Dissertations / Theses: 'Business networks – China'

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Ng, Ping-kit Freeman. "Strategic networks in greater China : information technology product cases /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19908830.

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Lau, Po-wah Chris, and 劉寶華. "Japanese business networks: Hong Kong case studies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30433265.

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Fellner, Amira. "Role of Culture in Economic Development: China Study of China and Latin America." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/236.

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The purpose of my thesis is to demonstrate the economic development of China and Latin America. My reason for choosing these two regions for my study is because they are both Third World Nations. My intention on writing this thesis is to prove that culture and the informal business networks of China are the major forces of what is driving the Chinese economy ahead of Latin America. I will explain how the definition of culture ties in with the economic society of both regions. In writing about culture, I will attempt to explain if there really is a difference between trust in each society. To better interpret this thesis, I came up with several variables of economy that will help explain each region's development. These variables are federal direct investment (FDI), labor, and funding of businesses in each region. In my study, I present the different approaches that are taken by each region to attract FDI. In addition, I will explain how and if informal networking is beneficial to the work force and the funding of businesses in each region. The majority of my research for this thesis consisted on reviewing past articles of scholarly journals. From these journals I drew conclusions of my own and compared them to other scholars' work. I also analyzed such websites like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank and various others to be able to come up with my own findings necessary to complete my thesis. To anticipate the conclusion, this thesis notes how important it is for each region to find its own unique way to attract FDI and how culture can impact the development of an economy. In my thesis, I am including the importance of trust in the society and the significance of the informal business networks on the Chinese economy.

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Gu, Fang Flora, and 顧芳. "Three studies on business-to-business relations: effects of fairness, guanxi, and national animosity on firmperformance in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3625342X.

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Fan, Tak-yu David, and 范德瑜. "An analysis on business networks of the vertical transportation industry in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267129.

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Zhao, Shaoyu. "Social networks, business strategy, and competitive advantage of private enterprises in China." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42329/.

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This study focuses on how the social networks of entrepreneurs shape the business strategies adopted by the Chinese private enterprises and the role of social networks in sustaining competitive advantage. Using data collected from 418 surveys and 53 interviews with private entrepreneurs in Guangdong Province in 2013, this study investigates how entrepreneurs embedded in different business-to-business (B2B) networks and business-to-government (B2G) networks perceive the role of social networks in the design and implementation of business strategies. This study also explores the types of political participation private entrepreneurs use to overcome discrimination that undermines their legitimacy and constrains access to resources. The findings from logistic regression and analysis of interviews indicate that private entrepreneurs perceive that B2B networks enable their firms to access accurate information to seize business opportunities, and strengthen long-term oriented buyer-supplier relationships. B2G networks help private firms to overcome the administrative obstacles and access state controlled resources. Private entrepreneurs also employ various political strategies to advance their interests. They usually value more highly membership of the People’s Congress (PC) or People’s Political Consultative Conference (PPCC) over membership of the Communist Party in strengthening B2G connections and establishing firm legitimacy. Overall, this study of Guangdong entrepreneurs contributes to the business literature in seeking to integrate theories about social networks and business strategy. It provides empirical data on how the private enterprises in China use their social networks in business. The results extend the understanding of social network in business strategy and contribute to the studies on social network theory and strategic management in transition countries. A deeper understanding of the role of the social networks in the business environment in China helps managers to choose a more suitable strategy to compete in the market.

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Mikhailitchenko, Andrei G. "Symbiotic networks in SME internationalization a U.S.- China- Russia study /." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1206296716.

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Thesis (D.B.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-214). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.

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吳炳杰 and Ping-kit Freeman Ng. "Strategic networks in greater China: information technology product cases." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126914X.

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Bao, Qiong. "High tech entrepreneurship : an exploratory study of entrepreneurial network competence in China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/668.

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10

Leong, Gary, and 梁偉章. "Business network of telecommunication industry in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267439.

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Johansson, Cecilia, and Elisabeth Reischl. "Offshoring to China : A case study of an SMEs offshoring to China." Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1819.

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The rising globalisation, supported by rapid technology innovations has changed our current business environment within the last years. As a result, especially SMEs have to cope with a higher pressure of maximising their efficiency and competitiveness in order to survive on the market. Nevertheless, many managers recognised the great potential of outsourcing to utilise the enormous benefits of external suppliers to solve this problem. For instance, it enables the SMEs to concentrate on their core capabilities combined with exploiting synergy affects of the supplier cooperation as costs savings, access to R&D knowledge etc. But the outsourcing dimension changed as well, due to the increased globalisation, companies are not hesitating anymore to step over their country boundaries and offshore to high promising emerging countries like China. However, offshoring cannot perform miracles, more it presents one of the most strategic and complex decisions affecting the whole company.

Based on these facts, this Master Thesis investigates how an SME should outsource to China. The basis of the outsourcing decision is examined to make the right strategic decision, which is illustrated with a developed model. More, the supplier selection and maintenance are explained, followed by the description of the facts which have to be considered when offshoring to China. Particularly due to the focus on offshoring to China, this thesis will further look into the affects of the Chinese culture on the companies’ networks. The research is based on a case study, which is further used to derive general conclusions for other SMEs.

The result of the investigation is that SMEs should decide which parts to outsource from a strategic point of view. Further to cope with the lack of resources and the Chinese cultural issues the cooperation with an intermediary is recommended.

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Gu, Fang Flora. "Three studies on business-to-business relations effects of fairness, guanxi, and national animosity on firm performance in China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3625342X.

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Li, Juan Julie. "Social relations of foreign firms in China a focus on trust, network ties and social capital /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36296326.

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Zhang, Xian. "Family ownership and business performance of unlisted Chinese family firms : the mediating roles of hybrid governance mechanisms and guanxi networks." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683095.

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Lee, Pui-fong Eric, and 李培芳. "Alliances & networks: a path to success in airport railway." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268109.

