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1
van Deurzen, Bram, Gustavo Alberto Rovelo Ruiz, Daniël M. Bot, Davy Vanacken, and Kris Luyten. "Substitute Buttons: Exploring Tactile Perception of Physical Buttons for Use as Haptic Proxies." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 8, no. 3 (February 20, 2024): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti8030015.
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Buttons are everywhere and are one of the most common interaction elements in both physical and digital interfaces. While virtual buttons offer versatility, enhancing them with realistic haptic feedback is challenging. Achieving this requires a comprehensive understanding of the tactile perception of physical buttons and their transferability to virtual counterparts. This research investigates tactile perception concerning button attributes such as shape, size, and roundness and their potential generalization across diverse button types. In our study, participants interacted with each of the 36 buttons in our search space and provided a response to which one they thought they were touching. The findings were used to establish six substitute buttons capable of effectively emulating tactile experiences across various buttons. In a second study, these substitute buttons were validated against virtual buttons in VR. Highlighting the potential use of the substitute buttons as haptic proxies for applications such as encountered-type haptics.
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Suryana, Agus, and Della Assyifa Nur Aqilah. "Desain Pembelajaran Kooperatif Learning Teknik Kancing Gemerincing pada Bahasa Indonesia Kelas V." EduInovasi: Journal of Basic Educational Studies 3, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/edui.v3i1.1406.
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The writing of this article aims to: Explain the Design of Cooperative Learning Learning the Rattlesnake Technique in Indonesian Class V Interview Materials, Explaining the Advantages of Cooperative Learning Designs for Learning the Clinking Button Techniques in Indonesian Class V Interview Materials, This research method uses the library method by analyzing various books and journals related to Cooperative Learning Design Learning jingling button technique in Indonesian Class V Interview Material. The conclusions concluded that: The rattling button technique learning model is a learning model that has clear and systematic procedures, the rattling button learning model was originally developed by spancer Kagan in 1990. Another advantage of this jingling button technique is that students' attention can be focused, overcoming obstacles Equity distribution which is often dominated by certain students, can stimulate students to be more active and can answer all the problems that arise in the minds of each student because they take part directly, and equal distribution of responsibilities can be achieved, no member depends on his dominant partner. The steps of the cooperative learning model of the rattling button technique are (1) The teacher prepares a small box containing buttons (can also be other small objects, such as red beans, hazelnut seeds, pieces of straw, sticks, scoop of ice cream). , etc). These buttons can also be replaced with other objects, (2) Before the group starts their task, each student in each group gets two or three buttons (the number of buttons depends on the difficulty of the task given), (3) Each time a child If a child is to speak or express an opinion, he must throw away one of his buttons and put it in the middle, (4) If a child's buttons run out, he may not speak again until all his friends have also finished their buttons, (5) If all the buttons have been finished, while the task has not been completed, the group may take an agreement to divide the buttons again and repeat the procedure again.
Keyword: Kancing Gemerincing, Cooperative Learning Model Design, Indonesian Language Learning
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Ma, Yanan, Qiuming Gong, Xiaoxiong Zhou, Lijun Yin, and Hongsu Ma. "The Modelling of Rock Fragmentation Mechanisms by Carbide Buttons Using the 3D Discrete Element Method." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 6090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106090.
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Button cutters are commonly used in hard rock drilling because the inserted carbide buttons provide exceptional wear resistance, impact resistance, and high strength in challenging geological formations. One of the most pressing issues in designing a button cutter is to study the rock breaking mechanisms of carbide buttons. In this study, the three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was employed to investigate the rock breaking mechanism and cutting performance of five widely used carbide buttons, i.e., spherical, saddle, wedge, conical, and parabolic buttons. The simulation results were compared with laboratory tests to reveal the rock indentation process. The crack propagation pattern, energy dissipation, and damage evolution associated with the force–penetration depth curve were investigated. Tensile damage was the primary determinant for crack propagation and coalescence. By systematically exploring the penetration index, specific energy, and crack propagation characteristics, the conical button had a high rock breaking efficiency when the penetration depth was low, and the saddle button had a high rock breaking efficiency when the penetration depth was high. The findings can provide references for the design of a button cutter.
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Amato, Margaret, Laurel Perton, and Beverly Sullivan. "Buttons, Buttons, and More Buttons." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 31, no. 12 (December 2001): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200112000-00002.
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Nolan, Peter R. "The Design of a Squishy Mouse." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 6 (October 1988): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200603.
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Five research studies were conducted to specify the physical description of a novel mouse for an office computer. The mouse had side buttons that when pressed at the same time, moved or scrolled the contents of the active window. The studies examined accidental activation of both the side buttons and the top buttons, whether the mouse should be single button or have multiple buttons on its top surface, the back width dimension, volume and silhouette, top button position, and side button size and position. Each study provided data that was used in the next study, after it was reviewed by a design team. This case study shows that in design/development environments, quick, iterative studies serve the needs of design teams by providing successive approximations to the final design in a timely fashion. The utility of this method is compared to a multifactorial design.
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Wu, Liping, Vladimir Sukhoy, and Alexander Stoytchev. "Toward Learning to Press Doorbell Buttons." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 1 (July 5, 2010): 1965–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7790.
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To function in human-inhabited environments a robot must be able to press buttons. There are literally thousands of different buttons, which produce various types of feedback when pressed. This work focuses on doorbell buttons, which provide auditory feedback. Our robot learned to predict if a specific pushing movement would press a doorbell button and produce a sound. The robot explored different buttons with random pushing behaviors and perceived the proprioceptive, tactile, and acoustic outcomes of these behaviors.
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Michaud, Laurent, Dominique Guimber, Anne‐Sophie Blain‐Stregloff, Serge Ganga‐Zandzou, Frédéric Gottrand, and Dominique Turck. "Longevity of Balloon‐stabalized Skin‐level Gastrostomy Devive." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 38, no. 4 (April 2004): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2004.tb12192.x.
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ABSTRACTObjective:The gastrostomy button is increasingly used in patients requiring long‐term enteral feeding. No data are available addressing the longevity of balloon‐type gastrostomy buttons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longevity of balloon‐type gastrostomy buttons in children and the cause of the button removal.Patients and methods:During a period of 2.5 years, 165 gastrostomy (Mic‐Key®, Medical Innovations Corporation, Draper, Utah, U.S.A.) buttons were inserted in 84 children. In all patients, the button replaced a standard tube gastrostomy. The first button was usually inserted under general anesthesia at least 2 months after the insertion of a surgical gastrostomy tube. Additional replacement was performed without sedation.Results:Mean longevity of balloon‐type gastrostomy buttons was 5 months (range, 14 days–14 months). Causes of button removal were: inner balloon rupture (n = 101, 61%); leak around button or deflation of the balloon (n = 23, 14%); accidental removal (n = 20, 12%); device damage (n = 5), and obstruction (n = 3). When considering the subgroup with inner balloon rupture, the longevity of the button was 6 months (range, 1–13 months). No correlation was found between duration of gastrostomy button and underlying disease, age of the patient, or the use of antisecretory drugs.Conclusion:Although the Mic‐Key button has the advantage of an easy insertion, its major limitation is the high frequency of inner balloon rupture, which was the primary main reason for removal.
