate molar ratio (butanol:butyric acid) 3:1, temperature at 60°C and 0.5 g free or encapsulated lipase as biocatalyst, were used. Temperature was the most significant parameter for production with the two biocatalysts, indicating that higher rates mean greater compound synthesis. Response surface plots showed that higher butyl butyrate production may be obtained with higher temperature and molar ratio rates (butanol:butyric acid) and with lower rates of biocatalyst mass in reactions catalyzed by free or encapsulated lipase. Aspergillus niger lipase obtained from agro-industrial waste could be employed as biocatalyst in esterification reactions in the production of natural aroma as butyl butyrate.
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2

Welsh, Frank W., and Ross E. Williams. "Lipase-mediated production of ethyl butyrate and butyl butyrate in nonaqueous systems." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 12, no. 10 (October 1990): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(90)90145-g.

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3

Kang, Sini, Hyun Ju You, Yeong-Geun Lee, Yunju Jeong, Tony V. Johnston, Nam-In Baek, Seockmo Ku, and Geun Eog Ji. "Production, Structural Characterization, and In Vitro Assessment of the Prebiotic Potential of Butyl-Fructooligosaccharides." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020445.

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyrate, produced in mammalian intestinal tracts via fermentation of dietary fiber, are known biofunctional compounds in humans. However, the variability of fermentable fiber consumed on a daily basis and the diversity of gut microbiota within individuals often limits the production of short-chain fatty acids in the human gut. In this study, we attempted to enhance the butyrate levels in human fecal samples by utilizing butyl-fructooligosaccharides (B-FOS) as a novel prebiotic substance. Two major types of B-FOS (GF3-1B and GF3-2B), composed of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) bound to one or two butyric groups by ester bonds, were synthesized. Qualitative analysis of these B-FOS using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and low-resolution fast-atom bombardment mass spectra (LR-FAB-MS), showed that the chemical structure of GF3-1B and GF3-2B were [O-(1-buty-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-O-α-D-glu] and [O-(1-buty)-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-β-D-fru-(2→1)-O-(4-buty)-β-D-fru-O-α-D-glu], respectively. The ratio of these two compounds was approximately 5:3. To verify their biofunctionality as prebiotic oligosaccharides, proliferation and survival patterns of human fecal microbiota were examined in vitro via 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis compared to a positive FOS control and a negative control without a carbon source. B-FOS treatment showed different enrichment patterns on the fecal microbiota community during fermentation, and especially stimulated the growth of major butyrate producing bacterial consortia and modulated specific butyrate producing pathways with significantly enhanced butyrate levels. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and ammonia production with related metabolic genes were greatly reduced with B-FOS and FOS treatment compared to the control group. These findings indicate that B-FOS differentially promotes butyrate production through the enhancement of butyrate-producing bacteria and their metabolic genes, and can be applied as a novel prebiotic compound in vivo.
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4

Noh, Hyeon Ji, Sang Yup Lee, and Yu-Sin Jang. "Microbial production of butyl butyrate, a flavor and fragrance compound." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103, no. 5 (January 18, 2019): 2079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-09603-z.

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5

Wierschem, Matthias, Stefan Schlimper, Rene Heils, Irina Smirnova, Anton A. Kiss, Mirko Skiborowski, and Philip Lutze. "Pilot-scale validation of Enzymatic Reactive Distillation for butyl butyrate production." Chemical Engineering Journal 312 (March 2017): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.11.127.

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6

Noh, Hyeon Ji, Ji Eun Woo, Sang Yup Lee, and Yu-Sin Jang. "Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum for the production of butyl butyrate." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102, no. 19 (August 3, 2018): 8319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9267-z.

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7

Xin, Fengxue, Anindya Basu, Kun-Lin Yang, and Jianzhong He. "Strategies for production of butanol and butyl-butyrate through lipase-catalyzed esterification." Bioresource Technology 202 (February 2016): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.068.

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8

Seo, Seung-Oh, Yi Wang, Ting Lu, Yong-Su Jin, and Hans P. Blaschek. "Characterization of aClostridium beijerinckii spo0Amutant and its application for butyl butyrate production." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 114, no. 1 (August 17, 2016): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.26057.

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9

Zhang, Zhong-Tian, Steven Taylor, and Yi Wang. "In situ esterification and extractive fermentation for butyl butyrate production with Clostridium tyrobutyricum." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 114, no. 7 (April 18, 2017): 1428–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.26289.

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10

Fayolle, Françoise, Rémy Marchal, Frédéric Monot, Denis Blanchet, and Daniel Ballerini. "An example of production of natural esters: Synthesis of butyl butyrate from wheat flour." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 13, no. 3 (March 1991): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(91)90131-s.

