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Journal articles on the topic 'Butanol and isobutanol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Kanno, Manabu, Taiki Katayama, Hideyuki Tamaki, Yasuo Mitani, Xian-Ying Meng, Tomoyuki Hori, Takashi Narihiro, et al. "Isolation of Butanol- and Isobutanol-Tolerant Bacteria and Physiological Characterization of Their Butanol Tolerance." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 22 (September 6, 2013): 6998–7005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02900-13.

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ABSTRACTDespite their importance as a biofuel production platform, only a very limited number of butanol-tolerant bacteria have been identified thus far. Here, we extensively explored butanol- and isobutanol-tolerant bacteria from various environmental samples. A total of 16 aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that could tolerate greater than 2.0% (vol/vol) butanol and isobutanol were isolated. A 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that the isolates were phylogenetically distributed over at least nine genera:Bacillus,Lysinibacillus,Rummeliibacillus,Brevibacillus,Coprothermobacter,Caloribacterium,Enterococcus,Hydrogenoanaerobacterium, andCellulosimicrobium, within the phylaFirmicutesandActinobacteria. Ten of the isolates were phylogenetically distinct from previously identified butanol-tolerant bacteria. Two relatively highly butanol-tolerant strains CM4A (aerobe) and GK12 (obligate anaerobe) were characterized further. Both strains changed their membrane fatty acid composition in response to butanol exposure, i.e., CM4A and GK12 exhibited increased saturated and cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) and long-chain fatty acids, respectively, which may serve to maintain membrane fluidity. The gene (cfa) encoding CFA synthase was cloned from strain CM4A and expressed inEscherichia coli. The recombinantE. colishowed relatively higher butanol and isobutanol tolerance thanE. coliwithout thecfagene, suggesting thatcfacan confer solvent tolerance. The exposure of strain GK12 to butanol by consecutive passages even enhanced the growth rate, indicating that yet-unknown mechanisms may also contribute to solvent tolerance. Taken together, the results demonstrate that a wide variety of butanol- and isobutanol-tolerant bacteria that can grow in 2.0% butanol exist in the environment and have various strategies to maintain structural integrity against detrimental solvents.

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2

Nor, Azah Ramli, and A. Rahman Roshanida. "Isobutanol Production and Alcohol Tolerance by Yeast Wild Strain." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.334.

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Recently, there have been global movements toward reducing the use of fossil resources as source of energy due to continuous depletion of petroleum fuel-reserves besides contributing to environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, global warming and climate change. Isobutanol is one of biomass-based fuels that has been recognizes for its potentiality as fuel additive or substitute due to its attractive physical properties. This paper investigates the production of isobutanol and alcohol tolerance by five different types of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Kluyveromyces lactisGG799 andPichia pastorisKM71H, GS115 and X33) in batch fermentation. Based on the result obtained,P.pastorisX33 produced the highest concentration of isobutanol at 65 mg/l followed byP.pastorisGS115,K.lactisGG799,P.pastorisKM71H andS.cerevisiaewith concentration of 57 mg/l, 49 mg/l 49 mg/l and 46 mg/l respectively. This result proves that yeast is able to produce isobutanol naturally.S. cerevisiaehas been proven as good yeast in alcohol tolerance as it was capable to grow in more than 2% isobutanol and butanol of up to 2%. Among the different alcohols tested for alcohol tolerance, 3-methyl-1-butanol has the highest toxicity towards yeast growth as compared to isobutanol and butanol.

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3

Bravo-Sánchez, Micael G., Gustavo A. Iglesias-Silva, Alejandro Estrada-Baltazar, and Kenneth R. Hall. "Densities and Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of 2-Butanol + Isobutanol, 2-Butanol + tert-Butanol, and Isobutanol + tert-Butanol from (308.15 to 343.15) K." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 58, no. 9 (August 16, 2013): 2538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je400423u.

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4

Zernecke, R., T. Frank, K. Haegler, J. Albrecht, H. Bruckmann, and M. Wiesmann. "Correlation analyses of detection thresholds of four different odorants." Rhinology journal 49, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino10.263.

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The detection threshold task of the Sniffin` Sticks can be conducted using two different odorants - n-butanol or phenylethyl alcohol (PEA). Previous studies show contradictory results regarding the correlation analysis of the two odorants. The current study investigated the relationship between PEA and n-butanol with respect to previous findings and subject population. We compared four different odorants (PEA, n-butanol, isoamyl butyrate, isobutanol) in an olfactory detection threshold task depending on subject population. Test odorants were applied to 73 healthy subjects. The experiment was divided into two sessions performed on two different days. The correlation coefficient between individual thresholds of PEA and n-butanol was not significant when exclusively normosmic subjects were included, but significant when additionally hyposmic, older subjects were studied. Comparable results were found for the analysis of the odorants n-butanol and isoamyl butyrate. Correlation between n-butanol and isobutanol was significant, both for exclusively normosmic, and additionally older, hyposmic subjects. The analyses of all other odorants revealed no significant correlations. Results give explanations for previous contradictory findings regarding investigations of PEA and n-butanol in a detection threshold task, and indicate that a formal validation of the Sniffin` Sticks with PEA as odorant is required.