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Tavares, Diogo Raimundo Filipe. "The relevance of Guanxi networks for INV start business in China? A case study approach." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6114.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
In the last two decades the business world has been quaked by a new type of enterprises, the International New Ventures (INVs). And it has been dazed as well by the swift emergence of a new economic key player: China. Small companies that internationalize almost since inception are growing steadily and comprising all business scopes throughout the world. These companies lack resources and the means to obtain them, so theirs entrepreneurs will rely on networks to access resources and new opportunities. In China networking is especially imperative, where guanxi is more than a business tool, it’s in fact a way of living. Chinese rely on guanxi for all social aspects of their lives and there is a special etiquette while applying and conducting guanxi. This dissertation’s central question is the importance of guanxi for foreign countries doing business in China, and in order to answer it, a multi-case study approach was followed,composed by four INVs whose business scope are different from each other. Results showed that guanxi was vital for the formation of the business, it was the network developed in China that allowed the entrepreneurs to found their own companies. Half of the interviewees agreed guanxi is ethically reprehensible, due to the promiscuity and collusion it creates within the economy. Very important is the fact that all four companies are extremely dependent on guanxi to proceed with their daily operations, and regard guanxi as essential for the future evolution of the company inside China. Overall, guanxi is essential for foreign companies identify, maintain and enhance business in China.
Nas últimas duas décadas, o mundo empresarial tem sido revolucionado por um novo tipo de empresas, as International New Ventures (INVs). Outro acontecimento que tem deslumbrado o mundo é a rápida emergência de um novo interveniente económico: a China. A internacionalização de pequenas empresas aquando da sua fundação está a aumentar firmemente , e abrange praticamente todos os sectores económicos. Estas mesmas empresas dispõem de poucos recursos, e os empreendedores tentam recorrer a redes de contactos para aceder a recursos e oportunidades de negócio. Na China, a utilização de redes de contactos é especialmente imperativa, onde o guanxi é mais do que uma ferramenta de negócio, mas uma forma de viver. O povo chinês depende do guanxi em todos os aspectos da sua vida e uma determinada etiqueta social é necessária enquanto se aplica e conduz guanxi. A questão central desta dissertação é a importância do guanxi para as empresas estrangeiras que façam negócios na China, e de maneira a responder adequadamente á questão foi elaborado um estudo de vários casos, composto por quatro INVs cujas áreas de negócio são diferentes umas das outras. Os resultados mostram que o guanxi foi essencial para a formação das empresas, e foi a rede de contactos que os empreendedores desenvolveram na China que permitiu a criação das mesmas. Metade dos entrevistados concordaram que o guanxi é eticamente condenável, dada a presumível promiscuidade e conluio que provoca na economia. Um facto muito importante é o de que as quatro empresas foram, e são, extremamente dependentes do guanxi para a manutenção das suas operações diárias, e consideram o guanxi como fulcral para a futura evolução das suas empresas na China. Concluindo, o guanxi é fundamental para as empresas estrangeiras identificarem,manterem e melhorarem os seus negócios na China.

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Li, Juan Julie, and 李娟. "Social relations of foreign firms in China: afocus on trust, network ties and social capital." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36296326.

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Leung, Kin-heung Ray, and 梁健鄉. "How to use networking to increase internal efficiency and then increase external effectiveness in an international environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268110.

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Schmeisser, David Cyrus. "China and the changing structure of global production networks : an in-depth case study of a German multinational enterprise and its supply chains in Germany and China." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648244.

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Kwok, Wai-yuk Sonia, and 郭慧鈺. "A study of how networking is applied in the Hong Kong garmentindustry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268882.

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Gao, Chong. "The making of migrant entrepreneurs in contemporary China : an ethnographic study of garment producers in suburban Guangzhou /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36429880.

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Gao, Chong, and 高崇. "The making of migrant entrepreneurs in contemporary China: an ethnographic study of garment producers in suburbanGuangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3733542X.

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Li, Xiaobei Organisation &amp Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "Guanxi in Inter-firm relationship management in China." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Organisation and Management, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30380.

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The interaction of the personnel boundary in inter-firm relationship management is viewed as particularistic in China instead of universalistic as in many Western cultures. Specifically, guanxi networks, the Chinese system of inter-personal relationship, have strong strategic implications for business interactions. The practices of guanxi and the social norms associated with guanxi are complicated. On the one hand, guanxi practices can be traced back to Confucianism; on the other hand, guanxi???s significance has been changing in line with China???s economic reform. In this research, we have attempted to find what presently constitutes good guanxi in inter-firm relationship management against this dynamic backdrop. Additionally, from the transaction cost economies (TCE) perspective, we provide an analysis that guanxi-based business practices offer transaction cost advantages as an alternative to market-based practices. We argue that such advantages partially result from guanxi???s effect on the reduction of opportunist behaviors. Backed up by 97 questionnaire responses from firms in Shanghai and 15 semi-structured interviews, our study confirms that, in inter-firm relationships management, trust, affection and long-term orientation are features of close guanxi. To enhance guanxi quality, familiarization by self-disclosure and the presence of mutual benefits are also necessary, providing practical implications for business practitioners in China. Our study also indicates that guanxi business partners are expected to be obligational in business and flexible in contingencies. Opportunistic behaviors can be mitigated by adopting guanxi practices, supporting the TCE logic. In an absence of a rationalized legal system, guanxi may fill the gaps in the enforcement of the written contract.N

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Williams, Donna Clare, and n/a. "Doing Environment Business With China Through Cross-Cultural Networks: A Dynamic Model for Small-to-Medium Australian Enterprises." Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060313.140417.

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The research is a critical analysis of the operational aspects of doing environment business with China through cross-cultural networks. In particular the investigation involved establishing an intensively documented, longitudinal profile of a single network. This network comprised Australian Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Chinese players based in the People's Republic of China. This profile covers a period of two decades. The research adopted a broad multi-disciplinary and inductive approach, using action research, case study methods, and systems analysis techniques. An innovative approach used time values as a constant to analyse the relativity of player connections, activities and structural levels in the network. This approach drew its applied orientation from the environmental sciences, and its theoretical base from the social science disciplines of marketing and international business. The specific field of study was the structure and evolutionary dynamics of networks. The outcome of the research is a model Australian SMEs can use for doing environment business with China. This model sets environment business in the context of a wider trading network of Chinese, Australian, South East Asian, and Middle Eastern players. The cornerstone of this model is the corporate role of the academic sector in accessing the Chinese environmental market. The research shows in detail how Australian SMEs can, and do, use cross-cultural academic linkages for trade. Such linkages facilitate market research, negotiation, risk management, product development, and the establishment of distribution channels in Asian markets. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a number of parallel nets of Chinese players to facilitate trade and overcome interruptions or obstacles. The research has contributed to knowledge by establishing an Asia-oriented, empirically derived model that differs substantially from the mono-cultural models in current practice in the Australian environment industry. The intensive investigation of the network of SMEs and Chinese players has identified the entrepreneurial strengths of SMEs in the international marketplace. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view that SMEs must depend on larger players for export success. In addition, the research has established that this kind of network has a clan-like structure. This finding is central to the model. The research demonstrates that a clan-like structure is a flexible framework that is compatible with the independence and capacity of small firms to adapt to change and to make decisions. This characteristic of SMEs enables them to proceed without, and at times in spite of, the encumbrances of large and unwieldy corporate and institutional structures. This finding is directly contrary to the belief prevalent in the Australian environment industry that SMEs depend on larger players to enter international markets. The finding also challenges the established view that Chinese networks are relatively closed systems based on family ties. The research shows that Australian SMEs can become part of these systems either directly or through links, and have many common attributes with their Chinese counterparts. The research has made a key contribution to theory by using these findings to develop an organic network model that differs from the so-called contrived network. This empirically derived theoretical model represents the seven dimensions of cross-cultural collaboration. The four social dimensions are the personal, organisational, sectoral and regional levels of a person-centred network, composed of nets of individuals with extensive linkages to other individuals and to organisations. The three dynamic dimensions are the triadic, the temporal, and the trading levels of interaction between the players. This theoretical model also demonstrates the depth of cross-connection between the nets of individual, and the embeddedness of the network in other networks. The model emphasises the centrality of time as the key connector between the social dimensions of the network and the exchange processes that characterise clan-like interactions. The model also represents the layers of evolutionary development that characterise the exchange processes in the network. These layers include adaptive processes, short-term exchanges, and long-term exchanges, and exchanges that derive from particular arrangements of players and market openings at critical points in time. This model extends concepts that have emerged from the original International Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Interaction Model, and gives empirical credence to recent philosophical, but untested, views on the relevance of time as a context for interaction.

