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Machado, Caio Henrique. "Coordination failures in business cycles." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18270.
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Coordination failures are often said to play an important role in business cycles. If agents’ incentives of taking a given action depend on the amount of other agents expected to take the same action, coordination failures can often arise. Firms may not invest because they do not expect others to invest, confirming their initial expectations. Similarly, banks may not lend because they do not expect others to lend. This dissertation analyzes different environments in which crises arise as a result of coordination failures. The first chapter analyzes an economy that is subject to a dynamic coordination problem. Because of aggregate demand externalities, firms’ incentives to increase their production depend on expected demand, which in turn depends on the amount produced by other firms. The problem is dynamic since firms do not take investment decisions at the same time, implying that a firm deciding today is trying to forecast what other firms will decide in the future. This opens the possibility of dynamic coordination traps: firms do not invest today because they do not believe others will invest tomorrow, generating lower incentives for firms to invest at future dates. This chapter focuses on the following questions: In economies subject to dynamic coordination traps, what is the optimal stimulus policies? Should policy makers provide higher incentives to production in times of low economic activity? The answer is that a constant subsidy implements the first-best in an economy where beliefs are endogenously determined. The reason is that, although it is harder to coordinate in times of low economic activity, agents are naturally more optimistic about the future in times of poor economic activity and reasonably good fundamentals. This optimism arise from the fact that in bad times negative shocks do not change the level of economic activity, while positive shocks may end a recession. The second chapter proposes a model to study unusually deep financial crises. Previous empirical work has found that financial crises are very deep and persistent on average, but there is a lot of heterogeneity across different episodes. Some financial crises feature a very distressed financial sector, but little distress on the real sector, while others are real macroeconomic disasters. In light of this evidence, I propose a model in which there is a highly non-linear feedback between the real and the financial sector. Disaster episodes arise from the dynamic interaction of two frictions: coordination frictions and financial frictions. When banks have weak balance sheets they do not intermediate much capital. This causes firms to get trapped in a self-reinforcing regime with low aggregate demand, which ends up provoking further damage to banks’ balance sheets. I use the model as a laboratory to study unusually deep financial crises and the effects of some policies. It is shown that the effects of disasters go far beyond what we observe during those episodes: they imply very low asset prices, economic growth and welfare, even in good times and when their probability is very small. Policies that protect the financial sector from those episodes can be very beneficial. Moreover, higher risk-taking in bad times may improve economic growth, welfare and financial stability. The third chapter studies the policy trade-off of a regulator that wants to avoid coordination failures, but at the same time does not want to generate distortions arising from moral hazard. Banks have investment opportunities with an expected return that depends positively on the amount of other banks undertaking similar investments, opening room for coordination failures. At the same time, banks may risk-shift to projects with smaller expected return but higher volatility. By providing guarantees in case of failures, a regulator can enhance coordination, but that leads banks to switch to worse projects. It is shown that in some states a regulator will provide no guarantees, even if it that means allowing a coordination failure to happen. Moreover, the possibility of risk-shifting reduces the amount of guarantees needed to avoid a coordination failure.
Com frequência argumenta-se que falhas de coordenação têm um papel importante no ciclo de negócios. Se os incentivos dos agentes a realizar determinada ação depende da quantidade esperada de outros agentes que tomarão a mesma ação, falhas de coordenação podem acontecer. Empresas podem não investir porque não esperam que outras empresas irão investir, confirmando suas expectativas iniciais. De maneira similar, bancos podem não conceder empréstimos porque eles não esperam que outros bancos irão fazer o mesmo. Esta tese analisa diferentes ambientes onde crises surgem como o resultado de falhas de coordenação. O primeiro capítulo analisa uma economia que está sujeita a falhas de coordenação dinâmicas. Por causa de externalidades de demanda agregada, os incentivos para uma dada firma aumentar sua produção dependem da demanda esperada, que por sua vez depende da quantidade produzida por outras firmas. O problema é dinâmico porque as firmas não tomam decisões de investimento ao mesmo tempo, implicando que uma firma tomando decisões hoje está tentando prever o que outras firmas decidirão no futuro. Isso abre a possibilidade de falhas de coordenação dinâmicas: firmas não investem hoje porque elas não acreditam que outras firmas investirão amanhã, gerando incentivos menores para outras firmas investirem no futuro. Este capítulo foca nas seguintes questões: Em economias sujeitas a este problema de coordenação dinâmico, qual a política de estímulo ótima? O governo deveria prover mais estímulos em épocas de baixa atividade econômica? A resposta é que um subsídio constante implementa o ótimo nesta economia. O motivo é que, embora seja mais difícil coordenar em tempos de baixa atividade, os agentes estão naturalmente mais otimistas sobre o futuro em tempos de baixa atividade e fundamentos razoavelmente bons. Este otimismo surge do fato que em tempos ruins choques negativos não alteram o nível de atividade econômica, mas choques positivos podem acabar com uma recessão. O segundo capítulo desta tese propõe um modelo para estudar crises financeiras mais severas que o usual. Trabalhos empíricos prévios mostram que, em geral, crises financeiras são muito profundas e persistentes, mas também que há muita heterogeneidade entre diferentes episódios. Algumas crises financeiras causam enormes danos no sistema financeiro, mas pouco dano no setor real, enquanto outras são verdadeiros desastres macroeconômicos. À luz desta evidência, esta tese propõe um modelo onde há um feedback extremamente não linear entre o setor financeiro e o setor real. Desastres surgem através da interação dinâmica de duas fricções: fricções de coordenação e fricções financeiras. Quando os bancos estão com problemas em seus balanços, eles optam por intermediar menos capital. Isso leva as firmas a entrar em um regime com baixa demanda agregada, que causa ainda mais dano ao capital dos bancos. Este modelo é utilizado como um laboratório para estudar crises financeiras muito severas e o efeito de algumas políticas. É mostrado que os efeitos de desastres econômicos vão muito além do que observamos durante estes episódios. Eles levam à queda dos preços de ativos, baixo crescimento e perdas de bem-estar, mesmo que a probabilidade destes eventos seja muito pequena. Finalmente, quando os bancos tomam mais risco em tempos ruins, podemos ter um aumento de crescimento, bem-estar e estabilidade financeira. O terceiro capítulo estuda o trade-off enfrentado por um regulador que quer evitar falhas de coordenação, mas ao mesmo tempo não quer gerar distorções que surgem por conta de risco moral. Os bancos possuem oportunidades de investimento cujo retorno esperado depende positivamente da quantidade de outros bancos investindo em projetos similares, abrindo espaço para a possibilidade de falhas de coordenação. Ao mesmo tempo, bancos podem escolher investir em projetos com menor retorno esperado e maior volatilidade. Ao prover garantias em caso de falha de um banco, um regulador pode melhorar a habilidade que estes têm de coordenar, mas ao mesmo isto pode levar os bancos a tomarem risco excessivo. É mostrado que em alguns estados o regulador não proverá garantias, mesmo que isso implique permitir que uma falha de coordenação aconteça. Ainda, a possibilidade dos bancos tomarem risco excessivo reduz a quantidade de garantias necessárias para evitar uma falha de coordenação.
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Ma, Eason, Daniel Janson, and Nhu Quynh Le. "Small Business Failures : A study of the top-managers contribution to the failure." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1155.
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The economical importance and value of small businesses is today recognized by scholars as well as government institutes. The small business does not only contribute with a great amount of entrepreneurial activity and innovations but also as a significant tool in creating jobs. The statistics are however displaying a negative trend in the development of small businesses with over 350.000 – 400.000 business closures every year in UK. In Sweden 35,000 new enterprises entered the market in 2001 but only 62% were still active in 2004.