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5

Riggio, Roque, Hector E. Martinez, Norma Z. de Salas, and Juan F. Ramos. "Densities, viscosities, and refractive indexes of tert-butyl methyl ether + butyl alcohols at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-056.

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Densities, viscosities, and refractive indexes of three binary systems, tert-butyl methyl ether +n-butanol, +sec-butanol, +isobutanol, have been determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the complete composition range. We also report calculated excess properties including molar volume, viscosity, and Gibbs free energy for the activation of flow for these systems. Keywords: binary systems, excess properties.

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6

Decoté, Paulo André Prata, Amanda Puttin Vidoto, Maristela de Araujo Vicente, and Maria de Fatima Pereira dos Santos. "Reciclagem de óleo lubrificante ferroviário usado utilizando extração por solventes verdes assistido por ultrassom indireto." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 426–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2021.006.0036.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a reciclagem do óleo lubrificante ferroviário por extração com solventes orgânicos polares assistida por uso indireto de ultrassom que fundamentou nos parâmetros de solubilidade de Hansen e nos critérios de sustentabilidade para a seleção de solventes orgânicos. Foi determinado o parâmetro de solubilidade de Hansen do óleo lubrificante ferroviário comercial com 25 solventes orgânicos. Os resultados da esfera de solubilidade do óleo, o parâmetro de solubilidade experimental e os dados teóricos de 1236 solventes, e o critério de sustentabilidade, foram utilizados para selecionar os melhores solventes extratores polares isobutanol, 1-butanol e metil etil cetona. feito um planejamento experimental de mistura Simplex-Lattice [3, 3] do processo de extração do óleo recuperado em banho de ultrassom de 37 kHz na temperatura de 30 °C no tempo de exposição de 5 min. A mistura solvente/óleo foi submetida a dois processos de extração: uso de ultrassom indireto (banho) e agitação mecânica, como controle. Os resultados mostraram que os parâmetros de solubilidade do óleo lubrificante ferroviário comercial foram 15,8, 3,8 e 7,6 MPa0.5 para o parâmetro de dispersão, polar e ligação de hidrogênio, respectivamente. A qualidade do óleo recuperado após o procedimento de extração, foi avaliada pela densidade, viscosidade cinemática a 40 °C até 100 °C e Índice de Viscosidade. Os rendimentos de recuperação de óleo usando US foram de 64,0% m/m (isobutanol), 89,1% m/m (1-butanol) e 91,2% m/m (MEK). Os rendimentos para agitação mecânica nas mesmas condições foram inferiores ao encontrados em US: 56,3% m/m, 83,4% m/m e 89,1% m/m para os solventes isobutanol, 1-butanol e MEK, respectivamente. Os óleos recuperados com os solventes isobutanol, 1-butanol e MEK apresentaram, respectivamente, Índice de Viscosidade de 73, 84 e 88 para US e de 68, 76 e 82 para AM. Portanto, o uso de ultrassom é promissor para auxiliar no processo de reciclagem de óleo lubrificante ferroviário usado.

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7

Trinh, Cong T., Johnny Li, Harvey W. Blanch, and Douglas S. Clark. "Redesigning Escherichia coli Metabolism for Anaerobic Production of Isobutanol." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 14 (June 3, 2011): 4894–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00382-11.

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ABSTRACTFermentation enables the production of reduced metabolites, such as the biofuels ethanol and butanol, from fermentable sugars. This work demonstrates a general approach for designing and constructing a production host that uses a heterologous pathway as an obligately fermentative pathway to produce reduced metabolites, specifically, the biofuel isobutanol. Elementary mode analysis was applied to design anEscherichia colistrain optimized for isobutanol production under strictly anaerobic conditions. The central metabolism ofE. coliwas decomposed into 38,219 functional, unique, and elementary modes (EMs). The model predictions revealed that during anaerobic growthE. colicannot produce isobutanol as the sole fermentative product. By deleting 7 chromosomal genes, the total 38,219 EMs were constrained to 12 EMs, 6 of which can produce high yields of isobutanol in a range from 0.29 to 0.41 g isobutanol/g glucose under anaerobic conditions. The remaining 6 EMs rely primarily on the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex (PDHC) and are typically inhibited under anaerobic conditions. The redesignedE. colistrain was constrained to employ the anaerobic isobutanol pathways through deletion of 7 chromosomal genes, addition of 2 heterologous genes, and overexpression of 5 genes. Here we present the design, construction, and characterization of an isobutanol-producingE. colistrain to illustrate the approach. The model predictions are evaluated in relation to experimental data and strategies proposed to improve anaerobic isobutanol production. We also show that the endogenous alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase AdhE is the key enzyme responsible for the production of isobutanol and ethanol under anaerobic conditions. The glycolytic flux can be controlled to regulate the ratio of isobutanol to ethanol production.

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8

Chen, Chang-Ting, and James C. Liao. "Frontiers in microbial 1-butanol and isobutanol production." FEMS Microbiology Letters 363, no. 5 (January 31, 2016): fnw020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw020.

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9

Elfasakhany, Ashraf. "Dual and Ternary Biofuel Blends for Desalination Process: Emissions and Heat Recovered Assessment." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010061.

