Academic literature on the topic 'Buttocks muscles'
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Journal articles on the topic "Buttocks muscles"
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Hwang, Sung Jae, Hilton Kaplan, Gerald E. Loeb, Han Sung Kim, and Young Ho Kim. "Pressure Distributions on the Buttocks and Thighs by Electrical Stimulation in the Sitting Posture." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.984.
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Pressure distributions on the buttocks and thighs by the functional electrical stimulation on the gluteus maximus, sartorius and hamstring in the seating posture were analyzed for ten healthy young volunteers in order to determine which muscle can be stimulated for pressure ulcer prevention. Muscles were stimulated every 5 seconds over 30 seconds by the MP150 stimulator. Pressure distribution and ground reaction forces on the stimulated buttocks and thighs increased when the gluteus maximus was stimulated. Pressure on the stimulated thigh slightly decreased when stimulating sartorius and hamstring individually. With a simultaneous stimulation of the gluteus maximus and sartorius, pressures on the stimulated buttocks and thighs increased significantly, but pressure on the opposite buttock decreased significantly. With a simultaneous stimulation of the sartorius and hamstring, both pressure on the stimulated thigh and the ground reaction force significantly decreased.
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Chugay, Nikolas V. "Modifications of Buttock Augmentation." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 14, no. 4 (December 1997): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689701400406.
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The traditional method of buttock enlargement, which involves making an incision in the lower portion of the buttocks in the infragluteal fold, frequently results in secondary infections and long recovery times. Because of the proximity of the incision to the rectum and the pressure on the incision, the patient usually requires several days of bed rest. In some instances, it is necessary to remove an otherwise satisfactory implant to correct an infection. The author has overcome this problem by placing the incision in the center of the buttock in the intergluteal fold. A custom-designed solid silicon prosthesis is then placed between the gluteus medius and the gluteus maximus in a space provided by the anatomical design of these two large muscles. The gluteus also provides a good sling for the prosthesis, thus preventing future drooping of the prosthesis. More than 20 buttock enlargements have been successfully performed using this technique with no major complications. Use of this new technique decreases the risk of infection from the anal region and produces a softer, more natural look. This technique is also resistant to possible rupture such as may occur with a nonsolid gel silicone augmentation.
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Akyol, Betül. "The Relationship Between Walk Distance and Muscle Strength, Muscle Pain in Visually Disabled People." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 4 (March 16, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i4.3043.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between six-minute walk test and muscle pain, muscle strength in visually disabled people. The study includes 50 visually disabled people, aged between 17, 21 ± 5,3. Participants were classified into three categories according to their degree of vision (B1, B2, B3). All participants were administered to six-minute walk test, muscle test and muscle pain threshold test.In B2 and B3 group there is significant moderate correlation between the walk distance and muscles. There were significant differences in pain threshold of quadriceps, pain threshold of hamstring and pain threshold of tibialis anterior among the groups. The data were evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 package software, and the level of significance was taken as p < 0.005.When the visually disabled people were classified according to their visual degree, it was noticed that visual area is important while walking. Muscle power is thought to be effective in walking ability. The muscles of the legs, backs and buttocks act as they walk and allow them to stay in balance. In addition to the muscular strength, people with muscle pain do not want to continue walking because they are feeling pain in their muscles as they walk.As a result, if we want to increase walking distance, which is an important part of daily life activities of visually impaired individuals, an exercise program should be organized to strengthen muscle groups that are effective in walking and to rehabilitate painful muscles.
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Solis, Leandro R., Daniel P. Hallihan, Richard R. E. Uwiera, Richard B. Thompson, Enid D. Pehowich, and Vivian K. Mushahwar. "Prevention of pressure-induced deep tissue injury using intermittent electrical stimulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 5 (May 2007): 1992–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01092.2006.