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DUDEK, Rafał, and Krzysztof WŁADZIELCZYK. "WEAR TESTING OF BUTTONS IN BITS FOR BLASTHOLE DRILLING." Tribologia 278, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6954.
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The article presents the results of the wear testing of buttons in selected types of bits with the diameter of 95 mm used for blast hole drilling in a rock mining. The purpose of the testing was to determine the type of the wear of peripheral and frontal buttons in the actual operating conditions of bits and the impact of selected parameters of the drilling process and of sharpening the buttons on their durability. Tests of button wear were carried out by the blasthole drilling in deposits of the Devonian and Triassic dolomites. For the blast hole drilling with tested bits, drilling rigs HSB 500 and HBM 60, equipped with down-the-hole impact mechanisms VKP 95-2 from the company Permon were used. Tests on the wear of buttons were carried out according to the adopted methodology, taking into account both their abrasive wear and wear through crushing or falling out. During the drilling of holes, every effort was made to use fixed values of parameters of the drilling process, except for the value of drill stem rotation speed, because one of objectives of the research was to determine its impact on the abrasive wear of tested bits buttons. The obtained results of tests proved that the predominant type of wear of button bits for blast hole drilling is an abrasive wear of frontal buttons, and regular sharpening of the buttons allows increasing the operating time of rock bits by up to 35%.
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Shah, Ashish, Harshadkumar Patel, Martim Pinto, Nicholas Dahlgren, Eildar Abyar, Robert Stibolt, Eva ehtonen, Michael Johnson, and Sameer Naranje. "Syndesmotic Fixation With Suture Button. Neurovascular Structures at Risk. A Cadaver Study." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00424.
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Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Damage to distal tibiofibular syndesmosis occurs in 25% of operative ankle fractures. Syndesmotic stabilization is crucial to prevent significant pain, instability and degeneration of the joint. One operative method is insertion of suture buttons. Though effective, this method can result in entrapment and damage of the saphenous neurovasculature of the medial tibia. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomic risk of direct injury to the saphenous nerve and greater saphenous vein during syndesmotic suture button fixation. Methods: This study was performed on 10 below knee cadaveric leg specimens. Under fluoroscopic guidance, syndesmotic suture buttons were placed from lateral to medial at 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm above the tibial plafond at an anterior angle of 30 degrees to the coronal plane. Dissection was performed through medial tibial incision to record the distance and position of each button from the greater saphenous vein and saphenous nerve. Statistical measurement and analysis was performed with SPSS. Results: The mean age of cadavers was 78.2 ± 6.9 years and mean BMI was 21.6 ± 2.2. The mean distance of the saphenous nerve to the suture buttons at 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm were 7.1 ± 5.6mm, 6.5 ± 4.6mm, and 6.1 ± 4.2mm, respectively. The saphenous nerve was compressed in 2 cadavers (20%) at 1cm, 2 cadavers (20%) at 2cm and 1 cadaver (10%) at 3cm by suture buttons. Mean distance of the greater saphenous vein from the suture buttons at 1cm, 2cm and 3cm were 8.6 ± 7.1, 9.1 ± 5.3, and 7.9 ± 4.9mm respectively. The great saphenous vein was compressed in 2 cadavers (20%) at 1cm, 1 cadaver (10%) at 2cm and 1 cadaver (10%) at 3cm by suture buttons. Conclusion: There was at least one case of injury to both the saphenous vein and nerve at every level of button insertion at a rate of 10-20%. The close proximity of the suture button to neurovasculature combined with significant anatomic variation in saphenous nerve anatomy suggest that neurovascular injury may be best avoided by direct visualization prior to suture button placement. Great care should be taken to avoid injury to saphenous neurovascular structures during suture button insertion. Keeping an eye on close proximity of neurovasculatures, we recommend medial incision for during syndesmotic suture button fixation.
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Lavoie-Gagne, Ophelie, Kevin Parvaresh, Avinesh Agarwalla, Brian Forsythe, and Enrico Forlenza. "Poster 186: Repair of the Distal Biceps Tendon: A Systematic Review & Network Meta-Analysis of Biomechanical Performance." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 7_suppl5 (July 1, 2022): 2325967121S0074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00747.
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Objectives: Rupture of the distal biceps is common and demonstrates excellent short- and long-term clinical outcomes following surgical repair. Prior studies have individually evaluated the biomechanical construct strength of multiple fixation devices, but none has comprehensively evaluated constructs in a head-to-head comparison. We sought to compare the failure strength, maximum strength, stiffness and displacement of available constructs for distal biceps repair. Methods: A network meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relative performance of 2 all-suture suture anchors, 2 intramedullary cortical buttons, 2 suture anchors, extramedullary cortical buttons, extramedullary cortical button plus interference screw, interference screw, single intramedullary cortical button, single suture anchor, trans-osseous suture, tension slide technique and tension slide technique plus suture tape. Analysis consisted of arm-based network meta-analysis under Bayesian random-effects model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. Geometry of the network was represented visually via a network plot with nodes representing treatments and edges representing direct comparative evidence. Biomechanical outcomes of fixation techniques were summarized as treatment effects and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Rank probabilities were calculated and used to generate each treatment’s surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the network meta-analysis. For failure strength, the two intramedullary cortical buttons ranked highest (92.73%). For maximum strength, the extramedullary cortical button alone (86.96%) and extramedullary button plus interference screw (83.40%) ranked highest. The two intramedullary cortical buttons ranked highest in stiffness (98.75%), followed by the extramedullary cortical button with interference screw (88.75%) and extramedullary cortical button (75.00%). Finally, with respect to demonstrating the least displacement after loading, the two suture anchors (89.43%) ranked highest, followed by tension slide technique with suture tape (73.14%) and extramedullary cortical button (72.71%). Conclusions: The fixation constructs that demonstrated the greatest overall biomechanical performance in distal biceps tendon repair were the extramedullary cortical button and two intramedullary cortical buttons. Two suture anchors demonstrated the least displacement after loading. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
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Po-Chan, Yeh. "The Influence of the Interface Button Design of Touch Screens on Operation and Interpretation by Elderly and Middle-Aged Adults." Designs 3, no. 3 (July 9, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs3030035.
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Body function begins to decline in middle age, with changes becoming increasingly noticeable over time. With the popularization of educational and information technology, people know more about healthcare and are becoming accustomed to self-testing using health equipment. Technological changes are reflected in products, which present innovations including the switch from traditional to touch-controlled interface designs. This can cause difficulties in the interpretation and interface operation for older adults, who may be facing physiological and psychological alterations. Understanding users’ physiological limitations has become an important aspect of product design. This study explored the effects of physiological limitations on touch-screen operation in middle-aged and elderly people, specifically regarding button type, display position, and button size. A total of 64 participants were included in the study: 32 middle-aged people (aged 45–64 years) and 32 elderly people (65 years of age and older). Each participant was asked to complete 32 tasks (two button categories × four button sizes × four presentation positions). The results revealed no differences between the elderly and the middle-aged groups with regard to the interpretation of image buttons and text buttons; however, button size affected the operation and interpretation time. Middle-aged participants demonstrated good interpretation performance when the buttons were displayed in the upper or lower part of the screen, whereas elderly participants only had a good interpretation performance when the buttons were in the upper part. For both groups, the ideal image button size was 16 mm with a text font size of 22.