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Williams, Donna Clare. "Doing Environment Business With China Through Cross-Cultural Networks: A Dynamic Model for Small-to-Medium Australian Enterprises." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365405.

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The research is a critical analysis of the operational aspects of doing environment business with China through cross-cultural networks. In particular the investigation involved establishing an intensively documented, longitudinal profile of a single network. This network comprised Australian Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Chinese players based in the People's Republic of China. This profile covers a period of two decades. The research adopted a broad multi-disciplinary and inductive approach, using action research, case study methods, and systems analysis techniques. An innovative approach used time values as a constant to analyse the relativity of player connections, activities and structural levels in the network. This approach drew its applied orientation from the environmental sciences, and its theoretical base from the social science disciplines of marketing and international business. The specific field of study was the structure and evolutionary dynamics of networks. The outcome of the research is a model Australian SMEs can use for doing environment business with China. This model sets environment business in the context of a wider trading network of Chinese, Australian, South East Asian, and Middle Eastern players. The cornerstone of this model is the corporate role of the academic sector in accessing the Chinese environmental market. The research shows in detail how Australian SMEs can, and do, use cross-cultural academic linkages for trade. Such linkages facilitate market research, negotiation, risk management, product development, and the establishment of distribution channels in Asian markets. The study also demonstrates the importance of using a number of parallel nets of Chinese players to facilitate trade and overcome interruptions or obstacles. The research has contributed to knowledge by establishing an Asia-oriented, empirically derived model that differs substantially from the mono-cultural models in current practice in the Australian environment industry. The intensive investigation of the network of SMEs and Chinese players has identified the entrepreneurial strengths of SMEs in the international marketplace. This finding contrasts with the prevailing view that SMEs must depend on larger players for export success. In addition, the research has established that this kind of network has a clan-like structure. This finding is central to the model. The research demonstrates that a clan-like structure is a flexible framework that is compatible with the independence and capacity of small firms to adapt to change and to make decisions. This characteristic of SMEs enables them to proceed without, and at times in spite of, the encumbrances of large and unwieldy corporate and institutional structures. This finding is directly contrary to the belief prevalent in the Australian environment industry that SMEs depend on larger players to enter international markets. The finding also challenges the established view that Chinese networks are relatively closed systems based on family ties. The research shows that Australian SMEs can become part of these systems either directly or through links, and have many common attributes with their Chinese counterparts. The research has made a key contribution to theory by using these findings to develop an organic network model that differs from the so-called contrived network. This empirically derived theoretical model represents the seven dimensions of cross-cultural collaboration. The four social dimensions are the personal, organisational, sectoral and regional levels of a person-centred network, composed of nets of individuals with extensive linkages to other individuals and to organisations. The three dynamic dimensions are the triadic, the temporal, and the trading levels of interaction between the players. This theoretical model also demonstrates the depth of cross-connection between the nets of individual, and the embeddedness of the network in other networks. The model emphasises the centrality of time as the key connector between the social dimensions of the network and the exchange processes that characterise clan-like interactions. The model also represents the layers of evolutionary development that characterise the exchange processes in the network. These layers include adaptive processes, short-term exchanges, and long-term exchanges, and exchanges that derive from particular arrangements of players and market openings at critical points in time. This model extends concepts that have emerged from the original International Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Interaction Model, and gives empirical credence to recent philosophical, but untested, views on the relevance of time as a context for interaction.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Sciences
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Wong, Susan So Shan. "Development of international business networks : a comparative analysis of internationalizing Australian and Chinese firms in creative industries." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28821.

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Due to increasing globalization, firms nowadays, especially growth-oriented SMEs, tend to increase their reliance on network linkages to compete successfully in the international market. Although knowledge access/transfer through network linkages has been regarded as a source of competitive advantage, views on the optimality of network structure that brings maximum benefits for firms are still diverse. This may due to the different contexts and theoretical perspectives that the previous studies are based on. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the mechanisms whereby network structures can be utilized to facilitate effective knowledge transfer for a balanced combination of exploration and exploitation in the context of intemationalizing entrepreneurial SMES in the creative industries. The major theories that this study draws on are strategic management theory (RBV and KBV) and network theory within the domain of international entrepreneurship. A multidisciplinary approach is adopted in attempting to explain the complex phenomenon of development and utilization of international business network ties in different environments. That is, a variety of peripheral theories and concepts, viz, co-evolutionary perspective, perceived environmental turbulence, entrepreneurial orientation, economic sociology (embeddedness and social capital), network structure (structural and relational embeddedness), and organizational learning (explorative and exploitative learning), are employed. This study aims to contribute to the theoretical understanding and practical implications of optimizing network configuration for effective knowledge transfer and learning. More specifically, it attempts to investigate how the interaction between the firm and the environment affects the firm’s development of non-redundant or redundant ties for achieving explorative and/or exploitative learning outcomes in the course of internationalization. In this study, it is argued that the entrepreneurial firm’s perceived environmental turbulence may influence its design of business network structure and thus the choice of learning strategies (exploration and exploitation). It suggests that both non-redundant and redundant ties (structural embeddedness) need to be complemented by an appropriate level of network relationship quality (relational embeddedness) — based on the social capital perspective - in facilitating knowledge transfer for a balanced combination of exploratory and exploitative learning and hence knowledge/value creation for successful survival. Following Burt’s (1998) and Rowley et al.’s (2000) suggestion, this study will take the stance that the optimality of network configuration may depend on both the environmental and industrial contexts. Amongst the different types of network, this study focuses on the business network (Hakansson, 1985; Ford, 2003) which refers to the sets of connected relationships formed between the focal firm and its major business partners (for example, distributors, suppliers) during the course of its internationalization. The principle unit of analysis is ‘international business network development’. That is, using twelve intemationalizing entrepreneurial SMES to investigate the intricacies of international business network development. On the broader level, the study aims to contribute to the stream of network research in international entrepreneurship by cross-fertilizing the strategic (RBV and KBV) and network theory to explain the complex phenomenon of international business networks development by intemationalizing entrepreneurial SMEs in different environments. Narrowing it down, it seeks to add to the recent stream of research that focuses on the relationships between network structure (based on the embeddedness and social capital perspectives), knowledge transfer/creation, and learning (Inkpen & Tsang, 2005; Lavie and Rosenkopf, 2006; Moran, 2005; Rowley et al. 2000; Uzzi, 1997; Uzzi & Lancaster, 2003; Vanhaverbeke et al. 2004, 2009). By analyzing the data collected from twelve intemationalizing entrepreneurial firms (publishing and digital content sectors) from two countries (Australia and China), this thesis concludes that: i) In responding to a higher degree of perceived environmental turbulence, a firm’s proactiveness in developing international business network (or non-redundant) ties for explorative learning increases; ii) However, the regulatory dimension of the local institutional environment, the firm’s (entrepreneur’s) previous international experience appear to be playing a moderating role between the firm’s perceived degree of environmental turbulence and level of proactiveness in international business network (non-redundant) ties development, iii) Instead of treating exploration and exploitation as a trade—off and focusing on either one according to different levels of environmental turbulence, the firms are aligning to both explorative and exploitative learning by leveraging the resources (especially knowledge) of their major business partners, iv) Both non—redundant and redundant ties need to be complemented by a good level of relational embeddedness (perceived trustworthiness, perceived reputation, mutual goal/reciprocity, relational closeness, trust, and perceived competence) for effective knowledge transfer and learning, and v) Amongst the relational elements, perceived trustworthiness and perceived reputation tend to have a more significant association with non-redundant and/or new ties and explorative learning outcomes.

