Relevant bibliographies by topics / Butene

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Butene'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Butene"

1

Bachl, F., and H. D. Lüdemann. "Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Self-Diffusion in Liquid Linear Hydrocarbons." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-0711.

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The pressure and temperature dependence o f the self-diffusion coefficients D of n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-decane, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene and 2-butyne were determined in the liquid state by NM R-techniques at pressure up to 200 MPa and temperatures up to 450 K. The results are taken as tests for the various dynamical models and compared to results obtained by M D calculations. The activation parameters for translational transport and the parameters for the RHS-m odel are derived and discussed.
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BELELLI, PATRICIA G., and NORBERTO J. CASTELLANI. "A THEORETICAL STUDY OF UNSATURATED OLEFIN HYDROGENATION AND ISOMERIZATION ON Pd(111)." Surface Review and Letters 15, no. 03 (June 2008): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x08011329.

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The addition of hydrogen to the carbon–carbon double bond of 2-butenes adsorbed on Pd (111) was studied within the density functional theory (DFT) and using a periodic slab model. For that purpose, the Horiuti–Polanyi mechanisms for both complete hydrogenation and isomerization were considered. The hydrogenation of cis and trans-2-butene to produce butane proceeds via the formation of eclipsed and staggered-2-butyl intermediates, respectively. In both cases, a relatively high energy barrier to produce the half-hydrogenated intermediate makes the first hydrogen addition the slowest step of the reaction. The competitive production of trans-2-butene from cis-2-butene requires the conversion from the eclipsed-2-butyl to the staggered-2-butyl isomer. As the corresponding energy barrier is relatively small and because the first of these isomers is less stable than the second, an easy conversion is predicted.
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Shu, Miao, Chuang Shi, Jing Yu, Xiao Chen, Changhai Liang, and Rui Si. "Efficient selective hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol to 2-butene-1,4-diol by silicon carbide supported platinum catalyst." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 2 (2020): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy01877h.

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Manzanares I., Carlos, Victor M. Blunt, and Jingping Peng. "Spectroscopy of C-H stretching vibrations of gas-phase butenes: cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene." Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, no. 16 (April 1993): 3994–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100118a013.

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Bethardy, G. A., Xiaouang Wang, and David S. Perry. "The role of molecular flexibility in accelerating intramolecular vibrational relaxation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-090.

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Evidence is presented to show that intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) is faster in flexible molecules when the initially prepared vibration is close to the bond about which the large-amplitude motion occurs. In each of 1-pentyne, ethanol, and propargyl alcohol, IVR lifetimes are known for two different hydride stretches and in each molecule internal rotation connects gauche and trans conformers. In each case the vibration that is closer to the center of flexibility shows faster relaxation. This trend is supported by the available IVR lifetimes for other flexible molecules (hydrogen peroxide, 1-butene, n-butane, methyl formate, and propargyl amine) and for some "rigid" molecules (1-butyne, isobutane, propyne, trans-2-butene, and tert-butylacetylene). The lifetimes for the halogenated molecules, 2-fluoroethanol, 1,2-difluoroethane, trans-1-chloro-2-fluoroethane, and trifluoropropyne are all in the range expected for rigid molecules. An algorithm is presented for the consistent calculation of IVR lifetimes from discrete frequency-resolved spectra, which range from the sparse through intermediate coupling cases. Wherever possible, the reported lifetimes have been calculated (or recalculated) from the original line positions and intensities. The lifetimes may be compared directly to those deduced from homogeneously broadened spectral features with a Lorentzian contour.
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Rode, C. V., P. R. Tayade, J. M. Nadgeri, R. Jaganathan, and R. V. Chaudhari. "Continuous Hydrogenation of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol to 2-Butene- and Butane-1,4-diols." Organic Process Research & Development 10, no. 2 (March 2006): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op050216r.

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MANZANARES I., C., V. M. BLUNT, and J. PENG. "ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopy of C-H Stretching Vibrations of Gas-Phase Butenes: cis-2- Butene, trans-2-Butene, 2-Methyl-2-butene, and 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene." ChemInform 24, no. 32 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199332030.

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Krampera, František, and Ludvík Beránek. "Kinetics of individual reactions in reaction network 1-butanol-di-(1-butyl) ether-butenes-water on alumina." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 4 (1986): 774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19860774.

