Academic literature on the topic 'Business process modeling rules'

Up to date business is managed by large-scale different rules that regulate how the business acts and how it is structured. We find the rules in law, regulation, business policy document, procedures manual, system documentation, memoranda etc. These reference resources may provide the specific basis for a rule or offer a background, context or explanation of the business rule. In the recent years, it has been discovered that business rules constitute an entire body of knowledge that has not been adequately addressed in either the analysis or design phases of the information system development. Typically, business rules have been buried in the program code or in the database structures. The article deals with the business rules approach and rule technology and helps to identify the business and technical opportunities they afford to the company. It offers the business process model and its integration with business rules. This approach could provide business analysts with an essential approach to understanding, redesigning and communicating what really happens in the business processes (in agricultural area). It serves to understand the business impact of any change in small and medium-sized organizations. We use the UML notation and its business model extension.

This article proposes a flexible way in business process modeling and managing. Today, business process needs to be more flexible and adaptable. The regulations and policies in organizations, as origins of change, are often expressed in terms of business rules. The ECA (Event-condition-action) rule is a popular way to incorporate flexibility into a process design. To raise the flexibility in the business processes, the authors consider governing any business activity through ECA rules based on business rules. For adaptability, the separation of concerns supports adaptation in several ways. To cope with flexibility and adaptability, the authors propose a new multi concern rule based model. For each concern, each business rule is formalized using their CECAPENETE formalism (Concern -Event-Condition-Action-Post condition- check Execution- Number of check -Else-Trigger-else Event). Then, the rules based process is translated into a graph of rules that is analyzed in terms of relations between concerns, reliably and flexibility.

As noted in the explanatory note to the «Information Systems Specialist» professional standard, the success of implementing information systems is largely determined by the accuracy of their adaptation to the business processes of the customer organization. Today, BPMN notation is often used as a tool for extracting requirements for information systems. BPMN provides executable semantics that make it possible not only to draw up a detailed specification of a business process, but also to model it with numerical estimates. The aims of this study are to choose tools for teaching students from the number provided by BPMN notation: descriptive, analytical and executable, which allow to implement the third level of modeling; to define a methodology for teaching business modeling, including the ability to execute business processes in the universal BPMN runtimes and as an add-on on the configuration of the information system. The following methods have been used: comparative analysis and testing of the functionality provided for the development of business processes in the Bizagi and 1C: Enterprise tool environments, including the creation of the data and presentation layers necessary for BPMN execution. As a result, the main stages of business modeling are formulated, a functional comparison of tools for working at the following stages has been carried out: development of a business process model; development of a data layer that supports the execution of the process; mapping data to process tasks – forms of user tasks; programming business rules governing the process; execution of a business process by user-performer. The peculiarity of 1C: Enterprise is that the business process is essentially a superstructure over the layers of data and representations of the finished configuration of a process-oriented information system. The authors believe that both the first and the second approach deserve attention in terms of the educational process at the university for students of 09.03.02 «Information systems and technologies» specialty.

Drawing on business rules for constructing business process models by a constraint-driven methodology is a distinct characteristic of declarative process modeling. Given the intricacies of business rules, there is a pragmatic need to conduct conflict-free assessments for business rules in an automatic manner. In this paper, business rules are stated in terms of restricted English by harnessing a group of predefined business rule templates. With linear temporal logic that serves as a semantic foundation for the business rule templates, a pair of business rules represented as a linear temporal logic specification is translated into an associated Büchi automaton via LTL2BA, LTL3BA and ltl2tgba. A Büchi automaton that accepts the empty language signifies that the two business rules are in conflict with each other. The suitability of the formal framework and the three automated tools is evaluated by an industry-level case study.

All companies have business processes, regardless of the size or the industry in which they operate. Both executive and operational managers need insight into software-based business processes and their performance for that transforming business workflows by modeling, simulating, optimizing, and publishing processes and defining business rules. I would like to introduce what kind of possibility the companies have got, when they want to model their business process. I choose the ARIS system from software market. I sketch out the function of ARIS system, and his application possibility. At last I present the best known diagram by means of some practical example.

Semantic process modeling approaches are used in modelling, making use of the process ontology, which is the preferred BPMO. In the process of semantically modeling, using ontology to describe the business process is an important step. Therefore, the text proposed for BPMO-based OWL representation of business process, lays the foundation for resolving issues, such as semantic annotation, machine-understandable, and reasoning on business process. We will put forward the construction and representation of our business process knowledge; examine the workshop business process activities; according to business rules, describe business processes on the basis of the BPMO; represent BPMO-based process on the basis of ontology modeling language OWL; model the process on the foundation of softeware BPMO Modeller. Workshop product packaging as an example, we will verify business processes based on BPMO methods.

Approaches for the analysis and specification of business vocabularies and rules are relevant topics in both Business Process Management and Information Systems Development disciplines. However, in common practice of Information Systems Development, the Business modeling activities still are of mostly empiric nature. In this paper, aspects of the approach for semi-automatic extraction of business vocabularies (BV) from business process models (BPM) are presented. The approach is based on novel business modeling-level OMG standards ?Business Process Model and Notation? (BPMN) and ?Semantics for Business Vocabularies and Business Rules? (SBVR), thus contributing to OMG?s vision of Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) and to model-driven development in general. The discussed extraction approach is evaluated against fully-automatic BPMN BPM ? SBVR BV transformation that has been developed in parallel to the presented work.