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Desalination using fossil fuels is so far the most common technique for freshwater production worldwide. However, such a technique faces some challenges due to limited fossil fuels, high pollutants in our globe, and its high energy demand. In this study, solutions for such challenges were proposed and investigated. Renewable biofuel blends were introduced and examined as energy/sources for desalination plants and, in turn, reduced dependency on fossil fuels, enhanced pollutants, and recovered energy for desalinations. Eight different blended biofuels in terms of dual and ternary blend approaches were investigated. Results displayed that dual and ternary blends of gasoline/n-butanol, gasoline/isobutanol, gasoline/n-butanol/isobutanol, gasoline/bioethanol/isobutanol, and gasoline/bioethanol/biomethanol were all not highly recommended as energy sources for desalination units due to their low heat recovery (they showed much lower than the gasoline, G, fuel); however, they could provide reasonable emissions. Both gasoline/bioethanol (E) and gasoline/biomethanol (M) provided high heat recovery and sensible emissions (CO and UHC). Gasoline/bio-acetone was the best one among all blends and, accordingly, it was upper recommended for both heat recovery and emissions for desalination plants. In addition, both E and M were recommended subsequently. Concerning emissions, all blends showed lower emissions than the G fuel in different levels.

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10

Bogataj, Miloš, Zdravko Kravanja, and Andreja Nemet. "Recovery of N-Butanol from a Complex Five-Component Reactive Azeotropic Mixture." Processes 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020364.

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This paper proposes a concept of a process design for the separation and recovery of n-butanol from a five-component mixture, consisting of n-butanol, isobutanol, formaldehyde, water and methanol. The mixture is a common waste stream in the production of butylated amino resins; therefore, recovery of n-butanol is crucial to the efficiency of the process. The results show that up to 94% of the n-butanol present in the waste stream can be recovered. Under the studied conditions, 99.76% pure n-butanol can be obtained, while formaldehyde, water and methanol are present only in traces. The energy intensity of the process is estimated at 2.42 MJ/kg of purified n-butanol. The economic analysis of the process shows that the process is economically viable over a wide range of production capacities, as evidenced by high net present values and high return on investment values.

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11

Sima, Sergiu, Adrian Victor Crişciu, and Catinca Secuianu. "Phase Behavior of Carbon Dioxide + Isobutanol and Carbon Dioxide + tert-Butanol Binary Systems." Energies 15, no. 7 (April 3, 2022): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072625.

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In recent years, the dramatic increase of greenhouse gases concentration in atmosphere, especially of carbon dioxide, determined many researchers to investigate new mitigation options. Thermodynamic studies play an important role in the development of new technologies for reducing the carbon levels. In this context, our group investigated the phase behavior (vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE), vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium (VLLE), liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE), upper critical endpoints (UCEPs), critical curves) of binary and ternary systems containing organic substances with different functional groups to determine their ability to dissolve carbon dioxide. This study presents our results for the phase behavior of carbon dioxide + n-butanol structural isomers binary systems at high-pressures. Liquid–vapor critical curves are measured for carbon dioxide + isobutanol and carbon dioxide + tert-butanol binary systems at pressures up to 147.3 bar, as only few scattered critical points are available in the literature. New isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data are also reported at 363.15 and 373.15 K. New VLE data at higher temperature are necessary, as only another group reported some data for the carbon dioxide + isobutanol system, but with high errors. Phase behavior experiments were performed in a high-pressure two opposite sapphire windows cell with variable volume, using a static-analytical method with phases sampling by rapid online sample injectors (ROLSI) coupled to a gas chromatograph (GC) for phases analysis. The measurement results of this study are compared with the literature data when available. The new and all available literature data for the carbon dioxide + isobutanol and carbon dioxide + tert-butanol binary systems are successfully modeled with three cubic equations of state, namely, General Equation of State (GEOS), Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK), and Peng–Robinson (PR), coupled with classical van der Waals mixing rules (two-parameter conventional mixing rules, 2PCMR), using a predictive method.

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12

Díaz-González, M., J. C. Prince, and O. Castellanos-Onorio. "Reaction Model and Heat Release for Low-Temperature Ignition of Isobutanol." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2224, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2224/1/012035.

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Abstract This research presents the study of heat release in the iso-butanol ignition process at temperatures T < 900 K, applying low-temperature chemistry and starting from a proposed kinetic scheme of 12 elementary reaction stages. A numerical analysis of the thermal energy release available for ignition is developed, where the formation of aldehydes is important in this combustion phenomenon. The low temperature kinetics for this alcohol were found to be unable to maintain the reactivity of the system. The OHs generated by low temperature chemistry react mainly to produce iso-butanal aldehyde instead of consuming the main fuel which inhibits NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) behaviour. To maintain the reactivity of the system, the reaction pathways of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 (HO2→H2O2→OH) are added, obtaining a short kinetic mechanism of 14 reactions that generates a good fit for the experimental developments of ignition time at lower temperatures. of 1000 K.