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Harlan, Tyler Russ. "Entrepreneurship and development in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5026.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Resource Management and Geography, 2009.
Typescript. Appendix III in Chinese language and Appendix IV in Uyghur language. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-151)

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Matschy, Alexandra, and Liu Meng. "Using Chinese universities as a source of Technology Scouting in China." Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus School of Business and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6576.

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Over the last few decades trends such as globalization have sharpened up competition on the worldwide open market and in order to meet customers demand high level of technological and competitive uncertainties have increased the pressure of reducing R&D budgets, reduce innovation cycles and shorter time to market as a consequence of the rising competition and as a result, forced companies to source external knowledge. One way of doing this is by tapping external information and knowledge from universities.China is a country with a steady rapid growth on science and technology, but also with a progressively increasing R&D. Today they have the highest input level in the history and this is an opportunity for Western MNCs to establish collaborations in order to gain competitive advantages and create new technology. This study focuses on Industry-University collaborations in China for high technological companies and the process of finding knowledge and establishes networks at Chinese universities with the aim of establish Industry-University collaboration. Based on literature review and a qualitative study of Chinese universities, this thesis explores how a MNC can build a network of local universities connection in a fast growing market and use this network as a source of technology scouting.Over the last few decades trends such as globalization have sharpened up competition on the worldwide open market and in order to meet customers demand high level of technological and competitive uncertainties have increased the pressure of reducing R&D budgets, reduce innovation cycles and shorter time to market as a consequence of the rising competition and as a result, forced companies to source external knowledge. One way of doing this is by tapping external information and knowledge from universities.China is a country with a steady rapid growth on science and technology, but also with a progressively increasing R&D. Today they have the highest input level in the history and this is an opportunity for Western MNCs to establish collaborations in order to gain competitive advantages and create new technology. This study focuses on Industry-University collaborations in China for high technological companies and the process of finding knowledge and establishes networks at Chinese universities with the aim of establish Industry-University collaboration. Based on literature review and a qualitative study of Chinese universities, this thesis explores how a MNC can build a network of local universities connection in a fast growing market and use this network as a source of technology scouting.

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鄭宏泰 and Hongtai Zheng. "The invisible linkages: a study of Chaozhou rice entrepreneurs in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214873.

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Kwong, Sing-szee, and 鄺勝仕. "Networking of Chinese entrepreneurs and managers in Hong Kong: an exploratory study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244336.

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Zhang, Linlin. "The role of social networks in e-commerce entrepreneurship in China : a study of private e-business in Anhui Province." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/759.

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This study sheds light on the role of social networks in entrepreneurship in the e- commerce sector in contemporary China. It examines the usefulness of network ties for entrepreneurship, specifically the capacity of network ties to provide information, advice, resources and emotional support during the creation and growth stages of small and medium-sized e-commerce businesses. Using data from semi-structured interviews with 30 private entrepreneurs in Anhui province in China, I first identified the roles played by family, friendship, business and political ties in e-commerce entrepreneurship, as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. I then examined the changes in the roles of different network ties in e-commerce entrepreneurship as businesses move from the firm creation stage to the firm growth stage. Following this, I compared online and offline social networks to understand the similarities and differences in their respective effects on e-commerce entrepreneurship. My study presents three main research findings. The first research finding is about the role of strong ties in entrepreneurship. Specifically, I found that strong ties, such as family and friendship ties, are especially important for Chinese entrepreneurs to acquire scarce resources, especially financial and human resources, and for providing emotional support to cope with the highs and lows of running a business. However, there are also disadvantages brought by these strong network ties, including 'over- embeddedness' and conflict with family members and between friends. In addition, although strong ties are important for entrepreneurs to acquire scarce resources during the firm creation stage, its role might diminish as the firm grows. The second research finding is about the role of weak ties in entrepreneurship. In contrast with strong ties, weak ties, such as online business ties, are quite important for e-businesses to connect with a diverse range of people to get a diverse range of resources, advice and information, and emotional support. With the help of the Internet, entrepreneurs can easily develop these weak ties. Last but not least, the third research finding is about the role of political ties. To be specific, under the marketization trend in the e- commerce sector, the role of political ties in entrepreneurship is decreasing. Political ties are not necessary during the firm creation stage, but they might become useful in solving problems that arise in the growth stage, such as tax issues. There are three contributions of the study on the relationship between social networks and entrepreneurship. Firstly, the role of strong ties is found to have advantages and limitations in providing resources, advice and information and emotional support in entrepreneurship in the e-commerce sector, like in other sectors studied by previous research. Secondly, weak ties play an important role in connecting with a diverse number of acquaintances in providing them, especially as firms grow. In e-commerce sector, the Internet helps entrepreneurs to develop these weak ties. Last but not least, the macro-social conditions in an economy and in a specific sector should be considered when studying the role of network ties in entrepreneurship.

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Pan, Grace Wen, and n/a. "Business Partnership Relationships in the Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia." Griffith University. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040719.110427.