Purpose – An integral part of declarative process modelling is to guarantee that the execution of a declarative workflow is compliant with the respective business rules. The purpose of this paper is to establish a formal framework for representing business rules and determining whether any business rules are violated during the executions of declarative process models. Design/methodology/approach – In the approach, a business rule is phrased in terms of restricted English that is related to a constraint template. Linear temporal logic (LTL) is employed as a formalism for defining the set of constraint templates. By exploiting the theorem-proving feature of the Logics Workbench (LWB), business rule violations are then detected in an automatic manner. Findings – This study explored the viability of encoding: first, process executions by means of LTL and second, business rules in terms of restricted English that built upon pattern-oriented templates and LTL. The LWB was used for carrying out temporal reasoning through automated techniques. The applicability of the formal verification approach was exemplified by a case study concerning supply chain management. The findings showed that practical reasoning could be achieved by combining declarative process modelling, restricted English, pattern-oriented templates, LTL and LWB. Originality/value – First, new business rule templates are proposed; second, business rules are expressed in restricted English instead of graphical constructs; third, both finite execution trace and business rules are grounded in LTL. There is no need to deal with the semantic differences between different formalisms; and finally, the theorem prover LWB is used for the conformance checking of a finite execution trace against business rules.

Workflow technology continues to be subjected to on-going development in its traditional application areas of business process modeling and business process coordination [ .It can improve the efficiency and manageability of an enterprises daily teamwork .Traditionally, it is not easy for the workflow modeling method to describe the complex business process clearly and intuitively [ .In this paper ,we improve the role based workflow model and introduces definition and enactment models to characterize workflows. In the way ,flexible modeling and enactment of business process is supported allowing changes even during execution.Finally,an example of Financial Reimbursement System is demonstrated to prove the convenience and feasibility about the method mentioned.

Organizações modernas apresentam demandas relacionadas à automação dos seus processos de negócio devido à alta complexidade dos mesmos e à necessidade de maior eficácia na execução. Neste contexto, a tecnologia de workflow tem se mostrado bastante eficiente, principalmente para a automatização dos processos de negócio. No entanto, por ser uma tecnologia emergente e em evolução, workflow apresenta algumas limitações. Ainda que diversos (meta) modelos de workflow tenham sido propostos nos últimos, anos, seus sub-modelos para representação dos aspectos estruturais da organização apresentam baixo poder de expressão. Além disso, a maioria das ferramentas para modelagem de workflow não provêm funcionalidades para definição, consulta e reuso de padrões. Um dos principais problemas é falta de um mapeamento consolidado entre padrões de funções recorrentes em processos de negócio (ex: solicitação de execução de atividade, aprovação de documentos) e (meta) modelos e/ou ferramentas para modelagem de processos de negócio e workflow. Além disso, a maioria das abordagens em padrões de workflow não exploram a completude e necessidade dos seus padrões para modelagem de workflow. A primeira contribuição desta tese é um Modelo Transacional de Processos de Negócio (MTPN) com suporte aos aspectos estruturais da organização. O metamodelo possibilita a criação de (sub-)processos de negócio a partir do reuso de padrões, principalmente com base nestes aspectos. Adicionalmente, o metamodelo sugere a geração automática de padrões através da Linguagem de Execução para Web Services (BPEL4WS). Outra importante contribuição da tese é um conjunto de padrões de workflow representados como atividades de bloco. Cada padrão descreve uma função recorrente em processos de negócio. A mineração de 190 processos de workflow de mais de 10 organizações diferentes provou a existência dos padrões com alto suporte nos processos de workflow analisados. Além disso, o estudo mostrou que o conjunto de padrões é suficiente e necessário para modelar todos os 190 processos investigados. O estudo também resultou em um conjunto de regras de associação. As regras não apenas contribuem para uma melhor definição dos padrões de atividade de bloco, mas também para a combinação destes com padrões de controle de fluxo.
Modern organizations have demands related to the automation of their business processes since such processes are highly complex and need to be efficiently executed. Within this context, the workflow technology has shown to be very effective, mainly in the business process automation. However, as it is an emergent technology and in constant evolution, workflow presents some limitations. Though several workflow (meta) models have been proposed in recent years, their sub-models for organizational structure aspects representation show limited power of expression. On the other hand, most of the current workflow modeling tools do not provide functionalities that enable users to define, query, and reuse workflow patterns properly. One of the main problems is the non-availability of a consolidated mapping between patterns based on recurrent functions found in business processes (e.g., request for activity execution, notification, decision, or approval) and workflow (meta) models or workflow modeling tools. Relying on these problems, the first contribution of this thesis is a Transactional Metamodel of Business Process (TMBP) with support to organizational structure aspects. The metamodel makes feasible to create business (sub-)processes from the reuse of organizational –based workflow patterns. An additional feature of TMBP supports the generation of business (sub-)processes through the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS). Other important contribution of this thesis is a set of workflow patterns represented as block activity patterns. Each pattern refers to a recurrent business function frequently found in business processes. The mining of 190 workflow processes of more than 10 different organizations has evidenced the existence of the set of workflow patterns with high support in the workflow processes analyzed. Moreover, it became clear through this study that the set of patterns is both necessary and enough to design all 190 processes that were investigated. As a consequence of the mining process, a set of association rules was identified too. The rules not only help to better define specific workflow patterns, but also combine them with existent control flow patterns. These rules can be useful for building more complex workflows.