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Pressure ulcers develop due to morphological and biochemical changes triggered by the combined effects of mechanical deformation, ischemia, and reperfusion that occur during extended periods of immobility. The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of a novel electrical stimulation technique in the prevention of deep tissue injury (DTI). We propose that contractions elicited by intermittent electrical stimulation (IES) in muscles subjected to constant pressure would induce periodic relief in internal pressure; additionally, each contraction would also restore blood flow to the tissue. The application of constant pressure to the quadriceps muscles of rats generated a DTI that affected 60 ± 15% of the compressed muscle as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast, in the groups of rats that received IES at 10- and 5-min intervals, DTI of the muscle was limited to 16 ± 16 and 25 ± 13%, respectively. Injury to the muscle was corroborated by histology. In an experiment with a human volunteer, compression of the buttocks reduced the oxygenation level of the muscles by ∼4%; after IES, oxygenation levels increased by ∼6% beyond baseline. Concurrently, the surface pressure profiles of the loaded muscles were redistributed and the high-pressure points were reduced during each IES-induced contraction. The results of this study indicate that IES significantly reduces the amount of DTI by increasing the oxygen available to the tissue and by modifying the pressure profiles of the loaded muscles. This presents a promising technique for the prevention of pressure ulcers in immobilized and/or insensate individuals.
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Gefen, A., N. Gefen, E. Linder-Ganz, and S. S. Margulies. "In Vivo Muscle Stiffening Under Bone Compression Promotes Deep Pressure Sores." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 3 (January 31, 2005): 512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1894386.
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Pressure sores (PS) in deep muscles are potentially fatal and are considered one of the most costly complications in spinal cord injury patients. We hypothesize that continuous compression of the longissimus and gluteus muscles by the sacral and ischial bones during wheelchair sitting increases muscle stiffness around the bone-muscle interface over time, thereby causing muscles to bear intensified stresses in relentlessly widening regions, in a positive-feedback injury spiral. In this study, we measured long-term shear moduli of muscle tissue in vivo in rats after applying compression (35 KPa or 70 KPa for 1∕4–2 h, N=32), and evaluated tissue viability in matched groups (using phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin histology, N=10). We found significant (1.8-fold to 3.3-fold, p<0.05) stiffening of muscle tissue in vivo in muscles subjected to 35 KPa for 30 min or over, and in muscles subjected to 70 KPa for 15 min or over. By incorporating this effect into a finite element (FE) model of the buttocks of a wheelchair user we identified a mechanical stress wave which spreads from the bone-muscle interface outward through longissimus muscle tissue. After 4 h of FE simulated motionlessness, 50%–60% of the cross section of the longissimus was exposed to compressive stresses of 35 KPa or over (shown to induce cell death in rat muscle within 15 min). During these 4 h, the mean compressive stress across the transverse cross section of the longissimus increased by 30%–40%. The identification of the stiffening-stress-cell-death injury spiral developing during the initial 30 min of motionless sitting provides new mechanistic insight into deep PS formation and calls for reevaluation of the 1 h repositioning cycle recommended by the U.S. Department of Health.
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Tachibana, Kazuhiro, Noriyuki Ueki, Takuji Uchida, and Hiroshi Koga. "Randomized Comparison of the Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture, Massage, and Tachibana-Style-Method on Stiff Shoulders by Measuring Muscle Firmness, VAS, Pulse, and Blood Pressure." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/989705.
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To compare the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture, massage, and Tachibana-Ryojutsu (one of Japanese traditional body balance therapy techniques (SEITAI)), on stiff shoulders, the subjects’ muscle firmness, blood pressure, pulse, VAS, and body temperature were measured before and after the treatment. Forty-seven volunteer subjects gave written informed consent to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups to receive acupuncture, massage, or Tachibana-Ryojutsu. Each therapy lasted for 90 seconds. The acupuncture treatment was applied by a retaining-needle at GB-21, massage was conducted softly on the shoulders, and Tachibana-Ryojutsu treated only the muscles and joints from the legs to buttocks without touching the shoulders or backs. The study indicated that the muscle firmness and VAS of the Tachibana-Ryojutsu group decreased significantly in comparison with the acupuncture and massage groups after treatment.