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The Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia has been acknowledged as an emerging market and a major export earner. However, Australian inbound tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognising the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-Australian partnership relationships in the tourism industry, and to educate Australian tourism operatives about this process to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. Hence, the principal research question posed in this thesis is: How might Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers establish and maintain partnership relationships with Chinese travel agents to help Australia become a preferred tourist destination for Chinese tourists? This study is exploratory in nature and draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia. The literature on networking, and the development of networking relationships, has been theorised drawing principally on the marketing and management literature. The impact of cross-cultural differences and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking, on partnership relations between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators, is also reviewed and discussed. One of the main contributions of this research is its multidisciplinary nature, drawing on relationship marketing and network theories and applying them to tourism research. Little research has been undertaken into tourism-based partnership relations in the cross-national context. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-cultural nature, a qualitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilised in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators is, as expected, highly culturally embedded but in unexpected ways. Although all the Australian inbound tour operators in the study are of Chinese descent, they have adapted to Australian culture and business ethics, giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed by incorporating cross-cultural factors into Western theories on networking and relationship marketing. In particular, the thesis identifies important factors in each stage of the process of developing business relationships. For example, resilient trust and mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Disproving popular myths about guanxi in some of the previous literature, the findings from this research demonstrate that, in China's economic transition period, guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators.

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Pan, Grace Wen. "Business Partnership Relationships in the Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365500.

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The Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia has been acknowledged as an emerging market and a major export earner. However, Australian inbound tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognising the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-Australian partnership relationships in the tourism industry, and to educate Australian tourism operatives about this process to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. Hence, the principal research question posed in this thesis is: How might Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers establish and maintain partnership relationships with Chinese travel agents to help Australia become a preferred tourist destination for Chinese tourists? This study is exploratory in nature and draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia. The literature on networking, and the development of networking relationships, has been theorised drawing principally on the marketing and management literature. The impact of cross-cultural differences and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking, on partnership relations between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators, is also reviewed and discussed. One of the main contributions of this research is its multidisciplinary nature, drawing on relationship marketing and network theories and applying them to tourism research. Little research has been undertaken into tourism-based partnership relations in the cross-national context. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-cultural nature, a qualitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilised in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators is, as expected, highly culturally embedded but in unexpected ways. Although all the Australian inbound tour operators in the study are of Chinese descent, they have adapted to Australian culture and business ethics, giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed by incorporating cross-cultural factors into Western theories on networking and relationship marketing. In particular, the thesis identifies important factors in each stage of the process of developing business relationships. For example, resilient trust and mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Disproving popular myths about guanxi in some of the previous literature, the findings from this research demonstrate that, in China's economic transition period, guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Tourism and Hotel Management
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Lai, Man-kit, and 賴文傑. "Electronic commerce and its implications for supply chain management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224556.

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Fu, Tianlan. "Market strategies of the furniture and garment industries in the Pearl River Delta, China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/381.

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Conventional theories and empirical studies on global production networks (GPNs) and global value chains (GVCs) have dealt with the dynamic organization of production on global, regional, national, and local scales but have given limited attention to market dynamics. In recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis, a paradigmatic shift was observed in GPNs and GVCs that directed interests in market dynamics of developing country suppliers in the changing market dynamics in the Global North and the South. However, this phenomenon has not received adequate attention in the existing literature. This thesis aims to examine the firm-level market strategies of labor-intensive supplier firms in developing countries and the effects on the organization of production networks. Since the opening and reform in the late 1970s, the development of labor-intensive industries in China and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in particular, the well-known "world factory", have been significantly driven by export to advanced Western markets, such as the United States and European Union. However, in recent years, manufacturing suppliers in the PRD have changed their market orientations, leading to the considerable industrial transformation. Taking the furniture and garment industries in the PRD as a case, this thesis attempts to systematically explore the market strategies of manufacturing suppliers in different sectors and regions/sub-regions and the subsequent effects on the transformation of manufacturing industries and reorganization of production networks through three empirical case studies. First, the study examines the market strategies of export-oriented furniture supplier firms in the eastern PRD (Dongguan and Shenzhen City) and its effects on industrial transformation and reorganization of production networks. Second, to compare the market strategies of different kinds of suppliers in different sub-regions, the study explores the domestic market-oriented furniture suppliers in the western PRD (Shunde District, Foshan City). Third, for the understanding of the interaction between spatial cross-border production relocation and market strategies, this study investigates the market strategies of relocated garment supplier firms when they relocated manufacturing operations from China to Southeast Asia and explores the subsequent reorganization of production networks Based on the field investigation and particularly in-depth interviews with furniture and garment manufacturing firms in the PRD, this study identifies three types of market strategies of suppliers in the PRD and different effects on the organization of production networks. First, in the export-oriented furniture industry in the eastern PRD, most of furniture suppliers engaged in market reorientation from exporting to Western markets (e.g., the US and EU) to selling in the domestic markets of China through in-term firm partnerships with domestic chain retailers. Strategic recoupling with domestic markets of China stimulated the emergence of domestic market-oriented production networks in which supplier firms gained functional upgrading and experienced downgrading simultaneously. Second, in the domestic market-oriented furniture industry in the western PRD, domestic market-oriented suppliers who previous served for low-end segment of domestic markets of China have turned to engage in the market diversification to target different market niches. The diversified market strategies including low-end, middle-end, and high-end market strategies made furniture production networks evolve from merely relying on the domestic markets of China to co-dependence on emerging markets of China and other developing economies. In the reorganized production networks, furniture suppliers gained functional upgrading as they integrated into higher-end segments of domestic markets. Third, different from furniture suppliers, garment supplier firms engaged in the cross-border production relocation from China to the lower-cost Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam, which is driven by different market strategies. Garment firms relocated from China to Southeast Asia for maintaining their strategic coupling with global brand names from advanced Western markets. Whilst, textile firms conducted production relocation to meet the requirements and strategic needs of buyers from home markets of China and host markets in Southeast Asia. There has witnessed the emergence of Western market-oriented triangular production networks coordinated by the relocated foreign-invested and Chinese garment firms, in which relocated garment firms have gained limited upgrading prospects. This thesis argues that market strategies adopted by local suppliers to change their power relations with other actors, such as global brand names and domestic retailers, have emerged as one of the most remarkable driving forces behind the transformation of manufacturing industries in China and particularly the PRD in the changing global economy. Emerging market-driven production networks have been emerged in manufacturing industries in China, with the rise of emerging markets in developing countries. In particular, China played an important role in reshaping the spatial and structural organization of global production networks and value chains. This research contributes to the literature by exploring the changing market dynamics with focus on the firm-level strategies. It also adds the literature by exploring the implications of emerging markets in the Global South for the reorganization of global production networks and value chains. In contrast to the previous industrial development pattern in developing countries that resulted from integration into Western market-led production networks, market strategies of local suppliers in the PRD has demonstrated a bias toward emerging market-driven industrial development.