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Na, Wei. "Modern Chinese Folk Clothing Accessory-Buttons." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.755.
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The structure and function of clothing buttons, to a great extent, influence the clothing modeling, covering function and use function. It is a sign of evolution of clothing. This article elaborates the modern women's clothing buttons type, and the relationship between function and aesthetic culture connotation. The conclusion is button is an important organic part of clothing.
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Emelyanenko, Alexandre M., Fadi S. Omran, Maria A. Teplonogova, Marina Y. Chernukha, Lusine R. Avetisyan, Eugenia G. Tselikina, Gleb A. Putsman, et al. "An Antimicrobial Copper–Plastic Composite Coating: Characterization and In Situ Study in a Hospital Environment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8 (April 18, 2024): 4471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084471.
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A method has been proposed for creating an operationally durable copper coating with antimicrobial properties for the buttons of electrical switches based on the gas dynamic spray deposition of copper on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic. It is shown that during the coating process, a polymer film is formed on top of the copper layer. Comparative in situ studies of microbial contamination have shown that the copper-coated buttons have a significant antimicrobial effect compared to standard buttons. Analysis of swabs over a 22-week study in a hospital environment showed that the frequency of contamination for a copper-coated button with various microorganisms was 2.7 times lower than that of a control button. The presented results allow us to consider the developed copper coating for plastic switches an effective alternative method in the fight against healthcare-associated infections.
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Nag, Amruth, and Sowmya M S. "Solution for Deceptive Download Buttons and Drive-By Installation." International Journal of System Modeling and Simulation 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijsms.2018.3.4.01.
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Deceptive download buttons are those on the internet which may look like it is meant to do an action but actually does something else which it is not intended by the user. Drive-by installations are those extra software which is installed in a user's device without him noticing it. This paper gives the information about the types of deceptive download buttons and the ways a common user can avoid clicking on such button while browsing the web. A few methods the advertiser may commonly use for making the end user a victim of the deceptive download buttons is discussed here. The methods by which someone can avoid these kinds of buttons are also given in this paper. An idea for the development of an extension to the user's browser, that runs in the background. This warns the user about those buttons prior to the button being clicked. This paper also includes information about drive-by installations of bloatware and the ways in which the end users are being affected by this, how the end user can avoid being a victim of drive-by installations and an idea to develop a tool which runs in the background as a small script in the operating system which will automatically warn the user about the drive-by installations.
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Vencio, Reynerio M., and Emmanuel Tadeus S. Cruz. "An Improvised Tracheostoma Button Fabricated from Disposable Plastic Syringe." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 24, no. 1 (June 15, 2009): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v24i1.711.
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Objective: To design inexpensive, easily fabricated stoma buttons for post-laryngectomy patients with stomal stenosis and patients who require prolonged tracheotomy.
Methods:
Design: Surgical Instrumentation
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Participants: Tracheostoma buttons fabricated from 3 or 5 cc disposable plastic syringes were tested on two post-laryngectomy patients with stomal stenosis and a tracheotomized patient with bilateral vocal cord paralysis.
Results: The tracheostoma buttons were inexpensive and relatively easy to fabricate. They were easily inserted and well tolerated by all three patients, compared to previously-used commercially-available tracheotomy tubes.
Conclusion: In a developing country setting, improvised tracheostoma buttons made from disposable plastic syringes may be viable alternatives to commercially-available stoma buttons or tracheotomy tubes. Clinical trials on more subjects should be conducted to assess parameters for use and long-term efficacy and safety issues.
Keywords: stomal stenosis, tracheostoma/stoma button
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Guo, Hongyu, Amjad Nusayr, and Wen-Chen Hu. "Analysis and Resolution of Semantic Ambiguity of Toggle Buttons by Standardizing the Design in Software GUI and Mobile Apps." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhcr.2017040101.
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Toggle buttons are intuitive gadgets widely used in software GUI design and mobile app interfaces with increasing popularity on mobile devices. However, the current practice of toggle button design is prone to semantic ambiguity, which causes confusions to the users. This paper presents an analysis of the various paradigms of toggle button design in the current practice and provides a resolution of the sematic ambiguities by proposing a set of design standards regarding toggle buttons. State semantics and action semantics are distinguished and it is advocated that state semantics should be used in lieu of action semantics.
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Kovarik, Katherine. "Delving Deeper: Unlocking the Simplex Lock." Mathematics Teacher 101, no. 7 (March 2008): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.101.7.0552.
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The Simplex lock is a popular push-button combination lock found in apartment buildings, offices, schools, and other buildings. The metallic lock has five buttons that can be pushed individually or simultaneously with other buttons, and the order and number of pushes make up a unique code. Throughout this article, I use the word code rather than combination to describe a unique set of numbers to open the lock and to eliminate confusion with mathematical combinations that also appear here. The manufacturers claim that the Simplex lock can incorporate “thousands” of codes; in fact, the five-button lock can incorporate exactly 1082 codes.
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Liu, Alexander, Siqi Wu, and Paul Resnick. "How to Train Your YouTube Recommender to Avoid Unwanted Videos." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 18 (May 28, 2024): 930–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v18i1.31363.
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YouTube provides features for users to indicate disinterest when presented with unwanted recommendations, such as the “Not interested” and “Don’t recommend channel” buttons. These buttons are intended to allow the user to correct “mistakes” made by the recommendation system. Yet, relatively little is known about the empirical efficacy of these buttons. Neither is much known about users’ awareness of and confidence in them. To address these gaps, we simulated YouTube users with sock puppet agents. Each agent first executed a “stain phase”, where it watched many videos of an assigned topic; it then executed a “scrub phase”, where it tried to remove recommendations from the assigned topic. Each agent repeatedly applied a single scrubbing strategy, either indicating disinterest in one of the videos visited in the stain phase (disliking it or deleting it from the watch history), or indicating disinterest in a video recommended on the homepage (clicking the “not interested” or “don’t recommend channel” button or opening the video and clicking the dislike button). We found that the stain phase significantly increased the fraction of the recommended videos dedicated to the assigned topic on the user’s homepage. For the scrub phase, using the “Not interested” button worked best, significantly reducing such recommendations in all topics tested, on average removing 88% of them. Neither the stain phase nor the scrub phase, however, had much effect on videopage recommendations (those given to users while they watch a video). We also ran a survey (N = 300) asking adult YouTube users in the US whether they were aware of and used these buttons before, as well as how effective they found these buttons to be. We found that 44% of participants were not aware that the “Not interested” button existed. Those who were aware of it often used it to remove unwanted recommendations (82.8%) and found it to be modestly effective (3.42 out of 5).