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Diaz Dilernia, Fernando, Ezequiel E. Zaidenberg, Sebastian Gamsie, Danilo E. R. Taype Zamboni, Guido S. Carabelli, Jorge D. Barla, and Carlos F. Sancineto. "Gluteal Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Pelvic Trauma." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2780295.
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Gluteal compartment syndrome (GCS) is extremely rare when compared to compartment syndrome in other anatomical regions, such as the forearm or the lower leg. It usually occurs in drug users following prolonged immobilization due to loss of consciousness. Another possible cause is trauma, which is rare and has only few reports in the literature. Physical examination may show tense and swollen buttocks and severe pain caused by passive range of motion. We present the case of a 70-year-old man who developed GCS after prolonged anterior-posterior pelvis compression. The physical examination revealed swelling, scrotal hematoma, and left ankle extension weakness. An unstable pelvic ring injury was diagnosed and the patient was taken to surgery. Measurement of the intracompartmental pressure was measured in the operating room, thereby confirming the diagnosis. Emergent fasciotomy was performed to decompress the three affected compartments. Trauma surgeons must be aware of the possibility of gluteal compartment syndrome in patients who have an acute pelvic trauma with buttock swelling and excessive pain of the gluteal region. Any delay in diagnosis or treatment can be devastating, causing permanent disability, irreversible loss of gluteal muscles, sciatic nerve palsy, kidney failure, or even death.
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Nonaka, Toshihiro, Motoki Sonohata, Shuhei Takeshita, Yosuke Oba, Yoshimasa Fujii, and Masaaki Mawatari. "Intramuscular Myxoma in the Supinator Muscle with Transient Postoperative Posterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy: A Case Report." Open Orthopaedics Journal 12, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001812010353.
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Background: Intramuscular myxomas are rare, benign mesenchymal tumors in the musculoskeletal system, and usually, the tumors arise in the large muscles of the thigh, buttocks, shoulder, and upper arm. However, a tumor of the forearm is very rare. Herein, we describe the case of an intramuscular myxoma in the supinator muscle of a 56-year-old female patient. Case Presentation: Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined mass that was hypointense with the peritumoral fat ring sign. The differential diagnoses might have been myxoma, schwannoma, or intramuscular hemangioma. The histopathological image showed abundant myxoid tissue, hypocellularity, and poor vascularization. The cells of the tumor were spindle and stellate-shaped with normochromic nuclei. Based on these findings, the pathological diagnosis was an intramuscular myxoma. After excising the tumor, the patient had transient posterior interosseous nerve palsy. Conclusion: This tumor is curative by resection in toto; however, when the tumor exists in the forearm, surgeons should be careful to avoid damaging surrounding tissues because the tumor is very hard and relatively large compared to the forearm.
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Uslianti, Silvia, Tri Wahyudi, Ratih Rahmahwati, and Adelia Tamala. "Rancang bangun meja dan kursi kerja untuk perbaikan postur kerja pada pekerja pengolah ikan berdasarkan pengukuran NBM dan RULA." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 12, no. 3 (November 9, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.2020.v12.i3.003.
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Slouching and squatting work postures in the fish cleaning process can cause skeletal muscle injury. Based on the results of previous research conducted by Adelia (2020), the results of the existing NBM show that workers have complaints in the muscles of the neck, arms, back, waist, buttocks, hands, wrists, thighs, knees, and feet. The result of total muscle complaints individual skeletal is 75, meaning that the existing work posture requires work improvement. Improvement of working posture can be done by designing work aids in the form of desks and chairs. The determination of the MSDs risk level category was carried out by identifying the skeletal muscle complaints felt by workers using a Nordic body map (NBM) questionnaire, a working posture assessment was carried out to determine the score level in work posture using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method with the help of CATIA V5R20 software. Assistive devices in the form of desks and work chairs are designed based on complaints experienced by workers and use the anthropometric approach in determining the dimensions of work aids. Based on the results of the implementation of work aids, there was a change in the score for skeletal muscle complaints and work posture. The results showed that the average NBM value of individual muscle complaints was 56.75, this is included in the moderate risk level and the results of the RULA analysis on the repair work posture experienced a change in the final score, namely 4 (yellow).
