Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Business etiquette'
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Karpenko, S., A. Lomaka, Ірина Анатоліївна Морозова, Ирина Анатольевна Морозова, and Iryna Anatoliivna Morozova. "Business gift giving etiquette." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31126.
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Try sending gifts at times other than major holidays. These occasions could include a promotion, a new baby, a birthday, a new business referral.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31126
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Mangundjaya, Wustari H. "Cross-cultural comparisons of preferred role types between Australian and Indonesian managers /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16254.pdf.
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Ismail, Jumiati. "Challenges in international business communication : a study of language, culture and inter-cultural issues in Malaysian-Australian business discourse." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0107.
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This study aims to explore communication deviances and strategies in the negotiation discourse of Malaysian-Australian business encounters, from both a linguistic and nonlinguistic perspective. Specifically, it sees miscommunications/deviances as factors that may hinder the business communication process and prevent the negotiators from achieving their objectives. The study also focuses on strategies, or those discourse skills which promote successful business negotiation. The research method is based on the analysis of discourse generated from initial 'perception' interviews, business meetings, and post-meeting 'follow-up' interviews. The research involved a cross-section of Malaysian and Australian business people from various industries; such as tourism, information technology, hospitality and financial services. The initial 'perception' interviews were intended to gather data on the prior experiences of Malaysian and Australian businesspeople, both in terms of the reported difficulties and strengths in their business interactions and dealings in Western Australia. In the second stage of the analysis, the deviances which signalled miscommunication in the negotiation were identified in the recorded meeting data. Also identified were the strategies which were used by the negotiators to increase the likelihood that their goals will be achieved. The objective of the research was then to interpret why these strategies were being used, and their influence on the negotiation process. From the data a pattern emerged in the way that deviance occurred, and the way that strategies were being performed. This has made it possible to group deviance and strategies and present the findings thematically. Altogether, five themes identified, these were: Management of topics, Building rapport; Ethical business conduct; Building recognition; Styles in business practice. The study has shown that business communication discourse reflects the embedded culture of its speakers. Topic management was also found to play an important role in the business meetings as it enabled the participants to more effectively lead their discussion towards its intended goal. Both the deviance and strategies have been managed by the business negotiators in the way they select the appropriate topic categories in order to effectively maintain the discussion throughout the meeting.
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Дарвиш, В. В., Юлія Вікторівна Косенко, Юлия Викторовна Косенко, and Yuliia Viktorivna Kosenko. "Особенности употребления обращениий к собеседнику в немецком деловом этикете." Thesis, СумГПУ им. А.С. Макаренко, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44985.
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Bryan, Angela E. "Face-to-face communication in Australian workplaces : a social rules approach /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16510.pdf.
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Gao, Hongzhi, and n/a. "Guanxi dilemmas and gatekeepers : a qualitative study of Chinese-Western intercultural relationships in marketing." University of Otago. Department of Marketing, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090417.113317.
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Guanxi literally means a �special personal relationship� in Chinese social and business life. It is commonly considered a cultural barrier for many foreign entrants in China due to its exclusiveness, complexity and dynamics. This research study aims to understand the constraints and dilemmas in Chinese-Western intercultural business contexts. Specific questions addressed in this study are: (a) What are the constraints and dilemmas in Chinese-Western intercultural relationships in marketing? (b) How do business actors manage these constraints and dilemmas? (c) What new insights can be developed in order to improve Chinese-Western intercultural marketing relationships? These questions are important because most theoretical understandings of business relationships are developed in Western contexts. Furthermore, the emergence of China as a major global trading nation gives weight to these questions.
A case study strategy is adopted with a focus on Chinese-Western intercultural marketing relationships. This study follows the International/Industrial Marketing & Purchasing Group (IMP)�s research tradition that views relationship building as the consequence of interaction among networks of actors. The research methodology is both qualitative and interpretive. A hermeneutical approach under the constructivist paradigm is adopted to interpret empirical findings from interviews with 58 Chinese and Western business managers.
Analysis was conducted in three hermeneutical stages. Each stage progressed and revealed new sources of understanding. The first stage provided a contextual understanding of Chinese-Western intercultural business relationship by identifying �three circles� of relationship development activity based on behavioural norms, respectively the insider (guanxi) circle, an emerging intercultural circle and an outsider circle. This allowed me to develop a bridging perspective of guanxi ties in the emerging intercultural �middle� circle. The second stage revealed three types of guanxi dilemmas for outsiders. The second stage also disclosed seven kinds of perceived risk derived from Confucian ideology. The third stage developed a new concept of guanxi gatekeeper. These guanxi gatekeepers play vital roles in managing outsiders� dilemmas and the risks perceived by insiders in developing intercultural (interpersonal) relationships. They engage two gatekeeping processes: reciprocal gatekeeping and symbolic gatekeeping. It is my conclusion that the gatekeeping view of guanxi processes provides an improved understanding of relationship development in Chinese-Western intercultural business contexts.
This study contributes to the marketing literature by identifying a new interpersonal network perspective and also the network position of guanxi gatekeeper in emerging Chinese-Western intercultural business networks. Thus, indirectly connected actors are seen to work independently but also interdependently through the involvement of gatekeepers. This study has an important strategic implication for Western entrants in China: Western firms and managers can avoid la guanxi (forcing direct relationships with innermost guanxi insiders) and instead operate through the facilitation of a middle force - guanxi gatekeepers.
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Wu, Yu-Hsien. "Social skill in the workplace what is social skill and how does it matter? /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5542.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 18, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mukasa, Herbert, and Elroy Eugene Smith. "Perceptions of the rules of business behaviour in the competitive banking environment in Uganda." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12297.