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Chen, Chunxian, William R. Okie, and Thomas G. Beckman. "Peach Fruit Set and Buttoning after Spring Frost." HortScience 51, no. 7 (July 2016): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.7.816.
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Peach fruit set is affected by cumulative chill and spring frost. A spring frost occurred on 29 Mar. 2015 at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Byron station after 3 weeks of bloom, reducing fruit set and resulting in many buttons (abnormally small fruit with dead embryos). Fruit set was rated in 2014, 2015, and 2016 and button set rated in 2015 using the same scale (0 = no fruit/button to 9 = 1–2 fruit/button at every node). The overall fruit set rating was substantially different in the 3 years, averaging 5.61 in 2014, 2.61 in 2015, and 6.04 in 2016. Buttons and skin-damaged fruit in 2015 varied among peach genotypes. Comparison of fruit and button set ratings showed that there was no difference between cultivars and selections, but some significant differences in fruit set for four ripening months, among the 3 years, and among the nine chilling classes, respectively. Among the cultivars, the most common button set rating was 0–3. For example, ‘Sunprince’, ‘Loring’, and ‘Carored’ trees had a high button set rating, whereas ‘Flameprince’, ‘Julyprince’, and ‘Contender’ trees were low. As for peach selections, BY04P1690n was among those with the highest button set rating. In the population derived from a cross of button-prone BY04P1690n and button-free BY99P3866w, fruit and button counts from 10 long fruiting shoots ranged from 4 to 53 fruit (21.63 on average) and 2 to 27 buttons (10.39 on average). The peach button rate ranged from 5.36% to 87.10% (30.70% on average). The range, distribution, and percentage of the button counts suggested that, if buttoning was genetically controlled, it appeared quantitative. Further assessment is needed.
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Wood, Addison R., Seyed A. Arshad, Hannah Kim, and Donald Stewart. "Kinematic Analysis of Combined Suture-Button and Suture Anchor Augment Constructs for Ankle Syndesmosis Injuries." Foot & Ankle International 41, no. 4 (January 15, 2020): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719898181.
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Background: Syndesmosis injuries are common, with up to 25% of all ankle injuries being reported to involve an associated syndesmosis injury. These injuries are typically treated with cortical screw fixation or suture-button implants when indicated, but the addition of a suture anchor augment implant has yet to be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a suture anchor augment to add sagittal plane translational and transverse plane rotational constraint to suture-button constructs with syndesmosis injuries. We hypothesized that the suture anchor augment oriented in parallel with the fibers of an injured anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) in addition to a suture-button construct would achieve physiological motion and stability at the syndesmosis through increased rotational and translational constraint of the fibula. Methods: Eleven fresh-frozen cadaver ankles were stressed in external rotation using a custom-made ankle rig. Each ankle had simultaneous recording of ultrasound video, 6 degrees-of-freedom kinematics of the fibula and tibia, and torque as the ankle was stressed by an examiner. The ankles were tested in 6 different states: native uninjured; injured with interosseous ligament and AITFL sectioned; 1× suture button; 2× suture buttons, divergent; 1× suture anchor augment with 2× suture buttons, divergent; and 1× suture anchor augment with 1× suture buttons. Results: Only the suture anchor augment + 2× suture buttons and suture anchor augment + 1× suture-button constructs were found to be significantly different from the injured state ( P = .0003, P = .002) with mean external rotation of the fibula. Conclusion: Overall, the most important finding of this study was that the addition of a suture anchor augment to suture-button constructs provided a mechanism to increase external rotational constraint of the fibula. Clinical Relevance: This study provides a mechanistic understanding of how the combined suture-button and suture anchor augment construct provides an anatomically similar reconstruction of constraints found in the native ankle. However, none of the constructs examined in this study were able to fully restore physiologic motion.
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Peters, Travis, John Goldwasser, and Michael Young. "LIGHTS OUT! on Cartesian Products." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 32 (February 6, 2017): 464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3483.
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The game LIGHTS OUT! is played on a 5 by 5 square grid of buttons; each button may be on or off. Pressing a button changes the on/o state of the light of the button pressed and of all its vertical and horizontal neighbors. Given an initial configuration of buttons that are on, the object of the game is to turn all the lights out. The game can be generalized to arbitrary graphs. In this paper, Cartesian Product graphs (that is, graphs of the form G\box H, where G and H are arbitrary finite, simple graphs) are investigated. In particular, conditions for which GH is universally solvable (every initial configuration of lights can be turned out by a finite sequence of button presses), using both closed neighborhood switching and open neighborhood switching, are provided.
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Shrestha, Pranav. "Haptic Virtual Prototyping of Buttons." Arbutus Review 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/tar41201312697.
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The design of any physical product involves prototyping. Building physical prototypes of the products can be expensive and time consuming. An alternate to physical prototyping is haptic virtual prototyping, which simulates the product using a computer and a haptic device. A haptic device is one that produces the forces similar to that of the product, giving the user a realistic feel of the product. Since the feel of a product plays a significant role in its commercial success, the importance of haptic virtual prototyping as a design tool is increasing. This paper discusses the haptic simulation of a push button on a low cost and commercially available haptic device called Novint Falcon. Two different models were created – the first one was a simple push button, and the second was an on/off click button. The parameters of the two models were selected such that they have the most accurate tactile response or feel of the product. The two models successfully simulated the feel of the buttons, and it was found that haptic virtual prototyping of buttons is achievable using a low cost haptic interaction system.
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Kuo, Shin-Huei, Tzu-Yin Liu, Tun-Chieh Chen, Chih-Jen Yang, and Yen-Hsu Chen. "Impact of Plastic-Wrap Properties and Cleaning Intervals on the Disinfection of Elevator Buttons." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021649.
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Fomite transmission is a possible route by which different pathogens spread within facilities. In hospital settings, elevator buttons are widely observed to be covered with various types of plastic wraps; however, limited information is available concerning the impact of different plastic materials on cleaning. Our study aimed to identify which plastic material is suitable for the coverage of elevator buttons and the optimal intervals for their cleaning. We tested six plastic covers, including polyethylene (PE), polymethylpentene (PMP), polyvinyl chloride (PVD), and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) plastic wraps; a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) keyboard cover; and a polyethylene terephthalate-ethylene vinyl acetate (PET-EVA) laminating film, which are plastic films. The bioburden on the elevator buttons at different time intervals was measured using an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay. Our results show that wraps made of PVDC had superior durability compared with those of PMP, PVC, and PVDC, in addition to the lowest detectable ATP levels among the six tested materials. Regarding different button locations, the highest ATP values were found in door-close buttons followed by door-open, and first-floor buttons after one- and three-hour intervals (p = 0.024 and p < 0.001, respectively). After routine disinfection, the ATP levels of buttons rapidly increased after touching and became more prominent after three hours (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that PVDC plastic wraps have adequate durability and the lowest residual bioburden when applied as covers for elevator buttons. Door-close and -open buttons were the most frequently touched sites, requiring more accurate and precise disinfection; therefore, cleaning intervals of no longer than three hours may be warranted.