There are two major factors from which all other explanations are derived from when discussing why a company fails which is the external and internal factor. From the failure model created by Sharma and Mahajan and supported by other researchers, it is known that the problem initiating the failure may have been caused by uncontrollable factors. However the most significant factor behind a failure is derived from insufficient and ineffective management in the strategic process.
In order to understand how and most importantly why the top-managers decisions and actions contributes to a business failure the study focused on exploring the strategic process in numerous of failure cases of small businesses. This understanding is further strengthened by considering the limitations and resistances in the strategic process. There is also a link between the crisis management and strategic management which further provides with valuable insights of the process. Four different small businesses were therefore investigated in the report through an inductive and semi structured approach to explore the contexts of the failures in-depth. From the analysis of the empirical data collected from the top-managers and other employees, owners or managers evidence were collected to study the top-managers contribution to the failure.
The most significant contributing factor found in the business failures were the inefficient internal and external assessments. This was further found to be directly linked to the inadequate knowledge and experience possessed by the top-manager and his staff. Nepotism was also a factor that was found to be a very contributing source to the inadequate assessments. The managers staffed by the top-manager possessed a close relationship with the top-manager and may have been hired due to this reason and not based on the required knowledge which was proven to have a significant impact on all the studied cases.
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Yozi, Bongiwe Linda. "Franchisors' contribution towards franchisees' business failures / B.L. Yozi." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4836.
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Franchising is emerging as a highly effective strategy for business growth, local employment and regional economic development. It is the most realistic and promising formula to emerge yet for the development of business skills and a thriving entrepreneurial culture in South Africa. Many prospective franchisees believe that when they pay their franchise fee, they are buying a business. Very frequently, the franchisor has not made the franchise relationship clear to the franchisee, which results inadvertently in deciding to run things their own way, break the franchise rules and ultimately fail in the endeavor. Thus the aim of this study was to establish whether franchisors have a direct impact towards the success or failure of the franchisee's business. The causes of success and failure are central to entrepreneurial research. Thus one need to understand whether franchisors are in any way involved in franchisees' success or failure. The first chapter of this dissertation is an explanation of the franchise concept. It is in its own a brief summary of what is discussed throughout the study. Objectives of the study, scope of the study and the method of research are all discussed in this chapter.
Chapter 2 discusses many definitions of franchising: the franchise agreement, what the potential franchisees need to familiarise themselves with upon entering this contractual obligation. Advantages and disadvantages for both the franchisor and franchisee are also discussed. The relationship between these two parties is discussed as it serves as a cornerstone towards success or failure of a franchise business. This chapter thus provides a blueprint of what needs to be done in order to make a success of the franchise business.
Chapter 3 entails an empirical study by way of questionnaires, designed to ascertain whether franchisors are in any way responsible for the success or failure of the franchisee’s business. Franchisee businesses were selected in the Vaal region and 25 outlets responded to the study. The results of the questionnaire were analysed and discussed in this chapter
Chapter 4 summarises the research with conclusions and recommendations from the empirical study covered in Chapter 3. The aim was to ascertain whether research objectives were reached by the study, as stated in the literature and empirical studies. Conclusions were reached with regard to the study and one of the most important facets identified was the franchise relationship. The relationship was identified as the glue that holds the franchise partnership together; the existence and maintenance thereof, is what will make or break the franchise business.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.
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Theis, John D. (John Dennis). "Three Essays in Business Failure." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278851/.
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This dissertation consists of three essays exploring market reactions to business failure. In the first essay, the filing strategies are divided into three basic types, voluntary, involuntary and prepackaged. The second essay provides insight into industry wide factors impacting assimilation of information by the market. The third essay provides a view of the GARCH-M model in measuring a risk premium as a firm approaches bankruptcy.
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Del, Rio Victor. "High-profile crisis management in Australian and New Zealand Organisations /." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2272.
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Greenwood, Terrine. "An econometric study of business failures in Canada, 1969-1997." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36452.pdf.
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Shettlewood, Horacio. "Effects of Management Cultural Integration on Merger and Acquisition Failures." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2236.
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Fifty percent of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the United States fail, often resulting in a loss of stakeholder value. A questionnaire study design was used to explore managers' strategies for cultural integration during an M&A. Data were gathered from 94 managers and business leaders in M&A organizations in Texas. Managers' cultural integration strategies, communication, and leadership during M&As were investigated using transformational leadership as the conceptual framework. The study data were gathered from an online questionnaire, formatted into matrices using computer software, and then coded to identify themes. Themes that emerged from the study were that managers used effective strategies during the M&A activity to ameliorate stakeholder anxiety, maintained open communication, and stayed focused on business growth. The study participants indicated how communication and managers' strategies led to successful M&As. This study's findings may contribute to social change by providing business leaders and managers tools to help reduce and prevent future M&A failures. Successful mergers may increase employment opportunities and stabilize communities affected by M&A events.
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Omar, Mohd Azmi. "The sensitivity of distress prediction models to the nonnormality of bounded and unbounded financial ratios : an application in Malaysia." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239854.
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Polat, Berna. "Failure patterns of new ventures : a survival analysis and performance implications /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8739.
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Moji, Patricia Cynthia. "Failures of black co-operatives in the Limpopo Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50354.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Against the backdrop of recent co-operative challenges, it may not be very pragmatic to paint a euphoric picture of things in the world of co-operatives. The distaste from co-operative scamp will continue for some time but, despite all that has happened in the recent past, co-operative activity particularly in the rural context will remain the answer to poverty in the rural areas. The spirit and principles that lead to the formation of co-operatives make sense and have a global appeal. If they are applied in properly structured and well managed environments, they can add value towards the improvement of the quality of lives in the rural communities. This work explains the failure, hopes and fears, potential and inadequacies of the co-operative effort in the Limpopo Province. The recommendations made by the researcher are linked to the data of the study and should not be read as bland generalisations. The new economic outlook in the province makes it all the more imperative that an understanding of the individual initiative should be reinforced by co-operative struggle in the rural areas where no other option seems to be more promising. The Limpopo Province will benefit from big irrigation projects to be implemented in the various districts. All well-wishers of co-operatives focus their attention on the future potential and try to forget the bitterness of the past. Any significant success in co-operatives in Limpopo Province will send good signals everywhere in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Teen die agtergrond van die onlangse koöporasie uitdagings, kan dit dalk uiters pragmaties klink om 'n euforiese siening in die wêreld van koöporasies te skilder. Die teensin in koöporasie-ongerymdhede sal nog vir 'n geruime tyd voortduur, maar ten spyte van alles wat in die verlede gebeur het, bly samewerking, veral in die plaaslike konteks, die antwoord vir die armoede in die platteland. Die geesdrif en beginsels wat lei tot die ontstaan van koöperasies maak sin en het wel 'n algemene trefkrag. Indien hulle in behoorlike strukture, en goed bestuurde omgewings toegepas word, kan hulle waarde tot die verbetering in die lewensgehalte van gemeenskappe in die landelike gebiede voeg. Hierdie navorsing verteenwoordig die mislukking, hoop, vrese, potensiaal en ongelykhede van koöporasiepogings in die Limpopo Provinsie. Die aanbevelings wat deur die navorser gedoen word, is gekoppel aan die inligting van die studie en behoort nie as veralgemenings gesien te word nie. Weens die nuwe ekonomie uitkyk in die provinse is dit noodsaaklik dat die inisiatief van die individu versterk word, deur die samewerking stryd in die platteland gebiede. Die Limpopo Provinsie sal baat vind by groot besproeiingsprojekte in die verskillende distrikte. Alle voorstanders van koöporasie-aksie moet op die pontensiaal vir die toekoms fokus en die griewe van die verlede probeer vergeet. Enige noemenswaardige kooporasie aksie in Limpopo Provinsie sal goeie seine wyd en syd stuur.