Para permitir um efetivo gerenciamento de processos de negócio, o primeiro passo é o desenvolvimento de modelos de processo adequados aos objetivos das organizações. Tais modelos são utilizados para descreverem papéis e responsabilidades dos colaboradores nas organizações. Além disso, a modelagem de processos é de grande importância para documentar, entender e automatizar processos. As organizações, geralmente provêm documentos não estruturados e de difícil entendimento por parte dos analistas. Neste panorama, a modelagem de processos se torna demorada e de alto custo, podendo gerar modelos de processo que estão em desacordo com a realidade prevista pelas organizações. A extração de modelos ou fragmentos de processo a partir de descrições textuais pode contribuir para minimizar o esforço necessário à modelagem de processos. Neste contexto, esta dissertação propõe uma abordagem para identificar elementos de processo de negócio em texto em linguagem natural de forma semiautomática. Baseado no estudo de processamento de linguagem natural, foi definido um conjunto de regras de mapeamento para identificar elementos de processo em descrição textual Além disso, para avaliar as regras de mapeamento e viabilizar a abordagem proposta, foi desenvolvido um protótipo capaz de identificar elementos de processo em texto de forma semiautomática. Para medir o desempenho do protótipo proposto, foram utilizadas métricas de recuperação de informação, tais como precisão, revocação e medida-F. Além disso, foram aplicados dois questionários com o objetivo de verificar a aceitação perante os usuários. As avaliações apresentam resultados promissores. A análise de 70 textos, apresentou, em média, 73,61% de precisão, 70,15% de revocação e 71,82% de medida-F. Além disso, os resultados do primeiro e segundo questionários apresentaram, em média, 91,66% de aceitação dos participantes. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é propor regras de mapeamento para identificar elementos de processo em texto em linguagem natural para auxiliar e minimizar o tempo necessário à modelagem de processos realizada pelos analistas de processo.
To enable effective business process management, the first step is the design of appropriate process models to the organization’s objectives. These models are used to describe roles and responsibilities of the employees in an organizations. In addition, business process modeling is very important to report, understand and automate processes. However, the documentation existent in organizations about such processes is mostly unstructured and difficult to be understood by analysts. In this context, process modeling becomes highly time consuming and expensive, generating process models that do not comply with the reality of the organizations. The extracting of process models from textual descriptions may contribute to minimize the effort required in process modeling. In this context, this dissertation proposes a semi-automatic approach to identify process elements in natural language text. Based on the study of natural language processing, it was defined a set of mapping rules to identify process elements in text. In addition, in order to evaluate the mapping rules and to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a prototype was developed able to identify process elements in text in a semiautomatic way To measure the performance of the proposed prototype metrics were used to retrieve information such as precision, recall, and F-measure. In addition, two surveys were developed with the purpose of verifying the acceptance of the users. The evaluations present promising results. The analyses of 70 texts presented, on average, 73.61% precision, 70.15% recall and 71.82% F-measure. In addition, the results of the first and second surveys presented on average 91.66% acceptance of the participants. The main contribution of this work is to provide mapping rules for identify process elements in natural language text to support and minimize the time required for process modeling performed by process analysts.

Šiuo metu vis daugiau įmonių nori apibrėžti organizacijose vykstančius veiklos procesus (toliau VP) atvaizduojant juos grafiškai, tačiau VP modeliuojantis analitikas ne visuomet nustato visus procese esančius apribojimus. Kadangi šių apribojimų jis negali peržiūrėti ir jų patvirtinti sumodeliuotame VP modelyje, padidėja rizika atsirasti neatitikimams ir klaidoms. Tai gali sutrikdyti organizacijos veiklą. Vadovaudamasis pateiktais VP modeliais kiekvienas dalyvis žino, kokia yra jo pozicija organizacijoje bei kokios jam deleguotos atsakomybės. Todėl ir yra svarbu, kad nubraižyti VP modeliai atitiktų realius organizacijos procesus. Taip pat svarbu išlaikyti informacijos vieningumą, modeliuojant kitus veiklos aspektus bei aiškumą bendradarbiaujant organizacijoje. Dėl šių priežasčių reikalingas veiklos žodynas (toliau VŽ), apibrėžiantis organizacijoje naudojamus pagrindinius terminus, faktus ir sinonimus, bei veiklos taisyklės (toliau VT), apibrėžiančios visus apribojimus organizacijoje. Dėl VP pokyčių ir didelės apimties, VŽ ir VT sudarymui turi būti naudojamas automatinis VŽ formavimo ir VT sudarymo metodas, kurio pagalba verslo atstovas sutaupo laiko ir užtikrina jo atitikimą realiai vykstantiems VP. Metodo realizacijai analizuojami VP modeliavimo (BPMN2, UML, Workflow) ir VŽ bei VT (SBVR, SRML ir PRR) formavimo standartai, įvertinant suprantamumą vartotojams, informacijos pateikimą, bei kitas funkcijas (pavyzdžiui, modelių transformavimas į vykdomąjį kodą, XML failo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
There are many organizations that want to represent their business processes (BP) using modeling notations, such as BPMN, UML and Workflow but usually the analyst cannot identify all necessary constraints of BP. Therefore responsibilities for the representatives of the organization cannot be correctly specified which leads to poor quality of work. In order to avoid such problems business process diagrams (BPD) must meet the real world processes. The research area of thesis covers various BP and business rules (BR) modeling notations, the intersection of BP and BR (the relevance and formation of BP and BR, applicability and integration of BR, the extraction of BR and business vocabulary (BV) from BPD). The main issue is the automated extraction of BV and BR from BPD which is used not only to compare business model to real organization processes but also it is useful to have BV in organization for more effective collaboration. The main tasks to solve the identified issue are the analysis of BP with their constraints, analysis of the structures of BR and their applicability in BP, the analysis of structures of BR in BP and finally the formation of the algorithm for the automated result’s extraction, creation and evaluation of prototype. The analysis of existing methods revealed that there is no such method that allows user to form BP and BR effectively integrating all necessary aspects. BPMN and SBVR standards are chosen as main knowledge resources because of their ability to... [to full text]

