Relevant bibliographies by topics / Business networks

Academic literature on the topic 'Business networks'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 October 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Business networks"

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Kilkenny, Maureen, and Nerys Fuller Love. "Network analysis and business networks." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 21, no. 3 (2014): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2014.060894.

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Agbim, Kenneth Chukwujioke. "Effect of Entrepreneurial Networks on Family Business Development: A Conceptual Consideration." International Journal of Small and Medium Enterprises 1, no. 2 (July 21, 2018): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijsmes.v1i2.67.

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Family businesses are generally affected by resource constraints. These resource constraints are occasioned by the vagaries in the business environment. Consequently, budding and established family business entrepreneurs are now resorting to the acquisition and sharing of intangible resources as a strategy for achieving family business development. One type of resource that is increasingly being employed is entrepreneurial networks. In spite of the known supports entrepreneurial networks give to entrepreneurs at the different states of family business development, empirical evidences are still rear. Based on the foregoing, this study undertook a literature review and thereafter proposes that: the effect of family network on family business start-up is significant; the effect of intra-industry network on family business formalization is significant; the effect of professional network on family business professionalization is significant; the effect of extra-industry network on family business diversification is significant; the effect of social network on family business internationalization is significant; and the effect of intra-firm network on family business succession is significant. For family business development to be influenced by entrepreneurial networks, budding entrepreneurs, founder and/or descendant CEOs and employees of family businesses need to be actively involved in network relationships that encourage and facilitates resource acquisition and sharing. Moreover, an empirical study is recommended based on these propositions. This is to validate the propositions and to further add to the family business development and entrepreneurial networks literature.
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Tresca, Roberta. "The Network Manager and the Governance of Business Networks." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2016100103.

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Collaborating with other structures offers businesses – particularly smaller ones – excellent support to enable them to successfully face up to the challenges posed by globalised markets: by joining forces, creating systems and weaving networks of collaborative relationships with other businesses, SMEs can achieve the critical mass necessary to compete on global markets, because they can benefit from the “systemic” economies of scale that are typical of medium and large business, without losing any of the specificity that only a small manufacturing organisation can offer. However, the coordination and governance of a network is anything but simple, in view of the different types of distances (cognitive, psychological, cultural, geographical, etc.) that separate the businesses in the network. This explains the utility of a managerial figure outside the network (the Network Manager) with the ability to direct, coordinate and run the business network. This article focuses on the figure of the Network Manager, trying to define it by comparison with a few interesting managerial figures identified in the spectrum of management literature.
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Kali, R. "Endogenous business networks." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 15, no. 3 (October 1, 1999): 615–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleo/15.3.615.

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Heck, Eric van, and Peter Vervest. "Smart business networks." Communications of the ACM 50, no. 6 (June 2007): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1247001.1247002.

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GOLDFINCH, SEAN, and MARTIN PERRY. "Promoting Business Networks." New Zealand Geographer 53, no. 1 (April 1997): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1997.tb00475.x.

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Martin, Roderick. "Asian business networks." European Management Journal 15, no. 5 (October 1997): 599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-2373(97)88475-7.

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Irwin, David. "Kenya’s Business Networks." SAGE Open 5, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 215824401456597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244014565977.

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Losev, A. S. "Information security of business networks." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 49, no. 2 (August 17, 2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2022-49-2-46-55.