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The complex system of six reactions occurring when 1-butanol is dehydrated on alumina at 260 °C was investigated. Initial kinetics of 1-butanol, di-(1-butyl) ether and 1-butene transformations were analyzed and best fitting rate equations for all reactions were selected. The inhibiting effects of water on initial rates was quantitatively expressed. Very low conversion data provided additional evidence for the validity of the parallel-consecutive reaction network of alcohol dehydration. In all the alkene-forming reactions, 1-butene was the primary product which was then isomerized into a mixture of cis- and trans-2-butenes.
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Sánchez-García, José-Luis, Brent E. Handy, Ilse N. Ávila-Hernández, Angel G. Rodríguez, Ricardo García-Alamilla, and Maria-Guadalupe Cardenas-Galindo. "Structure, Acidity, and Redox Aspects of VOx/ZrO2/SiO2 Catalysts for the n-Butane Oxidative Dehydrogenation." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050550.

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ZrOx/SiO2 and VOx/ZrOx/SiO2 catalysts (5 wt %–25 wt % Zr, 4 wt % V) were prepared by grafting zirconium and vanadium alkoxides on Aerosil 380. All samples were characterized by temperature programmed reduction, N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and ammonia adsorption microcalorimetry. Tetragonal ZrO2 and zircon (ZrSiO4) were present at 25 wt % Zr, but only amorphous zirconia overlayer existed for lower loadings. At lower Zr loadings (5 wt %–10 wt % Zr), exposed silica surface leads to V2O5 crystallites and isolated VO4 species, although V reducibility behavior changes, from being similar to VOx/SiO2 (5 wt % Zr) to showing VOx/ZrO2 behavior at 10 wt % Zr, and a diminished total amount of reducible V. Highly acidic ZrO2 sites are covered by the vanadium grafting, forming weaker sites (60–100 kJ/mol NH3 adsorption strength). Catalytic conversion and selectivity for the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane (673 K, n-C4/O2 = 2.2) over VOx/ZrOx/SiO2 show that 1,3-butadiene is favored over cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene, although there is some selectivity to the 2-butenes when VOx/ZrO2 behavior is evident. At low Zr loadings, butadiene formed during reaction acts as the diene species in a Diels–Alder reaction and gives rise to a cyclic compound that undergoes further dehydrogenation to produce benzaldehyde.
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Agaguseynova, Minira M., Gunel I. Amanullayeva, and Zehra E. Bayramova. "CATALYSTS OF OXIDATION REACTION OF BUTENE-1 TO METHYLETHYLKETONE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186102.5693.

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The available and simple metal complex systems of catalytic oxidation of unsaturated hydrocarbons were developed. It is shown that these systems catalyze the selective liquid-phase oxidation of butene-1 to methyl ethyl ketone by molecular oxygen at low temperature. The best results were revealed using Cu(I)Cl monovalent chloride. The catalyst for the production of methylethylketone is a binary system containing complexes of copper and palladium chloride at a molar ratio of 2:1. Hexamethylphosphoramide is used as the ligand and palladium chloride complex as an additional complex contains benzonitrile. A combined catalyst has been offered. It allows to carry out the oxidation reaction of butene to methyl ethyl ketone under mild conditions (low temperature, atmospheric pressure) with high selectivity and yield of the desired product. The proposed binary system is able to coordinate molecular oxygen and butene-1, and thus it becomes possible to conduct the oxidation reaction not directly between butene-1 and O2, and using a specific complex catalyst system allowing them to react with each other in an activated coordinated state. Absorption properties of catalysts synthesized on the bases of transition metals have been studied and activation of molecular oxygen and butane-1 has been determined. As a result of interaction of coordinated oxygen and butane-1 it is possible to carry out oxidation reaction to methylethylketone in mild condition. The specific feature of the offered binary catalyst is irreversible absorption of molecular oxygen. Mild conditions of the reaction proceeding decreases considerably amount of by-products and simplify obtaining and separation of the main product-methylethylketone. Due to the fact that the absorption of O2 is irreversible and it is possible to easily remove the excess amount of O2 after the formation of the oxygen complex. The developed method has the advantage from the point of view of safety.Forcitation:Agaguseynova M.M., Amanullayeva G.I., Bayramova Z.E. Catalysts of oxidation reaction of butene-1 to methylethylketone. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 2. P. 53-57
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Butene"

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Hub, Serge. "Mecanismes d'hydrogenation des butene-1 et butyne-1 sur catalyseurs au palladium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13325.

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Ingham, Trevor. "The direct oxidation of trans-2-butene and iso-butene between 400 and 500 degrees centigrade." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296221.

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Cullen, Bernard. "Selective hydrogenation of a multifunctional compound : 2-butyne-1,4-diol to cis-2-butene-1,4-diol." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412969.

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Bruhn, Timm. "Rotationsspektroskopische und quantenchemische Studien zur Methyltorsion in halogenierten Dimethylethenen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962671681.