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Yu, Hengcheng, and Zhengyu Chen. "Research on contactless control of elevator based on machine vision." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 7 (August 3, 2022): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v7i.1022.
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Aiming at the problem of cross-infection caused by elevator public buttons during the COVID-19 epidemic, a non-contact elevator button control gesture recognition system based on machine vision is designed. In order to improve the detection speed of gesture recognition, combined with the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) and replaced the Backbone in YOLOv5 with the lightweight model ShuffleNetV2, an improved YOLOv5_shff algorithm was proposed. After testing, in the task of recognizing gestures, the detection speed of the YOLOv5_shff algorithm is 14% higher than the original model, and the detection accuracy is 0.1% higher than the original model. Taking the improved YOLOv5_shff algorithm as the core, a gesture recognition system that can be applied to elevator button control is designed. The experimental data shows that the gesture recognition accuracy for controlling elevator buttons reaches 99.3%, which can meet the requirements of non-contact control of public elevators.
Aiming at the problem of cross-infection caused by elevator public buttons during the COVID-19 epidemic, a non-contact elevator button control gesture recognition system based on machine vision is designed. In order to improve the detection speed of gesture recognition, combined with the Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) and replaced the Backbone in YOLOv5 with the lightweight model ShuffleNetV2, an improved YOLOv5_shff algorithm was proposed. After testing, in the task of recognizing gestures, the detection speed of the YOLOv5_shff algorithm is 14% higher than the original model, and the detection accuracy is 0.1% higher than the original model. Taking the improved YOLOv5_shff algorithm as the core, a gesture recognition system that can be applied to elevator button control is designed. The experimental data shows that the gesture recognition accuracy for controlling elevator buttons reaches 99.3%, which can meet the requirements of non-contact control of public elevators.
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Sendari, Clara Siti, Iin Indriani, Arifah A. Riyanto, and Dedah Jumiatin. "PERMAINAN KANCING UNTUK PENINGKATAN PERKEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN FISIK-MOTORIK ANAK USIA DINI." CERIA (Cerdas Energik Responsif Inovatif Adaptif) 1, no. 5 (March 29, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/ceria.v1i5.p23-32.
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One aspect of physical-motor development in early childhood is the muscles that affect the development of strength and motor skills (rough and smooth) which can be increased through learning activities or play activities that are varied, creative, and fun in accordance with the character of an active child, dynamic and enthusiastic. Button play is an activity of playing using button media that has a variety of shapes, colors and sizes, which are carried out or packaged in various ways or strategies, including inserting buttons into bottles, rooting, connecting ribbons, attaching buttons according to their shape and color, moving buttons using tweezers, which is done by walking or running. The action research conducted in this class aims to find out the improvement of the child's physical-motor skills development through the button game approach which is carried out in two cycles. The technique used in data collection is through assessment guidelines and observation sheets. Data obtained from the results of research using statistical analysis methods and description analysis. The study was conducted on 15 children at an early age. Data from the results of research and analysis showed an increase in the development of physical-motor skills in children as subjects of the study. This shows that the button game can improve the development of physical-motor skills in the early childhood group.
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Mickelson, Dayne T., Thomas Lefebvre, Ken Gall, and Jonathan C. Riboh. "Adjustable-Loop Femoral Cortical Suspensory Fixation for Patellar Tendon Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Time Zero Biomechanical Comparison With Interference Screw Fixation." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 8 (May 15, 2018): 1857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518771365.
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Background: Adjustable-loop cortical buttons for femoral fixation of bone-tendon-bone grafts have potential advantages over interference screw fixation; however, these devices have not been benchmarked biomechanically against interference screws. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the time zero biomechanical properties of commercially available, adjustable-loop cortical button and metallic interference screws for femoral fixation of bone-tendon-bone grafts. It was hypothesized that no significant differences would be found in biomechanical properties between fixation techniques. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Adjustable-loop cortical buttons (n = 8) and metallic interference screws (n = 8) were used to fix matched pairs of human bone-tendon-bone allografts in porcine distal femurs. These constructs were preconditioned (10 N to 50 N at 1 Hz, 10 cycles), subjected to cyclic loading (50 N to 250 N at 1 Hz, 500 cycles), and then pulled to failure at 20 mm/min. Results: The loads to failure (mean ± SD, 700 ± 256 N vs 688 ± 215 N, P = .92) and linear stiffnesses (219 ± 48 N/mm vs 218 ± 49 N/mm, P = .97) for the adjustable-loop cortical button and metallic interference screws, respectively, were not significantly different. Cyclic displacement was higher in the adjustable-loop cortical button group (2.1 ± 0.6 mm vs 1.3 ± 0.4 mm, P = .01). The mechanism of failure was different between groups, with bone block slippage occurring most commonly in the interference screw group (n = 5) and fracture of the bone block through the suture hole occurring most commonly in the adjustable-loop cortical button group (n = 6). Conclusion: Adjustable-loop cortical buttons and interference screws have similar time zero failure loads, although cyclic displacement was higher with the adjustable-loop cortical buttons. The mean difference in displacement was less than 1 mm compared with the interference screw. Clinical Relevance: Adjustable-loop cortical buttons may be an acceptable alternative to an interference screw for femoral fixation of bone-tendon-bone grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The clinical relevance of the observed differences in cyclic displacement is unknown and should be evaluated in future studies.
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Golz, Sabine I. "Buttons." SubStance 21, no. 2 (1992): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3684903.
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Hooper, Patricia. "Buttons." Hudson Review 54, no. 2 (2001): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3852647.
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Mommers, Elwin HH, Liu Hong, Audrey Jongen, and Nicole D. Bouvy. "Baseline performance of the ischaemic button model for induction of adhesions in laboratory rats." Laboratory Animals 53, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677218773116.
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The ischaemic button model is frequently used for the induction of adhesions in laboratory rats. Male rats are often used because of the common belief that the peritesticular (intra-abdominal) fat in males facilitates adhesion formation, although this theory is not evidence based. Comparing the model’s performance in both sexes is an important aspect of refining animal experiments. The aim of this study is to compare baseline performance of the modified ischaemic button model in both male and female rats. Follow-up was 1 week and noted endpoints were intra-abdominal adhesion formation and differences in welfare assessment. A total of 192 ischaemic buttons (96 male/96 female) were created in 24 Wistar Han rats (12 male/12 female). After 1 week of follow-up, 93 buttons survived in the male group (96.9%) compared with 91 in the female group (94.8%) (p = 0.409). In the male group, 85 out of 93 (91.4%) buttons induced adhesions compared with 84 out of 91 (92.3%) in the female group (p = 0.881). All but one animal had a Zühlke score of 3. There were no clinically relevant differences in welfare scores. Male animals increased in weight significantly faster compared to females (p < 0.001), after correcting for physiological growth. The ischaemic button model resulted in equal quality and quantity of intra-abdominal adhesions in both male and female Wistar Han rats. Both male and female Wistar Han rats are suitable for the induction of experimental adhesions in the ischaemic button model.