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Objectives. The aim of the work is to improve the information security of businesstype networks, as the most susceptible to external threats for the purpose of commercial espionage.Method. The study is based on the use of an original mathematical algorithm that allows clustering networks of arbitrary topology and constructing a partial order matrix. On the one hand, clustering allows you to identify network agents that have the same information access to the network, on the other hand, partial order reflects the position of a single cluster in the hierarchical structure of the entire network.Result. This approach allows assessing the potential threat to the network depending on the position of the agent in the network that has been attacked. On its basis, a methodology has been developed to determine the degree of openness of an entrepreneurial network to the influence of external factors for each agent of the network. It allows you to identify network agents that require increased security in relation to external influences, since a potential attack on them has the most negative consequences for the entire connection, which emphasizes the practical significance of the result.Conclusion. The developed technique is practically significant and can be used to assess the information security or integrity of a network of any nature, represented as a directed graph.
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Wegner, Douglas, Susana Costa e. Silva, and Greice De Rossi. "The development dynamics of business networks." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-12-2016-0332.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the development dynamics of two business networks initially created to promote the internationalization of its members. Wines of Brasil – a Brazilian wineries network – was established in 2002 and remains active, while Vitrocristal (VtC) – a Portuguese network of glass producers – was established in 1994 and is already closed. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 14 interviews, with network managers and representatives of companies with different sizes and participation times. Information obtained was compared with the life cycle model of Wegner et al. (2015) and enabled the authors to understand the dynamic development of each network and its current stage in the life cycle. Findings The results allowed the authors to describe the development pattern of both business networks, showing that the Brazilian network is in the consolidation stage while the Portuguese one finished its activities in 2007 after a period of financial constraints due to the end of governmental support. Practical implications The comparison of the two cases shows that the experience of the Portuguese business network may be useful for networks in emerging markets, as it displays several difficulties that the management of such networks may face during their life cycle. Originality/value This study provides a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the dynamics of change in business networks. The cases confirm the life cycle stages proposed by Wegner et al. (2015) and shed more light on the development process of business networks, by describing how exogenous variables such as public support may affect cooperation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Business networks"

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Sweeting, Barbara. "Evaluation of business networks in the AusIndustry business network program." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001516/.

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Researchers have found that inter-firm collaboration, that is, co-operative business networks, can provide a competitive advantage that would not be possible independently for small sized firms. Work has been done by some governments, for example, Danish, Norwegian, New Zealand, American and Japanese, in the area of policy and practice of business networks because they have realised the importance of business networking and have encouraged collaboration of small firms by assisting in the facilitation of networks. The Australian government established a Business Network Program which ran for four years and several studies were completed on various aspects of the program during that period. However, there had been no particular research that examined the success or other outcomes of these networks, thus providing the basis for the research question addressed in this research: How and why did the business networks developed in the AusIndustry Business Networks Program, succeed or not succeed? Further, questions relating to how and why these outcomes may have occurred or how they may have been measured in the Australian government facilitated program were also unanswered. A review of the extant literature in this area established the theoretical foundations upon which this research is based and made possible the development of a model comprising three constructs or research issues that would address the research question: RI 1: How and why is network success evaluated? RI 2: How and why do the internal and external environments affect the outcomes of the network? RI 3: How does facilitation affect the network? In order to address these research issues and the research question, a protocol was developed and case study interviews with the lead business of sixteen networks participating in the AusIndustry Business Network Program were carried out. The resultant data was compared for each of the research issues through a qualitative methodology from which conclusions and answers to the research question and issues were derived. The results of this research showed that network members evaluated their own outcomes often using multiple measures, both qualitative and quantitative, with the most common criteria being whether the network continued or discontinued. Moreover, it was concluded in this research that successful networks usually had a single goal or purpose for joining a network which they ultimately achieved. In contrast the unsuccessful networks generally joined the network with multiple goals and which were not all achieved, thus contributing to their lack of success. This result was not evident in the literature reviewed in chapter 2. Additionally, the findings showed that high levels of trust, commitment and reciprocity were essential elements in the success of business networks. More importantly this study found that whilst all successful networks had these elements, some of the non successful ones also reported high levels of trust, commitment and reciprocity. Thus it appeared in this study that whilst these elements are important for network success, they do not alone ensure that success, further, it was noted that for any network that reported a lack of any one of these elements, non success was more likely. In relation to this finding was the discovery that in these networks formal contracts between the network members increased the levels of commitment and reciprocity and thus increased the chances of success. When external environmental factors were examined in relation to their impact on network success, it was found that whilst all had some impact on their business generally, competition was noted as having the highest impact and government or legal issues the lowest impact. Finally, this research found that facilitation did not necessarily contribute to a network’s success but that possible a lack of appropriate facilitation style did contribute to the non-success of networks. However, it was clear that the small networks needed less facilitator guidance overall and that the larger networks definitely needed facilitation and guidance. Moreover, it was found that the type of facilitation at the various stages of the network process were more important to the likelihood of success, rather than the mere presence of a facilitator. Thus, the main contribution of this theory building research is to extend the general level of knowledge about business networks and provide new insights into network theory and the value of networks using an original application of existing knowledge. This knowledge can contribute to network education and training in business schools and can contribute to the development of future government policy and practice pertaining to network programs.
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Patterson, Raymond A. "Hybrid Neural networks and network design." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262707683.