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11

Onoja, Emmanuel, and Roswanira Abdul Wahab. "Effect of Glutaraldehyde Concentration on Catalytic Efficacy of Candida rugosa Lipase Immobilized onto Silica from Oil Palm Leaves." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.42177.

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Till date, studies that investigated the effect of glutaraldehyde concentration on catalytic efficacy of biocatalyst developed with silica-derived from oil palm leaves (OPL) as support, are unknown. The study presents the preparation of a support consisting of silica extracted from OPL coated over magnetite (G/A/SiO2-M) for the immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). Herein, the effect of glutaraldehyde concentration on the catalytic efficacy of immobilized CRL was assessed by the enzymatic production of butyl butyrate as a model. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and immobilization parameters indicated that covalent bound CRL on functionalized OPL-derived silica-magnetite composite activated with 4% (v/v) glutaraldehyde solution (100 mM, pH 7.0) (CRL/G/A/SiO2-M) and pretreated in toluene, resulted in a protein loading and an immobilization yield of 68.3 mg/g and 74.3%, respectively. The resultant CRL/G/A/SiO2-M biocatalyst which specific activity was 61.9 U/g catalyzed the esterification production of 76.5% butyl butyrate in just 3 h, as confirmed by analyses of the purified ester using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Hence, the finding envisages the promising use of G/A/SiO2-M support fabricated from discarded OPL as a carrier for immobilization and activation of CRL, in conjunction to being a good alternative source of renewable silica.
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12

Kushwaha, Nidhi, Debarun Banerjee, Khwaja Alamgir Ahmad, Nagaraj P. Shetti, Tejraj M. Aminabhavi, Kamal K. Pant, and Ejaz Ahmad. "Catalytic production and application of bio-renewable butyl butyrate as jet fuel blend- A review." Journal of Environmental Management 310 (May 2022): 114772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114772.

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13

Jrad, Asmaa, Belal J. Abu Tarboush, Mohamad Hmadeh, and Mohammad Ahmad. "Tuning acidity in zirconium-based metal organic frameworks catalysts for enhanced production of butyl butyrate." Applied Catalysis A: General 570 (January 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.11.003.

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14

Martins, Andréa B., John L. R. Friedrich, Jhonnattas C. Cavalheiro, Cristina Garcia-Galan, Oveimar Barbosa, Marco A. Z. Ayub, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente, and Rafael C. Rodrigues. "Improved production of butyl butyrate with lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on styrene–divinylbenzene beads." Bioresource Technology 134 (April 2013): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.052.

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15

Kang, Sini, Tony V. Johnston, Seockmo Ku, and Geun Eog Ji. "Acute and sub-chronic (28-day) oral toxicity profiles of newly synthesized prebiotic butyl-fructooligosaccharide in ICR mouse and Wistar rat models." Toxicology Research 9, no. 4 (July 2020): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfaa055.

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Abstract B-FOS (butyl-fructooligosaccharide) is a newly synthesized prebiotic molecule, formed by the combination of FOS and butyrate by ester bonds. B-FOS has been reported to have the potential prebiotic effect of promoting intestinal flora diversity and enhancing butyrate production. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential acute and sub-chronic toxicity of B-FOS in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and Wistar rats to verify its biosafety. ICR mice were administered a single oral gavage of B-FOS at doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight and observed for signs of acute toxicity for 14 days. Sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated by repeated oral administration of B-FOS at 2000 mg/kg for 28 days, in accordance with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) protocol test numbers 420 and 407. No mortality or abnormal clinical signs were observed during the experimental periods after B-FOS administration. Furthermore, no significant changes in body weight, organ weight, serum biochemical parameters, or tissue histology were observed after animal sacrifice. These in vivo results indicate that B-FOS does not exert any acute or sub-chronic toxicity at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, and this novel molecule can be regarded as a safe prebiotic substance for use in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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16

Costa-Silva, T. A., A. K. F. Carvalho, C. R. F. Souza, H. F. De Castro, L. Bachmann, S. Said, and W. P. Oliveira. "Enhancement lipase activity via immobilization onto chitosan beads used as seed particles during fluidized bed drying: Application in butyl butyrate production." Applied Catalysis A: General 622 (July 2021): 118217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2021.118217.

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17

Severini, Francesco, James J. Leahy, and Witold Kwapinski. "Heterogeneous Char Based Solid Acid Catalysts from Brown Bin Waste to Create a Green Process for the Production of Butyl Butyrate." Waste and Biomass Valorization 8, no. 7 (September 21, 2016): 2431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9696-9.