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13

Reyes, Luis H., Ali S. Abdelaal, and Katy C. Kao. "Genetic Determinants forn-Butanol Tolerance in Evolved Escherichia coli Mutants: Cross Adaptation and Antagonistic Pleiotropy betweenn-Butanol and Other Stressors." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 17 (June 28, 2013): 5313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01703-13.

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ABSTRACTCross-tolerance and antagonistic pleiotropy have been observed between different complex phenotypes in microbial systems. These relationships between adaptive landscapes are important for the design of industrially relevant strains, which are generally subjected to multiple stressors. In our previous work, we evolvedEscherichia colifor enhanced tolerance to the biofueln-butanol and discovered a molecular mechanism ofn-butanol tolerance that also conferred tolerance to the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B in one specific lineage (green fluorescent protein [GFP] labeled) in the evolved population. In this work, we aim to identify additional mechanisms ofn-butanol tolerance in an independent lineage (yellow fluorescent protein [YFP] labeled) from the same evolved population and to further explore potential cross-tolerance and antagonistic pleiotropy betweenn-butanol tolerance and other industrially relevant stressors. Analysis of the transcriptome data of the YFP-labeled mutants allowed us to discover additional membrane-related and osmotic stress-related genes that confern-butanol tolerance inE. coli. Interestingly, then-butanol resistance mechanisms conferred by the membrane-related genes appear to be specific ton-butanol and are in many cases antagonistic with isobutanol and ethanol. Furthermore, the YFP-labeled mutants showed cross-tolerance betweenn-butanol and osmotic stress, while the GFP-labeled mutants showed antagonistic pleiotropy betweenn-butanol and osmotic stress tolerance.

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14

Bravo-Sánchez, Micael G., Gustavo A. Iglesias-Silva, Alejandro Estrada-Baltazar, and Kenneth R. Hall. "Densities and Viscosities of Binary Mixtures ofn-Butanol with 2-Butanol, Isobutanol, andtert-Butanol from (303.15 to 343.15) K." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 55, no. 6 (June 10, 2010): 2310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je900722m.

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15

Novitasari, Dolvin, Rani Sauriasari, and Maryati Kurniadi. "ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC RED DYES IN RED SPINACH SAMPLES (AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR L.)." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.04.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether synthetic red dyes are present in red spinach samples.Methods: The presence of the dyes Ponceau 4R, Carmoisine, Rhodamine B, Amaranth was determined in red spinach using reactions, followed bypaper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry. In paper chromatography analyses, analytes were eluted using n-butanol–ethanol–water (4:5:5) and isobutanol–ethanol–water (3:2:4), and in TLC-densitometry, analytes were eluted with n-butanol–ethanol–water (3:7:1).Results: No synthetic red dyes were found in the seven red spinach samples.Conclusion: The synthetic dyes Rhodamin B, amaranth, Ponceau 4R, and Karmoisin were not found as contaminants of red spinach.

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16

Kim, Hyung Min, Gun Yang, Jung Yoon Kim, Sang Jun Yoon, Byong-kyu Shin, Jeongmi Lee, Jeong Hill Park, and Sung Won Kwon. "Simultaneous Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Commercial Alcoholic Beverages by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 1492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.17-0006.

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Abstract A simple and fast method was developed for the determination of volatile organic compounds in alcoholic beverages. Eleven volatile organic compounds (acetaldehyde, methanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1-propanol, ethyl acetate, 2-butanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1butanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol) in alcoholic beverages were analyzed with a simple direct-injection method using GC with flame ionization detection. These compounds should be monitored in the QC of production processes because they are detrimental to human health. The method was validated with four types of alcoholic beverages (beers, fruit wines, rice wines, and spirits) to confirm the versatility of the method. Linearity showed r2 values from 0.9986 to 0.9995, with LODs ranging from 0.010 to 1.000 mg/L. Precision and accuracy showed acceptable results, proving the effectiveness of the method. The developed method was applied to 40 commercial samples representing the four types of alcoholic beverages, and principal component analysis was performed to determine profiles of the volatile organic compounds, depending on the type of alcoholic beverage.

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17

Chen, Huey-Ing, Po-Hung Chen, and Hung-Yi Chang. "High-Pressure Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for CO2+ 2-Butanol, CO2+ Isobutanol, and CO2+tert-Butanol Systems." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 48, no. 6 (November 2003): 1407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je020214r.

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18

Rice, R. W., A. K. Sanyal, A. C. Elrod, and R. M. Bata. "Exhaust Gas Emissions of Butanol, Ethanol, and Methanol-Gasoline Blends." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906241.

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Emissions levels for CO, NOx, and unburned fuel (UBF) from a stationary four-cylinder Chrysler engine were measured under a variety of operating conditions for gasoline and three different 20 vol percent alcohol-gasoline blends. In tests of separate isobutanol, ethanol, and methanol blends, lower CO and NOx emissions were observed for the alcohol blends relative to gasoline, particularly for fuel-rich operation. Generally, on a volume (mole) basis unburned fuel emissions were highest for methanol blends and lowest for gasoline, but on a mass or OMHCE basis only small differences were noted. For a given fuel, the separate effects of engine speed, load, and equivalence ratio were examined.