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Gefen, Amit, and Einat Haberman. "Viscoelastic Properties of Ovine Adipose Tissue Covering the Gluteus Muscles." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 6 (April 19, 2007): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2800830.
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Pressure-related deep tissue injury (DTI) is a life-risking form of pressure ulcers threatening immobilized and neurologically impaired patients. In DTI, necrosis of muscle and enveloping adipose tissues occurs under intact skin, owing to prolonged compression by bony prominences. Modeling the process of DTI in the buttocks requires knowledge on viscoelastic mechanical properties of the white adipose tissue covering the gluteus muscles. However, this information is missing in the literature. Our major objectives in this study were therefore to (i) measure short-term (HS) and long-term (HL) aggregate moduli of adipose tissue covering the glutei of sheep, (ii) determine the effects of preconditioning on HS and HL, and (iii) determine the time course of stress relaxation in terms of the transient aggregate modulus H(t) in nonpreconditioned (NPC) and preconditioned (PC) tissues. We tested 20 fresh tissue specimens (from 20 mature animals) in vitro: 10 specimens in confined compression for obtaining the complete H(t) response to a ramp-and-hold protocol (ramp rate of 300mm∕s), and 10 other specimens in swift indentations for obtaining comparable short-term elastic moduli at higher ramp rates (2000mm∕s). We found that HS in confined compression were 28.9±14.9kPa and 18.1±6.9kPa for the NPC and PC specimens, respectively. The HL property, 10.3±4.2kPa, was not affected by preconditioning. The transient aggregate modulus H(t) always reached the plateau phase (less than 10% difference between H(t) and HL) within 2min, which is substantially shorter than the times for DTI onset reported in previous animal studies. The short-term elastic moduli at high indentation rates were 22.6±10kPa and 15.8±9.4kPa for the NPC and PC test conditions, respectively. Given a Poisson’s ratio of 0.495, comparison of short-term elastic moduli between the high and slow rate tests indicated a strong deformation-rate dependency. The most relevant property for modeling adipose tissue as related to DTI is found to be HL, which is conveniently unaffected by preconditioning. The mechanical characteristics of white adipose tissue provided herein are useful for analytical as well as numerical models of DTI, which are essential for understanding this serious malady.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Buttocks muscles"
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Sole, Gisela, and n/a. "Neuromuscular control of thigh and gluteal muscles following hamstring injuries." University of Otago. School of Physiotherapy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081103.100628.
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Although traditional prevention and management strategies for hamstring injuries have focussed on optimising muscle strength, flexibility and endurance, incidence and/or recurrence rates of these injuries remains high. A theoretical framework was developed considering additional factors that increase the stabilising demand of the hamstrings. These factors included loss of related stability at the knee and lumbopelvic regions and extrinsic factors during functional and sporting activities. The aims of this research were to determine whether electromyographic (EMG) derived hamstrings, quadriceps and gluteal muscle activation patterns as well as isokinetic torque generation patterns could differentiate athletes who had incurred a hamstring injury from uninjured control athletes. It was hypothesised that the EMG activity of the injured participants would be decreased compared to uninjured control participants during maximal activities, but increased during weight bearing activities.
The research included the identification of laboratory-based tasks relevant to the function of the hamstring muscles; test-retest reliability of EMG variables recorded during these tasks; and a comparative cross-sectional study of hamstring-injured (hamstring group, HG) and control athletes (control group, CG). Electromyographic activation patterns were determined during assessment of concentric and eccentric isokinetic strength of the thigh muscles, during transition from double- to single-leg stance, and forward lunging.
