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Spencer, Rochelle, Martin Brueckner, Gareth Wise, and Banduk Marika. "Australian indigenous social enterprise: measuring performance." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 397–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2015-0050.
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Purpose Using an integrated framework for performance management of nonprofit organizations, this paper aims to present an analysis of the activities of an Indigenous social enterprise in the town of Yirrkala in northeast Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia. The evaluation focuses on the social effectiveness of the organization and its ability to help generate income and employment and drive social capital creation. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is informed by data derived from “yarns” with social enterprise staff and semi-structured interviews conducted with key informants who were selected using snowball sampling. Data were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Findings The analysis reveals that the organization provides a successful community-based pathway for increasing Indigenous economic participation on local terms at a time of regional economic decline and high levels of Indigenous unemployment nationally. Practical implications The measured effectiveness of Nuwul highlights the need for targeted policy support for Indigenous enterprises and that social entrepreneurship is far more likely to be successful in a supportive government policy environment, a critical need for government-initiated policies to encourage the formation of Indigenous social enterprises that are entrepreneurial and innovative in their solutions to poverty and marginalization. Such policies should not only aid the establishment of Indigenous ventures but also facilitate their long-term growth and sustainability. Originality/value Although Indigenous entrepreneurial activities have been found to be effective in addressing Indigenous disadvantage in Australia, little is known about their community impact. The article provides original empirically grounded research on the measurement of Indigenous entrepreneurial activities and their wider community impact. The data show, against the backdrop of mixed results of government efforts to drive Indigenous economic mainstreaming, that the entrepreneurial activities analyzed in this paper are an example of more flexible and culturally appropriate pathways for achieving Indigenous equality in rural and remote regions of Australia.
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Garnett, Stephen T., and Jennifer Haydon. "Mapping Research Capacity in North-Western Tropical Australia." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 04, no. 03 (September 2005): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649205001122.
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Research capacity in two jurisdictions in tropical northwestern Australia was mapped to a searchable website. The website provides ready access to all research organisations in the region with the underlying database providing a baseline against which developments in research and research networks can be measured. Of 202 research entities entered into the database, 38 were businesses, 12 civil society organisations, five cooperative research centres, 10 government research institutes, 64 government agencies within three jurisdictions and 70 university research groups within seven universities. The data were analysed by sector to describe the size and linkages between organisations, areas of research strength and socioeconomic objectives of research. Most enterprises undertaking research in tropical Western Australia and the Northern Territory are small with the majority having fewer than 10 research staff. The primary area of expertise for research entities in tropical Western Australia and the Northern Territory is agricultural and environmental research, which is also the area where there is greatest breadth of capacity. Similarly, the socioeconomic objective of most research entities is in fields related to environmental management and social development with the breadth of capacity greatest in environmental policy frameworks. There were substantial differences between the skills and direction of research in government and the universities and those in business.
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Wijaya, Wijaya, Sri Mulyani, and Emiliana Emiliana. "IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCT STANDARDIZATION POLICY SMALL AND MEDIUM INDUSTRY (IKM) IN WOOD PROCESSING RESULTS." UNTAG Law Review 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36356/ulrev.v1i1.525.
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<p>The policy of the Minister of Trade which stipulates Ministerial Regulation No. 97 / M-DAG / PER / 12/2014 on the provisions on the export of forestry industry products implements the obligation to apply product standardization with SVLK (Timber Legality Verification System) to processed wood products from January 1, 2015. SVLK requirements for Small and Medium Enterprises (IKM), especially wood furniture and handicraft industries, are simplified in the form of self declaration as set forth in the document "Export Declaration." However, the Export Declaration Policy set by the government as an alternative for furniture business actors who do not have SVLK does not apply in European market and Australia. The results of research in Central Java Province found the furniture industry as a superior product, the number of SMEs that canceled its export contract causing the loss by stopping furniture exports even though this effort is done by the government in order to improve competitiveness.</p>
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McQuilten, Grace, Deborah Warr, Kim Humphery, and Amy Spiers. "Ambivalent entrepreneurs: arts-based social enterprise in a neoliberal world." Social Enterprise Journal 16, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-03-2019-0015.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the social turn in contemporary capitalism and contemporary art through the lens of art-based social enterprises (ASEs) that aim to create positive social benefits for young people experiencing forms of marginalisation, and which trade creative products or services to help fulfil that mission. A growth in ASEs demonstrates a growing interest in how the arts can support social and economic development, and the ways new economic models can generate employment for individuals excluded from the labour market; extend opportunities for more people to participate in art markets; and challenge dominant market models of cultural production and consumption. Design/methodology/approach This paper considers a number of challenges and complexities faced by ASEs that embrace a co-dependence of three goals, which are often in tension and competition – artistic practice, social purpose and economic activity. It does so by analysing interviews from staff working with 12 ASE organisation’s across Australia. Findings While the external forces that shape ASEs – including government policy, markets, investors and philanthropy – are interested in the “self-sufficient” economic potential of ASEs, those working in ASEs tend to prioritise social values and ethical business over large financial returns and are often ambivalent about their roles as entrepreneurs. This ambivalence is symptomatic of a position that is simultaneously critical and affirmative, of the conditions of contemporary capitalism and neoliberalism. Originality/value This paper addresses a gap in social enterprise literature presenting empirical research focussing on the lived experience of those managing and leading ASEs in Australia.