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Haensly, Paul J. "The Application of Statistical Classification to Business Failure Prediction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278187/.
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Bankruptcy is a costly event. Holders of publicly traded securities can rely on security prices to reflect their risk. Other stakeholders have no such mechanism. Hence, methods for accurately forecasting bankruptcy would be valuable to them. A large body of literature has arisen on bankruptcy forecasting with statistical classification since Beaver (1967) and Altman (1968). Reported total error rates typically are 10%-20%, suggesting that these models reveal information which otherwise is unavailable and has value after financial data is released. This conflicts with evidence on market efficiency which indicates that securities markets adjust rapidly and actually anticipate announcements of financial data. Efforts to resolve this conflict with event study methodology have run afoul of market model specification difficulties. A different approach is taken here. Most extant criticism of research design in this literature concerns inferential techniques but not sampling design. This paper attempts to resolve major sampling design issues. The most important conclusion concerns the usual choice of the individual firm as the sampling unit. While this choice is logically inconsistent with how a forecaster observes financial data over time, no evidence of bias could be found. In this paper, prediction performance is evaluated in terms of expected loss. Most authors calculate total error rates, which fail to reflect documented asymmetries in misclassification costs and prior probabilities. Expected loss overcomes this weakness and also offers a formal means to evaluate forecasts from the perspective of stakeholders other than investors. This study shows that cost of misclassifying bankruptcy must be at least an order of magnitude greater than cost of misclassifying nonbankruptcy before discriminant analysis methods have value. This conclusion follows from both sampling experiments on historical financial data and Monte Carlo experiments on simulated data. However, the Monte Carlo experiments reveal that as the cost ratio increases, robustness of linear discriminant rules improves; performance appears to depend more on the cost ratio than form of the distributions.
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Lian, Yaohua. "Firm entry and exit patterns in Chinese economy." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39005884.
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Ngwenya, Fortune Sibusiso. "Successes and failures of BBBEE : a critical assessment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/812.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: We critically assess the successes and failures of the economic phenomenon that is Black Economic Empowerment as represented by the Ownership Element of the Scorecard. We briefly evaluate the successes and failures of the first wave of BEE deals on the JSE and through the use of contemporary observations of this phenomenon as reported on by the media, we make the key assumption that these media reports are an unbiased account of the phenomenon. We critically assess the current status of BEE and find that progress has been made in terms of black ownership on the JSE, as well as on the legislative front, through the introduction of a comprehensive standardised measurement framework. The progress has in the main been extremely slow and limited. We also find that whilst funding models have improved, the success of BEE deals is still to a large extent dependent on stellar performance of the Stock Exchange and generous dividend policies. Disappointingly we also find that the debate about what constitutes broad-base BEE continues unabated as most deals continue to fail to meet public expectations of broad-base empowerment and equitable equity participation by all BEE deal beneficiaries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bied 'n kritiese evaluering van die suksesse en mislukkings van die ekonomiese verskynsel genaamd swart ekonomiese bemagtiging (SEB) aan die hand van die eienaarskapelement van die telkaart. Die eerste vlaag SEB-transaksies op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs (JEB) word kortliks beoordeel, waarna die media se eietydse waarnemings oor hierdie verskynsel tot die sleutelaanname lei dat sodanige mediaberigte 'n onbevooroordeelde weergawe van die stand van swart ekonomiese bemagtiging is. Die studie bied 'n kritiese beskouing van die huidige status van SEB, en dat daar wél vordering gemaak is met betrekking tot swart eienaarskap op die JEB, sowel as op wetgewende gebied deur die instelling van 'n omvattende, gestandaardiseerde metingsraamwerk. Vordering was egter tot op hede merendeels uiters stadig en beperk. Die studie bevind ook dat hoewel finansieringsmodelle verbeter het, die sukses van SEB-transaksies steeds in 'n groot mate van 'n goeie vertoning op die effektebeurs en ruimhartige dividendbeleid afhang. 'n Teleurstellende bevinding is dat die debat oor die werklike betekenis van breedgebaseerde SEB onverpoos voortduur namate die meeste transaksies versuim om aan die openbare verwagting van breedgebaseerde bemagtiging en gelyke aandeelhouding deur alle SEB-transaksiebegunstigdes te voldoen.
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Alkhashroom, Abdulah Hussein. "Civil protection of company property from the conduct of directors in insolvent liquidation in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=137005.
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This thesis is an attempt to trace the aspects of civil protection of company property from the conduct of directors in insolvent liquidation in Scotland. It emphasises the origin of the problem and the essential need to protect company property, particularly in public limited companies. This protection is required for two reasons. First, directors may abuse their powers and take advantage of the privilege of limited liability they enjoy. Second, the separation between ownership and control. There are several aspects of civil protection which are provided by the Insolvency Act 1986, the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 and the common law. Regarding civil protection after the commencement of an insolvent liquidation, the Insolvency Act protects company property: (1) by terminating all of the directors' powers in a creditors voluntary liquidation (s.103); (2) by avoiding dispositions of company property after the commencement of liquidation in a compulsory liquidation (s.127); (3) by making public and private examinations to investigate directors' conduct in their dealings with the company (ss. 133, 236 and 112); (4) by prohibiting directors from re-using the company's name (ss. 216-217) and (5) by disqualifying directors who are ordered by the court to contribute to the company's assets as a result of fraudulent and wrongful trading (s. 10 of the C.D.D.A. 1986) and those directors whose conduct makes them unfit to be concerned in the management of the company (s. 6 of the C.D.D.A. 1986). But to maximise this protection a provision should be added to provide that directors' powers should cease in a compulsory liquidation not only after the liquidation order but also after the appointment of a provisional liquidator except with the leave of the court. Section 127 should also extend to cover any disposition made after the making of a resolution to wind up the company voluntarily and before the appointment of the liquidator and after his appointment.