Isokinetic and EMG onset and amplitude variables were compared both within- and between-groups. Despite no significant differences for peak torque, the HG injured limb generated lower average eccentric flexor torque towards the outer range of motion in comparison to the HG uninjured limb (P = 0.034) and the CG bilateral average (P = 0.025). Furthermore, the EMG root mean square (RMS) decrease from the start to the end range of the eccentric flexor contraction was greater for the HG injured limb hamstrings than the CG bilateral average.
During the transition from double- to single-leg stance, the EMG onsets of the HG injured limb (biceps femoris [BF] P < 0.001, medial hamstrings [MH] P = 0.001), and the HG uninjured limb (BF P = 0.023, MH P = 0.011) were earlier in comparison to the CG bilateral average. The transition normalised EMG RMS was significantly higher for the HG injured side BF (P = 0.032), MH (P = 0.039) and vastus lateralis (VL, P = 0.037) in comparison to the CG bilateral average. During the forward lunge, no significant differences were observed within- and between-groups for the normalised EMG amplitude prior to and following initial foot contact.
These results suggest that during maximal isokinetic eccentric flexor contractions, the average torque and EMG activity is decreased towards the lengthened position of the hamstring-injured limb. This may be due to structural changes or neurophysiological inhibitory mechanisms. During the static weight bearing task an earlier onset of the HG hamstring muscles was evident in comparison to controls. The hamstrings and the VL of the injured limbs were activated at greater normalised amplitude. The increased muscle activation in the hamstring-injured limbs during the support phase may indicate a greater demand towards stability of the kinetic chain or changes in proprioceptive function. Future research should consider the mechanisms and clinical implications underlying a loss of eccentric flexor torque towards the outer range of contraction, and investigate why increased activation of thigh muscles occurs during the static weight bearing task in hamstring-injured athletes.
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Myers, Renee Lynn. "Electromyographic analysis of the gluteal muscles during closed kinetic chain exercise." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Sieve, Kimberly Sue. "Electromyography measures of gluteus and hip muscle activation of recreational athletes during non-weight-bearing exercises." 2007. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-66). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Van, Doorene Kate. "A comparative study between sacroiliac adjustments and dry needling of the gluteus medius muscle in the treatment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5226.
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M.Tech.The aim of this research study was to determine the most effective way of treating sacroiliac joint dysfunction with associated gluteus medius trigger points, using adjusting of the sacroiliac joint or needling of the gluteus medius muscle or both. The participants were recruited randomly and placed in 3 different groups. Participants in group 1 were treated with an adjustment of the sacroiliac joint, as well as needling of the most prominent gluteus medius trigger point. Participants in group 2 were adjusted only and participants in group 3 were needled only. The treatment of the participants took place at the University of Johannesburg’s chiropractic day clinic. The objective data was acquired using a Digital Inclinometer to measure the ranges of motion at the spinal levels of the 5th lumbar vertebra and the first sacral vertebra (L5/ S1). An Algometer was used to measure the amount of pressure required to evoke pain, within the most prominent trigger point being treated. The subjective data was acquired using the Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire, as well as the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The results of the trial were of no statistical significance, but clinical improvement in both objective and subjective data was found. Group 2’s mean value percentage improvement was the greatest, when looking at range of motion. Group 1’s mean value percentage improvement was the greatest, with the Algometer and the subjective readings. The outcome of this study was that overall all three treatment protocols had a positive effect on the participants. Group 1 and group 2 had a slightly greater overall improvement. Thus it is suggested that when treating sacroiliac joint dysfunction with associated gluteus medius trigger points, the doctor can use an adjustment or adjusting with needling, both are effective. It is important to take the patients preference into account in order to make them feel at ease with the treatment they are receiving.