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Poulin, Marc. "Personalizing Business Networks." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26643/26643.pdf.

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謝啓良 and Kai-leung Tse. "Actual business networks behind the virtual networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31269357.

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Tse, Kai-leung. "Actual business networks behind the virtual networks /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19878382.

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Savage, Denise. "Business networks and conflict management." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534605.

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Lind, Ebba, and Anna Sund. "Customer Accounting in Business Networks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246776.

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The constellation of the customer base has implications for the company’s future survivability. Within the business-to-business markets, the customer relationships are characterized by technical and organizational interfaces. Understanding the customer relationships and using customer accounting can provide information about how to prioritize among the customers in order to improve short-term and long-term profitability. The framework by Lind and Strömsten (2006) where different customer accounting techniques are related to a typology over customer relationships is evaluated and further elaborated on in this thesis. The empirical findings both confirm the reasoning behind the framework and cause development potential. The relation of customer accounting techniques to different types of customer relationships is mainly confirmed by the study. Regarding the customer typology, the empirical findings bring forth proposed improvements; a grading of the technical and organizational interfaces of the customer relationship types is suggested.
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鄧沛權 and Pui-kuen Tang. "Business network: network marketing : analysis of network marketing using business network theories." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268316.

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Tang, Pui-kuen. "Business network : network marketing : analysis of network marketing using business network theories /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18840127.

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Prenkert, Frans. "On business exchange activity : activity systems and business networks /." Uppsala : Företagsekonomiska institutionen, Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3909.

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Books on the topic "Business networks"

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Staber, Udo H., Norbert V. Schaefer, and Basu Sharma, eds. Business Networks. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110809053.

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1947-, Håkansson Håkan, ed. Business in networks. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.

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Hamilton, Gary G., ed. Asian Business Networks. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110888317.

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Vervest, Peter, Eric van Heck, Louis-François Pau, and Kenneth Preiss, eds. Smart Business Networks. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b137960.

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1947-, Håkansson Håkan, ed. Business in networks. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.

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G, Hamilton Gary, ed. Asian business networks. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996.

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Peter, Vervest, ed. Smart business networks. Berlin: Springer, 2005.

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Häntzschel, Alexander. German-Sino Business Networks. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17858-5.

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Hendrikse, George WJ, Gérard Cliquet, Ilir Hajdini, Aveed Raha, and Josef Windsperger, eds. Networks in International Business. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18134-4.

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Laage-Hellman, Jens. Business Networks in Japan. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Business networks"

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Hermanni, Alfred-Joachim. "Business Networks." In Business Guide für strategisches Management, 27–31. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12521-9_6.

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Kale, Vivek. "Business Networks." In Agile Network Businesses, 27–52. New York : CRC Press, 2017.: Auerbach Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315368559-2.

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Bloch, Francis. "Business Networks." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2196-1.

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Bloch, Francis. "Business Networks." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1207–9. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2196.

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Hermanni, Alfred-Joachim. "Business Networks." In Business Guide für strategisches Management, 25–30. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37742-7_5.

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Hermanni, Alfred-Joachim. "Business Networks." In Business Guide for Strategic Management, 35–40. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41367-5_6.

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Kale, Vivek. "E-Business Networks." In Agile Network Businesses, 359–83. New York : CRC Press, 2017.: Auerbach Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315368559-19.

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David, Thomas, and Gerarda Westerhuis. "International business networks." In The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business, 249–63. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge companions in business, management and accounting: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315277813-16.

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Phillips, John S. "Business Profits." In Tax Treaty Networks 1991, 194–221. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315075631-8.

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Pau, Louis F., and Peter H. M. Vervest. "Embedding Business Logic Inside Communication Networks: Network-based Business Process Management." In Smart Business Networks, 363–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26694-1_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Business networks"

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Tenenbaum, J. M. "Business services networks." In Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Web Services. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icws.2004.1314710.