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Cockfield, Geoff, Linda Courtenay Botterill, and Simon Kelly. "A prospective evaluation of contingent loans as a means of financing wild dog exclusion fences." Rangeland Journal 40, no. 6 (2018): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18054.
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Invasive species, such as wild dogs can be considered an externality arising from the activities of pastoral enterprises, with producers having limited responsibility for the problem and limited capacity to mitigate it. There are therefore arguments for government intervention through encouraging both individual and collective control measures. Governments are however increasingly inclined to ensure recipients of support make some contribution where there are private benefits. An example of this, in Australia, is the requirement that students repay some of the cost of their tertiary education. Using the issue of wild dog exclusion fencing in south-west Queensland as a case study, this paper considers if and how a policy instrument adopted for higher education (HECS-HELP), contingent loans, could be adapted to address problems of externalities in rural Australia. Central to the issue of exclusion fences are high upfront costs and highly variable incomes that limit the ability to recoup those costs according to a predictable timeline. Considering a range of incomes and a variety of private/government shares of the cost of the fences, we examine the effects of revenue contingent loans for the construction of these fences, using model farms developed from survey data for farm businesses in south-west Queensland. We find that contingent loans could mitigate the hardship effects of additional debt and variable incomes. Businesses with smaller properties and relatively lower incomes may however struggle to pay back larger loans. Using south-west Queensland as a case study, we show how different shares of contributions change the time to pay back loans, outline how a contingent loan scheme might be administered and note some issues with integrating personal contingent loans into a collective fence arrangement.
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Murray Goot. "Labor, Government Business Enterprises and Competition Policy." Labour History, no. 98 (2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5263/labourhistory.98.1.77.
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Mirza, Yaser. "Challenges for Managing Complex Application Portfolios: A Case Study of South Australian Public Sector Agency." International Journal of Managing Information Technology 13, no. 03 (August 30, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijmit.2021.13301.
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This research explores the challenges in management and the root cause for complex application portfolios in the public sector. It takes Australian public sector organisations with the case of South Australia Police (SAPOL) for evaluation it being one of the significant and mission critical state government agencies. The exploratory research surfaces some of the key challenges using interview as primary data collection source, along with archive records, documentation, and direct observation as secondary sources. This paper reports on the information analysed surfacing eight key issues. It highlights that the organic growth of the technology portfolios, with mission criticality has resulted in many quick fixes which are not aligned with long term enterprise architectural stability. Integration of different mismatched technologies, along with the pressure from the business to always keep the lights on, does not provide the opportunity for the portfolios to be rationalised in an ongoing way. Other issues and the areas for further study are explored at the end.
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Carroll, J. L. "BACKGROUND AND REASONS FOR PROPOSED POLICY GUIDELINES FOR GOVERNMENT BUSINESS ENTERPRISES." Australian Journal of Public Administration 45, no. 4 (December 1986): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1986.tb01395.x.
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Rimmer, Malcolm. "Enterprise Bargaining, Wage Norms and Productivity." Journal of Industrial Relations 40, no. 4 (December 1998): 605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569804000406.