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Business rules shape the behaviour of a business and guide the behaviour of employees when conducting business. Therefore, business rules explain what is allowed and not allowed. It is argued that all organisations have business rules and engage in some form of relationship whether through competition or cooperation with other companies. In today’s business environment, organisations are embedded in relationships with other actors in order to gain access to resources that are needed. Therefore, each organisation’s business rules define their strategies and actions. The type of business rule behaviour which is applied by organisations encourages them to grow by taking market share from rivals or creating new markets. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the rules of business behaviour on perceptions of the competitive banking environment in Uganda and its potential impact on certain outcomes. In this study, a quantitative research approach was adopted, as the study sought to investigate the relationships between variables. This study collected data through the use of a structured self-administered survey questionnaire which was distributed to 233 branches of banks in Uganda, totaling 700 bank employees. The survey yielded 529 usable questionnaires which were analyzed, using several statistical analysis techniques. A hypothetical model and measuring instrument of perceptions of the rules of business behaviour in the competitive banking environment within Uganda was developed. Six null-hypotheses were subjected to statistical analysis. The influence of three independent variables, namely, confrontational business behaviour, co-operational business behaviour and typologies of competition on the intermediate variable, perceptions of the competitive banking environment in Uganda were tested. The impact of these variables on three independent outcome variables, namely, organisational performance and customer loyalty and retention were also tested The empirical findings revealed that the rules of business behaviour have a significant relationship with perceptions of the competitive banking environment in Uganda. These results showed that confrontational behaviour as a rule of business behaviour can be classified as being direct or indirect. The study further revealed that banks should consider competitors as co-partners and not only as aggressors, indicating that co-operational business behaviour is statistically significantly related to perceptions of the competitive business environment in Uganda. The three typologies of competition, namely, defy attack, defense and debase attack are also positively related to perceptions of the competitive business environment in Uganda. The empirical results of the study also indicated that perceptions of the competitive banking environment have a positive relationship with outcomes such as organisational performance, customer retention and customer loyalty. This study contributed to the literature and body of knowledge regarding the impact of rules of business behaviour in the competitive banking environment in Uganda. This study could also assist banks, employees and customers alike to understand the different rules of business behaviour that exist and what strategies banks can employ to improve their position in the market. This study could also be replicated by other banks in other developing countries so as to ensure successful competition and the cooperation of banks as they engage in their activities in the banking industry.
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Cantor, Malcolm, and mcantor@austconsgroup com au. "Cross cultural consulting." Swinburne University of Technology. Graduate School of Business, 2000. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050218.091024.
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This thesis is concerned with cross-cultural consulting. The research examines how a
multinational consulting team worked with a multinational client. The consultants were from Taiwan, Japan, Singapore, Indonesia, USA and Australia and the client was a multinational oil company located on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. The study employs the narrative theory of Ricoeur together with the research findings
on culture of Hofstede, Trompenaars, Hall, Kluckhorn and Strodtbeck. The study relies on a comparison of national cultural characteristics as they were enacted duringthe conduct of a consulting project. The research emphasises the roles of the consultants, the consulting process and the consulting outcomes.
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Гаврик, Р. "Етикет ділової жінки." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16894.
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Василенко, В. А., and М. Ошкодьорова. "Деякі мовно-національні аспекти українського ділового етикету." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23108.
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Leung, Thomas K. P. "An empirical study of a holistic Sino-foreign joint venture negotiation model /." [Richmond, N.S.W.} : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030624.085939/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999.Spine title: Sino-foreign negotiation. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 572-574).
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Gullová, Soňa. "Společenská etiketa, obchodní a diplomatický protokol." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77056.
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The goal of this Thesis is to uncover, characterize, analyze, describe and define selected contemporary rules of etiquette, international business and diplomatic protocol in international business and diplomatic practice and point out the greatest deficiencies witnessed in practice. The research subject of this Thesis is, thus, the formal aspect of international business and diplomatic cooperation. Its output consists of recommendation on how to correctly apply these rules in practice. I would also like my paper to significantly contribute to the general knowledge of this fascinating and commonly useful knowledge. The structure of the Thesis as it was drawn up in context of its goals consists of three main chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first part of the Thesis deals with Social Etiquette. This part is not conceived as general rules of social intercourse. Instead, it concentrates mainly on the elaboration of contemporary general rules of social intercourse and etiquette to in the context of business and entrepreneurial activities, i.e. Business Protocol. The Thesis would also like to provide answers to the following questions: What is the current standard of social intercourse in the Czech Republic? What are the contemporary rules of social intercourse in the Czech Republic and how do they differ from the etiquette abroad? Can we claim that these rules are being observed? What leads our managers, businessman, diplomats etc. to observing these rules? In my Thesis I strive to evaluate contemporary rules applicable to social, business and diplomatic events as well as in written communication and to draw attention the lack of their knowledge. Another partial goal of the Thesis consists of using carried out analyses, evaluations, inquiries via questionnaires and comparative analyses to point out the differences in the rules of social intercourse, conduct and negotiation in different territories. The working hypothesis of this part of the paper is to indicate on the basis of the above mentioned allegations the relationship between the behaviour and conduct of managers of different provenience and the fact that they have different cultural background. Culture is learned not inherited. It is derived from the social environment not from genes and it must be clearly distinguished from human character and the character of individual people. Significant attention is, therefore, paid to the study of international customs and conventions, especially those of the countries which the representatives of Czech firms, enterprises and institutions most come into contact with. The presented Thesis does not have the ambition to come up with a definitive cookbook as to how to conduct oneself in a given situation within a given territory; it merely strives to point out the pitfalls, misunderstandings and blunders in conduct and barriers in communication and in business or any other professional negotiations. Unlike legal acts the rules of Etiquette are not binding. Laws apply to all and the state prosecutes their infringement. Unlike laws, the rules of Etiquette are not enforceable. Their only form