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Nkhalamba, Emmanuel Silvester. "An investigation into project management failure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51607.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As modern business environment continues to be uncertain and risky due to rapid changes in technology, consumer tastes and international trade that exposes smaller economies to larger and stronger economies of the world, smaller organisations to larger multinationals, conventional management approach becomes inadequate. Better methods of managing business and projects have to be found in order to deal with tough competition. Before 1970's, very few people ever talked about project management. This could be attributed to relatively stable environment in which the rate of change was either bearable or easily predicted. It was relatively easy to use established management rules, tools and procedures to deal with such changes. However, since the 1980's, the scenario has changed, organisations are struggling to cope with the pace of change and the pressure is on for organisations either to adapt or die. Consequently, project management has become the sought after management alternative to deal with this unprecedented rate of change and for survival. Project management attractions are mainly its emphasis on teamwork and multidisciplinary approach. It holistic approach makes it very useful in unfamiliar and risky projects in which information is either scanty or overwhelming. The need for project management in such situations cannot be overemphasized. As the business environment continues to become more chaotic, project management will continue to be the management tool of the 21st Century. Organisations that fail to learn the new technique of project managing their business will soon find themselves unable to compete or even survive. This study project examines through a review of relevant literature and by means of a questionnaire the critical factors that constitute project management failure. Questions like what impact can project management failure have on an organisation? What managerial and environmental factors can lead to project management failure? These and other similar questions on this subject are answered. Management, especially top management, would do well to address these factors as proposed in this study findings if they hope to remain operational in this century. The onus is on the leaders of organisations to ensure that their organisations are able to compete, grow and deliver to the satisfaction of shareholders and their customers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos die moderne besigheidsomgewing onseker en vol risikos bly, as gevolg van drastiese veranderinge in tegnologie, verbruikersondervinding en internasionale handel wat die kleiner ekonomie blootstel aan die groter ekonomie van die wereld, kleiner organisasies aan groter organisasies, word konvensionele bestuursbenadering onvoldoende. Beter metodes van besigheidsbestuur en projekte sal gevind moet word, om te kan kompeteer met gevestigde kompetisie. Voor die 1970's het bitter min mense oor Projekbestuur gepraat. Dit kan toegeskryf word aan 'n taamlik stabiele omgewing waarin die spoed van verandering aanvaarbaar of maklik voorspelbaar was. Dit was betreklik maklik om die bestaande bestuursreëls, werksmetode en prosedures te gebruik om by te hou by sulke veranderinge. Vanaf die 1980's het hierdie prentjie egter verander. Organisasies sukkel om by te hou by die pas van verandering en die druk is op dié organisasies om aan te pas of onder te gaan. Gevolglik het dit'n alternatief geword om by hierdie veranderinge aan te pas en te oorleef. Projekbestuur se aantrekkingskrag lê daarin dat dit die klem plaas op spanwerk en veelsydige dissipline. Die holistiese benadering maak dit baie nuttig in onbekende en gevaarlike projekte waarin inligting skaars of oorweldigend is. Die behoefte aan Projekbestuur in sulke situasies kan nie genoeg beklemtoon word nie. Soos die besigheidsomgewing chaoties word, so sal die bestuur aanhou om die besigheidstyl van die 21ste eeu te wees. Organisasies wat nalaat om die nuwe tegnieke aan te leer, sal gou agterkom dat hulle nie kan kompeteer of miskien oorleef nie. Hierdie studieprojek ondersoek deur middel van toepaslike literatuur en vraelyste die kritieke faktore wat die mislukking van Projekbestuur konstitueer. Vrae soos, watter inpak kan die mislukking van die bestuur op 'n organisasie hê; watter bestuurs- en omgewingsfaktore kan lei tot die mislukking van Produkbestuur? Hierdie en soortgelyke vrae ten opsigte van hierdie onderwerp word beantwoord. Bestuur, en veral seniorbestuur, sal goed doen om hierdie bevindinge te bestudeer as hulle hoop om operasioneel te bly in hierdie eeu. Die verantwoordelikheid lê by die leiers van organisasies om seker te maak dat hulle kan kompeteer, groei en 'n diens lewer na die satisfaksie van die aandeelhouers en hulle kliënte.
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Mostert, Charl. "The benefits of contractual causes in mitigating project failures using business system projects." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1778.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology of Technology: Business Information Systems
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThis study evaluates the utilisation and effectiveness of contract clauses in Information Technology (IT) and Information System (IS) projects in South Africa to address and mitigate key risks associated with these types of projects. This study established whether specific clauses were being utilised to address key risks, and where clauses were being utilised, whether these clauses were effective in addressing and mitigating the impact of these key risks. The need for the study arose because the researcher had experienced on several occasions in his workplace that contracts which appeared fail-safe during the negotiation stage did not reach the proposed targets, let alone maturity of the agreement. To establish whether colleagues in similar positions in computer-based organisations experienced similar disruptions a quantitative questionnaire was distributed to organisations in the Johannesburg area to gain an insight into their risk profile. Risk could arise from the contract construction and/or wording. Reference was made to the contracts in the engineering environment where standard contracts have been in place for a number of years. Specifically the New Engineering Contract (NEC) of 2011 and the Professional Services Contract were consulted. The study concentrated on four categories of risk identified in a literature review, namely corporate management risk, project management risk, resource utilisation risk and technology risk, which resulted in 42 sub-factors examined. The population of suitable and relevant IT and IS companies could not be definitely established but the researcher made telephonic contact with known organisations and 24 participants agreed to participate in the exercise; 12 service providers and 12 clients of providers, where 78% of participants experienced one or more of the risk factors, and 53% used NEC standard contracts.
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Cuesta, Lyndel. "Differentiating the entrepreneurial life story investigating narrative identity in relation to business failure /." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2007. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070828.160243/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, 2007.Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Research Psychology, Swinburne University of Technology - 2007. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 401-429).
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Hossari, Ghassan, and hossari7@bigpond net au. "A ratio-based multi-level modelling approach for signalling corporate collapse a study of Australian corporations." Swinburne University of Technology. Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060320.114422.
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The objective of this study is to introduce a more refined methodological approach for signalling corporate collapse. The proposed methodological approach provides informed stakeholders in a corporation with a tool that would help them signal impending collapse with a higher degree of accuracy than the existing mainstream methodology. By doing so, the proposed methodological approach helps stakeholders take appropriate measures, if possible, to save their company from collapse.
The motivation behind this study emanates from a need in the literature in relation to coming up with a new methodological approach that is superior to what is available. For example, Jones and Hensher (2004), one of the most recent studies in the field, stated that over the past three decades there has been a conspicuous absence of modelling innovation in the literature on financial distress prediction, as well as a failure to keep abreast of important methodological developments emerging in other fields of the social sciences.
Specifically, this study introduces a new ratio-based multivariate methodological approach for signalling corporate collapse, called Multi-Level Modelling (MLM). Moreover, this study demonstrated that MLM provides informed stakeholders in a corporation with a tool that would help them signal impending collapse with a higher degree of accuracy than Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA), which is the mainstream benchmark methodological approach. By doing so, MLM helps stakeholders take appropriate measures, if possible, to save their company from collapse.
The empirical results depicted the superiority of MLM over MDA. MLM generated better overall predictive power and dramatically reduced the occurrence of Type I error (classifying a collapsed company as non-collapsed). Moreover, MLM achieved those results while at the same time capturing variations in industry sectors among the data sample of companies. This is something that MDA was not capable of.
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Xu, Jin. "Distress risk and value premium evidence from Japan /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203682.
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Kabir, Muhammad Naveed. "Developing a successful succession model for family-owned businesses." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007kabirm.pdf.
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Gregory-Allen, Russell B. (Russell Brian). "A Test of Catastrophe Theory Applied to Corporate Failure." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330705/.
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Catastrophe theory (CT) is a relatively new mathematical theory that comprehensively describes a system exhibiting discontinuous behavior when subjected to continuous stimuli. This study tests the theory using capital-market data. The data is a time series of stock returns on firms that filed for Chapter 11 reorganization during 1980-1985. The CT model used is based on a corporate failure model suggested by Francis, Hastings and Fabozzi (1983). The model predicts 1) as the filing date approaches, there will be a structural shift in the underlying stock-return generating process of the filing firm, and 2) firms with lower operating risk will have a smaller jump than firms with higher operating risk, corresponding to their relative positions within the bifurcation set of the catastrophe cusp.
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Rothaermel, Frank T. ""Creative destruction" or "creative cooperation"? : an empirical investigation of technological discontinuities and their effect on the nature of competition and firm performance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8779.
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Tassin, Rolline Estelle Ndjike. "TRANSITING FROM THE INFORMAL TO FORMAL BUSINESS: MOTIVES, CHALLENGES AND THE COPING MECHANISMS OF SELECTED TRANSITED BUSINESSES IN THE BLOEMFONTEIN AREA." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/235.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Business Administration)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2014This exploratory study seeks to contribute to the theoretical and empirical understanding of the transition of small businesses from the informal to the formal sector. It builds on the role of the informal sector as “engines” for economic and socio-cultural development. Using selected businesses in the Mangaung area of the Free State province as case studies, this study investigates the motives for transition of informal businesses to the formal sector in South Africa, challenges encountered in the process of formalisation and the coping strategies relied upon to deal with challenges encountered in the process of formalisation. Key indicators were identified from the literature and were further developed for investigation. A qualitative approach was used for the collection of data from selected transited businesses in the Bloemfontein area using semi-structured interviews. Findings from the study suggest that the decision by small business owners to formalise is motivated by their desire to grow and expand their businesses; access to proper banking services; and to access government contracts and tenders. The results also reveal that the quest for growth is however hindered by long queues endured by business applicants during the process of formalisation; lack of adequate and relevant information on the process of formalisation; coupled with the lack of government support for informal businesses’ transitioning to the formal sector. Findings further revealed that adequate information on the process of formalisation and self-trust are key coping mechanisms needed by small business owners to successfully progress/ transit to the formal sector. Based on these findings, the study recommends that government both provincial and national play a more proactive role in regulating the informal economy by creating an environment conducive for their growth and development, and facilitating their transition to the formal sector. Informal small business owners also must be provided with information on the process of formalisation and of the existing government structures put in place to support businesses in their transition phase.