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Since 1991 Australia's arbitral system of wage determination has developed into a bybrid supplemented by the processes of collective and individual bargaining at the workplace level. This paper seeks to examine the development of that bybrid. First it seeks to estimate the extent to which enterprise bargaining displaced award-based wage adjustment between 1990 and 1995. Second, it looks at the prospects for the further growth of enterprise bargaining within the existing regulatory System. Third, it looks at the use of workplace productivity as a criterion in wage fixing relative to the previous norms developed under wage indexation and the Accord. Fourth, the paper looks at some arguments and evidence on the role of enterprise bargaining in inducing workplace productivity growth. The paper concludes tbat major institutional changes bave taken place since 1990 largely because of government policy. However, the role of the new institutional framework in linking pay to productivity and in inducing productivity growth remains limited and uncertain.
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GOH, MARK, and IRENE CHEW. "PUBLIC POLICY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT - SINGAPORE STYLE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, no. 01 (March 1996): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021849589600006x.
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In the recent attempt to add an external wing to its economy, Singapore has been using its various agencies and instruments to promote the growth of micro enterprises and other types of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Recognising the potential contribution by entrepreneurs to help sustain economic growth for the country, the Singapore government is now embarking on a proactive public policy to motivate new business entrepreneurship. This paper shows how the government has worked with industry to encourage entrepreneurship development. Particular attention is paid to the activities of various government agencies in relation to new business entrepreneurship and to the barriers of this activity in Singapore. The Singapore experience and programme offer useful insights for policy development and management by other countries in the region.
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Clarke, George R. G. "The effect of privatization and government policy on competition in transition economies." Corporate Ownership and Control 3, no. 4 (2006): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv3i4p2.
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Recent studies have emphasize how important role competition is for enterprise productivity in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This paper looks at the effectiveness of government policy in promoting competition in these countries. Improving enforcement of competition law and reducing barriers to trade increase competition. Firms are considerably less likely to say that they could increase prices without losing many customers when competition policy is better enforced and when tariffs are lower. In contrast, there is little evidence that privatization increases competition in of itself. State-owned enterprises face no less competition than other enterprises and the overall level of competition is no lower in countries with more state-owned enterprises. Although privatization might have other benefits, there is little evidence that it will increase competition unless governments take complementary actions such as reducing trade barriers or enforcing competition laws
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Chapman, Bruce. "The Accord: Background Changes and Aggregate Outcomes." Journal of Industrial Relations 40, no. 4 (December 1998): 624–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569804000407.
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Over the last several decades tbe role of incomes policy has been a critical issue in an understanding of Australian workplace and macroeconomic relationships. A significant institutional reform was the Prices and Incomes Accord, which began with the election of the Labor government in 1983, and ended with the change of govern ment in 1996. What follows is a discussion of the circumstances that led to the adoption of the Accord, and an analysis of some of its consequences for strikes and wages. Several themes are explored. One is that the success of incomes policies depends on economic, political and industrial relations factors. A second is that the origin and maintenance of the Accord depended on the Labor government's commitment to wage restraint, which had its intellectual underpinnings in corporatism. The Accord changed over thirteen years, and the industrial system became more directed to enterprise bargaining. While this might imply that it became increasingly difficult to have low strike and wage outcomes, the changes in industrial and economic relationships seem to be permanent. Conjectures are offered to explain this outcome.
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Rees, Ray. "THE PROPOSED POLICY GUIDELINES FOR GOVERNMENT BUSINESS ENTERPRISES: A REVIEW AND A CRITIQUE." Australian Journal of Public Administration 45, no. 4 (December 1986): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1986.tb01398.x.
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Seng, Cheaseth. "Relationships between capabilities-strategy alignment and accountability-emphasis in government business enterprises." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 1, no. 1 (July 8, 2011): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v1i1.769.
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This study introduces a new research perspective to the investigation of factors affecting management’s attention to the rendering of their organisation’s managerial and public accountabilities. It draws on management studies of the fit between organisational strategy-types and capabilities and extends this literature to a new organisational context of government-owned business enterprises (GBEs) that act as fully competitive profit-making enterprises, but are made strongly accountable to the government minister, the parliament and the public. Sets of capabilities-strategy alignments are modelled, including prospecting GBEs with technology strengths, defender GBEs with market-linking capabilities and analyser GBEs with a balance of capabilities. These sets are then assessed in terms of their consequences for the emphasis given by management to processes and systems for discharging the GBE’s accountability outcomes. Data is collected through a questionnaire to senior managers of 141 GBEs in Australia. The findings are mostly consistent with prior studies conducted in private sector companies, even though strategy-capabilities alignments are related to accountability rather than financial performance. The findings provide insights to GBEs’ management and relevant government ministers concerning the continuing need to appropriately align strategies and capabilities of GBEs and the consequences of such alignment for the rendering of accountability.