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Lau, Brian, Hunter Storaci, Kaysie Tam, Cara Lai, Brett P. Salazar, Roberto Guzman, David E. Oji, and Loretta B. Chou. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Suture Button Spread with and without Deltoid Repair in Combined Syndesmosis and Deltoid Injury." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00314.
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Category: Sports; Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Syndesmosis injuries are common and frequently occur with deltoid injuries but optimal repair remains controversial. Prior biomechanical studies have demonstrated that 1 and 2 suture buttons are equivalent to screw fixation and that parallel or divergent suture buttons are equivalent to single suture button. Prior studies, however, created constructs with suture buttons within 1cm from each other (2-3cm from joint surface). Additionally, the role of deltoid injury and repair have not been evaluated in conjunction with syndesmosis injury and repair. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically compare a narrow vs spread 2-suture button construct with and without a deltoid repair. Methods: Four matched lower leg specimens (8 total specimens) aged mean 60.2 years (range 57-66 years; 6 females and 2 males; mean BMI 21.1) were tested. Ankle motion under cyclic loading was measured in multiple planes: first in the intact state, following simulated syndesmosis and deltoid injury, then following fixation with 1 of 2 randomly assigned constructs: 2 parallel suture buttons at 2 and 3cm from joint line (narrow); and 2 parallel suture buttons at 1 and 4cm from joint line (spread), and then finally following a deltoid repair with each construct. Each state was tested at a constant 750 N axial compressive force and 5N internal/external torque. Rotation position (degrees) and anterior-posterior displacement (mm) were collected throughout the testing to characterize relative spatial relationships of the tibiofibular articulation using 3D video capture technology. Results: Narrow and spread 2-suture button constructs improved rotation and translation compared to cut state (p<0.05) but not to intact state (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in rotation or translation between Narrow and Spread constructs (p>0.05). The addition of a deltoid repair did not improve rotation or translation compared to syndesmosis repair with either construct alone (p>0.05). Conclusion: The preliminary results of this study suggest that constructs with suture button placed close together or spread apart during fixation of combined syndesmosis and deltoid injury could improve rotation and translation equally. Additionally, in a combined syndesmosis and deltoid injury, the addition of a deltoid repair to a syndesmosis repair did not strengthen the construct. These findings suggest that repair of syndesmosis alone may be sufficient in combined syndesmosis and deltoid injuries. Additional matched samples will be tested to validate preliminary findings.
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Baluk, Peter, Jonas Fuxe, Hiroya Hashizume, Talia Romano, Erin Lashnits, Stefan Butz, Dietmar Vestweber, et al. "Functionally specialized junctions between endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels." Journal of Experimental Medicine 204, no. 10 (September 10, 2007): 2349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20062596.
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Recirculation of fluid and cells through lymphatic vessels plays a key role in normal tissue homeostasis, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Despite recent advances in understanding lymphatic function (Alitalo, K., T. Tammela, and T.V. Petrova. 2005. Nature. 438:946–953), the cellular features responsible for entry of fluid and cells into lymphatics are incompletely understood. We report the presence of novel junctions between endothelial cells of initial lymphatics at likely sites of fluid entry. Overlapping flaps at borders of oak leaf–shaped endothelial cells of initial lymphatics lacked junctions at the tip but were anchored on the sides by discontinuous button-like junctions (buttons) that differed from conventional, continuous, zipper-like junctions (zippers) in collecting lymphatics and blood vessels. However, both buttons and zippers were composed of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and tight junction–associated proteins, including occludin, claudin-5, zonula occludens–1, junctional adhesion molecule–A, and endothelial cell–selective adhesion molecule. In C57BL/6 mice, VE-cadherin was required for maintenance of junctional integrity, but platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule–1 was not. Growing tips of lymphatic sprouts had zippers, not buttons, suggesting that buttons are specialized junctions rather than immature ones. Our findings suggest that fluid enters throughout initial lymphatics via openings between buttons, which open and close without disrupting junctional integrity, but most leukocytes enter the proximal half of initial lymphatics.
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Hamer, P. J. C. "Modelling the effects of sowing date and plant density on the yield and timing of development of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea)." Journal of Agricultural Science 124, no. 2 (April 1995): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600072920.
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SUMMARYThe effect of sowing date and plant density are modelled in relation to three variables: Ym, the maximum yield the crop can produce; τ, the interval from sowing to Yb/Ym = 0·5 where Yb is the yield of Brussels sprout buttons and Nb, the number of buttons on a plant stem. Ym is well related to the quantity of solar energy which the crop intercepts during the main period of growth. The fraction of radiation intercepted by the crop canopy is related to leaf area index (L) and sub-models relate L to sowing date and plant density. An empirically derived parameter relates the value of τ to thermal time and photoperiod time. The time course of Nb is modelled relative to the number of buttons at the end of the growing season. To overcome influence of site, variety and season, a generalized equation relates Nb, to plant density and a ‘known’ number of buttons at a specified planting density. The yield of buttons in specific size ranges (required for marketing) is described by a normal distribution with the standard deviation (σ) representing the spread of button diameter. There were no obvious effects of sowing date and plant density on σ. The model enables the effects of sowing date and plant density to be simulated using only simple and easily understood parameters. A sample simulation is presented.
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Toshniyozov, Lazizjon, and Muhriddin Mamatov. "Analysis of drill bit speed in bit-rock interaction with the use of numerical simulation methods." E3S Web of Conferences 201 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020101006.
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Bit-rock interaction while drilling wells using numerical simulation methods is analyzed in the article. The effect of the location of the buttons relative to the destruction of the rock, the influence of the structure on the total speed of the drill bit was considered. The total bit velocity was investigated by comparing the results of modeling the operation of the industry bit and the optimized bit. Using methods of numerical modeling allowed creating an atmosphere of the drilling process in a computer environment, where the destruction of rock using a rock cutting tool was analyzed. Due to the pairwise positioning of the buttons in the optimized bit modeled in the ANSYS program, the number of buttons decreased by 13 pieces and the performance of the bit increased significantly. The optimized bit demonstrates more intense penetration into the rock and obvious fragmentation on the rock surface. A drill bit with a pair of buttons rotates more intensively and acts on the cross-sectional area of the rock with values greater than a bit with button of a conventional location. Rising values of the total velocity on the graph signal the dynamic movements of the rock cutting tool.
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Sorensen, Roy. "Unknowable Obligations." Utilitas 7, no. 2 (November 1995): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800002077.
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You face two buttons. Pushing one will destroy Greensboro. Pushing the other will save it. (Sorry, doing nothing also destroys Greenboro.) There is no way for you to know which button saves and which destroys. What ought you to do? Answer: You ought to make the correct guess and push the button that saves Greensboro. Second question: Do you have an obligation to push the correct button?
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Luff, D. A., A. Kam, I. A. Bruce, and D. J. Willatt. "Nasal septum buttons: symptom scores and satisfaction." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, no. 12 (December 2002): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221502761698720.