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Lian, Yaohua, and 連瑤華. "Firm entry and exit patterns in Chinese economy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39005884.
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Swanepoel, Johann Franz Wagener. "Project management : a study on why projects fail and are virtually always running late." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51887.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to demonstrate why projects are late and/or ultimately fail, regardless of the fact that project management and project management techniques are being used. A study of literature regarding project failure was done. This was used to illustrate that human, organisational, technical and project type all play a significant role in project successor failure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is uitgevoer om aan te dui hoekom projekte soms laat is en/of uiteindelik faal, nieteenstaande die feit dat projekbestuur en projekbestuurtegnieke toegepas word. 'n Literatuurstudie aangaande onsuksesvolIe projekte is uitgevoer. Hierdie studie is gebruik om aan te toon dat menslike, organisatoriese, tegniese en projek tipe almal bydra tot projek sukses al dan nie.
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Caldwell, James L. "Individual reactions to organizational ethical failures and recovery attempts a recovery paradox? /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002655.
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Chidziva, Bernard. "The Role of Corporate Governance in Preventing Bank Failures in Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3145.
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The 2008-2009 global financial crisis resulting in some banks collapsing has raised questions about the corporate governance of financial institutions. Some bank managers lack an understanding of the role of corporate governance in preventing bank failures. In this multiple case study, data were collected through interviews and triangulated with annual reports to explore the strategies some bank managers need to improve their understanding of the role of corporate governance in preventing bank failures in Zimbabwe. The 7 study participants were purposefully recruited from a larger population of 19 bank managers responsible for corporate governance and compliance operating in Zimbabwe between 2009 and 2015. This study was grounded in the concept of corporate governance using the agency theory. The central research question explored strategies bank managers can employ to improve their understanding of the role of corporate governance in preventing bank failures in Zimbabwe. The transcribed interviews were coded to generate themes and validated through member checking. Four themes emerged from the research: the need for improvement on compliance to corporate governance policies and regulations, recruitment of qualified and competent directors who should be independent non executive in majority, risk management and internal control, and training, education, and awareness of best practices. This study may have a positive social impact in that a stable and profitable banking environment creates and sustains employment and results in an improvement in the individuals' standard of living.
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Wong, Victor. "Coordination failures and slow recoveries in macroeconomics." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/23999.
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Coordination failures are one of the possible reasons why economies suffer during a recession and why they take long time to recover. This work studies a macroeconomic model with endogenous hazard rates that captures in a simple way the dynamic coordination problem and assess it quantitatively. We could find that, for the US economy, coordination failures have very small effects but very persistent.
As falhas de coordenação são uma das possíveis razões pelas quais as economias sofrem durante uma recessão e por que demoram para se recuperar. Este trabalho estuda um modelo macroeconômico que capta de forma simples o problema da coordenação dinâmica e o avalia quantitativamente. Encontramos que, para a economia dos Estados Unidos, falhas de coordenação têm efeitos pequenos, mas bem persistentes.
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Михайленко, Дмитро Геннадійович, Дмитрий Геннадьевич Михайленко, Dmytro Hennadiiovych Mykhailenko, and А. В. Товстуха. "Фактори банкрутства підприємств." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18921.
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Михайленко, Дмитро Геннадійович, Дмитрий Геннадьевич Михайленко, Dmytro Hennadiiovych Mykhailenko, and В. О. Іваній. "Удосконалення поняття банкрутства підприємств." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18929.
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Trindade, Vitor M. "Three essays on informational barriers, coordination failures, and international trade /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975050.
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Donoher, William J. "Organizational distress and bankruptcy : resources, strategy, and corporate control as determinants of the filing decision /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974623.
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Hii, Teck K. "Reducing the redundancy of financial ratios and assessing the stability of financial patterns." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1343.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the financial patterns of Australian industrial firms along the lines of Pinches et al.’s (1973; 1975) study. The financial ratios used in prior Australian corporate failure studies were used to derive a reduced set of factors that was predictive of corporate failure (e.g., Castagna & Matolesy, 1981: Booth, 1983). These factors were examined for the short – and long-term stability of these factors. The set of firms used was selected from FINSELECT database, which covered the period from 1989 to 1997. A random list of 199 Australian industrial firms that survived between 1989 and 1997 was selected. A total of thirty-one unique financial ratios were calculated based on the models derived in prior Australian failure prediction studies. These financial rations were factor analysed. The financial factors that were predictive of corporate failure were Return on Investment, Short-Term Liquidity (I and II), Financial Leverage (I and II) and Decomposition Measure.
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Ayres, Sarah. "Negotiating regional futures : the successes and failures of the West Midlands Regional Development Agency Network." Thesis, Aston University, 2001. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10756/.
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The introduction of Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) in the English regions in 1999 presented a new set of collaborative challenges to existing local institutions. The key objectives of the new policy impetus emphasise increased joined-up thinking and holistic regional governance. Partners were enjoined to promote cross-sector collaboration and present a coherent regional voice. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an RDA on the partnership infrastructure of the West Midlands. The RDA network incorporates a wide spectrum of interest and organisations with diverse collaborative histories, competencies and capacities. The study has followed partners through the process over an eighteen-month period and has sought to explore the complexities and tensions of partnership working 'on the ground'. A strong qualitative methodology has been employed in generating 'thick descriptions' of the policy domain. The research has probed beyond the 'rhetoric' of partnerships and explores the sensitivities of the collaboration process. A number of theoretical frameworks have been employed, including policy network theory; partnership and collaboration theory; organisational learning; and trust and social capital. The structural components of the West Midlands RDA network are explored, including the structural configuration of the network and stocks of human and social capital assets. These combine to form the asset base of the network. Three sets of network behaviours are then explored, namely, strategy, the management of perceptions, and learning. The thesis explores how the combination of assets and behaviours affect, and in turn are affected by, each other. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge and understanding surrounding policy networks and collaborative governance.