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Han, Dongping, and Peng Zhang. "Monetary policy, financing constraints and investment efficiency." Nankai Business Review International 7, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-11-2015-0027.
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Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the different impacts of monetary policy on the financing constraints of diverse enterprises from China by introducing the concepts of external and internal management factors, and on the investment efficiency of these enterprises with the help of “Hayek Triangle”. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the concept of human action, this paper builds an empirical model which is remarkably different from previous related researches and conducts an empirical test by using the chosen sample data of 312 Chinese listed private companies from 2003 to 2012. Findings – This paper shows that owing to the differences of management capacity of diverse enterprises, under the condition of the governmental micro-economic intervention in the allocation of credit funds, the loose monetary policy relieves the financing constraints confronted by the enterprises with better external management capacity, and aggravates the financing constraints confronted by the enterprises with better internal management capacity. This paper also shows that the loose monetary policy will distort the market interest rate signal, which in turn falsely directs the enterprises to divert resources from short-term to long-term investment projects. Research limitations/implications – These findings mean that under the condition of the loose monetary policy, contrasted with the private enterprises with better internal management capacity, the investment efficiency of the private enterprises with better external management capacity will be lowered because they are able to acquire more credit funds preferentially and readily. Practical implications – This paper argues that the government should strengthen the ex-post property rights protection for financial transactions, reduce the micro-economic intervention in the credit funds allocation and improve the marketization level of the financial deals. Also, the government should prudently regulate macro-economy by monetary policy. Originality/value – This paper is mainly based on the market process theory of Austrian School, and therefore initiates a totally new perspective for the research of corporate financing.
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Akbar, Skye, and Rob Hallak. "Identifying Business Practices Promoting Sustainability in Aboriginal Tourism Enterprises in Remote Australia." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 4589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174589.
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Aboriginal tourism entrepreneurs operating in remote regions of Australia draw on their 60,000 years of heritage to offer unique and distinct cultural experiences to domestic and international tourists. Living and operating in remote climates presents challenges to achieving successful and sustainable enterprises, including extreme weather, substandard infrastructure, distance from policy makers, distance from markets and the commercialisation of culture, which is customarily owned by and for use by traditional custodians, to produce and deliver a market-ready tourism product. However, many remote Aboriginal tourism entrepreneurs nevertheless achieve success and sustainability. This paper builds on the work of Foley to identify the characteristics of successful remote Aboriginal tourism enterprises and Aboriginal entrepreneurs in remote areas and the resourceful and creative business practices used by remote Aboriginal entrepreneurs to overcome barriers to success and finds that ongoing connections to community and culture are a key factor in that success. It also draws on the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals to identify how the characteristics of remote tourism entrepreneurs and enterprises promote or inhibit the achievement of sustainability and suggests that they offer a framework for effective support of remote Aboriginal entrepreneurs. It concludes by noting that the industry would benefit from further investigation of the contributions made to sustainability by remote Aboriginal tourism enterprises and their stakeholders.
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Harman, Elizabeth J. "GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA, 1983–85: LEGAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OFTHE NEW HYBRID ENTERPRISES." Australian Journal of Public Administration 45, no. 3 (September 1986): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1986.tb01537.x.
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Gurkov, I., E. Avraamova, and V. Tubalov. "Competitiveness and Innovativeness of Russian Industrial Enterprises (on the Results of a Large-scale Survey of Enterprises)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2005): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-2-40-52.
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Based on the data from a large-scale survey of enterprises a typology of companies strategic positioning has been built and the factors that affect sustainability of the strategic position have been determined. We have found that the superior strategic position (measured as a positive relationship between quality and unit costs of a firm) is based on intensive innovations and active transformation of the business environment of the firm. However, companies of all selected strategic types viewed the government economic policy as the factor that impedes their own development. The suggestions for improving the government industrial policy are formulated.
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SCHAPER, MICHAEL T. "CREATING INDEPENDENT ADVOCATES FOR ENTREPRENEURS WITHIN GOVERNMENT: SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE SMALL BUSINESS COMMISSIONER MODEL." Journal of Enterprising Culture 16, no. 03 (September 2008): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495808000132.