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Fava, Nicole M. "Comparison of gluteal muscle activity during running and hip muscle strength between individuals with normal and excessive navicular drop." 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
Full textBooks on the topic "Buttocks muscles"
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Takeuchi, Masanori. Chungnyŏn kŏn'gang ŏngdŏngi kŭnyuk i chwau handa. Kyŏnggi-do Koyang-si: Wijŭdŏm Sŭt'ail, 2012.
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Kellie, Davis, ed. Strong curves: A woman's guide to building a better butt and body. Las Vegas: Victory Belt Publishing Inc., 2013.
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Jean-Pierre, Clémenceau, ed. Delavier's sculpting anatomy for women: Core, butt, and legs. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2012.
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COMPLETE BOOK OF CORE TRAINING, THE: THE DEFINITIVE RESOURCE FOR SHAPING AND STRENGTHENING THE "CORE" -- THE MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN, BUTT, HIPS, AND LOWER BACK. Hyperion, 2006.
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Gibbons, John. The vital glutes: Connecting the gait cycle to pain and dysfunction. 2014.
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Shortcuts to a Sexy Body : 337 Ways to Trim, Tone, Camouflage, and Beautify. MJF Books, 2004.
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Shortcuts To Sexy Legs And Butt: 337 Ways To Trim, Tone, Camouflage And Beautify. Fair Winds Press, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Buttocks muscles"
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Lee, Christine U., and James F. Glockner. "Case 14.5." In Mayo Clinic Body MRI Case Review, edited by Christine U. Lee and James F. Glockner, 683–84. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199915705.003.0360.
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31-year-old man with quadriplegia after a motor vehicle accident now has a draining decubitus ulcer Axial FSE T1-weighted images (Figure 14.5.1) and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (Figure 14.5.2) demonstrate a large soft tissue defect in the left lower buttock extending to the ischial tuberosity. The ischial tuberosity shows abnormally decreased T1-signal intensity and increased T2-signal intensity. Note also the abnormally increased signal intensity in the adjacent left obturator externus muscle....
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Wallace, Daniel J., and Janice Brock Wallace. "What is the Autonomic Nervous System?" In All About Fibromyalgia. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195147537.003.0013.
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has already been introduced; let’s summarize what we know about it so far. Part of the peripheral nervous system, the ANS consists of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which consists of outflow from the thoracic and upper lumbar spine, and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), including outflow from the cranial nerves emanating from the upper spine and also from the mid-lumbar to the sacral areas at the buttock region. Several neurochemicals help transmit autonomic instructions. These include epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenalin), dopamine, and acetylcholine. This chapter will focus on how abnormalities in the regulation of the ANS cause many of the symptoms and signs observed in fibromyalgia. Our body has numerous receptors or surveillance sensors that detect heat, cold, and inflammation. These ANS sensors perform a function known as autoregulation. As an example of how the ANS normally works, why don’t we pass out when we suddenly jump out of bed? Because the ANS instantly constricts our blood vessels peripherally and dilates them centrally. In other words, as blood is pooled to the heart and the brain, the ANS adjusts our blood pressure and regulates our pulse, or heart rate, so that we don’t collapse. On the local level, these sensors dilate or constrict flow from blood vessels. They can secondarily contract and relax muscles, open and close lung airways, or cause us to sweat. For instance, ANS sensors can tone muscles, regulate urine, and regulate bowel movements, as well as dilate or constrict our pupils. The SNS arm of the ANS is our “fight or flight” system, releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine as well as a neurochemical called dopamine. Whereas the SNS often acts as an acute stress response, the PNS arm tends to protect and conserve body processes and resources. The SNS and PNS sometimes work at cross purposes, but frequently they work together to permit actions such as normal sexual functioning and urination. How do the workings of the ANS relate to fibromyalgia? The SNS is underactive in fibromyalgia in the sense that an increased ratio of excitatory to inhibitory responses from central sensitization results in lower blood flow rates, leaky capillaries, at relatively low baseline blood pressure.