of enforcement is the social pressure which the society effectuates on the individual. Thus, the standards of social conduct only apply to those willing to abide by them. The presented paper is an aggregate of the rules and its author's views. Another author's standpoint may differ. The second part of the Thesis concentrates on the sphere of Diplomatic Protocol in international business and diplomatic practice. The presented paper aims at describing the existing system of Foreign Service and diplomatic activities, presenting the diplomatic representations, consulates, missions and other representatives abroad, their functioning as well as their immunities and privileges. Diplomatic Protocol concerns the formal, not the material, content of international relations. Formal rules of social conduct in intercourse with diplomatic representatives of other countries, the etiquette and the ceremonies applied to the intercourse with these representatives form an integral part of the Diplomatic Protocol. In the initial part I define the very term Diplomatic Protocol and I strive to specify is subject. Successively I address individual respective parts of Diplomatic Protocol and diplomatic practice, such as the methods of establishing diplomatic relationships, the roles of diplomatic missions, ranks of diplomatic representatives and their immunities and privileges, the procedure related to the conferment of agrément and the termination of activity of the head of a diplomatic mission, official visits of foreign guests, organisation of international conferences, diplomatic correspondence, consular activities etc. In the course of its elaboration the presented Thesis should also offer answers to the following questions: What is the current international form, role and significance of the Diplomatic Protocol? What leads states to observing signed conventions? Which diplomatic immunities and privileges are at the moment among the most abused or violated? For the accomplishment of the goals set out in this Thesis I shall strive to outline the scale of theoretic approaches and based on the effective layout and international practice express my own conclusions. Among others, the paper also aims at promoting the development of skills of the current diplomat and acquainting them with the norms of diplomatic correspondence. The aforementioned part of the Thesis also sets out another rather easily attained objective: due to the inexistence of comprehensive publications on this topic to become a handbook and reference manual not only for the young adepts of this profession but for all who for some reason take interest in Diplomacy. It was an ambition of the author to assemble and explain terms, which those interested in the practical aspects of Foreign Service, may be confronted with. The paper reflects current diplomatic practice and takes into account Czech circumstances. The author is endeavouring to mediate the information and knowledge she gained through years of practice at representative offices abroad gained during her practical experience at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and through more than 20 years of practice in academic research and instruction of this area.
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Zhao, Ke, and 赵珂. "Fostering learning and collaboration through computer-supported collaborative inquiry among Chinese tertiary business Englishstudents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44901926.
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Tycová, Tereza. "Specifika obchodního jednání v Číně." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206682.
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This thesis aims to provide complex view of business negotiations with Chinese partners, particularly with regard to intercultural differences and characteristics of business protocol. The thesis is divided into four chapters, focused on China as a territory, distinctions in culture and business, as well as selected business dealings between Czech and Chinese company. Knowledge of Chinese "game rules" and sufficient preparation are two essential preconditions for long-term success in the Chinese scene.
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Lin, Huey Hannah. "Contextualizing linguistic politeness in Chinese a socio-pragmatic approach with examples from persuasive sales talk in Taiwan Mandarin /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1109961198.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 192 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-192). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Pelánová, Pavla. "Obchodní a diplomatický protokol Francie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193029.
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The aim of my master thesis was to specify the business and diplomatic protocol in France and answer several questions that I defined. Are there any differences between the facts that we read in books and guides about French business and diplomatic protocol, and the reality? Can we generalize French business protocol and say that it is valid for all sectors and generations of managers? Can we claim that French diplomatic protocol is valid all the time and every single president sticks to it? The first chapter explains all the key terms - protocol, business protocol, diplomatic protocol, business negotiation, etiquette. The second chapter focuses on French business protocol, especially organization and course of business negotiation, dress code and gift-giving etiquette, and finally characterizes a typical French company. The third chapter focuses on French diplomatic protocol, especially on all aspects conserning ambassadors in France. The fourth chapter represents the practical part and gives several practical examples of French business and diplomatic protocol. This part is based on four qualitative conversations with four experts on this domain.
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Nguyenová, Zuzana. "Vietnamské kulturní standardy a jejich vliv na život Vietnamců v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204029.
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The dissertation focuses on Vietnamese culture from the perspective of the Hofstede´s model of cultural dimensions and also describes its development and the factors that shaped it. Emphasis is laid on Vietnamese business etiquette, which includes previously discovered evidence of a Vietnamese way of thinking and acting. Attention is also paid to the characteristics of the Vietnamese minority in the Czech Republic, the static data related to this minority and evaluation of its integration. The goal of the research is to reveal the cultural differences between Vietnamese and Czech society and describe the influence of the Czech environment on original cultural values and habits of members of the Vietnamese minority in the Czech Republic.
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Krueger, Paula Kay. "China and the USA: An analysis of intercultural training methods in the corporate environment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2563.
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This project presents the cultural significance of establishing and maintaining business relationships with Chinese counterparts. It includes sample training modules to provide intercultural training for all firms engaged in business with China.
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Lundgreen, Michael Scott. "A career preparation curriculum for [the] San Bernardino Employment Development Department." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2121.
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The purpose of the project was to develop a training course for the city of San Bernardino Employment Development Department [EDD] to introduce job seekers to the primary marketing skills necessary for obtaining gainful employment.
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Molina, Rosa Maria. "Curriculum manual for the esthetician course at Fullerton College." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2503.
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The purpose of this thesis was to develop a core curriculum to be used at Fullerton College for the esthetician program. This curriculum consists of two Esthetic courses which will help facilitate student learning, prepare them for licensure and help them develop life long skills to meet the competitive job market.
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Steen, Emma, and Charlotte Grenz. "Affärsetikett - ett verktyg för framgång i affärer?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-518.