Disertacijoje tiriamas sprendimų modelių kūrimas verslo taisyklių ir procesų modelių pagalba bei šių modelių transformacijos į programų sistemų komponentus realizuojančius automatizuotus sprendimus informacinėje sistemoje. Analitinėje disertacijos dalyje apžvelgiami sprendimu modeliai ir metodai skirti intelektualizuotų informacinių sistemų kūrimui. Tolimesniuose skyriuose pateikiamas, remiantis analizės rezultatais, sukurtas modelių karkasas ir jo pagrindu sukurtas metodas skirtas sprendimų modelių automatizavimui. Baigiamajame disertacijos skyriuje aprašomi eksperimentai, kuriuose atliekamos sprendimų modelių transformacijos. Galiausiai pateikiami eksperimentų rezultatai ir galutinės išvados.
In the presented thesis we offer modernisation of information system development methods used for implementation of automated information-, rule-, knowledge- and model-based decision processes assisted by early separation and development of a business logic model and implementation of decision-making and knowledge discovery process models with further support to business people with suitable interfaces for modification of decision-making processes without involvement of software developers in later exploitation stages. In the analytical part of the dissertation, decision models and methods of intellectualised information systems are analysed. According to the results obtained during the analysis, investigation on the proposed framework and a decision model based method for decision-making process automation is carried out. In the final chapter several experiments are described in order to evaluate the proposed method, and the general conclusions complete the research.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора філософії за спеціальністю 122 "Комп’ютерні науки". – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2020. Об’єктом дослідження є процес синтезу структури та реструктуризації бізнес-процесів складних систем. Предметом дослідження є моделі та інформаційна технологія аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів на основі використання різних нотацій моделювання. Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню науково-практичної задачі – розробці моделей та інформаційної технології аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів складних систем. У вступі обґрунтовано актуальність теми дисертаційної роботи, зазначено зв’язок роботи з науковими темами, сформульовано мету і задачі дослідження, визначено об’єкт, предмет та методи дослідження, показано наукову новизну та практичне значення отриманих результатів, наведено інформацію про практичне використання, особистий внесок здобувача, апробацію результатів дослідження та їх висвітлення у публікаціях. Приводяться відомості щодо структури та обсягу дисертаційної роботи. У першому розділі проведено аналіз процесу синтезу структури та реструктуризації бізнес-процесів складних систем як об’єкта дослідження. Виділені проблеми, які в даний момент ще не вирішені і є актуальними з точки зору аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів. Детально розглянуті найбільш популярні та поширені нотації опису структури бізнес- процесів (BPMN, EPC, IDEF0 та DFD); сучасні підходи щодо накопичення та аналізу колекцій моделей бізнес-процесів з метою їх повторного використання; формати представлення структури бізнес-процесів (XPDL, AML, BPMN 2.0). Розглянуто існуючі методи та засоби аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів. В результаті здійсненого огляду було визначено, що у розглянутих літературних джерелах не представлені формальні методи, які б дозволили виявити порушення правил побудови структури бізнес-процесів, представлених за допомогою різних нотацій моделювання, та сформувати рекомендації щодо їх усунення. Сформульовано постановку задачі дослідження проблем, які було виявлено під час аналізу процесу синтезу структури та реструктуризації бізнес-процесів складних систем в ролі об’єкта дослідження. Основними з даних проблем є: формалізація правил побудови моделей бізнес-процесів на основі різних нотацій моделювання; розробка узагальненого критерію якості моделей бізнес-процесів; формування методу аналізу та вдосконалення структури бізнес-процесів; розробка моделей, призначених для формування рекомендацій щодо усунення виявлених порушень правил побудови моделей бізнес-процесів; розробка інформаційної технології аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів. У другому розділі сформовано теоретичні основи аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів. На основі рекомендацій щодо побудови моделей бізнес-процесів визначено та формалізовано правила побудови моделей бізнес-процесів з використанням різних нотацій моделювання. Сформовано окремі критерії та розроблено узагальнений критерій якості моделей бізнес-процесів на основі методу адитивної згортки критеріїв. На основі виконаних досліджень отримали подальший розвиток: – метод кількісного аналізу структури бізнес-процесів за рахунок формування коефіцієнтів збалансованості, які, на відміну від існуючого, враховують різні елементи структури бізнес-процесу та особливості їх з’єднання, що дозволяє застосувати сформовані коефіцієнти для аналізу моделей бізнес-процесів у різних нотаціях з метою визначення їх відповідності правилам побудови; – метод оцінки якості моделей бізнес-процесів за рахунок формалізації правил побудови та формування узагальненого критерію якості замість окремих метрик якості моделей бізнес-процесів у певних нотаціях, що дозволяє оцінити якість моделі бізнес-процесу на основі єдиного кількісного показника. Третій розділ присвячено розробці моделей аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів. Було розглянуто метод аналізу та вдосконалення структури бізнес-процесів, який дозволяє виявити та усунути порушення правил побудови моделей бізнес-процесів при використанні різних нотацій моделювання, та відповідні моделі, призначені для формування рекомендацій щодо усунення виявлених порушень правил побудови моделей бізнес-процесів (необхідні зміни у кількості відповідних елементів структури бізнес-процесу та зв’язків між ними), що дозволяє підвищити їхню якість. Оптимізаційні задачі вирішуються на основі використання методу градієнтного спуску. Метод аналізу та вдосконалення структури бізнес-процесів базується на людино- машинній процедурі прийняття рішень, тому було запропоновано процедуру формування зрозумілих людині рекомендацій у вигляді текстових вказівок щодо вдосконалення структури бізнес-процесів на основі результатів вирішення оптимізаційних задач. З метою повторного використання досвіду щодо підвищення якості моделей бізнес-процесів було розроблено процедуру їх групування за подібністю щодо відповідності правилам побудови структури бізнес-процесу. В результаті виконаних досліджень було вперше: – розроблено метод аналізу та вдосконалення структури бізнес-процесів, що дозволяє виявити та усунути порушення правил побудови моделей бізнес-процесів при використанні різних нотацій моделювання; – розроблено моделі, призначені для формування рекомендацій щодо усунення виявлених порушень правил побудови моделей бізнес-процесів, що дозволяє підвищити якість структури бізнес-процесів. У четвертому розділі на основі опису процесу аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів були визначені функціональні можливості та сформульовані вимоги до інформаційної технології. Архітектура інформаційної технології базується на використанні сучасних технологій вилучення, обробки та збереження інформації про структуру бізнес-процесів. Робота користувача з отриманими результатами може здійснюватися як через веб-інтерфейс, так і на основі використання аналітичної приладової панелі, яка демонструє узагальнені результати аналізу та забезпечує підтримку прийняття рішень щодо підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів. Працездатність розробленої інформаційної технології було перевірено на заздалегідь підготовлених моделях бізнес-процесів у різних нотаціях, в яких було навмисно допущено структурні помилки, які порушують правила побудови структури бізнес-процесів у нотаціях BPMN, EPC, IDEF0 та DFD, а також на повнорозмірній вихідній інформації щодо структури бізнес-процесів у різних нотаціях та різної галузевої приналежності. В результаті було удосконалено інформаційну технологію аналізу та підвищення якості структури бізнес-процесів, яка базується на використанні розроблених методу та моделей замість існуючих рішень, що дозволяє автоматизувати виявлення та усунення порушень правил побудови моделей бізнес-процесів при використанні різних нотацій моделювання. Аналіз отриманих результатів дослідження показав, що розроблений метод та моделі, на яких базується інформаційна технологія, на відміну від існуючих формальних методів та засобів, дозволяють не лише більш точно виявити помилки у структурі бізнес-процесів, поданих у нотаціях BPMN, EPC, IDEF0 та DFD, а й оцінити якість структури бізнес-процесу на основі єдиного кількісного показника та отримати рекомендації щодо її підвищення шляхом внесення необхідних змін у кількості відповідних елементів структури бізнес- процесу та зв’язків між ними. Наведено результати впровадження дисертаційного дослідження у ТОВ "Науковий Парк НТУ "ХПІ" (м. Харків), у Інституті монокристалів НАН України (м. Харків), у науково-дослідних роботах та навчальному процесі кафедри програмної інженерії та інформаційних технологій управління Національного технічного університету "ХПІ".
Thesis for obtaining the philosophy doctor scientific degree on the specialty 122 “Computer sciences”. – National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kharkiv, 2020. Object of research is the process of synthesis and redesign of the business process structure of complex systems. Subject of research includes models and information technology of analysis and quality improvement of the business process structure based on the using of various modeling notations. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the scientific and practical problem – development of the models and information technology of analysis and quality improvement of the business process structure of complex systems. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the topic of the dissertation, indicates the relationship with scientific topics, the purpose and objectives of the study are formulated, the object, subject and methods of research are identified, the scientific novelty and practical significance of the obtained results is shown, the information on practical use, personal contribution of the applicant, validation of the research results and their coverage in publications are provided. Information about the structure and scope of the dissertation is given. The first section analyzes the process of synthesis and redesign of the business processes structure of complex systems as a research object. Issues that have not yet been resolved and are relevant in terms of analysis and improvement of the quality of business processes are denoted. The most popular and widely used notations (BPMN, EPC, IDEF0, and DFD) that serve to describe business process structure, modern approaches to storing and analyzing business process model collections for their further reuse, business process structure representation formats (XPDL, AML, BPMN 2.0) are discussed in detail. Existing methods and tools of analysis and improvement of quality of business process structure are considered. As a result of the review, it was determined that the reviewed literature sources are not present formal methods that would allow to identify violations of the rules of structure of business processes, represented by various notations of modeling, and to generate recommendations in order to their elimination. The research problem related to those issues, which were revealed during the analysis of the process of synthesis and restructuring of the structure of business processes of complex systems as a research object, is formulated. The main of these problems are: formalization of rules of business process model design based on different modeling notations; development of the generalized quality criterion for business process models; formation of the method of analysis and improvement of a business process structure; development of the models, which are intended to form recommendations for elimination of revealed violations of business process model design rules; development of the information technology of analysis and quality improvement of the business process structure. The second section describes the theoretical foundations of the analysis and improvement of the quality of the structure of business processes. Based on the recommendations of business process model design, the rules of business process model design using different modeling notations are defined and formalized. Individual criteria have been formed, as well as the generalized quality criterion for business process models has been developed, which is based on the multi-criteria decision making method. The research presented in the second section has allowed elaborating: – the method of quantitative analysis of the business process structure is elaborated through the formation of balance coefficients, which, unlike the existing one, take into account different elements of the business process structure and features of their interrelations, which allows to apply the formed coefficients for the analysis of business process models in different notations in order to determine their compliance with the design rules; – the method of business process model quality assessment is elaborated by formalizing the design rules and generating a generic quality criterion instead of individual business process model metrics for certain notations, which allows to evaluate the business process model quality using a single quantitative metric. The third section is devoted to the development of models of analysis and improvement of the business process structure. There were considered the method of analysis and improvement of the business process structure, which allows detecting and eliminating violations of business process model design rules when using different modeling notations, and the models used to form recommendations for elimination of detected violations of business process model design rules (necessary changes in the number of certain elements of the business process structure and connections between them), which allows to improve the business process structure quality. The corresponding optimization problems are solved using the gradient descent method. The method of analyzing and improving the business process structure is based on the human-machine decision-making process, so it was proposed the procedure for formulating recommendations in the form of understandable text instructions for improving the business process structure based on the results of optimization problem solutions. In order to reuse the experience of improving the business process model quality, the procedure for grouping them by similarity in the context of fulfillment to the rules of business process structure design was developed. As the result of research, for the first time were obtained: – the method of analysis and improvement of the business process structure, which allows identifying and eliminating violations of the rules of building business models when using different modeling notations; – the models designed to formulate recommendations for eliminating identified violations of business process model design rules, which can improve the quality of the business process structure. In the fourth section on the basis of a detailed description of the process of analysis and improvement of the business process structure quality, functional capabilities and requirements for the information technology were defined. The information technology architecture is based on the use of modern technologies for extracting, processing and storing information about the business process structure. User work with the obtained results can be performed either through the web interface or through the analytical dashboard, which demonstrates generalized analysis results and provides decision support for improving the quality of the business process structure. The information technology was validated using prepared business process models provided in various notations, in which structural errors that violate certain business process structure design rules of BPMN, EPC, IDEF0, and DFD notations were intentionally injected; and using the full scale input information on the business process structure provided in different notations and domains. As the result there were improved the information technology of analysis and improvement of quality of business process structure, which is based on the developed method and models instead of existing solutions, which further allows automating detection and elimination of violations of business process models design in various notations. The analysis of the research results has shown that the formed method and the developed models, on which the information technology is based, unlike the existing formal methods and tools, allow not only to more accurately detect errors in the business process structure described using BPMN, EPC, IDEF0, and DFD notations, but also to evaluate the quality of the business process structure on the basis of a single quantitative indicator and obtain recommendations for its improvement by making necessary changes in the number of certain elements of the business process structure and the relations between them. Thesis research results were implemented at the “Scientific Park of NTU “KhPI” LLC (Kharkiv), state scientific institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Science of Ukraine (Kharkiv), in scientific research works and educational process of the Department of Software Engineering and Management Information Technologies of National Technical University “KhPI”.