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19

Branduardi, Paola, Valeria Longo, Nadia Maria Berterame, Giorgia Rossi, and Danilo Porro. "A novel pathway to produce butanol and isobutanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biotechnology for Biofuels 6, no. 1 (2013): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-68.

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Häusler, Johannes, Joachim Pasel, Friederike Woltmann, Andreas Everwand, Maria Meledina, Helen Valencia, Marta Lipińska-Chwałek, Joachim Mayer, and Ralf Peters. "Elucidating the Influence of the d-Band Center on the Synthesis of Isobutanol." Catalysts 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11030406.

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As the search for carbon-efficient synthesis pathways for green alternatives to fossil fuels continues, an expanding class of catalysts have been developed for the upgrading of lower alcohols. Understanding of the acid base functionalities has greatly influenced the search for new materials, but the influence of the metal used in catalysts cannot be explained in a broader sense. We address this herein and correlate our findings with the most fundamental understanding of chemistry to date by applying it to d-band theory as part of an experimental investigation. The commercial catalysts of Pt, Rh, Ru, Cu, Pd, and Ir on carbon as a support have been characterized by means of SEM, EDX-mapping, STEM, XRD, N2-physisorption, and H2-chemisorption. Their catalytic activity has been established by means of c-methylation of ethanol with methanol. For all catalysts, the TOF with respect to i-butanol was examined. The Pt/C reached the highest TOF with a selectivity towards i-butanol of 89%. The trend for the TOFs could be well correlated with the d-band centers of the metal, which formed a volcano curve. Therefore, this study is another step towards the rationalization of catalyst design for the upgrading of alcohols into carbon-neutral fuels or chemical feedstock.

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Boumba, Vassiliki A. "Modeling Postmortem Ethanol Production/Insights into the Origin of Higher Alcohols." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030700.

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The forensic toxicologist is challenged to provide scientific evidence to distinguish the source of ethanol (antemortem ingestion or microbial production) determined in the postmortem blood and to properly interpret the relevant blood alcohol concentration (BAC) results, in regard to ethanol levels at death and subsequent behavioral impairment of the person at the time of death. Higher alcohols (1-propanol, 1-butanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol (isoamyl-alcohol), and 3-methyl-2-butanol (amyl-alcohol)) are among the volatile compounds that are often detected in postmortem specimens and have been correlated with putrefaction and microbial activity. This brief review investigates the role of the higher alcohols as biomarkers of postmortem, microbial ethanol production, notably, regarding the modeling of postmortem ethanol production. Main conclusions of this contribution are, firstly, that the higher alcohols are qualitative and quantitative indicators of microbial ethanol production, and, secondly that the respective models of microbial ethanol production are tools offering additional data to interpret properly the origin of the ethanol concentrations measured in postmortem cases. More studies are needed to clarify current uncertainties about the origin of higher alcohols in postmortem specimens.

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Macholz, R. "1-Butanol Health and Safety Guide (a companion volume to Environmental Health Criteria 65: Butanols - Four Isomers: 1-Butanol, 2-Butanol. tert-Butanol, Isobutanol). 38 Seiten. World Health Organization, Geneva 1987. Preis: 5,— Sw. fr." Food / Nahrung 33, no. 4 (1989): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19890330432.

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23

Darwish, Naif A., and Zaid A. Al-Anber. "Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements and data analysis of tert-butanolisobutanol and tert-butanolwater binaries at 94.9 kPa." Fluid Phase Equilibria 131, no. 1-2 (May 1997): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3812(96)03202-5.

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Guan, Youliang, Zujin Yang, Kui Wu, and Hongbing Ji. "Crystallization Thermodynamics of α-Lactose Monohydrate in Different Solvents." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091774.

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It is common to find that some of the lactose in dairy powders and pharmaceutical tablets is present in the unstable amorphous state. Therefore, their crystallization thermodynamics in different solvents are particularly important. In this paper, the solubility of α-lactose monohydrate (α-LM) in 15 mono-solvents such as ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, 1-pentanol, isoamylol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, propanoic acid, acetonitrile, and cyclohexanone was evaluated by using the gravimetric method in the temperature ranges from 274.05 K to 323.05 K at constant pressure (1 atm). In the given temperature range, the solubility of α-LM in these solvents increased with the rising of temperature, the highest solubility of α-LM was found in methanol (2.37 × 104), and the lowest was found in 1-hexanol (0.80 × 105). In addition, the increase of α-LM solubility in isopropanol was the largest. The sequence at 298.15 K was: methanol > 1-butanol > isopropanol > ethanol > 1-propanol > 1-heptanol > isobutanol > propionic acid > 1-pentanol > 1-octanol > acetonitrile > isoamylol > 2-butanol > cyclohexanone > 1-hexanol. Solvent effect analysis shows that the properties of α-LM are more important than those of solvents. The Apelblat equation, λh equation, Wilson model, and NRTL model were used to correlate the experimental values. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and relative average deviation (RAD) of all models were less than 2.68 × 10−2 and 1.41 × 10−6, respectively, implying that the fitted values of four thermodynamic models all agreed well with the experimental values. Moreover, the thermodynamic properties of the dissolution process (i.e., dissolution Gibbs free energy (ΔdisG), molar enthalpy (ΔdisH), and molar entropy (ΔdisS)) for α-LM in selected solvents were determined. The results indicate that ΔdisH/(J/mol) (from 0.2551 to 6.0575) and ΔdisS/(J/mol/K) (from 0.0010 to 0.0207) of α-LM in these solvents are all positive, and the values of ΔdisH and ΔdisS. ΔdisG/(J/mol) (from −0.0184 to −0.6380) are all negative. The values were observed to decrease with rising temperatures, implying that α-LM dissolution is an endothermic, entropy-driven, and spontaneous process. The solid–liquid equilibrium data and dissolution thermodynamics of α-LM were obtained, which provide a basis for industrial production.