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Yao, Liyun. "Highly skilled new Chinese migrants in the UK and the globalisation of China since 1990." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/highly-skilled-new-chinese-migrants-in-the-uk-and-the-globalisation-of-china-since-1990(2e471aa7-dbce-4610-bcad-6f2e9217c99e).html.

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This PhD dissertation is concerned with highly skilled new Chinese migrants (HSNCMs) in the UK and their transnational (or trans-boundary) careers and business practice between China and Britain. The research subjects are those HSNCMs who have established careers and business connections between China and the UK since 1990. This research pays special attention to relationships between the transnational practice of HSNCMs, brain circulation (or their knowledge exchange with China) and China’s globalisation. Three main topics are discussed in this dissertation: First, it examines the states’ engagement which has a direct impact on transnational mobility of HSNCMs in the UK. Second, it analyzes transnational network building of OCP associations (professional associations of HSNCMs) linking between HSNCMs and China. Third, it discusses individual transnational career and business activities and identity construction of HSNCMs in order to understand China’s brain circulation in the UK context. The main theoretical object of this paper is to combine brain circulation studies with the theoretical framework of transnational migration studies. The findings of this research show that states’ policy engagement (especially China’s initiatives) is very powerful. Through transnational network building of OCP associations, HSNCMs integrate their personal development into the national projects of Mainland China. For individual HSNCMs, their transnational practice is diverse in terms of their different social backgrounds. For most HSNCMs with trans-boundary careers and business practice, their transnational identities are combined with Chinese consciousness. They have set up strategies to develop their careers and business between the sending country and receiving country. The multiple interactions between HSNCMs and China, therefore, have produced a significant impact on the brain circulation of HSNCMs and the globalisation of China.

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Tam, Weng Tong. "WeChat in work environment in Macao, a use and gratification study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952599.

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Liu, Dan, and Yanwei Fu. "Swedish Cleantech Opportunities in China : From a Business Network Perspective." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Projekt, innovationer och entreprenörskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71006.

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The emerging cleantech market in China will bring new business opportunities for Swedish cleantech SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). In such an internationalization process, business network building is an important approach that Swedish entrepreneurs should consider about. Guanxi is a culture pattern in China and plays important role in business of Chinese context. The purpose of the thesis is to find how business network and guanxi affect on Swedish SMEs’ internationalization, especially their business with China in the cleantech industry. Based on market information from pre-study, four propositions connected with business network and guanxi are generated for Swedish SMEs in their business with China. Later, four cases are selected to match raised propositions for deeper analysis. By the theory of guanxi and business network internationalization, each proposition and case gives a specific view to analyze and understand this topic from an explorative way. Several conclusions are drawn by the analysis. First, guanxi plays an important role in network building for China market, and the native Chinese can provide great help in such a guanxi building process. Second, the business network can bring valuable information and business opportunities for Swedish SMEs in their business with China. Third, it is beneficial for Swedish cleantech SMEs to cooperate with Chinese state owned companies in their business network. Fourth, Chinese local SMEs cannot gain competitive advantage by guanxi building because the foreign competitors can copy or imitate with proper strategy to learn the skill to connect with Chinese people in the market.

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Sandberg, Susanne. "Internationalization processes of small and medium-sized enterprises: Entering and taking off from emerging markets." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17726.

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The high economic growth of formerly closed markets such as China, Russia, Poland, and the Baltic states has created vast business and growth opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although this international business expansion of SMEs occurs in highly dissimilar business contexts and fierce international competition, it remains overlooked by research. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to contribute to an enhanced understanding of internationalization processes of SMEs by studying the overarching research question: What are the main features of internationalization processes of SMEs in an emerging market context? Three sub-problems are researched with regard to SMEs entering and taking off from emerging markets, as well as differences and similarities between these processes, in order to identify what features characterize them. Empirically, two surveys of 116 and 203 Swedish SMEs, respectively, with experiences of entry into emerging markets were conducted through standardized questionnaires via mail and on-site visits. In addition, case studies were conducted through interviews and observations of five internationalizing Chinese SMEs and four Chinese wholesale and retail market platforms. Five essays are compiled within the thesis and major findings and conclusions provide theoretical and empirical contributions to research on the internationalization processes of SMEs. With regard to the overlooked internationally experienced manufacturing SMEs from mature markets such as Sweden, theoretical advancements are made identifying the main concepts of their entry into emerging markets: entry node (the establishment point into the foreign business network); market-specific experiential knowledge; and perceived institutional distance. With regard to the internationally novel Chinese SMEs, these were seen to diverge from traditional internationalization paths. Indications were found of a parallel expansion abroad and at home, even using foreign markets as a springboard for further growth at home. The take-off node concerns the departure from an emerging home market, where a paradox of knowledge was found: the use of indirect export via a domestic intermediary facilitates the take off, but hinders further international expansion since no international experience or relationships are built up. Moreover, institutional distance was reduced due to collective internationalization through co-locating abroad. Generally, degree of maturity of the home market; as well as degree of internationalization and type of firm; are the main features behind differences between internationalization processes of SMEs in an emerging market context.

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譚啓文 and Kai-man Tam. "Building international strategic alliances through a network approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269242.

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Thu¨rmer, Leung Andrea. "Dragon business : how the traditional concept of ‘guanxi’ works in modern day China." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10283.

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There has been undoubtedly a rapid economic growth in China over the last few decades and globalization has affected many business practices in China. Therefore this study addressed the interesting question of how the traditional concept of ‘guanxi’ works in modern day China. This was investigated through the lived experiences and perceptions of how Hong Kong executives establish business relationships in China. This research is important because ‘guanxi’ has often been associated with the success factor of business practices in China. Through a qualitative research methodology this research found that the practices of ‘guanxi’ take a changing and integrated approach. While some elements including favours and benefits have changed to become more indirect, less materialistic and depend on trust, other elements like socializing, hierarchy and the long term orientation in a business context have decreased in importance. Further the different experiences in the government sector, different company size, geographic locations in China, as well as the emergence of a new generation, have shown that the formation of networks cannot be generalized, but take different approaches depending on the situation. The significance of this is that ‘guanxi’ is less important for large organizations and the new generation of Western influenced managers in China. Finally while experiences of ‘guanxi’ change, they take a more international perspective while maintaining some traditional elements such as face. This suggests that Chinese business practices combine and accept apparent opposite values of international and traditional practices.

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Yuan, Jianwei, and 袁建伟. "Network building, business expansion and cultural innovation-rise of Chinese cross-boundary entrepreneurs during Hong Kong's transition." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44890540.