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Background: Etiquette has become vital in business relationships. In today’s competitive business climate signs indicate that social competence affect whether a business deal is settled or not. This type of competence could be of crucial importance at a first business meeting and it also plays an important role for future business relationships. Business etiquette is therefore, within the world of business, an interesting area to study.
Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to clarify what knowledge and understanding companies, listed on the Swedish stock exchange, possess towards business etiquette, their viewpoint on etiquette education and finally to ascertain whether or not those companies perceive business etiquette to be pivotal to success.
Methodology: In order to attain our purpose of this essay we found it most suitable to utilize both a quantitative and qualitative research method. To obtain a deeper understanding, two personal interviews, with professionals within the field of business etiquette, were carried out. A questionnaire was sent out to 100 companies and four personal interviews, with representatives from two different banks, were also conducted.
Conclusions: We have come to the conclusion that many business deals fail due to lack of appropriate etiquette. According to the respondents, business etiquette could be a suitable tool to achieve success in business. Our analysis shows that business etiquette is a collection of rules where common sense, judgment, humility and respect are important aspects that should pervade conduct toward colleagues and customers. According to our survey, the customer is imperative in business relations and the employees should therefore perform situational in accordance to the customer’s expectations. A conclusion could be drawn that if a company succeeds in offering the customer greater value, in comparison with its competitors, it will give the company a competitive advantage and result in profitability.
Bakgrund: Vett och etikett blir alltmer betydande i affärer. I dagens konkurrenskraftiga företagsklimat tyder allt fler tecken på att social kompetens kan påverka om ett affärsavtal sluts eller inte. Denna typ av kompetens kan vara helt avgörande vid ett första affärsmöte och även återspegla framtida affärsrelationer. Affärsetikett är alltså ett viktigt område i näringslivet, och därför intressant att studera.
Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att studera svenska börsbolags kunskap om affärsetikett och deras ställningstagande till utbildning i ämnet. Slutligen vill vi ta reda på om företagen ser affärsetikett som en framgångsfaktor i affärer.
Metod: För att uppnå vårt syfte valde vi att kombinera en kvantitativ med en kvalitativ ansats. För att öka vår förförståelse utfördes först två djupintervjuer med kunniga i ämnet. En enkät skickades sedan ut till 100 stycken börsbolag och ytterligare fyra personliga intervjuer genomfördes med två svenska banker.
Slutsatser: Vi har kunnat konstatera att alltför många affärer misslyckas på grund av dålig etikettkunskap. Enligt respondenterna kommer affärsetiketten in som ett lämpligt verktyg för framgång i affärer. Undersökningen visar på att affärsetikett utgör ett regelverk där sunt förnuft, omdöme, ödmjukhet och respekt är viktiga aspekter, som ska genomsyra uppförandet gentemot kollega och kund. Vidare har det framkommit att kunden är det centrala i affärsrelationer och personalens agerande bör därför situationsanpassas efter kundens förväntningar. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att om en organisation lyckas erbjuda kunden ett större värde, jämfört med konkurrenterna, kommer detta ge företaget konkurrensfördel som i längden utmynnar i lönsamhet.
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Leung, Thomas K. P. "An empirical study of a holistic Sino-foreign joint venture negotiation model." Thesis, [Richmond, N.S.W.} : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/690.
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The purpose of the thesis is to provide an empirical study of a Sino-foreign joint venture negotiation model that integrates strategies from western literature into a Chinese environment and cultural context. The findings and recommendations of the study aim to help foreign negotiators penetrate the important Chinese market through a systematic approach emerging from this Sino-foreign joint venture negotiation model. The thesis provides a holistic view on Sino-foreign joint venture negotiation. Case study method was determined as the best methodology. The suitability of the Sino-foreign joint venture negotiation model and the research protocol of this study were demonstrated via 5 in-depth interviews and a pilot test before the actual fieldwork. The major findings of this thesis suggest that foreign negotiators need to manage complex areas such as the Chinese environment, the company requirements of both organisations and the Chinese negotiating process. Besides, the foreign negotiators need to equip themselves with Problem Solving Attitude (PSA) and an understanding of Chinese cultural concepts, such as guanxi, face, renqing, reciprocity and trust so as to make the negotiation effective. Different strategies emerge at different stages of the process and there is no direct relationship between successful negotiation and joint venture outcomes. A model and strategies for joint venture establishment in China are provided, but the model itself has no predictive power on joint venture outcomes such as profit satisfaction.
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Duong, Minh Vuong. "Vliv konfuciánství na obchod v Asii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75184.
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World's largest business center is now located in East Asia, which is also the place of Confucian origin..Asian cultures influenced by Confucianism are known for their "inner strength" and stability. Trade in these countries flourishes as nowhere else in the world. The way of life and perception of social values, according to Confucian values significantly affected the business culture of these countries. This thesis describes the attitude and behavior in business and economic activities of Confucian citizens. How Confucianism contributed to the present form of business conduction, practices, culture and etiquette in China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan.
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Klaussner, Miriam. "An examination of communication across cultures in news media and at informal/personal levels : with concentration on relations among two South East Asian countries and Australia and those two countries and Germany." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
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In the age of globalisation dominated by mass communication, the flow of information contributes to a big extent to the worldviews of its "global citizens".
From this point of view the mass media can be seen as one of the most salient sources of cross-cultural communication. This study investigates mass
communication across cultures, focusing on South East Asia (Malaysia and Singapore), Australia and Germany. The centre of attention is the Western media coverage of South East Asia and vice versa. In this context a content analysis of
newspapers of the three regions has been conducted. In addition, working practices and conditions of Western foreign correspondents in South East Asia have been
examined. Apart from the investigation of inter-cultural media coverage, another focus of attention will be the examination of two levels of communication: The business
level, concentrating on issues like e.g. the Asian business etiquette; and the private level, looking into the transition to a different culture from the perspective of Australian and German expatriates. Apart from investigating mass communication across cultures and to provide a written analysis of the findings, a series of radio documentaries in English and in German has been produced. They cover the following issues: Foreign correspondents in South East Asia, the expatriate-lifestyle of Australians and Germans in South East Asia, business etiquette in Asia, student exchange Germany-Asia, image and prejudices East-West and Tourism.