Atualmente as empresas precisam de sistemas ágeis a mudanças constantes do ambiente do negócio e para garantir que os sistemas cumpram com sua finalidade, os desenvolvedores devem possuir uma compreensão mais aprofundada sobre a organização, seus objetivos, metas e estratégias de mercado. O principal problema para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de software tem sido a dificuldade em se obter informações sobre o domínio da aplicação. Essa dificuldade levou ao surgimento de técnicas de modelagem organizacional, sendo uma atividade valiosa para a compreensão do ambiente empresarial. O EKD - Enterprise Knowledge Development - é uma metodologia que fornece uma forma sistemática e controlada de analisar, entender, desenvolver e documentar uma organização. Infelizmente não possui uma sintaxe e semântica bem definidas, dificultando análises mais complexas dos modelos. Como resultado, o modelo de processos de negócio do EKD pode ser ambíguo e de difícil análise, principalmente em sistemas mais complexos, não sendo possível verificar a consistência e completude do modelo. Neste trabalho, esses problemas serão estudados sob uma abordagem baseada em redes de Petri. O formalismo de redes de Petri a torna uma importante técnica de modelagem para a representação de processos. Além disso, redes de Petri permitem rastrear cada etapa da operação sem ambigüidade e possuem métodos eficientes de análise que garantem que o modelo está livre de erros. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um método de avaliação do modelo de processo de negócio do EKD (MPN-EKD). Por meio desse método é possível verificar se o modelo tem erros de construção e travamentos. Este método pode ser aplicado em modelos direcionados para o desenvolvimento de sistema de informação ou de controle do fluxo de trabalho, e pode ser utilizado também para o estudo de estratégias de trabalho e simulação do fluxo de trabalho.
Nowadays all companies need fast systems and frequent changes on the business environment and to guarantee that the systems are reaching their goals, the developers must have a deeper comprehension of the enterprise, its goals and market strategies. The main problem to the development of software systems has been the difficulty to obtain information about the application domain. This difficulty leaded to the creation of enterprise modeling techniques, which is a valuable activity for the comprehension of business environment. The EKD - Enterprise Knowledge Development - is a methodology that gives a systematic and controlled way to analyze, understand, develop, and document an enterprise. Unfortunately it doesn\'t have syntax neither a semantic well defined, which doesn\'t help on more complex analyses of the models. As a result, the enterprise process model of EKD can be ambiguous and hard to analyze, especially on more complex systems, and also it is not possible to verify the consistency and entireness of the model. On this paper, these problems will be studied under an approach based on Petri nets. Because of the Petri nets formalism this is an important modeling technique to process representation. Furthermore, Petri nets allow the tracking of each step of the operation without ambiguity and also they have efficient methodology for analyses, which guarantee the accuracy of the model. Therefore, this work has the objective to develop an evaluation methodology of the business process model of EKD (MPN-EKD). Such methodology will make possible the verification of possible building and locking model errors. This methodology can be applied to information systems or workflow, and also can be used to study the strategies of work and workflow simulations.