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Khudaida, Salal Hasan, Ning-Ju Yang, Ding-Yu Peng, and Ming-Jer Lee. "VLLE of binary aqueous systems containing 2-butanol, isobutanol, or tert-amyl alcohol." Fluid Phase Equilibria 550 (December 2021): 113255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2021.113255.

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Lan, Ethan I., and James C. Liao. "Microbial synthesis of n-butanol, isobutanol, and other higher alcohols from diverse resources." Bioresource Technology 135 (May 2013): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.104.

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Shahsavan, Martia, and J. Hunter Mack. "Numerical study of a boosted HCCI engine fueled with n-butanol and isobutanol." Energy Conversion and Management 157 (February 2018): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.063.

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Vilela, Fernando José, Maria das Graças Cardoso, José Masson, and Jeancarlo Pereira dos Anjos. "Determinação das composições físico-químicas de cachaças do sul de minas gerais e de suas misturas." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 31, no. 4 (August 2007): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542007000400022.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo a determinação da composição físico-química de cachaças artesanais produzidas no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais e suas misturas. Foram analisados os teores de etanol, acidez volátil, aldeídos, cobre, ésteres, álcoois superiores totais e metanol, além dos álcoois propanol-1, isobutanol e 3-metil-butanol-1. Os resultados apresentam o perfil peculiar desta bebida, que apresentou teores satisfatórios de álcoois superiores, ésteres e aldeídos. O teor de cobre apresenta-se como preocupante já que algumas amostras excederam o limite de 5 mg.L-1. A produção de misturas foi estudada e esta apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável ao produtor e cooperativas.

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Fenkl, Michael, Martin Pechout, and Michal Vojtisek. "N-butanol and isobutanol as alternatives to gasoline: Comparison of port fuel injector characteristics." EPJ Web of Conferences 114 (2016): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611402021.

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Trinh, Cong T. "Elucidating and reprogramming Escherichia coli metabolisms for obligate anaerobic n-butanol and isobutanol production." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 95, no. 4 (June 9, 2012): 1083–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4197-7.

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31

Fatehi, Pedram. "Recent advancements in various steps of ethanol, butanol, and isobutanol productions from woody materials." Biotechnology Progress 29, no. 2 (March 2013): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1688.

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32

Acharya, Biswajit, Partha Sarathi Guru, and Sukalyan Dash. "Tween-80–n-butanol/isobutanol–(Diesel+Kerosene)–Water microemulsions – Phase behavior and fuel applications." Fuel 171 (May 2016): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.013.

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33

Muñoz-Castells, Raquel, Jaime Moreno-García, Teresa García-Martínez, Juan Carlos Mauricio, and Juan Moreno. "Effect of Bentonite Addition to Pedro Ximénez White Grape Musts before Their Fermentation with Selected Yeasts on the Major Volatile Compounds and Polyols of Wines and Tentative Relationships with the Sensorial Evaluation." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 8057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228057.

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In this work, we study the effect of bentonite addition to the grape must before alcoholic fermentation on the chemical composition and sensorial profile of the obtained wines. Fermentations were carried out with two Saccharomyces cerevisiae commercial active dry yeasts treated or not with bentonite and were compared with a control wine obtained by spontaneous fermentation (using the grape must microbiota). Several significant effects on the chemical and sensorial attributes were established by statistical treatments. The selection by multiple variable analysis of seven volatile molecules (ethyl acetate; methanol; 1-propanol; isobutanol; 2-methyl-1-butanol; 3-metyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol) provided several footprints that provide an easy visualization of bentonite effects on wine volatile compounds. A Principal Component Analysis carried out with all the compounds quantified by Gas-Chromatography revealed that the first two Principal Components explain 60.15 and 25.91%, respectively, of the total variance and established five groups that match with the five wines analyzed. Lastly, predictive models at p ≤ 0.05 level for the attributes sight, smell and taste were obtained by Partial Least Squared regression analysis of selected chemical variables.

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Park, Seong-Hee, Sujin Kim, and Ji-Sook Hahn. "Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 98, no. 21 (October 4, 2014): 9139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6081-0.

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35

Ambrožič, Gabriela, Srečo D. Škapin, Majda Žigon, and Zorica Crnjak Orel. "The synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from zinc acetylacetonate hydrate and 1-butanol or isobutanol." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 346, no. 2 (June 2010): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.03.001.

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36

Admojo, Fadhila Tangguh, and Ahsanawati. "Klasifikasi Aroma Alkohol Menggunakan Metode KNN." Indonesian Journal of Data and Science 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/ijodas.v1i2.12.