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Chuan, Lee Chi, and 李啟川. "JAPAN Business etiquette research--Use email case--." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2fes2f.
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ching, Lu su, and 盧素卿. "The Business Management and Management of Christian Etiquette." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cg7wv3.
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碩士樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
106
The study that I did is for the purpose of searching for the connection between the Christian-funeral-service (including the art of flower-arrangement) and the modern idea of enterprise-running. The development of modern society is inevitably connected with the active movement of business-world. Indeed, no society can be healthy without the sound action of the world of enterprise. Traditionally, funeral-service has not been seriously considered as a regularly managed-business, therefore, whenever a man of this kind of service insists that his job is surely as a regular business, he will be teased. Nevertheless, people’s way of thinking has been rapidly changed. Nowaday, people are correctly facing the reality of human “birth”, “old,” “sickness” and “death” … these are traditionally called the four-bitterness of human life. Owing to such a change of conception, human death has been highly paid attention. Not only this, even the life of the person who passed away has been highly dignified and respected. Now on the basis of such a shift of view, the christian IV funeral-service must naturally magnify its meaning and style. Since the writer of this essay is one of operators of the Christian funeral-service, pratically there is a urgent necessity for me to study the modern idea and technique of how to handle a newly established enterprise. For example, the business-management, the public relation, the theory of organization, and the development of the potentiality of working personnel, etc. Beside the knowlege mentioned above, the cognition of the Christian conception of life and death or the understanding of the way of Christion living, both are essentially important for the people like me. These knowledge will surely determine what kind of attitude we will show off before the people who lost their most beloved ones. Finally the application of all the knowledge in practical operation is the first priority of mission of our company－Cannan Funeral service.
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Lee, Dong-Hee, and 李東熹. "Business Plan for Kingmaker Entrepreneurs'' Etiquette School." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88698304083203673387.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
企業管理碩士專班
104
Kingmaker Etiquette School for Entrepreneurs is a fledgling educational institution located in the heart of Seoul, South Korea. As one of a few etiquette training institutions targeting startup entrepreneurs in Korea, Kingmaker will offer various range of soft skills training to young current and future entrepreneurs in need of establishing executive presence at an organization. The training programs will include soft skills categories such as business etiquette, professional social gatherings, leadership and negotiation, and image management for professionals. In the process of carrying out our business, we aim to achieve the following mission and vision. Our mission is to become the first tier educational institution for cross-cultural business etiquette and manners in Asia, and the ultimate vision is to nurture global business leaders with ethics and correct virtues.
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CHEN, YU-CHUN, and 陳俞君. "A study on Business Etiquette Instruction withIntegration of Meditated Awareness." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wfr9ep.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
教育學系教育創新與評鑑碩士班在職專班
106
While learning business etiquette, most students are unable to quickly apply what they have learned to their daily life. The process of cultivating business etiquette and practicing what have been learned is never an easy task for human behaviors and manners are quite habitual. Therefore, with 8-year meditated awareness practice, the researcher tried integrating “meditated awareness” into a business etiquette course, aiming at heightening the students’ motivation and awareness of etiquette learning. In this study, the researcher timely modified her instructional design and instructional strategies in order to explore the students’ improvement of etiquette performance, which engaged in awareness practice. In such process, the researcher could look into the difficulties they encountered and reflect upon the teaching methods to be enhanced or modified. In this study, the researcher undertook the self-study research method to explore the integration of “meditated awareness” into business etiquette learning with 53 students within 4 months. Based on the students’ learning feedback and the researcher’s teaching reflection, as well as the collaborative teacher’s observation, the researcher was able to better detect their learning difficulties and modify certain teaching methods or techniques. Through such a deliberate process, the students came to better understand their inner selves and perceive others’ feelings and behaviors with clearer mind. After 4-month study on the integration of meditated awareness into business etiquette course, the researcher found that the students’ continuous practice of meditated awareness enhances their etiquette knowledge and performance. In addition, the students could better manage their emotional fluctuation, and enhanced awareness does help nurture their positive thinking. Such meditated awareness help resolve the students’ emotional ups and downs. Meanwhile, the researcher’s awareness of her and the students could transform the difficulties challenging her teaching with greater ease. Overall, it is suggested that the facilitator/teacher engages in continuous cultivation of meditated awareness so as to nurture deeper insights. The facilitator/teacher also need to be open-minded toward the students’ feedback, be they positive or negative. It is also highly recommended that the teacher/facilitator and students participate in meditated awareness learning community or organization in order to incorporate meditated awareness into business etiquette teaching with deeper enlightenment.
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Huang, yen-chih, and 黃彥智. "The effects of business etiquette and customer orientation on the insurance customer’s satisfaction." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y8f3nj.
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碩士逢甲大學
風險管理與保險學系
103
There has been a lack of studies to examine the potential effects of salesperson etiquette that have had on customer satisfaction. By using Taiwan’s insurance customers as a research sample, this study examines the effects of salesperson etiquette and customer orientation on customer satisfaction. The study further checks how the customers’ perception of salesperson etiquette is affected by salespeople’s customer orientation. Data were collected from the insurance customers in Taiwan, and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was used to examine the hypotheses. The results showed that salesperson etiquette and customer orientation were positively related to customer satisfaction. Not only that, it was found that salesperson etiquette mediated the relationship between customer’s perception of salesperson customer orientation and customer satisfaction. The study may provide some implications for insurance companies.