A preocupação da engenharia de software esteve por muito tempo relacionada a aspectos da funcionalidade do sistema, ou seja, com \"o que\" e \"como\" fazer e não com o \"por que\" fazer. Tais aspectos, envolvidos nos processos existentes, buscam a definição das propriedades desejadas, em lugar de observarem a informação de uma forma mais ampla, começando com as necessidades do próprio negócio, ou dos objetivos dos sistemas nele embutidos. As técnicas de análise estruturadas, diagrama de fluxo de dados e modelagem entidade e relacionamento modelam importantes conceitos para o desenvolvimento de sistemas, mas não buscam por soluções alternativas inovadoras aos problemas da organização. É comum encontrar situações onde o sistema não satisfaz às reais necessidades do negócio, embora esteja tecnicamente correto. O entendimento dos aspectos sociais, organizacionais, técnicos, jurídicos e econômicos é essencial para a realização de um bom trabalho de engenharia de requisitos. Nesse sentido, a modelagem organizacional facilita a compreensão do ambiente empresarial e é reconhecida como uma atividade valiosa pela engenharia de requisitos. O modelo organizacional representa o \"mundo\" onde se aplicam as regras do negócio. O entendimento das regras do negócio é muito importante para a organização ser flexível em um ambiente de crescente competitividade. Com a necessidade de se ter a modelagem dos aspectos relativos à organização para que o sistema atenda as suas reais necessidades, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o processo de desenvolvimento de software buscando conhecer técnicas ou métodos que atendem aos requisitos organizacionais, enfatizando o uso de regras do negócio com a finalidade de obter a especificação de requisitos.
The software engineering\'s focus were for a long time related to system\'s functionality aspects, or with \"what\" and \"how\" to do, and not with \"why\" to do. Those aspects in the existents process are looking for the definition of the desired proprieties instead observe the information in a more large aspect, beginning with the business needs itself or the systems goals inserted in it. The structure analysis techniques, flux data diagram, and relationship and entity modeling form important concepts for systems development but do not search for innovating alternatives solutions for organization\'s problems. It is very common to find situations were the system does not satisfy the real business needs, thought it is technically correct. The comprehension of social, organizational, technical, juridical and economics aspects are essential for a good realization of requirements in engineering work. In that way the enterprise modeling makes the business environment comprehension easier and is recognized as a value activity by the requirements engineering. The enterprise model represents the \"world\" where the business rules are applied. The comprehension of the business rules is very important so the organization can be flexible in a growing competitive environment. With the necessity to have a modeling of the relative aspects to the organization so the system can accomplish the real needs, this present research has the objective to investigate a software development process trying to find techniques or methods that answer the enterprise\'s requirement, emphasizing the use of business rules to obtain the specifics requirements.