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Winter, Mervyn. "Investigation into project management failure within information technology systems projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20837.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Information technology systems are an integral part of many sectors of business and the application of information technology in new sectors of business is increasing continually. Businesses believe that by applying information technology systems in their business processes they will ultimately improve on the profits through increased operational efficiency, reduction of costs and improved ability to make informed decisions. However implementing an information technology system is usually a complex affair involving the technology supplier, client organisation and other stakeholders. The common method of implementing information technology systems is to set up a project in an attempt to manage the cross organisational and cross departmental issues as best as possible. Industry reports that the success of information technology project implementation is low. This study project has analysed 16 sources of literature pertaining to failures in information technology projects, in order to ascertain how the various authors define a project failure and whether project management failure is a major contributor to these failures. Also to examine areas within project management which are deemed to make the most significant contribution to project failure. The study concludes that most of the authors examined define project failure in terms of project management criteria, being cost, time and function (quality). Furthermore it concludes that project management failure is a significant factor in information technology project failure and that the facets of project management failure encountered with information systems implementation projects are not that different from other forms of projects. The main contributing factors being lack of executive support, lack of business case or user requirements, lack of project management expertise, lack of planning, lack of user involvement and changing requirements. The study recommends that organisations need to be aware of the cross functional and cross organisational requirements of information technology project management and that all levels of management in stakeholder organisations need to have the relevant knowledge and experience to deal with these requirements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inliglings legnologie slelsels inlegrale uil menigle besigheids seklore en die loepassing daarvan (ITS) in nuwe seklore voorldurend Besighede mel loepassing van ITS in hulle besigheids prosesse dil aanleiding sou gee 101 die graei doellreffenheid, die afname in bedryfskosle en ook verbelerde besluitneming . Die daarslelling van 'n ITS is gewoonlik 'n baie moeilike proses wal onder andere insluil die verskaller van legnologie, die klienlorganisasie asook ander deelnemers. Die algemene melode van implemenlering van ITS kan geskied deurmiddel van 'n projek in die poging om kruisorganisasie en kruisdeparlemenlele funksies/werkings Ie beharlig. Terugvoering van bedryf dui aan dal die implemenlerings sukses van inligling legnologie projekle eintiik baie laag is. Hierdie sludie hel in lolaal lileraluur mel belrekking 101 inliglings legnologie projekle, ontieed om sodoende Ie bepaal hoe verskeie skrywers 'n projek mislukking definieer en of die mislukking projek besluur enigsins 'n bydraende faklor kon wees. Asook die ondersoek van areas binne die beslek van projek besluur wal wei 'n noemenswaardige inwerking kon he 101 die mislukking van projekle. iv Opsemming Inligtings tegnologie stelsels (ITS) maak 'n integrale deel uit van menigte sektore toepassing sektore is voortdurend aan die groei. 8esighede glo met die toepassing prose sse dit tot greei van wins. Laasgenoemde as gevolg van verhoogde bedryfs doeltreffenheid, bedryfskoste verbeterde vermoens vir insiggewende besluitneming. daarstelling wat insluit verskaffer tegnologie, klientorganisasie metode implementering kruisdepartementele te behartig . dat implementerings in li gting tegnologie projekte studie het totaal 16 literatuur bronne, met betrekking tot die faal/mislukking van inligtings tegnologie projekte, te van bestuur faktor bestek bestuur wat tot projekte. As gevolg van die navorsing kom hierdie studie tot die slotsom dat skrywers projek-mislukking definieer in terme van projek bestuur kriteria wat 5005 volg lui; koste, tyd en funksie (gehalte). Verder is ook gese dat projek bestuur mislukking 'n groot bydraende faktor uitmaak aangaande inligtings tegnologie projek- mislukking en dat faseUe van projek bestuur mislukking gesien met inligtings stelsel implementering projekte, nie te vee I verskil van ander vorms van projekte nie. Die hoof bydraende faktore kan toegeskryf word aan die gebrek van uitvoerende bestuur ondersteuning, gebrek aan besigheids saak of verbruikers vereistes, gebrek aan projek bestuur kennis, gebrek aan beplanning, gebrek aan deelname van verbruikers asook die voortdurende verandering van vereistes. Hierdie studie beveel aan dat organisasies bewus moet raak van die kruiswerking/kruisfunksionering en kruisorganisie vereistes van inligtings tegnologie projek bestuur en dat aile bestuurs vlakke van deelnemende organisasies ook genoegsaam toepaslike kenn is en ondervinding moet he om sodoende die vereistes te behartig .
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Anane-Boakye, Stephen. "Comparative Analysis: Successes and Failures of St. Louis." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2198.
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The St. Louis School District (SLSD) provided its students with a virtual education program (VEP) but abandoned it following a cut in federal funding, omitting an alternative pathway for students to complete their education. The problem addressed in this study was the effect of technology and management's decision to discontinue the VEP. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine management's role and the effect of the technology in discontinuing the VEP. Dewey's theory of education and Koskela and Howell's theory of management established the theoretical foundation for the study. A purposeful sampling selection approach was used to recruit 8 administrator and teacher participants who were knowledgeable about the VEP and who worked in their respective districts. An interview questionnaire was created and used to collect data. The data were processed and analyzed using the thematic analysis approach. The results revealed that technology was not a problem for the 3 school districts, but the SLSD did not prioritize the VEP in its budget. The results of this study might help other institutions keep their online program intact in the event a similar situation occurs. The implications for social change could be that securing a VEP could contribute in producing more well-educated citizens to work in higher-level jobs, drive business development, and contribute to community development in society.
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Mahamud, Abdirahman, Abdimajid Khayre, and Paula Bergholm. "Management of project failures in the gaming industry : The normalization approach." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44190.
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In creative industries such as the gaming industry, the failure rate is typically higher in relation to many other industries. This is usually due to the constant need of innovation and the extreme competition in the industry of gaming. Firms in this industry take on multiple innovation projects, which inherently have a high rate of failure. Literature has previously stressed and focused on the importance of failure and how it can enhance learning that can be a crucial asset for any organization. However, failure brings along negative emotions that can slow down or block the learning process of an individual or an organization at large. In an industry where failure is common, it is important for the management to tackle this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore the approach the management of small gaming firms take in order to normalize failure. In this study, the data has been collected qualitatively while using a thematic analysis to recognize consistent themes and patterns, which arise from the primary data that was collected. By conducting four semi-structured interviews with two different companies (2 interviews each), we found that both companies have a similar attitude regarding project failure. Both companies either expect failure to happen or even encourage it. One of our key findings was that both companies emphasize failing fast, which allows them to save time, money and resources as well as helps some members of the organization to react less emotionally to the termination of a project. Empirical results were then discussed and analyzed by judging whether the actions these companies took can be classified as a way of normalizing failure. We concluded that there was evidence for management employing various methods of action that would eventually lead to normalization of failure. Some of these actions included the fail fast attitude, failure supportive slogans and the thought of planning for failure beforehand.
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Sheppard, Jerry Paul. "The strategy of corporate survival : a resource dependence approach /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8748.
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Azmi, Ruzita. "A comparative study of corporate rescue in the UK and Malaysia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165893.
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It is now more than thirty years since the reform of corporate insolvency law in the United Kingdom (UK) focused on the promotion of a 'rescue culture,' a trend which started with the work of the Cork Committee chaired by Sir Kenneth Cork. The Cork Committee in its Report recommended encouraging the continuation and disposal of a corporate debtors' business as a going concern wherever possible, and the Government responded to Cork's recommendation by introducing Administration and Company Voluntary Arrangement ('CVA') in the Insolvency Act 1986 ('IA 1986'). The corporate insolvency laws in the UK have been subject to considerable scrutiny and reform, culminating in the implementation of two distinct but related nieces of legislation bearing upon corporate rescue; the Insolvency Act 2000 (IA 2000) and the Enterprise Act 2002 (EA).
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Cho, Min-ho. "Predicting business failure in the hospitality industry: an application of logit model." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40201.
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Wheatley, Andrew B. "Enhancing crisis response capability to large-scale system failures within transportation networks." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/72872/1/Andrew_Wheatley_Thesis.pdf.