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18

Ke, Dangyang, Lili Zhou, and Adel A. Kader. "Mode of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Action on Strawberry Ester Biosynthesis." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 5 (September 1994): 971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.5.971.

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`Chandler' strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duck.) were kept in air, 0.25% O2, 21% O2 + 50% CO2, or 0.25 O2 + 50% CO2 (balance N2) at 5C for 1 to 7 days to study the effects of controlled atmospheres (CAs) on volatiles and fermentation enzymes. Concentrations of acetaldehyde, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and ethyl butyrate were greatly increased, while concentrations of isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, and butyl acetate were reduced by the three CA treatments compared to those of air-control fruit. The CA treatments enhanced activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) but slightly decreased activity of alcohol acetyltransferase (AAT). The results indicate that the enhanced PDC and ADH activities by CA treatments cause ethanol accumulation, which in turn drives the biosynthesis of ethyl esters. The increased ethanol concentration also competes with other alcohols for carboxyl groups for esterification reactions. The reduced AAT activity and limited availability of carboxyl groups due to ethanol competition decrease production of other acetate esters.
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19

Cattani, Mirko, Franco Tagliapietra, Lucia Bailoni, and Stefano Schiavon. "Synthetic and natural polyphenols with antioxidant properties stimulate rumen microbial growth in vitro." Animal Production Science 52, no. 1 (2012): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11096.

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This trial compared the effects of two antioxidant phenols, butyl-hydroxyl-toluene (BHT) and a blend of polyphenols extracted from red chicory, on in vitro degradability, gas production (GP), volatile fatty acids, and microbial nitrogen production, using meadow hay and corn grain as fermentation substrates. A batch culture system with automated gas pressure detectors was used. Four replicates of each feed were incubated for 72 h without additive (Control, CTL) or with the addition of low (0.15 mg/g feed) or high (1.5 mg/g feed) dosages of BHT or red chicory. GP curves were fitted to estimate the time at which half of total GP (t1/2) was achieved. The t1/2 values for meadow hay and corn grain were ~16 and 9 h, respectively. A second incubation, conducted using the same experimental design, was stopped at t1/2. Compared with CTL, degradability and GP kinetics were not affected by the two dosages of BHT, except for GP, which increased after 48 h of incubation (P < 0.01). In the second incubation, BHT increased acetate at the expense of butyrate proportion (P < 0.01). Red chicory extract did not influence GP, feed degradability, or volatile fatty acids production in either incubation. Both BHT and red chicory induced a dosage-dependent increase in microbial nitrogen production at t1/2 (P < 0.05), on average from 7.0 to 13.9 mg/g DM. Collectively, our data suggest that increasing dosages of the two additives with antioxidant properties could have induced a shift in the partition of energy, with a higher proportion of nutrients channelled towards microbial protein synthesis.
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20

Agyeman-Duah, Eric, Santosh Kumar, Bhavana Gangwar, and Victor C. Ujor. "Glycerol Utilization as a Sole Carbon Source Disrupts the Membrane Architecture and Solventogenesis in Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052." Fermentation 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8070339.

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Efficient bioconversion of abundant waste glycerol to value-added chemicals calls for a wider range of fermentative workhorses that can catabolize glycerol. In this study, we used quantitative gene expression and solvent profiling, qualitative metabolite analysis, and enzyme activity assays to investigate the factors that limit glycerol utilization as a sole carbon source by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 did not produce acetate, acetone and butanol on glycerol. Congruently, the genes encoding the coenzyme A transferase subunits (ctfAB) and bifunctional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) were down-regulated up to 135- and 21-fold, respectively, at 12 h in glycerol-grown cells compared to glucose-grown cells. Conversely, NADH-dependent butanol dehydrogenase A (bdhA) was upregulated 2-fold. Glycerol dehydrogenase (gldA) and dihydroxyacetone kinase (subunit dhaK) were upregulated up to 5- and 881-fold, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) showed mostly similar expression profiles at 12 h on glucose and glycerol. At 24 h, gapdh was downregulated 1.5-fold, while NADP+-dependent gapdh was upregulated up to 1.9-fold. Glycerol-grown cells showed higher or similar activity profiles for all solventogenic enzymes studied, compared to glucose-grown cells. Butyraldehyde (3 g/L) supplementation led to the production of ~0.1 g/L butanol, whilst butyrate (3.5 g/L) supplementation produced 0.7 and 0.5 g/L acetone and butanol, respectively, with glycerol. Further, the long chain saturated fatty acids cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, butyl ester were detected in glucose- but not in glycerol-grown cells. Collectively, growth on glycerol appears to disrupt synthesis of saturated long chain fatty acids, as well as solventogenesis in C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052.
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21

Abd Rahman, Ida Nurhazwani, Fatin Myra Abd Manan, Nur Haziqah Che Marzuki, Naji A. Mahat, Nursyafreena Attan, Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein, and Roswanira Abdul Wahab. "A STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZING THE HIGH YIELD GREEN PRODUCTION OF THE FLAVOR ESTER BUTYL BUTYRATE." Jurnal Teknologi 79, no. 7 (October 22, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v79.10194.