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Patients with symptomatic septal perforations require treatment, with many surgeons advocating primary treatment with an obturator if conservative measures fail. Twenty nasal Button Outcome Questionnaires were sent to patients who had undergone insertion of a septal button between 1990 and 2000 in our unit. Fourteen questionnaires were returned. This study reveals that despite a reduction in symptom score in nine patients, septal buttons are poorly tolerated by patients with only 45 per cent of obturators ultimately being in situ. In view of these findings, patients are now offered a choice between primary surgical and mechanical closure in our unit.
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Javed, S., D. Gheorghiu, and M. Walton. "Subpectoral biceps tenodesis using a novel anterior cortical button technique." Shoulder & Elbow 10, no. 4 (June 4, 2018): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573218778799.
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Background Various surgical treatments are described in the literature for biceps pathology. Method The techniques currently described for subpectoral tenodesis involve the use of suture anchors, interference screws, bicortical suture buttons or unicortical suture buttons. Results A review of 31 patients with a subpectoral biceps tenodesis using the anterior cortical button technique is presented. Conclusions We describe a novel technique, which provides an opportunity to obtain a robust cortical and intramedullary tenodesis, performed under direct vision without the risk of drilling the far cortex and therefore avoiding any potential for neurological injury. There is no cortical implant, which may lead to a diaphyseal stress riser and subsequent fracture risk.
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Lehtonen, Eva J., Martim C. Pinto, Harshadkumar A. Patel, Nicholas Dahlgren, Eildar Abyar, and Ashish Shah. "Syndesmotic Fixation With Suture Button: Neurovascular Structures at Risk: A Cadaver Study." Foot & Ankle Specialist 13, no. 1 (February 2, 2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640019826699.
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Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the anatomic variations in the saphenous nerve and risk of direct injury to the saphenous nerve and greater saphenous vein during syndesmotic suture button fixation. Methods: Under fluoroscopic guidance, syndesmotic suture buttons were placed from lateral to medial at 1, 2, and 3 cm above the tibial plafond on 10 below-knee cadaver leg specimens. The distance and position of each button from the greater saphenous vein and saphenous nerve were evaluated. Results: The mean distance of the saphenous nerve to the suture buttons at 1, 2, and 3 cm were 7.1 ± 5.6, 6.5 ± 4.6, and 6.1 ± 4.2, respectively. Respective rate of nerve compression was as follows, 20% at 1 cm, 20% at 2 cm, and 10% at 3 cm. Mean distance of the greater saphenous vein from the suture buttons at 1, 2, and 3 cm was 8.6 ± 7.1, 9.1 ± 5.3, and 7.9 ± 4.9 mm, respectively. Respective rate of vein compression was 20%, 10%, and 10%. A single nerve branch was identified in 7 specimens, and 2 branches were identified in 3 specimens. Conclusion: There was at least one case of injury to the saphenous vein and nerve at every level of button insertion at a rate of 10% to 20%. Neurovascular injury may occur despite vigilant use of fluoroscopy and adequate surgical technique. Further investigation into the use of direct medial visualization of these high-risk structures should be done to minimize the risk. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II: Prospective, comparative study
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"Share Buttons." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 1 (March 14, 2013): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8s60z.
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DuCharme, Mark. "Pushing Buttons." American Book Review 27, no. 5 (2006): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2006.0093.
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Ho, Chrystal. "Coat Buttons." Manoa 35, no. 2 (2023): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2023.a917298.
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Permyakov, Sergei E., Eugene A. Permyakov, and Vladimir N. Uversky. "Intrinsically disordered caldesmon binds calmodulin via the “buttons on a string” mechanism." PeerJ 3 (September 22, 2015): e1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1265.
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We show here that chicken gizzard caldesmon (CaD) and its C-terminal domain (residues 636–771, CaD136) are intrinsically disordered proteins. The computational and experimental analyses of the wild type CaD136and series of its single tryptophan mutants (W674A, W707A, and W737A) and a double tryptophan mutant (W674A/W707A) suggested that although the interaction of CaD136with calmodulin (CaM) can be driven by the non-specific electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged molecules, the specificity of CaD136-CaM binding is likely to be determined by the specific packing of important CaD136tryptophan residues at the CaD136-CaM interface. It is suggested that this interaction can be described as the “buttons on a charged string” model, where the electrostatic attraction between the intrinsically disordered CaD136and the CaM is solidified in a “snapping buttons” manner by specific packing of the CaD136“pliable buttons” (which are the short segments of fluctuating local structure condensed around the tryptophan residues) at the CaD136-CaM interface. Our data also show that all three “buttons” are important for binding, since mutation of any of the tryptophans affects CaD136-CaM binding and since CaD136remains CaM-buttoned even when two of the three tryptophans are mutated to alanines.
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Wang, Xiaomin, and Zenaida T. Estil. "Button Defect Detection System Using YOLO Algorithm." Journal of Smart Cities 7, no. 1 (2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/jsc.2022.01.001.
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As an indispensable accessory in clothing, the quality of buttons will directly affect the sales of clothing.This research aims to realize the button defect detection system based on YOLO algorithm. After the implementation of the system, it is only need to collect a batch of button sample images, train the model, transmit it to the system, and call the button defect system, and the system will automatically identify the defects in the button. The use of button defect detection system can greatly reduce the labor force and detection error rate.
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Scott, Alan C., Linda Myers, Janet M. Barlow, and Billie Louise Bentzen. "Accessible Pedestrian Signals." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1939, no. 1 (January 2005): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193900109.
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Push-button–integrated accessible pedestrian signals (APSs) provide audible information from the push-button housing on both the location of the push button and the onset of walk intervals. APS systems must provide clear, unambiguous information on which crosswalk has the walk interval. Push buttons in the United States, including push-button– integrated APSs, are inconsistently located, and APSs do not use consistent sounds to convey the “Walk” indication. The present research (NCHRP Project 3-62) investigated the effects of push-button placement and the type of audible “Walk” indication on visually or cognitively impaired participants’ ability to determine which of two streets had the “Walk” signal. Participants performed this task most quickly and most accurately when each push-button–integrated APS was mounted on its own pole, the poles were placed along the outer line (farthest from the center of the intersection) of the associated crosswalk, each pole was located within a few feet of the curb, and the audible “Walk” indication from each APS was a fast tick (percussive sound) at 10 repetitions per second. The results further indicate that where two push buttons are installed on a single pole, verbal “Walk” messages (e.g., “Seventh; walk sign is on to cross Seventh”) result in greater accuracy than two different sounds (fast tick and cuckoo) to signal the two crossings.
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Cheng, Wen-Wei, and Liwei Chan. "BodyTouch." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 7, no. 4 (December 19, 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3631426.