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Reitbauer, Stefan, Falk Kohlmann, Clemens Eckert, Ken Mansfeldt, and Rainer Alt. "Redesigning business networks." In the 2008 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1363686.1363819.

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Tenenbaum, J. M. "Business services networks." In Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on e-Commerce Technology, 2004. CEC 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icect.2004.1319710.

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Cockova, Romana, Martina Juříková, and Josef Kocourek. "BUILDING UNIVERSITY-BUSINESS NETWORKS." In 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2018.0748.

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Koning, O. J., R. J. Brinkman, M. Oskar van Deventer, P. H. A. Venemans, L. Wennekes, J. P. Boly, M. K. de Lange, Jan Vandewege, B. Meuris, and A. Ebberg. "Multicarrier business customer premises network." In Advanced Networks and Services, edited by Robert A. Cryan, P. Nalinaj Fernando, Pierpaolo Ghiggino, and John M. Senior. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.201273.

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Ritter, Daniel. "From network mining to large scale business networks." In the 21st international conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188233.

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Foglar, Andreas, Enrique Areizaga, and Antonio J. Elizondo. "QoS as a business case for access networks." In 2008 13th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (NETWORKS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netwks.2008.4763690.

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Bailey, Robin. "Business-case evolution across technology and services." In 2008 13th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (NETWORKS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netwks.2008.4763683.

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Bailey, Robin J. "Business case evolution across technology and services." In 2008 13th International Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (NETWORKS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/netwks.2008.6231314.

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"Sensing Gestures for Business Intelligence." In International Conference on Sensor Networks. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004878100520060.

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Reports on the topic "Business networks"

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Nordhagen, Stella. Integrating gender equity into business networks for nutrition. Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36072/wp.12.

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Fuentes, Rolando. Distribution Networks Tariff Design in the Era of Decentralization: A Business Model Approach. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2020-dp24.

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In this paper we discuss the unexplored two-way relationship between distribution network tariff design and the emergence of new business models in the power sector. Distribution network tariffs have traditionally used a cost accounting method. We suggest, instead, the use of a business model framework to analyze the extent to which emerging business models in the power sector change the way electricity distribution network services are priced and packaged.
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Asif, Vered, and Charles Palus. Exploring shared value: Use inter-organizational networks as a strategy for business success and positive societal impact. Center for Creative Leadership, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.35613/ccl.2014.1024.

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Lashley,, Jonathan, Katrine Smith, and Luwayne Thomas. Marginalisation and Gender: Tracking the Experiences of Caribbean Women Entrepreneurs (2015 to 2018). Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004539.

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Extant research has indicated that women are under-represented in business ownership in the Caribbean, and when they do establish businesses, that they underperform relative to men in business ownership. Drawing on a tracer survey (2015 to 2018) and in-depth interviews with women entrepreneurs from across the Caribbean, the research sought to identify the constraints to enterprise development and their underlying causes. Utilising a conceptual framework of enterprise marginalisation, which itself draws on a theory of social exclusion, the results indicate that, while growth influences the ordering and prevalence of certain constraints to enterprise development, that marginalisation is still experienced by women entrepreneurs. While the absence of some support mechanisms for enterprise development contribute to the difficulties faced by these women entrepreneurs, the societal attitudes as to what is considered accepted in relation to sectors of operation and the perceptions of gatekeepers in financial institutions are the two main underlying constraints to the development of women-owned businesses amongst the sample. The research provides some recommendations to specifically address financial inclusion and the availability of business support services and networks. However, the issue of gender discrimination remains a longer-term societal issue to address.
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Semerikov, Serhiy, Hanna Kucherova, Vita Los, and Dmytro Ocheretin. Neural Network Analytics and Forecasting the Country's Business Climate in Conditions of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). CEUR Workshop Proceedings, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812//123456789/4364.