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Hsu, Ming-Feng, and 徐銘豐. "Etiquette Strategies in Business E-mails for International Collaborating Communication by Chinese Users of English." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s4v8z4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
英語學系
107
Both of effective writing and long-term relationship maintenance are the necessary elements for business e-mail communication. Ineffective e-mail messages waste times and lacks of etiquette e-mail messages damage cooperative relationships. However, a communication goal may not be achieved if the e-mail does not possess the effective writing. International business e-mail communication requires effective and collaborating functions in order to achieve the communicative goals and win-win targets. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the etiquette strategies in business e-mails for international communication by Chinese users of English. Firstly, this study discussed the effective e-mail writing from two aspects; correct format and readability. Secondly, it examined the etiquette in business e-mail communication. Finally investigated what the etiquette strategies of Brown and Levinson (1987) were frequently used in the business e-mails by Chinese users of English between business partners when people tend to reach a collaborating communication of Thomas-Kilmann Mode (1974, 2007). According to the qualitative analysis results of e-mail samples, positive strategies seem to be more frequently used in business e-mails about as twice as negative strategies by Chinese users of English. They tended to not only make the request but also provide the more and detailed reasonable explanation to minimize the ranking of imposition by means of giving reasons and minimizing imposition. They also tended to use the strategies included apologizing, being indirect, questioning, being optimistic and including both speaker and hearer in activity in order to convey the cooperative relationship and further lead into collaborating communication. At the end of this thesis, the limitations of the study were pointed out and suggestions for further study were provided.
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Ramos, Susana Silva. "Etiqueta Chinesa nos negócios: Qual é a sua importância e como pode o “negociador ocidental” navegá-la?" Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19844.
Full textAbstract:
O crescente interesse e investimento em negócios na e com a China não tem
significado que as empresas que assim o fazem, fazem com sucesso. Estes recuos
podem ser atribuídos a más aplicações de gestão ao mercado chinês. É neste sentido que
o modelo Gesteland se enquadra cada vez mais e melhor nas abordagens cross-cultural
business aos negócios internacionais.
Compreender a cultura chinesa, as suas perspectivas históricas, o orgulho
nacional, a crença “que o resulta não necessita de mudança”; compreender que um
chinês prioriza os valores e objectivos socialistas em detrimento da eficiência ou até
mesmo do lucro é crucial para o sucesso nos negócios com a China. A etiqueta é
apontada como um dos principais factores de sucesso nos negócios com a China. Os
Estrangeiros devem estar atentos à não-observância do que é um comportamento
próprio, que não causa desconforto ou discórdia e não ameaça o “todo”. As correctas
práticas nos negócios podem ser a alavanca necessária à competitividade.The recent interest and investment in business in and with China, does not mean that the business companies do so successfully. These setbacks can be attributed to bad management regarding the Chinese market. The Gesteland model increasingly makes sense framing the cross-cultural business approaches in international business. Understanding the Chinese culture, there historical perspectives, the national pride, the believe in “what has always worked needs no change”; understanding that a Chinese will prioritize socialist values and objectives instead of efficiency or profit is crucial to the success in business with China. The business etiquette is pointed out as one of the main factors for success. Foreigners must pay attention to the non-observance of a proper behavior, that does not cause discomfort or discord and does not threatens the “all”. The correct business practices may be the most suitable advantage needed for competing.
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Jiang, Nanquian. "How does the concept of guanxi help foreign managers do business in China?" 2009. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20090713.172030/index.html.
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Shen, Jia. "Estudo sobre a criação de uma disciplina universitária de português de etiqueta e cultura de negócios: perspetiva de comunicação internacional e multicultural." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/46318.
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Cantor, Malcolm. "Cross cultural consulting /." 2000. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20050218.091024.
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Thesis (Master of Business (Organisation dynamics)) - Swinburne University of Technology, Division of Business, Humanities and Social Science, Graduate School of Business, 2000.Submitted for the degree of Master of Business (Organisation dynamics), Swinburne University of Technology, Division of Business, Humanities and Social Science, Graduate School of Business, 2000. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 263-268.
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Zywotkiewicz, Elize. "Criteria for a South African course in intercultural business communication : the case of Iscor in Japan." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17888.
Full textAbstract:
This study identifies the need for intercultural business communication competence
and contends that a course in this field is of particular relevance to South African
organisations. The aim of this study is to identify, through needs analysis, the specific
intercultural business communication requirements of lscor managers with regard to
Japan. The requirements are identified in such a way that they may be used as the
criteria for an intercultural business communication course.
Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the study. The results of
the research indicate that managers generally lack knowledge of various
communication aspects relating to Japan. Participants also indicated a high degree
of culture shock in terms of specific intercultural factors.
The findings of the study form the content topics around which a course in
intercultural business communication may be developed. The relative value of the
topics to specific managers is also identified.Communication Science
M.A. (Communication)
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Лобан, В. В., and V. V. Loban. "Кросс-культурные особенности при ведении международных переговоров на примере ОАО «Уралмеханобр» : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/53997.
Full textAbstract:
The globalization of negotiation, and the emergence of new companies operating in the international market, actualize the problems of studying national styles of negotiation. The subject of the theses is the specificity of negotiating Russian companies with companies from China and Iran, which is due to the development of Russia's economic cooperation with these countries. Despite the decline in Russian foreign trade and the devaluation of the ruble, trade with Asia grows, its share in the overall foreign trade turnover of the country is rapidly increase.