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Chakir, Abdelkhaleq. "Etude cinetique et modelisation du mecanisme d'oxydation a haute temperature de n-butane et de 1-butene." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066132.

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L'etude experimentale de l'oxydation du butane et du butene-1 a ete effectuee en reacteur auto-agite par jets gazeux dans un large domaine de conditions experimentales (900-1200 k, 1 a 10 atm, rapports d'equivalents oxygene-hydrocarbure 0,1-4)
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Agulló, Pastor Javier. "1-butene isomerisation over amorphous silica-alumina." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=189659.

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The dehydroxylation process of pseudo-boehmite to yield acidic amorphous silica-alumina has been investigated by increasing the temperature of the sample and recording DRIFTS spectra of its surface and monitoring the water released with an on-line mass spectrometer. The Brønsted and Lewis acid sites density of amorphous silica-alumina has been determined by IR-spectrometry of adsorbed pyridine and using molar extinction coefficients specific for this system for silica-alumina samples calcined at different temperatures. The deactivation profiles of 1-butene isomerisation (double-bond migration) over amorphous silica-alumina samples calcined at different temperatures have been acquired by using a fixed bed laboratory reactor coupled to a gas chromatograph with an automated sampling valve. The initial activities of amorphous silica-alumina calcined at different temperatures correlated with the Brønsted acid site density of the samples. The deactivation profiles are consistent with a reversible rehydration deactivation mechanism involving both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and simultaneous to an irreversible deactivation mechanism involving Lewis acid sites. Brønsted acid sites are considered to be the active sites of the reaction, whereas part of the Lewis acid sites is converted into Brønsted acid sites by rehydration.
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Harmse, Liesel. "Improvement of propylene yield via butene metathesis." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5323.

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Includes synopsis.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [96]-100).
There is an increasing interest in finding ways to produce on-purpose propene, due to the significant predicted propene growth in the next few years without the concomitant growth in the ethene demand, One of the technologies available is 1-butene metathesis, which describes a one-step process where isomerisation of 1-butene to 2-butene followed by cross-metathesis taking place. Products of the cross metathesis are propene and 2-pentene. In addition ethene and 3-hexene are expected as products of 1-butene metathesis.
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Stefanowicz-Pieta, Izabela. "1-butene isomerisation over silica-alumina catalyst." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487424.

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Reactions involving double-bond and skeletal isomerization of alkenes have been widely investigated, however, the relations between the activity and selectivity and strength or density of the acid sites are still not fully understood. Most authors believe that the reaction is catalysed by Bmnsted acid sites while others support the idea that Lewis sites can act in this reaction and discussion still exists as to the exact role of carbonaceous materials and of dimeric/ oligomeric intermediates. The double-bond isomerization of n-butene has been studied previously and it seems that an apparent correlation exists between selectivity and acidity or basicity of the catalyst. This reaction is considered to take place through a carboanionic or carbocationic mechanism. However until now the subject of surface acidity/basicity and its correlation with catalytic activity and also the mechanism of double bond isomerization reaction is still under debate. In order to investi~ate the correlation between activity and surface acidity silica-alumina catalysts were calcined at a range of temperature 300-550 °c in order to produce a series of samples with different Bmnsted and Lewis acid site densities. The numbe~ of acid sites was measured by combined FTIR/gravimetric measurements from the adsorption of2,6 and 2,4lutidine and pyridine. For each catalyst, a cycle of I-butene isomerization reactions was carried out. Reactions were performed using a fixed bed reactor under a constant flow of I ml/min of I-butene in total flow of the gases 100 ml/min. The only products of this reaction were cis-butene and trans-butene. This study indicates that amorphous silica-alumina is an active catalyst for double bond isomerization. In agreement with previously studies, no dimerization, oligomerization, coke or by-product formation was found under the reaction conditions selected. However deactivation is observed especially during the first 50 min of the reaction. The calculated activation energy of cis-butene formation was 48±5 kJ morl consistent with values reported in the literature. The work presented aims at establishing a relationships between the type, or types of acidity and number of sites, with the activity in the isomerisation reaction.
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Shen, Wei. "Alkylation of isobutane/1-butene over acid functionalized mesoporous materials." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27073/27073.pdf.

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Brandstädter, Willi Michael. "Partial oxidation of raffinate II and other mixtures of n-butane and n-butenes to maleic anhydride in a fixed-bed reactor." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987418661/04.

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Books on the topic "Butene"

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Houžvička, Jindřich. Skeletal isomerisation of n-butene: Activity, selectivity, and design of catalyst. [Leiden: University of Leiden, 1998.