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Heim, Michael. "The Art of Virtual Reality." In Virtual Realism. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104264.003.0008.
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The snow hits your windshield without mercy. The car’s headlights reveal nothing about the highway. You can only guess where the lanes are, where the shoulder begins, where the exit ramps might be. The blizzard has so iced the road that you crawl along at five miles an hour. Other travelers sit stranded in their cars off the road, lights dimming in the dark. Hours later, you flop exhausted on the bed. Tension tightens your shoulders and forehead. You close your eyes. On the back of your eyelids, everything appears again in startling detail: the swirling snowflakes, the headlights, the windshield wipers fighting the moisture — all in slow motion this very minute. . . . > Modern art objects had aesthetic appeal when the viewer could stand apart from them to appreciate their sensory richness, their expressive emotion, or their provocative attitude. Today, detached contemplation still holds antique charm, as the contemporary scene presents quite different circumstances. . . . Flashbacks, a kind of waking nightmare, often belong to your first experiences with virtual reality. Subtract the terror and sore muscles and you get an idea of how I felt after two and a half hours in the exhibit Dancing as the Virtual Dervish (Banff, Alberta). Even the next day, my optical nerves held the imprint of the brightly colored transhuman structures. I could summon them with the slightest effort—or see them sometimes in unexpected flashes of cyberspace. . . . > Art is coming to terms with interactivity, immersion, and information intensity. Aesthetics—the delighted play of the senses—cannot preserve its traditional detachment. The modern museum with its bright spaces and airy lighting is giving way to darkened rooms glowing with computer screens and hands-on buttons. . . . For hours, you feel a touch of perceptual nausea, a forewarning of the relativity sickness called AWS (Alternate World Syndrome) in my book The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality. Everything seems brighter, even slightly illusory. Reality afterwards seems hidden underneath a thin film of appearance. Your perceptions seem to float over a darker, unknowable truth. The world vibrates with the finest of tensions, as if something big were imminent, as if you were about to break through the film of illusion.
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Selikowitz, Mark. "Coordination and clumsiness." In Dyslexia and Other Learning Difficulties. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192622990.003.0017.
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Rachel is eight years old. She was slow to crawl and walk. She still cannot pedal a tricycle, fasten small buttons, or tie her laces. She is very poor at sports and is often teased by the other children for her awkward running style. She is a messy eater and washes herself and brushes her teeth with great difficulty. Her mother says that she has a poor sense of direction and still confuses right with left. Rachel’s school work is satisfactory. Her writing is untidy, but if she prints slowly it is legible. Rachel has been tested by a psychologist and found to have some visual perception difficulties, but to be of normal intelligence. Her reading, spelling, and arithmetic are in the average range. A paediatrician has examined Rachel and detected no abnormalities that can account for her clumsiness. The term ‘clumsiness’ will be used in this chapter to refer to unexplained, significant difficulties in the coordination of movement in a child of average, or above average, intelligence. This sort of clumsiness is commonly associated with other forms of specific learning difficulty, such as reading difficulty. This does not mean, however, that most children with specific learning difficulty are clumsy. Many are, in fact, well coordinated. But clumsiness is far more common in children with specific learning difficulty than in other children. Clumsiness is more common in boys and quite often runs in families. The word ‘motor’ is used for movement. Gross motor skills involve large groups of muscles responsible for activities such as walking, running, jumping, hopping, and bicycle riding. Fine motor skills involve the hands and fingers, and are concerned with activities such as writing, drawing, using scissors, and tying knots. There are a number of standardized tests of both gross and fine motor proficiency. These may be performed by a physiotherapist, an occupational therapist, or a doctor. Activities must be carefully observed to detect the presence of tremors and other unusual movements. Balance, strength, tone, reflexes, and ability to interpret certain sensations are all assessed. It is essential that rare, serious conditions associated with poor coordination are excluded by a doctor.