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Being the prevailing approach for producing esters such as butyl butyrate, the use of chemical route has been linked to numerous disadvantages. Hence, a green alternative method for higher yield production of butyl butyrate by esterification reaction utilizing Novozyme 435 as biocatalysts in a solvent-less system may prove useful. Such approach can be further improved by optimizing the relevant reaction parameters using the Response Surface Methodology by the Box-Benkhen Design attempted in this present study. The reaction parameters evaluated were: substrate molar ratio, time and temperature, and the response of each parameter was measured as percentage conversion yield. Using the Design Expert 7.1.6 optimization functions, the two sets of optimum conditions selected viz. [i] molar ratio butyric acid:butanol 1:3.93, 9.93 h at 56.09°C and [ii] molar ratio butyric acid:butanol 1:3.35, 9.79 h at 53.90°C had afforded the highest yield of butyl butyrate i.e. 99.62% and 99.55%, respectively. The ester product obtained from the reaction were confirmed as butyl butyrate by FTIR and GC. Therefore, the results substantiated the applicability of the RSM prediction technique as well as efficacy of Novozyme 435 as biocatalysts in the high yield solvent-less synthesis of butyl butyrate, adhering to the philosophy of Green Chemistry.
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22

Sinumvayo, Jean Paul, Chunhua Zhao, Guoxia Liu, Yin Li, and Yanping Zhang. "One-pot production of butyl butyrate from glucose using a cognate “diamond-shaped” E. coli consortium." Bioresources and Bioprocessing 8, no. 1 (February 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40643-021-00372-8.

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AbstractEsters are widely used in plastics, textile fibers, and general petrochemicals. Usually, esters are produced via chemical synthesis or enzymatic processes from the corresponding alcohols and acids. However, the fermentative production of esters from alcohols and/or acids has recently also become feasible. Here we report a cognate microbial consortium capable of producing butyl butyrate. This microbial consortium consists of two engineered butyrate- and butanol-producing E. coli strains with nearly identical genetic background. The pathways for the synthesis of butyrate and butanol from butyryl-CoA in the respective E. coli strains, together with a lipase-catalyzed esterification reaction, created a “diamond-shaped” consortium. The concentration of butyrate and butanol in the fermentation vessel could be altered by adjusting the inoculation ratios of each E. coli strain in the consortium. After optimization, the consortium produced 7.2 g/L butyl butyrate with a yield of 0.12 g/g glucose without the exogenous addition of butanol or butyrate. To our best knowledge, this is the highest titer and yield of butyl butyrate produced by E. coli reported to date. This study thus provides a new way for the biotechnological production of esters.
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23

Sinumvayo, Jean Paul, Yin Li, and Yanping Zhang. "Microbial production of butyl butyrate: from single strain to cognate consortium." Bioresources and Bioprocessing 8, no. 1 (June 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40643-021-00403-4.

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AbstractButyl butyrate (BB) is an important chemical with versatile applications in beverage, food and cosmetics industries. Since chemical synthesis of BB may cause adverse impacts on the environment, biotechnology is an emerging alternative approach for microbial esters biosynthesis. BB can be synthesized by using a single Clostridium strain natively producing butanol or butyrate, with exogenously supplemented butyrate or butanol, in the presence of lipase. Recently, E. coli strains have been engineered to produce BB, but the titer and yield remained very low. This review highlighted a new trend of developing cognate microbial consortium for BB production and associated challenges, and end up with new prospects for further improvement for microbial BB biosynthesis.
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24

Feng, Jun, Jie Zhang, Yuechao Ma, Yiming Feng, Shangjun Wang, Na Guo, Haijiao Wang, et al. "Renewable fatty acid ester production in Clostridium." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (July 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24038-3.