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The prospects for doing business in countries are also determined by the business confidence index. The purpose of the article is to model trends in indicators that determine the state of the business climate of countries, in particular, the period of influence of the consequences of COVID-19 is of scientific interest. The approach is based on the preliminary results of substantiating a set of indicators and applying the taxonomy method to substantiate an alternative indicator of the business climate, the advantage of which is its advanced nature. The most significant factors influencing the business climate index were identified, in particular, the annual GDP growth rate and the volume of retail sales. The similarity of the trends in the calculated and actual business climate index was obtained, the forecast values were calculated with an accuracy of 89.38%. And also, the obtained modeling results were developed by means of building and using neural networks with learning capabilities, which makes it possible to improve the quality and accuracy of the business climate index forecast up to 96.22%. It has been established that the consequences of the impact of COVID-19 are forecasting a decrease in the level of the country's business climate index in the 3rd quarter of 2020. The proposed approach to modeling the country's business climate is unified, easily applied to the macroeconomic data of various countries, demonstrates a high level of accuracy and quality of forecasting. The prospects for further research are modeling the business climate of the countries of the world in order to compare trends and levels, as well as their changes under the influence of quarantine restrictions.
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Mann, Laura, Mark Graham, and Nicolas Friederici. The Internet and Business Process Outsourcing in East Africa: Value Chains and Networks of Connectivity-Based Enterprises in Kenya and Rwanda. Unknown, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii166.

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Mann, Laura, Mark Graham, and Nicolas Friederici. The Internet and Business Process Outsourcing in East Africa: Value Chains and Networks of Connectivity-Based Enterprises in Kenya and Rwanda. Unknown, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii172.

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Kinnan, Cynthia, Krislert Samphantharak, Robert Townsend, and Diego A. Vera-Cossio. Research Insights: How Do Economic Networks Contribute to the Spread and Mitigation of Health Shocks? Inter-American Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004420.

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Small firm owners facing idiosyncratic shocks adjust production by cutting spending and reducing their demand for external workers. These shocks propagate to other local households with whom shocked firms trade inputs and labor through local supply-chain and labor market networks, leading to declines in transactions, income, and consumption. The total indirect effects are larger than the direct effects: a US$1 decline in a shocked households business spending reduces aggregate consumption by US$1.7. Both the direct and indirect effects are mitigated by incoming transfers to shocked households with access to risk-sharing networks. Therefore, having access to health insurance protects both directly affected households as well as those who conduct transactions with them.
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Nechaev, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, and A. Nagibas. Complex economic systems structural organization modelling. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1118.

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One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the financial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea finds its confirmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the difference between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the first group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.
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10

Hotsur, Oksana. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND BLOGS AS TOOLS PR-CAMPAIGN IMPLEMENTATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11110.

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The article deals with the ways in which social networks and the blogosphere influence the formation and implementation of a PR campaign. Examples from the political sphere (election campaigns, initiatives), business (TV brands, traditional and online media) have revealed the opportunities that Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, YouTube and blogs promote in promoting advertising, ideas, campaigns, thoughts, or products. Author blogs created on special websites or online media may not be as much of a tool in PR as an additional tool on social media. It is noted that choosing a blog as the main tool of PR campaign has both positive and negative points. Social networks intervene in the sphere of human life, become a means of communication, promotion, branding. The effectiveness of social networks has been evidenced by such historically significant events as Brexit, the Arab Spring, and the Revolution of Dignity. Special attention was paid to the 2019 presidential election. Based on the analysis of individual PR campaigns, the reasons for successful and unsuccessful campaigns from the point of view of network communication, which provide unlimited multimedia and interactive tools for PR, are highlighted. In fact, these concepts significantly affect the effectiveness of the implementation of PR-campaign, its final effectiveness, which is determined by the achievement of goals. Attention is drawn to the culture of communication during the PR campaign, as well as the concepts of “trolls”, “trolling”, “bots”, “botoin industry”. The social communication component of these concepts is unconditional. Choosing a blog as the main tool of a marketing campaign has both positive and negative aspects. Only a person with great creative potential can run and create a blog. In addition, it takes a long time. In fact, these two points are losing compared to other internet marketing tools. Further research is interesting in two respects. First, a comparison of the dynamics of the effectiveness of PR-campaign tools in Ukraine in 2020 and in the past, in particular, at the dawn of state independence. Secondly, to investigate how/or the concept of PR-campaigns in social networks and blogs is constantly changing.
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