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Du, Toit Philip Jean. "Corporate governance : the board and the role of the independent director." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52748.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.What, if any, is the relation between Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility? "Corporate Governance is concerned with holding the balance between economic and social goals and between individual and communal goals. The corporate governance framework is there to encourage the efficient use of resources and equally to require accountability for the stewardship of those resources. The aim is to align as nearly as possible the interests of individuals, corporations and society" (Cadbury, 2000). The World Bank notes, that there is no single model of corporate governance with systems varying by country, sector and even in the same corporation over time. Among the most prominent systems are the US and UK models, which focus on dispersed controls; and the German and Japanese models which reflect a more concentrated ownership structure. Recently, South Africa's own King Report II on corporate governance is getting more and more international acclaim. Corporate social responsibility is concerned with treating the stakeholders of the firm ethically or in a socially responsible manner. Stakeholders exist both within a firm and outside. Consequently, behaving socially responsibly will increase the human development of stakeholders both within and outside the corporation. For instance the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) principles imply that a key role for stakeholders is concerned with ensuring the flow of external capital to firms and that stakeholders are protected by law and have access to disclosure (OECD,1998:15). While the World Bank have been intrigued by a June 2000 Investor Opinion Survey of McKinsey (World Bank, 2000) that finds that investors say that board governance is as important as financial performance in their investment decisions and that across Latin America, Europe, the USA and Asia investors (over 80% of those interviewed) would be willing to pay more for a company with good board governance practices. "Poor governance" was defined by McKinsey as a company that has: • Minority of outside directors; • Outside directors have financial ties with management; • Directors own little or no stock; • Directors compensated only with cash; • No formal director evaluation process; • Very unresponsive to investor requests for information on governance issues. "Good governance" was defined by McKinsey as: • Majority of outside directors; • Outside directors are truly independent, no management ties; Directors have significant stockholdings; • Large proportion of director pay is stock / options; • Formal director evaluation in place; • Very responsive to investor requests for information on governance issues. In view of the new thinking regarding the function of boards of directors, this mini-thesis will focus particularly on the role of the independent director in corporate governance, with a specific review of the approach in the USA, Europe and South Africa. A proposed role for the independent director will be given, as well as some final conclusions and recommendations on the topic. Without a more complete study it would be immature to think that this paper could have a final say on the role of the independent director in corporate governance, rather it is intended as a stimulus for further research in this very contemporary area.
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Mota, Stephen Kopano. "A matched study to determine a conditional logistic model for prediction of business failure in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52084.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The subject of prediction of business failure from an academic point of view dates back to the turn of the century with the development of a single ratio, the current ratio, as an evaluation of credit-worthiness. Subsequently studies conducted have become complex using different statistical techniques and more than one variable to predict failure. The challenge in these studies has been to establish a reliable model to predict failure. The aim of this report was to find out which financial factors best predicted failure in the South African environment using a matched study by refining some elements of the study conducted by Court (1993). The data used was similar to that of Court (1993), which was independently obtained from the Bureau of Financial Analysis of the University of Pretoria. The variables used in the study were then computed from this raw data. The variables were then imputed into the stataΤΜ statical software package to run a conditional logistic regression model. As a result of a small sample size and a substantial number of missing variables in the sample size, the study did not reveal an accurate indication of the important variable. It was also found that with the instability and general complexity of conditional logistic regression the study need not have been a matched study. The recommendation is that future research be done with a larger sample size using the same methodology. It is also recommended that the data include non-financial variables.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voorspelling van besigheidsmislukkings as 'n akademiese onderwerp, dateer vanaf die begin van die vorige eeu met die ontwikkeling van 'n enkele verhouding, die bedryfsverhouding, as maatstaf van kredietwaardigheid. Die toepassing van statistiese tegnieke en inkorporasie van meerdere veranderlikes het aan verdere studies 'n hoë mate van kompleksiteit verleen. Die gevolglike uitdaging was om 'n betroubare model te ontwikkel om besighiedsmislukkings akkuraat te kan voorspel. Die doel van hierdie verslag is om aan te dui welke finansiele faktore mees gepas sal wees om besigheidsmislukkings in die Suid Afrikaanse omgewing te voorspel. Die verslag gee weer die bevindinge van 'n gepaarde studie wat gegrond is op 'n verfyning van sekere elemente soos geneem uit die Court studie van 1993. Die data gebruik, is baie soos die wat die Court studie onderlê en is onafhanklik verkry vanaf die Bureau vir Finansiele Analise (Universiteit van Pretoria). Die veranderlikes wat in die studie gebruik is gebaseer op hierdie rou data en is ingesleutel en verwerk deur die stataΤΜ statistiese sagteware program na 'n kondisionele, logiese regressie model. As gevolg van 'n klein steekproef en 'n beduidenswaardige aantal ontbrekende veranderlikes in hierdie steekproef, kon die studie nie 'n belangrike veranderlike met akkuraatheid aandui nie. Dit is ook bevind dat die onstabiliteit en algemene kompleksiteit van die kondisionele, logiese regressie model die gebruik van 'n gepaarde studie onnodig gelaat het. Die aanbeveling is dat verdere navorsing dieselfde metodologie sal toepas op 'n groter steekproef. Dit word ook aanbeveel dat nie-finansiele veranderlikes by die data ingesluit word.
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Maritz, Anna-marie. "Development of a critical success factor assessment for small organisations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49694.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Small businesses are the traditional source of local and national economic growth. Small businesses in South Africa absorb almost half the people formally employed in the private sector and contribute nearly thirty seven percent to the country's gross domestic product. Unfortunately small businesses also have the reputation of a high failure rate some literature quote figures as high as sixty six percent of all small businesses within the first six years of their existence. An Australian survey indicated that nearly sixty five percent of all business failures were caused by controllable factors, which implicates that the use of consultants, or simply better management of the small business, could have prevented the failure. This study explains why small business owners are so reluctant to make use of outside consultants and looks into the most common causes of small organisation failure. This research project is designed as an incremental development study, where an existing model is adjusted to focus on a smaller nische market. A consulting model, developed to use in large organisations, was evaluated by identifying the problem areas that most often cause small organisations to fail and then comparing them to the areas addressed in the existing model. The conclusion reached was that although this model will definitely help small business owners to improve their businesses, it doesn't address the mest common causes of small business failure and adjustments is needed to customise this product for the small organisation. Based on the available data on the most common causes of small organisational failure, a new model is developed, which addresses the specific causes of small organisation failure. The new model gives examples of what would be in place in an organisation where the relevant critical success factor is successfully implemented as well as examples of what the situation will be if the relvant factor is absent. The small business owners evaluate themselves on a scale of one to ten. The model has a dual purpose, firstly to create an awareness with the owner of the full spectrum of factors that need to receive attention in a small organisation, and secondly to give a benchmark against which progress on each of the critical success factors can be measured.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klein besighede vorm die ruggraat van die Suid Afrikaanse ekonomie, met byna sewe-en-dertig persent van die Bruto Nasionale Produk (BNP), wat aan klein besighede toegeskryf kan word en as werkverskaffer aan bykans die helfte van alle werknemers wat formeel in diens is van die private sektor. Ongelukkig het klein besighede ook die reputasie van 'n groot mislukkingskoers met mislukkings so hoog as ses-en-sestig persent van alle klein besighede in die eerste ses jaar van die ondernemings se bestaan. 'n Australiese studie het getoon dat ongeveer vyf-en-sestig persent van die oorsake van klein besigheid mislukkings aan beheerbare faktore toegeskryf kan word. Met ander woorde hulp van konsultante, of bloot beter bestuur van die klein besigheid, kon die mislukking verhoed het. Hierdie werkstuk kyk na redes hoekom konsultante so min deur klein besighede gebruik word en na die mees algemene oorsake van klein besigheid mislukkings. Die werkstuk neem die vorm aan van 'n inkrementele ontwikkeling studie waar 'n reeds bestaande evaluasie model, aangepas word om te fokus op 'n kleiner nismark. 'n Konsultasie model, wat ontwikkel is vir gebruik in die diagnostiese fase van die konsultasieproses vir groot besighede, is ondersoek en daar is gekyk watter van die mees algemene faktore vir klein besigheid mislukking in hierdie model aangespreek is. Die gevolgtrekking was dat alhoewel die model definitief klein besigheids eienaars sal help om hul organisasies te verbeter, dit meeste van die oorsake vir mislukking in klein besighede nie direk aanspreek nie, en dat aanpassings van die model nodig is. Gebasseer op reeds bestaande navorsing oor die oorsake van klein besigheid mislukkings, is 'n nuwe model ontwikkel, wat spesifiek gerig is daarop om die mees algemene oorsake van mislukking aan te spreek. Die hersiene model gee voorbeelde van wat in plek sal wees in 'n organisasie waar die kritieke suksesfaktor suksesvol geimplementeer is asook voorbeelde van hoe die situasie daar sal uitsien indien die relevante faktor afwesig is. Klein besigheidseienaars evalueer hulself op 'n skaal van een tot tien. Die doel van die model is tweeledig, eerstens om die eienaar attent te maak op die volle omvang van faktore waaraan aandag gegee moet word, en tweedens om 'n riglyn te bied waarteen vordering op elkeen van die kritieke sukses faktore gemeet kan word.