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This paper presents a study on the touch precision of an eye-free, body-based interface using on-body and near-body touch methods with and without skin contact. We evaluate user touch accuracy on four different button layouts. These layouts progressively increase the number of buttons between adjacent body joints, resulting in 12, 20, 28, and 36 touch buttons distributed across the body. Our study indicates that the on-body method achieved an accuracy beyond 95% for the 12- and 20-button layouts, whereas the near-body method only for the 12-button layout. Investigating user touch patterns, we applied SVM classifiers, which boost both the on-body and near-body methods to support up to the 28-button layouts by learning individual touch patterns. However, using generalized touch patterns did not significantly improve accuracy for more complex layouts, highlighting considerable differences in individual touch habits. When evaluating user experience metrics such as workload perception, confidence, convenience, and willingness-to-use, users consistently favored the 20-button layout regardless of the touch technique used. Remarkably, the 20-button layout, when applied to on-body touch methods, does not necessitate personal touch patterns, showcasing an optimal balance of practicality, effectiveness, and user experience without the need for trained models. In contrast, the near-body touch targeting the 20-button layout needs a personalized model; otherwise, the 12-button layout offers the best immediate practicality.
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Matsumaru, Takafumi, and Kosuke Akai. "Functions of Mobile-Robot Step-On Interface." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 2 (April 20, 2009): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0267.
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To improve HFAMRO-1 mobile robot maneuverability and safety, we added a step-on interface (SOI) to direct robotic or mechatronic tasks and operations (HFAMRO: “human-friendly amusing” mobile robot). To do so, a projector displays a direction screen on a floor or other surface, and an operator specifies a button showing the selected movement by stepping or pointing. We modified the direction screen so that among buttons displayed on two lines, stepped-on buttons directing movement are displayed only on the lower line. We also shortened retention time and had selected movement executed only when the foot was removed from the stepped-on button. The robot has 2 SOIs and multiple projection screens, and can be controlled from either direction for the same function. We synchronized direction and preliminary-announcement screens to inform passers-by which way the robot would move. Using range scanner data, the robot distinguishes feet from other objects based on size and autonomous movement fusion control to avoid obstacles is implemented.
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A. Karthikeyan and R. BIL4SKARAN. "NEW RECORD OF COCHLIOBOS HAWAIIENSIS ALCORN ASSOCIATED WITH BUTTON SHEDDING AND PREMATURE NUTFALL IN COCONUT IN INDIA." CORD 12, no. 01 (December 1, 1996): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v12i01.298.
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From the shed buttons and immature nuts of coconut, a jungus was isolated which on artificial inoculation in coconut bunches of varying ages caused button shedding and premature nutfall. The fungus was identified as Cochliobolus hawaiiensis Alcorn. Buttons up to 4 months age were susceptible to the fungus. Among the thirteen coconut genotypes studied, infection was high in Lakshadweep Micro, Lakshadweep Ordinary an d East Coast Tall x Malaysian Green Dwarf (ECT x MGD). Carboxin 75 WP (500 ppm and above), mancozeb and copper oxy chloride (1000 ppm and above) completely inhibited the mycelial growth of C hawaiiensis under in vitro conditions. In Vivo, mancozeb (0.2%) was very effective for the control of the disease.
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Watti, Jezdancher, Máté Millner, Kata Siklósi, Hedvig Kiss, Oguz Kelemen, and Dávid Pócs. "Smokers’ Engagement Behavior on Facebook: Verbalizing and Visual Expressing the Smoking Cessation Process." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 9983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169983.
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The “processes of change” and “motivational language” are common in smoker Facebook users’ comments under smoking cessation support contents. Smokers can combine this verbalization of the smoking cessation process with visual expression when they use comments and Facebook reactions at the same time. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between processes of change, motivational language, and the Facebook reaction buttons. A total of 821 smokers’ comments were analyzed in the current study (n = 821), which responded to image-based smoking cessation support contents. The processes of change and the motivational language used in the investigated comments were identified. These linguistic categories were compared with the usage of reaction buttons. The Facebook users who used the “Haha” reaction button wrote a significantly higher proportion of sustain talk than those who used the “Like” or “Love” reaction buttons. The Facebook users who combined the comment and “Love” reaction wrote significantly more change talk than those who did not utilize these buttons. We suggest that the “Haha” reaction may be a negative indicator, the “Like” reaction may be a neutral indicator, and the “Love” reaction may be a positive engagement indicator in terms of the smoking cessation process during Facebook-based interventions. These results may highlight how to evaluate Facebook reactions relating to smoking cessation support contents.
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Putra, Kriswandy, Putri Welda Utami Ritonga, and Haslinda Z. Tamin. "Custom ocular prosthesis with modification in impression and iris button for rehabilitation of post-enucleation eye defect: a case report." Indonesian Journal of Prosthodontics 3, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46934/ijp.v3i2.144.
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Loss of eye have physiologic and social impact on patients, especially in pediatric patients. To overcome this problem ocular prosthesis can be made similar with the color, shape, size and movement of the patient’s eye, so the ocular prosthesis can look like natural eye. The various methods, techniques and concepts documented in this case re-port with modifications to the physiologic impression and making of iris buttons aim to get the better movement of the prosthesis and 3D profile of the iris. A 6-years-old female patient came to the USU Dental Hospital to fabricate a new eye prosthesis. The patient had a medical history of retinoblastoma at the age of 2 years and had enucleation surgery. The eye is rehabilitated with fabrication of a custom ocular prosthesis with modifications on physiologic im-pression and iris button making. Modifications to physiologic impression and modifications to the fabrication of iris buttons will provide movement, shape and 3D effects of iris that are better than stock eye prosthesis. It is concluded that custom ocular prosthesis with modification on physiologic impression provide a better and more natural move-ment. While modification on making iris button using customized iris button cuvette will facilitate the process of ma-king iris button.
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Lotts, Megan, and Tara Maharjan. "Outreach, engagement, learning, and fun in 60 seconds: Button making at the Rutgers University Libraries." College & Research Libraries News 79, no. 7 (July 5, 2018): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.79.7.364.
Full textAbstract:
In the fall of 2016, the Rutgers University Libraries (RUL)-New Brunswick Learning and Engagement team spent $580 to purchase a button maker and supplies to make 1,000 buttons. Since then, the libraries have collaborated on button projects with many departments on campus, including the Rutgers Art History Student Association, the Zimmerli Art Museum, and the School of Arts and Sciences Honors program. These partnerships have helped the libraries build strong ties with the Rutgers-New Brunswick communities and attracted a devoted group of button makers who regularly attend library events.
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King, Kira S., Elizabeth Boling, Janet Annelli, Marty Bray, Dulce Cardenas, and Theodore Frick. "Relative Perceptibility of Hypercard Buttons Using Pictorial Symbols and Text Labels." Journal of Educational Computing Research 14, no. 1 (January 1996): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wk4d-wayj-grem-8fj4.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the comparative perceptibility of hypertext navigation buttons in three configurations: buttons with both pictorial symbols and text labels, with text labels only, and with pictorial symbols only. An instructional HyperCard stack was created in three versions, each differing only in the type of buttons used. Subjects were given typical situated tasks which required them to interpret navigational functions of various buttons. Findings indicated that buttons with both pictorial symbols and text labels resulted in significantly less user confusion than did buttons with pictorial symbols only. Buttons with text labels only also produced significantly less confusion, compared to those with pictorial symbols only. These findings have practical implications for hypertext designers. Many extant stacks typically use buttons with pictorial symbols only, which may create user confusion during stack navigation.