The theoretical base of a research relies on works of such authors as G. Hofstede, F. Trompenaars, S. Ronen, R. Meade, E. Shane, M. Porter, F. Lyutens, E. Renan, O. Bauer, G. Le Bon, K.S. Aksakov, A.S. Homyakov, Yu.F. Samarin, B. Anderson, R. Brubeyker, I. Berlin, E. Balibar, E. Gellner, G. Kohn, E. Hobsbaum, G.D. Gachev, D.S. Likhachev, G.M. Andreyeva, O.A. Bayeva, V.L. Israelyan, E.Ya. Solovyov, R. Coen, J. Nirenberg, etc.
Research objective is to define a role and value of national style as most important factor of negotiations on the example of China and Iran. Information base of a research are 6 indexes Hofstede across China and Iran of measurements of culture, statistical data for definition of the population of the countries and a share of the agrarian population of China, data on the Uralmekhanobr company: the balance sheet for the analysis of activity of the company for 2015 and 2016 given deep interviews of staff of the company.
Main results of the theses are: classification of formal and substantial characteristics of business negotiations is given; the common and distinctive features inherent in these cultures are revealed; recommendations about behavior are made during business negotiations with partners of China and Iran; the hypothesis of the importance of cross-cultural factors for success of negotiations and financial results of activity of the company is confirmed.Глобализация переговорных процессов, появление новых компаний, действующих на международном рынке – всё это актуализирует проблематику изучения национальных стилей ведения переговоров. Предмет исследования –особенности ведения переговоров российских компаний с компаниями из Китая и Ирана, что обусловлено развитием экономического сотрудничества России с этими странами. Несмотря на спад российской внешней торговли и девальвацию рубля, торговля с Азией растет, быстро увеличивается ее доля в общем внешнеторговом обороте страны. Теоретическая база исследования опирается на работы таких авторов, как Г. Хофстеде, Ф. Тромпенаарс, С. Ронен, Р. Мид, Э. Шейн, М. Портер, Ф. Лютенс, Э. Ренан, О. Бауэр, Г. Лебон, К.С. Аксаков, А.С. Хомяков, Ю.Ф. Самарин, Б. Андерсон, Р. Брубейкер, И. Берлин, Э. Балибар, Э. Геллнер, Г. Кон, Э. Хобсбаум, Г.Д. Гачев, Д.С. Лихачев, Г.М. Андреева, О.А. Баева, В.Л. Исраэлян, Э.Я. Соловьев, Р. Коэн, Дж. Ниренберг и др. Цель исследования: определить роль и значение национального стиля как важнейшего фактора переговоров на примере Китая и Ирана. Информационной базой исследования являются 6 индексов Хофстеде по Китаю и Ирану измерений культуры, статистические данные для определения населения стран и доли аграрного населения Китая, данные по компании «Уралмеханобр»: бухгалтерский баланс для анализа деятельности компании за 2015 и 2016 гг., данные глубинных интервью сотрудников компании. Основные результаты работы: дана классификация формальных и содержа-тельных характеристик деловых переговоров; выявлены общие и отличительные черты, присущие данным культурам; составлены рекомендации по поведению во время деловых переговоров с партнерами из Китая и Ирана; подтверждена гипотеза о значимости кросс-культурных факторов для успеха переговоров и финансовых результатов деятельности компании.
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Carvalho, Andreia de Lurdes Oliveira. "Cultura e etiqueta de negócios: o caso de Portugal e da China." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/44337.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação EmpresarialA China tem-se revelado uma oportunidade para muitos empresários internacionais, mas muitas vezes as causas do insucesso são pequenos erros de compreensão ou falhas na assimilação cultural. O mesmo acontece com Portugal ou outro país no seu relacionamento com outros parceiros internacionais. Existem imensas barreiras entre povos, e quanto maior for a sua distância geográfica e linguística, maiores são as dificuldades em ultrapassar essas barreiras e lidar com as diferenças. A cultura desempenha um papel muito importante nas negociações e conversações empresariais, mas até que ponto pode a cultura influenciar o sucesso no negócio? Existem assim tantas diferenças culturais de país para país? Que preparação devem os empresários fazer antes de partir para um novo mercado como a China? Nesta dissertação pretendo esclarecer os pontos mais importantes sobre a cultura empresarial na China e em Portugal, assim como a etiqueta (reveladora da cultura) e algumas considerações linguísticas relacionadas com o mundo dos negócios entre os dois países.
中国已被证明是众多国际客商的机会，但小误解和跨文化交流的失误往往导致商务往来的失败。这同样适用于葡萄牙或任何其他国家 在国际关系上的维护。垮国家经济交往有很多障碍， 而地理距离越大，战胜这些障碍和差异越难。文化在谈判和商务洽谈 中有着非常重要的作用，但在何种程度上文化会影响成功？国际关系有这么多的文化差异吗？创业者应该在进入中国新市场之前做什么准备？这篇论文将讨论中葡企业交流中值得注意的问题，特别是一些由语言与商业文化差异而引发的问题 。
China has proven to be an opportunity for many international businessmen, but often the causes of failure are small misunderstandings or cultural assimilation. The same goes for Portugal or any other country that maintains international relations. There are plenty of barriers between countries, and the greater the geographical distance, the greater the difficulties in overcoming these barriers and dealing with differences. Culture plays a very important role in the negotiations and business talks, but to what extent can culture influence the success? Are there so many cultural differences from country to country? What preparation should entrepreneurs do before leaving for a new market like China? In this dissertation I intend thus to clarify the most important points about the business culture in China and Portugal, as well as it’s etiquette (associated with culture) and some linguistic considerations related to the business world in both countries.
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Довгополова, Ганна Геннадіївна, and Hanna Hennadiivna Dovhopolova. "Ділова етика в системі управління закладом вищої освіти як соціальною корпорацією." Master's thesis, 2020. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10055.