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Court, Philip Wathen. "A combination of a stationary and non-stationary model to predict corporate failure in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002800.
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Business failure should be of concern in most industralised countries and the importance of accurately evaluating the phenomenon from a management and investment point of view is enormous. Were it possible to predict failure with a certain degree of confidence, steps could be taken to rectify the situation and the benefit would accrue to all of the stakeholders in the macroenvironment. In essence, the profitability of a business is influenced by two sets of variables. In the first instance, it is influenced by a variety of internal (microeconomic) variables which are firm- specific and which management is generally able to control. A further distinction in this regard may be made between the financial and non-financial variables. In the second instance, it is generally accepted that profitability will be influenced by a number of external (macroeconomic) variables which are generally beyond the control of management. In the main, however, the profitability of the firm is generally determined by a combination of both sets of factors. To date, a great deal of research has been undertaken in an attempt to establish a reliable model which may be used to predict failure. This has mainly been confined to the microeconomic variables which can be used to predict failure and attempts have been made to isolate either a single financial ratio or a number of financial and non-financial variables which can be used to model corporate failure. The research has met with a certain degree of success although this appears to be confined to the economic environment to which the models have been applied. The models are less successful when applied to other macroenvironments. Limited research has been undertaken into the macroeconomic variables which contribute to business failure or to a combination of the two types of variables. It is appropriate therefore that further consideration be given to the establishment of a model incorporating ALL the variables which could contribute to corporate failure. The purpose of this research is to undertake an investigation of micro- and macroeconomic variables that are freely available to reserachers and which may be used in a failure prediction model. The intention is to obtain a comprehensive, yet simple model which can be used as an overall predictor of PENDING failure.
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Gulliver, Ian AH. "Going Out: Successes and Failures of Chinese State-owned Enterprises in Foreign Markets." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/893.
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China’s State-owned Enterprises are important actors in China’s foreign policy arsenal. In the last decade, these massive companies began an international expansion unlike anything seen before on Earth. Going into developing nations, these companies undertake massive infrastructure and development projects in countries that most western nations have written off. This paper examines the success and failure of SOEs when they go abroad employing three case studies from the past decade, the Mes Aynak copper mine in Afghanistan, the Sicomines infrastructure and copper project in the Congo, and the COVEC highway project in Poland. The projects are then analyzed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of SOEs and comments on whether or not they are successful tools of diplomacy in our contemporary globalized world.
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Mellish, Mars. "Exploring Skills That Liberian Small-Business Entrepreneurs Use to Succeed in Business." Thesis, Walden University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10133635.
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Over 35 years of gross economic mismanagement and business failures led Liberia’s gross domestic product to collapse by 90% in less than two decades. As a result of a general lack of business skills, up to 80% of Liberian small-business entrepreneurs fail in business beyond the first year. Based on the theory of constraints, the purpose of this exploratory multiple case study was to explore the business skills that Liberian small-business entrepreneurs used to succeed in business beyond the first year. Data came from semistructured face-to-face interviews with 5 central regional Liberian small-business entrepreneurs who had succeeded in business beyond the first year. Participant observation, the use of company documents, and the use of member checking allowed for methodological triangulation and verification of the themes. Analysis of data involved using pattern-matching technique and date coding to evaluate, organize, code, and analyze the raw data. There were 3 prominent themes that emerged among entrepreneurs during data analysis: business knowledge, bookkeeping, and pricing skills. The data from the results indicated, within this particular context, Liberian small-business entrepreneurs used business skills for knowledge, finance, and marketing. Focusing on these practices may lead to increased profit and business success beyond the first year for other Liberian small-business entrepreneurs. The findings from the study could provide mechanisms for social change by giving Liberian small-business entrepreneurs additional ideas for using their business skills in their businesses. Furthermore, the findings may aid the Liberian communities to create training programs and curriculums for numerous Liberian colleges and institutions for future Liberian small-business owners.
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Kusz, Gabriella. "Do we really learn from our mistakes? an examination of the effect of an entrepreneur's past business failures on current business success in Sub-Saharan Africa /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4137.
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April, Wilfred Isak. "Critical factors that influence the success and failure of SMEs in Namibia in the Khomas Region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3316.
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Thesis (MComm (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.This study seeks to analyse the critical factors that influence the success and failure of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Namibia in the Khomas Findings of the study indicate that there is a problem of business failure in the Khomas Region. Although business owners of successful and unsuccessful businesses recognise the support from the government, most unsuccessful business owners feel that the lack of proper governmental assistance is still one of the most critical factors that led to failure. Finally the major recommendation of the study highlights the issue that the government should come up with strategic measures (such as business incubators) that will prolong the survival of SMEs. Region. To achieve this, the objectives of this study are to confirm whether there is a problem of business failure in Namibia in the Khomas Region. This will be done by identifying the causes of the problems and to search for practical solutions, given the causes of the problems. It is important that the problems associated with business success and failure be understood. Through an analysis of theoretical information and empirical results it is possible to establish how to facilitate more innovative and effective development that is much needed in developing countries, such as Namibia. From the literature it became clear that there are numerous advantages and disadvantages associated with operating an SME. There will be always disadvantages for which we may never find solutions. Despite this, it is evident that SMEs are crucial for the development of any country, as they offer benefits such as subcontractors for larger organisations, economic growth and employment generation. Data were colleted from respondents by means of forty structured questionnaires (twenty for successful firms and twenty for unsuccessful firms) consisting of 23 questions (plus three open-ended questions). Nineteen of the questionnaires were returned of which twelve were from successful firms and nine from unsuccessful firms. The sample was drawn from a list of all the SME owners in Namibia in the Khomas Region.
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Corbellari, Max. "An investigation into corporate governance and the fall of Enron." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49841.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.The Study Project is entitled: "Corporate Governance and the fall of Enron", Concepts like corporate government have been developed and created due to needs of owners and society to supervise management but more importantly influence the direction of companies. The term "corporate governance" derives from an analogy between the governments of cities, nations or states and the governance of corporations. The early corporate finance textbooks saw "representative government" (Mead 1922:31) as an important advantage of the corporation over partnerships but there has been and still is little agreement on how representative corporate governance really is, or whom it should represent. The analogy between corporate and political voting was explicit in early corporate charters and writings, dating back to the revolutionary origins of the American corporation and the first railway corporations in Germany (Dunlavy 1998). The precise term "corporate governance" itself seems to have been used first by Richard Eells (1960, p.l08), to denote "the structure and functioning of the corporate polity". An important objective of this Study Project was to investigate the case study of Enron, why it failed and the outcome relating to Corporate Governance in the future. A review of the activities by Enron was done in order to determine the possible reasons of its failure. To achieve the above, it was determined that qualitative, investigative research would be conducted, rather than a quantitative, numerative approach. The research methodology used in this Study Project of a secondary research. Secondary research, in the form of an in-depth, global literature review was conducted on the topic.