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Alkohol adalah senyawa-senyawa dimana satu atau lebih atom hidrogen dalam sebuah alkana digantikan oleh sebuah gugus -OH. Alkohol memiliki ikatan yang mirip air. Alkohol terdiri dari molekul polar. Dalam senyawa alkohol, oksigen mengemban muatan negatif parsial. Alkohol telah digunakan oleh orang di seluruh dunia, dalam makanan standar, untuk higienis / alasan medis, untuk relaksan dan efek euforia, untuk tujuan rekreasi, untuk inspirasi artistik, sebagai aphrodisiacs, dan untuk alasan lain. Alkohol memiliki beberapa jenis senyawa diantaranya adalah octanol, propanol, Butanol, propanol, dan isobutanol. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sensor untuk mendeteksi jenis bahan kimia pada suatu cairan berdasarkan aromanya dengan menerapkan salah satu metode klasifikasi yaitu K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Pengujian system ini terdiri dari pengujian pengaruh nilai K dan pengaruh nilai crossvalidation. Hasil dari pengujian pengaruh nilai K menghasilkan akurasi optimum senilai 100% pada nilai K=3 dan 100% pada nilai K=4

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37

Gao, Xiaoxin, Jun Chen, Zhengfei Ma, and Limin Yang. "Simulation and Optimization of Distillation Processes for Separating a Close-Boiling Mixture of n-Butanol and Isobutanol." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 37 (September 5, 2014): 14440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie502695x.

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38

QU, Yixin, Shaojun PENG, Shui WANG, Zhiqiang ZHANG, and Jidong WANG. "Kinetic Study of Esterification of Lactic Acid with Isobutanol and n-Butanol Catalyzed by Ion-exchange Resins." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 17, no. 5 (October 2009): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1004-9541(08)60276-1.

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39

Miyano, Yoshimori, Takahiro Kobashi, Hiroshi Shinjo, Shinya Kumada, Yusuke Watanabe, Wataru Niya, and Yoko Tateishi. "Henry’s law constants and infinite dilution activity coefficients of cis-2-butene, dimethylether, chloroethane, and 1,1-difluoroethane in methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-butanol." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 38, no. 6 (June 2006): 724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2005.08.004.

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40

Togbé, Casimir, Amir Mzé-Ahmed, and Philippe Dagaut. "Kinetics of Oxidation of 2-Butanol and Isobutanol in a Jet-Stirred Reactor: Experimental Study and Modeling Investigation." Energy & Fuels 24, no. 9 (September 16, 2010): 5244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef1008488.

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41

Gai, Hengjun, Kaiqiang Lin, Yirong Feng, Meng Xiao, Kai Guo, and Hongbing Song. "Conceptual design of an extractive distillation process for the separation of azeotropic mixture of n-butanol-isobutanol-water." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 26, no. 10 (October 2018): 2040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2018.05.003.

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42

Tao, Ling, Eric C. D. Tan, Robert McCormick, Min Zhang, Andy Aden, Xin He, and Bradley T. Zigler. "Techno‐economic analysis and life‐cycle assessment of cellulosic isobutanol and comparison with cellulosic ethanol and n‐butanol." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 8, no. 1 (October 2, 2013): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1431.

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43

Mejia-Barajas, Jorge A., Melchor Arellano Plaza, Belem Vargas Ochoa, Rafael Salgado Garciglia, Jesús Campos García, and Alfredo Saavedra Molina. "Organic Compounds Generated in Bioethanol Production from Agave Bagasse." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 999–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v7i1.7338.

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In bioethanol production through lignocellulosic residues fermentations are generated by-products such as organic compounds (OCs). The organic compounds (OCs) had been well studied in wine and beer industry, but little is known about their presence in bioethanol industry, even when these affect yeasts physiologic state, and are considered as economically desirable in the chemical industry. In this work was evaluated the production of OCs in bioethanol production processes through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of different agave bagasse residue (ABR). Fermentations were carried out by the Kluyveromyces marxianusSLP1, K. marxianus OFF1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiaeEthanol Red yeasts strains. The main OCs detected were ethyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, isobutanol, butanol, isoamyl-alcohol, ethyl-lactate, furfuryl-alcohol, phenyl-acetate, and 2-phenyl ethanol. A higher number of OCs was found in the SSF process when were used the K. marxianusOFF1 and SLP1 yeasts. This study provides better knowledge of the kind and concentrations of OCs produced by fermentation of the lignocellulosic ABR, which allow propose bioethanol by-products as potential source of economically desirable compounds.

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44

Mirocki, Artur, and Artur Sikorski. "The Influence of Solvent on the Crystal Packing of Ethacridinium Phthalate Solvates." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 5073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225073.