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В магістерській роботі обґрунтовано трактування ділової етики як елемента системи управління закладом вищої освіти; подано комплексну характеристику ділової моралі й ділового етикету як структуроутворюючих елементів ділової етики вишу; уточнено зміст поняття «ділова етика». З’ясовано, що для ефективної взаємодії в організаційному співтоваристві необхідне загальне інформаційне та ціннісно-нормативне поле, яке якраз і формується корпоративною етикою. Будучи ключовим елементом, що об’єднує людей – учасників виробничого процесу в конкретній організації – в єдиний організм (людська спільнота), корпоративна етика виступає важливим елементом управління трудовими відносинами. Визначено, що управління розвитком норм і стандартів ділової етики закладу вищої освіти, відображених у кодексі ділової етики – це управління розвитком ЗВО. Для формування і впровадження кодексу ділової етики необхідний комплекс заходів, реалізація планомірної політики.In the master's thesis the interpretation of business ethics as an element of the management system of a higher education institution is substantiated; the complex characteristic of business morality and business etiquette as structure-forming elements of business ethics of higher education is given; the meaning of the concept "business ethics" is specified. It was found that effective interaction in the organizational community requires a common information and value-normative field, which is precisely formed by corporate ethics. As a key element that unites people - participants in the production process in a particular organization - into a single organism (human community), corporate ethics is an important element of labor relations management. It is determined that the management of the development of norms and standards of business ethics of a higher education institution, reflected in the code of business ethics, is the management of the development of free economic education. For the formation and implementation of a code of business ethics requires a set of measures, the implementation of a planned policy.
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Zenkina, L. E., and Л. Е. Зенкина. "Бизнес-культура современного Китая : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/28068.
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This research explores the peculiarity of doing business in modern China. The author focuses on the country's cultural characteristics, specifics of Chinese communication and management styles, subtleties of business etiquette and negotiations as well as development of online commerce and other aspects of business dealings in China in the context of cross-cultural interaction.В работе рассматриваются особенности ведения бизнеса в современном Китае. Автор акцентирует внимание на характерных чертах культуры страны, специфике китайского стиля делового общения и менеджмента, тонкостях бизнес-этики и деловых переговоров, а также на развитии интернет-торговли и других аспектах деловой культуры Китая в контексте межкультурного взаимодействия.
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Білозуб, Ліна Вікторівна. "Формування культури спілкування студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей." Магістерська робота, 2020. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/1443.
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Білозуб Л. В. Формування культури спілкування студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 011 "Освітні, педагогічні науки" / наук. керівник І. В. Козич. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 100 с.UA: Робота викладена на 100 сторінках друкованого тексту, містить 3 таблиці. Перелік посилань включає 84 джерела. Об’єкт дослідження: процес формування культури спілкування студентів. Проблема формування культури спілкування, в широкому її розумінні, обумовлена необхідністю підвищення якості підготовки фахівців, оскільки засвоєння і застосування студентами загальнолюдських, гуманістичних, етичних цінностей і реалізація їх безпосередньо в спілкуванні сприяють не тільки особистісному і духовному розвитку молодої людини, але і соціального, професійного потенціалу фахівця. В роботі проаналізовано генезис уявлень про культуру спілкування в контексті культурно-цивілізаційного підходу, виділено і охарактеризовано структурні елементи поняття «культура спілкування», виявлені зв'язки між ними, обґрунтовано педагогічні умови формування культури спілкування студентів закладів вищої освіти, проведено дослідно-експериментальну роботу з формування культури спілкування студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей. Наукова новизна: проаналізовано генезис уявлень про культуру спілкування в контексті культурно-цивілізаційного підходу; охарактеризовано структурні елементи культури спілкування як складної системної освіти і культурного феномена; виявлено педагогічні умови реалізації процесу формування культури спілкування студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей; визначено зміст, форми і методи формування культури спілкування студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей.
EN: The work is presented on 100 pages of printed text, contains 3 tables. The list of references includes 84 sources. The object of the study: process of forming a culture of student communication. The problem of forming a culture of communication, in its broadest sense, is due to the need to improve the quality of training of specialists, because the assimilation and application of students of universal, humanistic, ethical values and their realization directly in communication contribute not only to the personal and spiritual development of the young person, but also to the social, social and professional potential specialist. The genesis of ideas about the culture of communication in the context of cultural-civilizational approach is analyzed, structural elements of the concept of "culture of communication" are identified and characterized, the relationships between them are identified, pedagogical conditions for forming the culture of communication of students of higher education institutions are conducted, experimental work is conducted formation of communication culture of students of humanities. Scientific novelty: genesis of ideas about culture of communication in the context of cultural-civilizational approach is analyzed; the structural elements of the communication culture as a complex systemic education and cultural phenomenon are characterized; pedagogical conditions of realization of process of forming of culture of communication of students of humanitarian specialties are revealed; the content, forms and methods of forming the culture of communication of students of humanitarian specialties are determined.
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Erdis, Cindy. "Investigating customer services in selected restaurants in the Tshwane area : an exploratory study." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3253.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines customer service in selected restaurants in the Tshwane area. It is aimed at establishing criteria for excellent customer service in restaurants, which can serve as the basis for building good relationships with customers. An extensive literature study was undertaken and aspects that were discussed in the secondary research include the various components of customer service, as well as the marketing environment of restaurants in South Africa and the Tshwane Area.
An empirical study was conducted to namely to investigate customer service in selected restaurants in the Tshwane Area, with the aim to establish criteria for excellent customer service as a benchmark for establishing relationships with customers, by means of an exploratory study. A self-administered survey was conducted whereby questionnaires were handed to restaurant patrons with the restaurant bill folder.
Based on the research results, criteria were developed for excellent customer service which can be used as a benchmark for establishing relationships with customers, by providing customer satisfaction, which leads to customer retention, loyalty and ultimately profitability for an organisation.Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)