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Ionescu, Vivianne, and Victor Öman. "Building Bridges : How Swedish managers develop and nurture relationships to non-business actors in China." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448321.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to extend the knowledge on how Swedish companies canbecome more embedded in the Chinese market by building relationships with political actors. Research question: How do Swedish managers develop and maintain relations with politicalactors in China, and how do they perceive the outcomes from such relations? Method: Qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. Results: The results of the study shows that managers initially use local middlemen orconsultancies to get in contact with political actions. Further, they participate in variousactivities to build upon and develop that relationship, something that is argued by therespondents to be more time-consuming and extensive than in western countries. The outcomeof having these relationships is that firm could gain a competitive edge and the managers tobecome more efficient in their role. Contribution: This study contributes with additional research to the Extended BusinessNetwork and relationship building with non-business actors in China from a Swedishmanagerial perspective.

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Cui, Liu, and Yee Man Wong. "How can supply network management be used to improve the quality of corrugated cardboard suppliers in China? : A case study of Tetra Pak in China." Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-472.

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This thesis involved Tetra Pak and corrugated cardboard suppliers in China at various locations to understand how this industry looks like, the reasons for inconsistent quality and analysis of the current state of whole industry, and recommendations for improvement.

As innovation can bring competitive advantage to companies, our thesis focused upon making extended value of material flow from Tetra Pak and suppliers. The aim of this project is to investigate how strategic intelligence can create value and strengthen Tetra Pak business relationship with its customers in big emerging markets like China. Theoretical framework creates a foundation for how to structure the efficiently utilize intelligence in the decision-making process for a MNC.

Another aspect of the thesis was to examine supply network management process and the supplier relationship development in China, as well as the strategic, social, macro economy aspects that influence change management in medium and large organizations.

Corrugated cardboard industry in China is still in a transitioning to a mature market. One conclusion drawn from the trip to China is that the dairy producer should start emphasizing visual control on quality, and less concern on price. They should see their suppliers as long term partners but not just treat them as providers. Because it is fundamentally undercutting the ability of the organization to improve what it provides to customers through better quality and productivity. It hinders efforts from reducing cost.

Finally, the research problems we focus throughout this thesis will be answered after the analysis. Moreover, we will provide some suggestions about corrugated industry and our case company-Tetra Pak.

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Löwgren, Josefina Jie. "SSAB Global Business Development : A Study of the International Marketing Expansion Model for HWP in China." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18121.

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The purpose of the research is to assess if the franchising conceptual model is an applicable model for the HWP international market expansion in China. The assessment will be carried out through the extensive investigations into SSAB/HWP internal and external forces including transfer of knowledge in the MNC, position building in business networks, products positioning and sales situation on the Chinese market to define the risk and opportunity. As well as the theories of the internationalization, marketing strategy and models will be referred to evaluate the franchising model, which can be adopted in China. The research questions are how can the franchising concept be adopted as an applicable model for the Hardox Wearparts international market expansion in China? What are the appropriate suggestions for the improvements to the further implementation of the model? By adopting four research methods of qualitative research strategy, a multidimensional purpose of the research has been conducted in order to gather first-hand data, study a specific case and investigate the multidimensional environments for the implementation of the HWP international market expansion model. The main research methods include 1) questionnaire & survey, 2) qualitative interviewing, 3) observation, and 4) collection and qualitative analysis of texts, document, e- research materials and data. The conclusion of the research is that there are several internal- and external factors, which have affected the HWP´s market expansion in China negatively during the year. It is a sensible decision to emphasize China as a single largest market for the HWP business development. The market seeking strategy by the infusion of the franchising concept is an appropriate decision for the HWP market expansion in China. The conceptual franchising model by SSAB is appropriate to both the theoretical model and Chinese regulation on the franchises. However, to implement this franchising model in China, it requires several significant improvements on those four key components/success factors which are 1) internationalization entry model, 2) transfer of knowledge within the MNC, 3) learning in the foreign market network, and 4) position-building in the business networks. Together with the improvements on four key components/success factors, the franchising concept will be an applicable model for the HWP international market expansion in China.

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Kang, Yuanfei. "Performance and network governance in international joint ventures: case studies of three China-New Zealand JVs." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2486.

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This thesis examines the relationships between performance, evolution and network governance of international joint ventures from a dynamic perspective. This is accomplished with a two-stage examination of case studies on the China-New Zealand joint ventures in China, involving two case studies in the first stage and one case study in the second stage. The exploratory and narrative research aims to aid theory building in the area of assessment and determination for IJV performance. In an investigation of the case IJVs between the Chinese and New Zealand firms, the study results in the development of three conceptual models of IJV performance and network relationships, namely, the Static Goal Model, the Goal Succession Model, and the Goal Emergence Model. These conceptual models adopt goal attainment as the criterion for assessing UV performance, and address goal attainment from a dynamic perspective by using a network approach. The theoretical models are illustrated and supported by the empirical evidence from the longitudinal case studies. The conceptual models differ from existing models of IJV performance in a number of important aspects, and thus contribute to theory relating to IJV performance in the following ways. These models integrate the concepts from the three research areas of performance, governance structure and dynamic evolution into a conceptual framework addressing IJV performance. Two types (organisational and interpersonal) of IJV network relationships are identified, and complex multiple tiers of network relationships in each type and their influence on JV performance and evolution are discussed. The study highlights the influence of network relationships and their evolution on IJV performance by arguing that IJV performance hinges on whether a trend of institutionalising the mechanism of trust building and conflict resolution and of balancing the network relationships within the IJV arrangement emerges from the process of IJV dynamic evolution. This research was solely undertaken by the author for the purpose of a thesis submitted in fulfilling the requirements for the degree of Ph. D at the University of Auckland.

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Chen, Lin. "Proper Guanxi network a business essential for western firms in China : a dissertation [thesis] submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Business, July 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.

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Lyu, Fen. "The path of the adoption of digital technology to SMEs’ business performance : evidence from China." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E070.