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AbstractBioproduction of renewable chemicals is considered as an urgent solution for fossil energy crisis. However, despite tremendous efforts, it is still challenging to generate microbial strains that can produce target biochemical to high levels. Here, we report an example of biosynthesis of high-value and easy-recoverable derivatives built upon natural microbial pathways, leading to improvement in bioproduction efficiency. By leveraging pathways in solventogenic clostridia for co-producing acyl-CoAs, acids and alcohols as precursors, through rational screening for host strains and enzymes, systematic metabolic engineering-including elimination of putative prophages, we develop strains that can produce 20.3 g/L butyl acetate and 1.6 g/L butyl butyrate. Techno-economic analysis results suggest the economic competitiveness of our developed bioprocess. Our principles of selecting the most appropriate host for specific bioproduction and engineering microbial chassis to produce high-value and easy-separable end products may be applicable to other bioprocesses.
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25

Lv, Yang, Yujia Jiang, Jiasheng Lu, Hao Gao, Weiliang Dong, Jie Zhou, Wenming Zhang, Fengxue Xin, and Min Jiang. "Comprehensive evaluation for the one-pot biosynthesis of butyl acetate by using microbial mono- and co-cultures." Biotechnology for Biofuels 14, no. 1 (October 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-021-02053-2.

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Abstract Background Butyl acetate has shown wide applications in food, cosmetics, medicine, and biofuel sectors. These short-chain fatty acid esters can be produced by either chemical or biological synthetic process with corresponding alcohols and acids. Currently, biosynthesis of short chain fatty acid esters, such as butyl butyrate, through microbial fermentation systems has been achieved; however, few studies regarding biosynthesis of butyl acetate were reported. Results In this study, three proof-of-principle strategies for the one-pot butyl acetate production from glucose through microbial fermentation were designed and evaluated. (1) 7.3 g/L of butyl acetate was synthesized by butanol-producing Clostridium acetobutylicum NJ4 with the supplementation of exogenous acetic acid; (2) With the addition of butanol, 5.76 g/L of butyl acetate can be synthesized by acetate-producing Actinobacillus succinogenes130z (ΔpflA); (3) Microbial co-culture of C. acetobutylicum NJ4 and A. succinogenes130z (ΔpflA) can directly produce 2.2 g/L of butyl acetate from glucose by using microbial co-culture system with the elimination of precursors. Through the further immobilization of A. succinogenes130z (ΔpflA), butyl acetate production was improved to 2.86 g/L. Conclusion Different microbial mono- and co-culture systems for butyl acetate biosynthesis were successfully constructed. These strategies may be extended to the biosynthesis of a wide range of esters, especially to some longer chain ones.
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26

Wang, Qingzhuo, Naief H. Al Makishah, Qi Li, Yanan Li, Wenzheng Liu, Xiaoman Sun, Zhiqiang Wen, and Sheng Yang. "Developing Clostridia as Cell Factories for Short- and Medium-Chain Ester Production." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9 (June 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.661694.

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Short- and medium-chain volatile esters with flavors and fruity fragrances, such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and butyl butyrate, are usually value-added in brewing, food, and pharmacy. The esters can be naturally produced by some microorganisms. As ester-forming reactions are increasingly deeply understood, it is possible to produce esters in non-natural but more potential hosts. Clostridia are a group of important industrial microorganisms since they can produce a variety of volatile organic acids and alcohols with high titers, especially butanol and butyric acid through the CoA-dependent carbon chain elongation pathway. This implies sufficient supplies of acyl-CoA, organic acids, and alcohols in cells, which are precursors for ester production. Besides, some Clostridia could utilize lignocellulosic biomass, industrial off-gas, or crude glycerol to produce other branched or straight-chain alcohols and acids. Therefore, Clostridia offer great potential to be engineered to produce short- and medium-chain volatile esters. In the review, the efforts to produce esters from Clostridia via in vitro lipase-mediated catalysis and in vivo alcohol acyltransferase (AAT)-mediated reaction are comprehensively revisited. Besides, the advantageous characteristics of several Clostridia and clostridial consortia for bio-ester production and the driving force of synthetic biology to clostridial chassis development are also discussed. It is believed that synthetic biotechnology should enable the future development of more effective Clostridia for ester production.
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27

Duan, Xiaojie, Yu Liu, Xin You, Zhengqiang Jiang, Shaoxiang Yang, and Shaoqing Yang. "High-level expression and characterization of a novel cutinase from Malbranchea cinnamomea suitable for butyl butyrate production." Biotechnology for Biofuels 10, no. 1 (September 19, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0912-z.

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28

Kaur, Parneet, and Asim Kumar Jana. "Amino functionalization of magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes with flexible hydrophobic spacer for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase and application in biocatalytic production of fruit flavour esters ethyl butyrate and butyl butyrate." Applied Nanoscience, October 27, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02657-6.

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