Knowledge is considered important for the survival and growth of an enterprise. Currently knowledge is stored in various places including the bottom drawers of employees. The human being is considered to be the most important knowledge provider. Over the years knowledge based systems (KBS) have been developed to capture and nurture the knowledge of domain experts. However, such systems were considered to be separate and different from the traditional information systems development. Many KBS development projects have failed. The main causes for such failures have been recognised as the difficulties associated with the process of knowledge elicitation, in particular the techniques and methods employed. On the other hand, the main emphasis of information systems development has been in the areas of data and information capture relating to transaction based systems. For knowledge to be effectively captured and nurtured it is necessary for knowledge to be part of the information systems development activity. This thesis reports on a process of investigation and analysis conducted into the areas of information, knowledge and the overlapping areas. This research advocates a hybrid approach, where knowledge and information capture to be considered as one in a unified environment. A meta-schema design based on Formal Object Role Modelling (FORM), independent of implementation details, is introduced for this purpose. This is considered to be a key contribution of this research activity. Both information and knowledge is expected to be captured through this approach. Meta data types are provided for the capture of business rules and they form part of the knowledge base of an organisation. The integration of knowledge with data and information is also described. XML is recognised by many as the preferred data interchange language and it is investigated for the purpose of rule interchange. This approach is expected to enable organisations to interchange business rules and their meta-data, in addition to data and their schema. During interchange rules can be interpreted and applied by receiving systems, thus providing a basis for intelligent behaviour. With the emergence of new technologies such as the Internet the modelling of an enterprise as a series of business processes has gained prominence. Enterprises are moving towards integration, establishing well-described business processes within and across enterprises, to include their customers and suppliers. The purpose is to derive a common set of objectives and benefit from potential economic efficiencies. The suggested meta-schema design can be used in the early phases of requirements elicitation to specify, communicate, comprehend and refine various artefacts. This is expected to encourage domain experts and knowledge analysts work towards describing each business process and their interactions. Existing business processes can be documented and business efficiencies can be achieved through a process of refinement. The meta-schema design allows for a ?systems view? and sharing of such views, thus enabling domain experts to focus on their area of specialisation whilst having an understanding of other business areas and their facts. The design also allows for synchronisation of mental models of experts and the knowledge analyst. This has been a major issue with KBS development and one of the main reasons for the failure of such projects. The intention of this research is to provide a facility to overcome this issue. The natural language based FORM encourages verbalisation of the domain, hence increasing the understanding and comprehension of available business facts.