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Minsker, K. S. Izobutilen i ego polimery. Moskva: "Khimii͡a︡", 1986.

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Sazak, B. Ftir study of the skeletal isomerisation reaction of 1-butene to isobutene on h-ferrierite. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.

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Saavedra, Rafa. Buten smileys. Playas de Tijuana, B.C: Yoremito, 1997.

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Buten smileys. México, D.F: Libros Malaletra, 2011.

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Butins. Rennes: La Part commune, 2013.

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The butane lighter hand grenade. El Dorado, AR: Desert Publications, 1995.

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Grimaldi, Aurelio. Le buttane. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1989.

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Kielhorn, J. 2-butenal. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008.

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Ferrellgas: The first 75 years, 1939-2014. Virginia Beach, VA: Donning Company Publishers, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Butene"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Butene." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 100. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1714.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Poly(1-butene)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 553. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8993.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Decene/Butene Copolymer." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 143. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2672.

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Gooch, Jan W. "2-Butene-1,4-diol." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 100. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1715.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Piperylene/Butene/Pentene Copolymer." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 431. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8016.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Poly(1-butene co ethylene)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 553. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8994.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "High pressure fluid phase equilibrium data of poly(1-butene) in 1-butene." In Polymer Solutions, 3066–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88057-8_614.

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Demaison, J. "400 C4H4 1-Butene-3-yne." In Asymmetric Top Molecules. Part 2, 273. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10400-8_148.

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Gooch, Jan W. "2,3-Dibromo-2-Butene-1,4-Diol." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 206. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3518.

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Demaison, J. "481 C4H8Se 3-Butene-1-selenol." In Asymmetric Top Molecules. Part 2, 394–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10400-8_229.

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Conference papers on the topic "Butene"

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Hoffman, James S., and Thomas A. Litzinger. "Oxidation of 1-Butene and n-Butane at Elevated Pressures." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/912317.

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Moloney, Francesca, Eydhah Almatrafi, D. Y. Goswami, and Elias Stefanakos. "Working Fluid Analysis for Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycles for Medium Geothermal Reservoir Temperatures." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3618.

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A steady state model of a supercritical organic Rankine cycle (SORC) was created in MATLAB and validated. Fluid properties were obtained using NIST REFPROP. Various working fluids were tested, including pentane (R601), isopentane (R601a), butane (R600), isobutane (R600a), butene, and cis-butene. Pentane and isopentane have not been of focus for SORCS at these temperatures. Varying turbine inlet temperatures ranging from 170 to 240°C were tested with the heat source provided by a medium temperature geothermal reservoir. A parametric analysis was performed on varying inlet pressure and turbine inlet temperature in comparison to first law efficiency, second law efficiency, effectiveness, and net work produced to analyze the overall and exergetic performance of each fluid. Optimum first law efficiency ranged from 17 to 22%. Cis-butene and pentane performed the best in all performance factors analyzed. Pentane and isopentane performed the best at pressures near or below their critical point. It was also found that near the critical temperature, a subcritical ORC has better performance than an SORC. This study is beneficial for not only geothermal energy but for applications that can provide operating temperatures between 170 to 240°C.
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Eng, L. M., H. Fuchs, K. D. Jandt, and J. Petermann. "Imaging Poly (1-Butene) Films by SFM/STM." In Scanned probe microscopy. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41420.

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Putri, Devi A., and Mardi Santoso. "Synthesis of hemiterpene 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-butene derivatives." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON CHEMISTRY. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0052509.

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Al Shoaibi, Ahmed, and Anthony M. Dean. "Kinetic Analysis of C4 Alkane and Alkene Pyrolysis: Implications for SOFC Operation." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65033.

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Pyrolysis experiments of isobutane, isobutylene, and 1-butene were performed over a temperature range of 550–750 °C and a pressure of ∼ 0.8 atm. The residence time was ∼ 5 s. The fuel conversion and product selectivity were analyzed at these temperatures. The pyrolysis experiments were performed to simulate the gas phase chemistry that occurs in the anode channel of a solid-oxide fuel cell. The experimental results confirm that molecular structure has a substantial impact on pyrolysis kinetics. The experimental data show considerable amounts of C5 and higher species (∼2.8 mole % with isobutane at 750 °C, ∼7.5 mole % with isobutylene at 737.5 °C, and ∼7.4 mole % with 1-butene at 700 °C). The C5+ species are likely deposit precursors. The results confirm that hydrocarbon gas phase kinetics have substantial impact on SOFC operation.
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Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura, René Androsch, and Maria Cristina Righetti. "The irreversible tetragonal to trigonal transformation in random butene-1/ethylene copolymers." In THE SECOND ICRANET CÉSAR LATTES MEETING: Supernovae, Neutron Stars and Black Holes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937318.