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The synthesis, structural characterization and influence of solvents on the crystal packing of solvated complexes of ethacridine with phthalic acid: 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridinium phthalate methanol solvate (1), 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridinium phthalate ethanol solvate (2), 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridinium phthalate isobutanol solvate (3), and 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridinium phthalate tert-butanol solvate monohydrate (4) are described in this article. Single-crystal XRD measurements revealed that the compounds 1–4 crystallized in the triclinic P-1 space group, and the 6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridinium cations, phthalic acid anions and solvent molecules interact via strong N–H···O, O–H···O, C–H···O hydrogen bonds, and C–H···π and π–π interactions to form different types of basic structural motifs, such as: heterotetramer bis[···cation···anion···] in compound 1 and 2, heterohexamer bis[···cation···alcohol···anion···] in compound 3, and heterohexamer bis[···cation···water···anion···] in compound 4. Presence of solvents molecule(s) in the crystals causes different supramolecular synthons to be obtained and thus has an influence on the crystal packing of the compounds analyzed.

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45

Miyano, Yoshimori. "Henry’s constants and infinite dilution activity coefficients of propane, propene, butane, isobutane, 1-butene, isobutene, trans-2-butene, and 1,3-butadiene in isobutanol and tert-butanol." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 36, no. 10 (October 2004): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2004.05.010.

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46

Terentiev, A. V., and V. V. Varfolomeeva. "Hydrogen Bond OH...ΠGTCB in Adsorption of Isobutanol, Tert-Butanol, and Tert-Amyl Alcohol on Graphitized Thermal Carbon Black." Journal of Structural Chemistry 59, no. 8 (December 2018): 1967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0022476618080280.

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47

Du, Cunbin. "The Solubility of Ethyl Candesartan in Mono Solvents and Investigation of Intermolecular Interactions." Liquids 2, no. 4 (November 17, 2022): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/liquids2040023.

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In this work, the experimental solubility of ethyl candesartan in the selected solvents within the temperature ranging from 278.15 to 318.15 K was studied. It can be easily found that the solubility of ethyl candesartan increases with the rising temperature in all solvents. The maximum solubility value was obtained in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 7.91 × 10−2), followed by cyclohexanone (2.810 × 10−2), 1,4-dioxanone (2.69 × 10−2), acetone (7.04 × 10−3), ethyl acetate (4.20 × 10−3), n-propanol (3.69 × 10−3), isobutanol (3.38 × 10−3), methanol (3.17 × 10−3), n-butanol (3.03 × 10−3), ethanol (2.83 × 10−3), isopropanol (2.69 × 10−3), and acetonitrile (1.15 × 10−2) at the temperature of 318.15 K. Similar results of solubility sequence from large to small were also obtained in other temperatures. The X-ray diffraction analysis illustrates that the crystalline forms of all samples were consistent, and no crystalline transformation occurred during the dissolution process. In aprotic solvents, except for individual solvents, the solubility data decreases with the decreasing values of hydrogen bond basicity (β) and dipolarity/polarizability (π*). The largest average relative deviation (ARD) data in the modified Apelblat equation is 1.9% and observed in isopropanol; the maximum data in λh equation is 4.3% and found in n-butanol. The results of statistical analysis show that the modified Apelblat equation is the more suitable correlation of experimental data for ethyl candesartan in selected mono solvents at all investigated temperatures. In addition, different parameters were used to quantify the solute–solvent interactions that occurred in the dissolution process including Abraham solvation parameters (APi), Hansen solubility parameters (HPi), and Catalan parameters (CPi).

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48

Wong, Y. C., and Y. H. Taufiq-Yap. "Influence of Intercalation-Exfoliation-Reduction Technique towards the Physico-Chemical of VPO Catalysts." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/727539.

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Four VPO catalysts were synthesized through intercalation and exfoliation in various alcohols and subsequent reduction of the exfoliated VOPO4sheets with various alcohols to produce VOHPO4⋅0.5H2O. The resulting VOHPO4⋅0.5H2O that undergoes the intercalation-exfoliation-reduction (IER) process will be further activated into VPO catalysts, and addition of 1 mole % Bi(NO3)3⋅5H2O in the first stage of this experiment has also being investigated. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) in H2. Catalytic evaluation of the IER-treated and Bi-doped VPO catalysts was also studied on microreactor. The VPO catalyst produced through IER using 2-butanol and ethanol with addition of Bi, IERC(2Bu-Et)RBi1, gave the highest MA selectivity due to reactive O2−species released from the additional crystalline V5+phase formed by doping 1% bismuth as promoter (O2−-V5+pair) at relative lower temperature. Nevertheless, the VPO catalyst produced through IER using isobutanol, IERC(isoBu), gave the highest activity due to high amount of reactive O−species released from V4+phase (O−-V4+pair) whereby the IERC(isoBu) catalyst synthesized consists of high percentage of V4+(93 %).

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49

Potapenko, V., and O. Skrotska. "Obtaining practically valuable compounds with the use of recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Part one: synthesis of ethanol, butanol and isobutanol." Scientific Works of National University of Food Technologies 26, no. 5 (October 2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24263/2225-2924-2020-26-5-7.

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50

Welz, Oliver, John D. Savee, Arkke J. Eskola, Leonid Sheps, David L. Osborn, and Craig A. Taatjes. "Low-temperature combustion chemistry of biofuels: Pathways in the low-temperature (550–700K) oxidation chemistry of isobutanol and tert-butanol." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 34, no. 1 (January 2013): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.058.

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