Workflow systems aim to provide automated support for the conduct of certain business processes. Workflow systems are driven by workflow specifications which among others, capture the execution interdependencies between various activities. These interdependencies are modelled by means of different control flow constructors, e.g., sequence, choice, parallelism and synchronisation. It has been shown in the research on workflow patterns that the support for and the interpretation of various control flow constructs varies substantially across workflow systems. Two of the most problematic patterns relate to the OR-join and to cancellation. An OR-join is used in situations when we need to model " wait and see" behaviour for synchronisation. Different approaches assign a different (often only intuitive) semantics to this type of join, though they do share the common theme that synchronisation is only to be performed for active paths. Depending on context assumptions this behaviour may be relatively easy to deal with, though in general its semantics is complicated, both from a definition point of view (in terms of formally capturing a desired intuitive semantics) and from a computational point of view (how does one determine whether an OR-join is enabled?). Many systems and languages struggle with the semantics and implementation of the OR-join because its non-local semantics require a synchronisation depending on an analysis of future execution paths. This may require some non-trivial reasoning. The presence of cancellation features and other OR-joins in a workflow further complicates the formal semantics of the OR-join. The cancellation feature is commonly used to model external events that can change the behaviour of a running workflow. It can be used to either disable activities in certain parts of a workflow or to stop currently running activities. Even though it is possible to cancel activities in workflow systems using some sort of abort function, many workflow systems do not provide direct support for this feature in the workflow language. Sometimes, cancellation affects only a selected part of a workflow and other activities can continue after performing a cancellation action. As cancellation occurs naturally in business scenarios, comprehensive support in a workflow language is desirable. We take on the challenge of providing formal semantics, verification techniques as well as an implementation for workflows with those features. This thesis addresses three interrelated issues for workflows with cancellation regions and OR-joins. The concept of the OR-join is examined in detail in the context of the workflow language YAWL, a powerful workflow language designed to support a collection of workflow patterns and inspired by Petri nets. The OR-join semantics has been redesigned to represent a general, formal, and decidable approach for workflows in the presence of cancellation regions and other OR-joins. This approach exploits a link that is proposed between YAWL and reset nets, a variant of Petri nets with a special type of arc that can remove all tokens from a place. Next, we explore verification techniques for workflows with cancellation regions and OR-joins. Four structural properties have been identified and a verification approach that exploits coverability and reachability notions from reset nets has been proposed. The work on verification techniques has highlighted potential problems with calculating state spaces for large workflows. Applying reduction rules before carrying out verification can decrease the size of the problem by cutting down the size of the workflow that needs to be examined while preserving some essential properties. Therefore, we have extended the work on verification by proposing reduction rules for reset nets and for YAWL nets with and without OR-joins. The proposed OR-join semantics as well as the proposed verification approach have been implemented in the YAWL environment.

This thesis focuses on modeling of business processes which are very sensitive on correct capturing of process details characterized as process events and states. At the beginning of the analysis are the process events and states classified into three types: activity related, object related and time related. Each type is analyzed in detail and there are formulated states and their transitions that form a lifecycle of each individual type of the process state. There are discussed contemporary process modeling languages starting from the very popular to relatively less known, all representing slightly different approach towards process modeling. The analysis of process events and states shows that the contemporary process modeling languages cover the defined lifecycles only partially. There are picked three popular process modeling languages and put through a test case, which is based on Czech regulation of a building process. This test case allows us to review their capabilities to capture the process events including the ways how they get along with their only partial support. Upon analysis of process events and states and the unsatisfying results of the con-temporary process modeling languages in the test case, there is introduced a new process modeling language which, as demonstrated, is capable of capturing many of the process events and states in the test case in much simpler and precise way that the three reviewed process modeling languages were able to.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) can provide solutions to many challenges of asset management, such as missing data, incompatible software, and an unclear business process. However, current implementation of BIM in infrastructure projects has only considers limited factors, such as technology application and digital information delivery, while issues of system compatibility and information needs are still missing. Different aspects of a business are interdependent and an incompatible development of various factors might result in different levels of BIM implementation or even project failure. Comprehensive research is needed to explore the key factors and challenges of BIM implementation in infrastructure projects. This study conducted interviews and surveys with key stakeholders of infrastructure projects to explore the challenges and potential solutions of BIM implementation. Interviews were conducted with 37 professionals and surveys were conducted with 102 professional stakeholders, including owners, designers, contractors, and software vendors. Four main factors, challenges, and potential solutions were identified from content analysis of the interviews and further validated by the surveys. These factors include process factor (when), technology factor (how), people factor (who), and information factor (what). Corresponding solutions are proposed to refine the current workflow and practices.

The aerospace industry is beginning to grapple with the reality of certifying electric aircraft (EA), signaling the maturing of the field. Many players are ramping up their activities to respond to imminent technical, safety, and regulatory requirements. While there are gaps in EA knowledge as well as the processes for certifying them, some leading standards development organizations (SDOs) such as SAE International, ASTM International, and RTCA—ably supported by representatives from regulatory agencies—are stepping in to address many of these issues. Of special importance are the new rule changes in the normal category (14 CFR Part 23, Amendment 64) that shift from a prescriptive philosophy to “performance-based rules.” Regarding system knowledge, there has been a trend in the use electrical energy to power systems that have long employed mechanical hydraulics. In the new EA paradigm, these components will be employed at criticality levels not previously witnessed in conventional aircraft, calling for a specific set of certification demands. Unsettled Issues Regarding the Certification of Electric Aircraft tackles the certification challenges faced by EA manufacturers in both the small (normal) and large (transport) categories, addressing technical, business, and process issues.

The problem of determining the investment priorities of the national economy development has been actuated. It has been argued that the formation of institutional preferences for activation of industry investment processes should be carried out taking into account the potential ability of each sectoral group enterprises to increase the added value. The scientific and methodical approach for sub-sectors investment attractiveness assessment has been formed on the example of the Ukrainian food industry. It has been recommended to use for this substantiated set of relative performance indexes which are duplicated in aggregate statistical state surveys based on the enterprise’s financial statements. It has been formed the recommendations for the investment priorities of food industry development in Ukraine which are based on the appropriate calculations made by the TOPSIS and CRITIC methods. Methods of economic-statistical and comparative analysis were used for structural and dynamic characteristics of the Ukraine industrial enterprises activities. Given that innovation processes should also cover small and medium-sized industrial enterprises, whose resource opportunities are mostly limited, it is proposed to expand them within the framework of a strategic partnership. Graphic modeling methods have been used to visualize the process of building the business structures resource potential on the basis of their strategic partnership. The influence of the motivational environment on the value of organizational relations within the partnership has been formalized.