Conference papers on the topic "Buttocks muscles"
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Pallerla, Vinay Kumar, and Mohamed Samir Hefzy. "Relationship Between the Frictional Shear Stresses and the Normal Pressure on the Buttocks While Lying on a Spine Board." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11814.
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Abstract Cushions have been used on spine boards to reduce the interface pressure acting on the skin and thus prevent the formation of pressure ulcers. Several studies have focused on determining how using different types of cushions can reduce the normal interface pressure on the buttocks while lying on the spine boards. On the other hand, and while it has been agreed upon that the shear stresses contribute to the formation of pressure ulcers, this role has not been understood or quantified. The purpose of this work is to use 3-D finite element modeling to determine the contact frictional shear stresses at the buttocks while an individual is lying on a spine board when cushions of various stiffnesses are used. The Zygote Solid 3D Male Human Anatomy model was used to construct a 3D CAD model of a section of the human body in the pelvic region. Skin, fat, muscles and bones were identified in the model. The Zygote SolidWorks model, the HyperMesh finite element preprocessor, and the ABAQUS software were used to create the finite element model. Bones were considered as an elastic isotropic material whereas skin, fat and muscles were modeled using Hyperelastic Neo-Hookean materials. Results were obtained to find the effects of body weight on the shear stresses while a person is lying flat with his buttocks contacting the spine board. The results indicate that frictional skin shear stresses cannot be ignored since they were found to be, and depending on the cushion material, about 15% to 35% of the maximum normal pressure. We propose, and for the first time, a relationship to estimate the maximum shear stresses at the buttocks in terms of the maximum normal pressure for different Young’s moduli of cushions. These results can also be used as a guide to select cushion material that minimize normal and shear interface stresses.
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Tanaka, Eiichirou, Shozo Saegusa, Yasuo Iwasaki, and Louis Yuge. "Development of an ADL Assistance Apparatus for Upper Limbs and Evaluation of Muscle and Cerebral Activity." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34914.
Full textAbstract:
We developed an assistance apparatus for upper limbs for patients who can control their finger but they cannot lift up their arms themselves, for example myopathy and hemiplegic patients. The mechanism of assistance is utilized the differential gears to lose the weight and volume of the mechanical arm. That enabled us to configure three motors to drive two DOFs (Degrees of freedom) for the shoulder and one DOF for the elbow around the root of the mechanical arm. This arm has two support trays, for wrist and upper arm. Furthermore, to realize other ADL (activities of daily living) motions (for instance, eating, writing, putting on makeup, wiping his/her face, and so on) them selves, we proposed to control the device using the targeted posture map for the mechanical arm. To be able to choose the appropriate input for each patient, various input interfaces, for example, joy-stick, push buttons, sensor glove using bending sensors, and so on, are equipped. In general, even though a human behaves an atonic motion, the maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) outputs at least from 5 to 10%. The usage of this apparatus is to move the user’s upper limbs with dependence completely, and the purpose of this apparatus is to decrease the value of %MVC up to approximately 10%. Therefore, in this paper, the muscles of the user were evaluated with the ratio of %MVC. To confirm the effectiveness of assistance ability, we measured muscle activity while using the device, and compared the %MVC data between using the device or not. As a result, the activity decreased up to 80%, and the effectiveness of this device could be confirmed. Finally, to expand the usage of this apparatus to encompass Neuro-Rehabilitation as well, we measured cerebral activity while using the device for rehabilitation with a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Then we compared the data from using the device or not, and input motion from a third person. By using this device, the cerebral activity decreased especially when the target motion was complex. However, when the subject input the motion themselves, the cerebral activity increased more than when the data is input by a third person, especially, when the target motion was complex. Therefore, for use in Neuro-Rehabilitation, we found it is important the subject input the target motion him/herself.