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Dasgupta, Chanchal. "New Materials for Protection of City Gas Distribution Networks." In ASME 2019 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2019-4520.

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Polyethylene pipes and Steel pipes with 3LPE coatings are integral part of a citygas distribution network. These are being used in India since late 80’s. Standard MDPE and HDPE materials are Butene copolymers of Ethylene, where Butene (C4) is added as comonomer to form the side branches of linear Polyethylene (C2) chains. The research on PE materials have improved various attributes of the polymer, providing them with higher durability, pressure resistance and service life. One such development is use of Hexene (C6) as a copolymer replacing Butene (C4) to make an Ethylene Hexene copolymer providing superior resistance to mechanical damages and slow crack growth during installation and service. For PE100 Orange pipe materials for low / medium pressure distribution system, the new hexene PE copolymer, offers much superior resistance to slow crack growth. Hence it is ideal for Trenchless installations like HDD or pipe bursting, where pulling the pipe through the bore in the ground may substantially notch and scratch the pipe or coating. Using a Hexene PE service life of the pipe is not affected despite the demanding installation techniques due to higher entanglement of polymer chains. These types of PE materials are already being used by Indian CGD Industry for past 2–3 years. For 3LPE coated steel pipes for high pressure gas mains as well as trunk lines, Hexene based Black PE top coat has been adopted by several Gas companies. This is mainly due to two advantages. They offer a higher upper design temperature limit of +90 C (compared to +80 C as per international specification (ISO21809-1). They also offer material savings as 10% lower thickness compared to standard PE top coat is able to meet and exceed all system requirements. The paper deals with the mechanism of these new polymers that helps to offer these superior properties.
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Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura, and René Androsch. "Random butene-1/ethylene copolymers: Influence of composition on the three-phase structure." In TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES 2014: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Times of Polymers (TOP) and Composites. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4876801.

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Izaddoust, Sepideh, Zuria Tabernilla, Marta Diaz, Andrés Aguayo, Javier Bilbao, Gorka Elordi, Pedro Castaño, and Eva Epelde. "Deepening on coke formation and deactivation during 1-butene oligomerization on a HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst." In 14th Mediterranean Congress of Chemical Engineering (MeCCE14). Grupo Pacífico, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48158/mecce-14.dg.05.06.

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EL ARBI, Mehdi, Karim Jalleli, Fatma Abdmouleh, Mousser Hedrich, Fatma Trigui, Manel Ben Ali, Pascal Pigeon, et al. "The biodeterioration and blackening of vinyl glues: A new microbial cause and triaryl butene derivatives as new biocide." In MOL2NET 2018, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 4th edition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-04-05891.

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Reports on the topic "Butene"

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PIEPHO, M. G. Butene and carbon monoxide flammable clouds in a glovebox with two hotplates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807663.

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Shaltout, R. M., D. A. Loy, J. P. Carpenter, K. Dorhout, and K. J. Shea. Polymerization of the cis- and trans-isomers of bis(triethoxysilyl)-2-butene and comparison of their structural properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/672120.

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Soucy, G., B. Farnand, and H. Sawatzky. Separation of dilute methanol, MTBE or TAME, 2-methyl-2-butene in pentane-toluene solutions by reverse osmosis. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302586.

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Hamilton, D. C. Electrical conductivity and equation of state of liquid nitrogen, oxygen, benzene, and 1-butene shocked to 60 GPa. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7260956.

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Enomoto, Hiroshi, Shogo Kunioka, Lukas Kano Mangalla, and Noboru Hieda. Small Kerosene Droplet Evaporation Near Butane Diffusion Flame. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9116.

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Enomoto, Hiroshi, Shogo Kunioka, and Noboru Hieda. Behavior of Small Fuel Droplet near Butane Diffusion Flame. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-32-9123.

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R.Raman. Fueling Requirements for Steady State high butane current fraction discharges. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/850161.

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Sheldon, John W., K. A. Hardy, J. M. Quirke, and J. Fu. A Molecular Beam Study of the Thermal Dissociation of 1,4-Butane Diammonium Dinitrate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190392.

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R. Longwell, J. Keifer, and S. Goodin. FIRE HAZARDS ANALYSIS - BUSTED BUTTE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860585.

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Keiswetter, Dean. 2010 ESTCP UXO Classification Study, Camp Butner, NC. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada578970.

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