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D’impressionnantes améliorations dans le domaine de la technologie numérique, comme le big data, la réalité virtuelle, l’enregistrement dans le cloud et l’intelligence artificielle ont continuellement et durablement pénétré plusieurs champs, qui ont redessiné le paysage de l’innovation en accélérant la croissance d’internet, la computation data orientée, l’aide en ligne portée par des plateformes et l’industrie de l’intelligence. La prolifération des technologies numériques accélère l’intégration avec l’économie réelle, conduisant les technologies numériques à prendre de l’ampleur en tout. Tremplins pour l’emploi, les petites et moyennes entreprises (PMEs) sont l’unité de base, pour les développements économiques et les activités innovantes. Elles sont les parties les plus larges et les plus dynamiques sur le marché économique, et donc l’innovation digitale est l’enjeu de la survie et la croissance des PMEs chinoises. De ce fait, une compréhension claire d’à la fois les processus par lesquels les PMEs développent l’innovation digitale mais aussi les revenus qui découlent de l’innovation digitale en termes de part de marché et taux de profit sont importants. La démonstration de cette thèse se base sur l’utilisation d’un cadre théorique conceptuel, la chaîne de valeur d’innovation digitales (CVID), et montre comment l’approche CVID permet de comprendre le processus de transformation digitale des PMEs. La valeur de la CVID est exprimée en montrant les interrelations clefs dans le processus de l’innovation digitale, en partant de l’adoption des technologies numériques (ATN) à travers l’innovation digitale vers la performance commerciale en ce qui concerne la part de marché et le niveau de profit. Cette thèse a démontré de manière empirique que l’adoption des technologies numérique peut avoir un impact positif sur à la fois les réseaux commerciaux et personnels des PMEs. De plus, les résultats indiquaient que les réseaux hétérogènes, comprenant à la fois les réseaux commerciaux et personnels, rendus abordables par l’adoption des technologies numériques, permettent aux PMEs de constamment administrer des activités d’innovation digitale. Cette thèse étend la revue de littérature existante concernant la chaine de valeur de l’innovation en illustrant empiriquement l’importance des technologies numériques en regard des activités d’innovation digitale, en particulier pour les produits d’innovation digitale, le numérique dans le contexte du support en ligne, et l’innovation dans le cadre du business model, qui a une influence indirecte sur la performance de PMEs. Un avantage clef de l’approche CVID est alors sa capacité à mettre l’accent sur les rôles des différents facteurs dans différentes chaines du noyau de la performance commerciale, et de montrer leur impact direct et indirect. Cette recherche apporte une contribution dans le domaine de l'innovation numérique visant à catégoriser les dimensions de l'innovation numérique en suggérant que l'innovation numérique implique l'innovation de produits numériques, l'innovation de service numérique et l'innovation de modèle d'entreprise selon la relecture des études précédentes sur l'innovation. Cela s’étend aux connaissances existantes sur la chaîne de valeur de l'innovation en illustrant empiriquement l'importance de la technologie numérique par rapport aux activités d'innovation numérique, en particulier pour l'innovation des produits numériques, l'innovation des services numériques et l'innovation de modèle d'entreprise. Cette recherche correspond également à la nécessité de fluidifier l’innovation numérique d’aujourd’hui, facilitant ainsi la diversité et la flexibilité de DIVC dans un environnement dynamique et sans limites
Impressive developments in digital technology such as big data, virtual reality, cloud computing and artificial intelligence have been continually and thoroughly penetrating various fields, which have reshaped innovation landscape by accelerating growth of internet of everything, data-driven computation, platform support and intelligence industry. The mushrooming of digital technology is accelerating the integration with the real economy, driving the digital innovation to expand with full extent. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the basic units to promote employment, economic development and innovative activities. They are the largest and most dynamic parts in the market economy and thus digital innovation is central to the survival and growth of Chinese SMEs. Therefore, a clear understanding both of processes by which SMEs develop digital innovation and the benefits which flow from digital innovation in terms of market share and profit level is important. This thesis demonstrates the use of a conceptual framework, the digital innovation value chain (DIVC), and shows how the DIVC approach helps to understand the process in digital innovation for SMEs. The value of the DIVC is expressed in showing the key interrelationships in the process of digital innovation from adoption of digital technology (ADT) through digital innovation to business performance in terms of the market share and profit level. This research empirically showed that the ADT can have a positive influence on both business networks and personal networks for SMEs. Furthermore, the results indicated that heterogeneous networks including business networks and personal networks afforded by ADT allows SMEs to continuously deal with digital innovation activities. We extend existing knowledge about innovation value chain by empirically illustrating the importance of digital technology with respect to digital innovation activities, in particular for digital products innovation, digital service innovation and business model innovation , which has indirect influence on SMEs’ business performance. A key benefit of the DIVC approach is therefore its ability to emphasize the roles of different factors at various chain of the digital source-digital innovation-SMEs’ business performance nexus, and to show their indirect and direct impact. This research provides a contribution in the area of digital innovation aimed at categorizing dimensions of digital innovation by suggesting that digital innovation involve digital products innovation, digital service innovation and business model innovation according to review on previous studies of innovation. It extends existing knowledge about innovation value chain by empirically illustrating the importance of digital technology with respect to digital innovation activities, in particular for digital products innovation, digital service innovation and business model innovation. This research also corresponds with the need to make today’s digital innovation more fluid, thereby facilitating the diversity and flexibility of DIVC with regard to dynamic and boundless environment

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Zhao, Liming. "The role of the institutional network in the effectiveness of technology transfer: The case of U.S.-China joint ventures." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055449622.

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Englund, Jenny, Andrea Merker, and Martina Ölund. "Made in Kalmar : A Case Study about the Fanerdun Establishment in Kalmar." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-675.

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The Swedish town Kalmar suffered from economic cutbacks during the 1990’s and many local companies left the region resulting in a decrease in population. Local authorities therefore set goals of regional development and an economic turn was thought to come with foreign investments.

Fanerdun is one of the Chinese firms recently interested in investing in the Swedish market, more specifically in Kalmar. Its business idea is to build a convention centre where ap-proximately 1000 Chinese suppliers will sell light industry products to companies in the Baltic Sea region and Northern Europe.

The establishment process is of value to study since the economically strained Kalmar region managed to attract such a large investment and Fanerdun’s reasons behind its choice of location for the establishment are not apparent. The purpose of this thesis is to answer the questions why and how the convention centre was realised in Kalmar. Both given and cre-ated factors are taken into account.

To fulfil the purpose, a case study using a qualitative method with an abductive approach was used. Primary data was collected through interviews with different involved actors to give a complete picture from various perspectives. This approach is referred to as triangula-tion and was also present in the frame of reference. Three different theory fields; regional network, internationalisation and guanxi were appropriate to describe the complexity of the establishment process.

The conclusion includes the given and created factors that led to Fanerdun’s establishment in Kalmar. The given factors are; location in Europe and the Baltic Sea region, low corporate tax, low investment costs, infrastructure capabilities and small town advantage. From the analysis, created factors became clear. One common feature found to be a central factor was relationships between people, organisations and regions. From Kalmar’s perspective, the regional network anticipation explains why the establishment was realised. To answer how, the three developing regional networks; Changxing-Kalmar, Baltic Sea region and Kalmar region itself together played essential roles. From Fanerdun’s perspective, why and how Kalmar was chosen as location for its international establishment is interlinked. Different internationalisation drives were characterised by commitment, shared knowledge and mu-tual dependency between Fanerdun and Kalmar representatives. The presence of guanxi, a Chinese concept of relationship cultivation, was a specific aspect for the realisation of the convention centre.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Business networks – China'

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