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This paper provides a critical overview of a recent attempt to create an independent statutory "voice" for small enterprises within the formal government bureaucracy in one Australian jurisdiction. It discusses the creation and eighteen months of activity of the Small Business Commissioner of the Australian Capital Territory. In 2003 the ACT government foreshadowed that, as part of its strategy to create the most small-business-friendly location in Australia, it would establish a Small Business Commissioner as a statutory appointment. The Legislative Assembly passed the Small Business Commissioner Act in 2004 and activity began in March 2005. The key activities of the Commissioner have been to examine small business complaints about ACT government agencies; to promote the use of mediation and/or other alternative dispute resolution tools for the settlement of disputes between small enterprises and other businesses; to provide independent advice to the Territory government about laws, regulations and policies that may affect small firms; to oversee the introduction of small business service charters within government agencies; and to establish a more "business friendly" service culture within ACT government agencies. On one hand, it is clear that a Commissioner role has a potentially significant strategic importance for small and medium-sized enterprises, principally through the provision of independent commentary, pushing for red tape and regulatory reduction, and by providing mediation services and investigative functions. However, there are also some current problems with the role. These include potential overlap with other regulatory and investigative bodies; lack of formal compulsive powers; its dependence on political support for its effectiveness; insufficient resources; and the nature of the relationship it has with other government entities.
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Wei, Jiuchang, and Yang Liu. "Government support and firm innovation performance." Chinese Management Studies 9, no. 1 (April 7, 2015): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-01-2015-0018.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effect of government support on the innovation performance of firms in the Chinese context. Design/methodology/approach – We divided government support into vertical support and horizontal support, and adopted an empirical research approach in this study. We collected the data of 343 enterprises in China that had been identified as innovative enterprises, including their characteristic data, government support data and patent data. Negative binomial regression was used to quantitatively examine the relationship between government support and the innovation performance of firms. Findings – Both vertical support in the form of direct research and development (R&D) subsidies and horizontal support in the form of regional innovation policy positively influence the innovation performance of firms. In addition, direct R&D subsidies are more likely to experience the enhanced benefits of carrying out tax credit policy on the innovation performance of firms. Originality/value – This study contributed to the innovation literature by distinguishing two types of government support, namely, vertical support and horizontal support, and assessing the effects of government support on firm innovation in the Chinese context.
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Tomasic, Roman, and Jenny Jian Rong Fu. "Government-owned companies and corporate governance in Australia and China: beyond fragmented governance." Corporate Ownership and Control 3, no. 4 (2006): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv3i4p10.
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The ownership and control of government owned companies presents a major challenge for the integrity of established corporate law ideas regarding accountability of directors and the independence of government owned companies. Drawing upon experience from China and Australia, the article discusses some of the key corporate governance tensions that have emerged from the corporatization of state owned assets. The attempt to uncritically apply private sector ideas to the corporatisation of state-owned and controlled companies is fraught with difficulties that are discussed in this article. The article also examines attempts to place state owned companies on a sounder conceptual footing through changes to their culture brought about by adopting and embedding guidelines and standards, such as the recent OECD Guidelines on the Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises
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Sutikno, Chamid, Slamet Rosyadi, and Denok Kurniasih. "KINERJA IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA BERSAMA DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS." Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36762/litbangjateng.v16i1.752.
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This research was motivated by the existence of a policy regarding the establishment of village-owned enterprises regulated in the Banyumas District Regulation No. 6 of 2016 concerning the Establishment and Implementation of Village-Owned Enterprises. However, the policy cannot run optimally where many villages do not have village-owned enterprises. So that one of the efforts made by the government is to establish a joint village-owned business entity (BUMADes). The purpose of this study aims to analyze and learn how the program implementation of joint village-owned enterprises in Banyumas Regency. To achieve the research aims, the research method used in this study was a qualitative method. This study found that the performance of the implementation of joint village-owned enterprises in Banyumas Regency, in general, has not run optimally. This is indicated by two aspects. First, the community and the government have not fully understood the implementation of joint village-owned enterprises. Second, similarities in the vision and mission of the two parties are more directed towards empowerment efforts so that the BUMADes implementation of the joint village-owned business enterprises program has not yet become a profit-oriented business unit (commercial institution). In fact, it is more directed at social units that has the aim for community empowerment (social institutions).
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Xu, Deyou. "Social Policy Transformation and Business Environment Improvement: a Comparative Analysis Based on China and Russia." Administrative Consulting, no. 7 (September 9, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2020-7-83-98.
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Over the past four decades, the economy and society of China and Russia have undergone transformation. Relevant social policies and business environments have constantly changed. So have the ways of interaction among governments, enterprises and citizens. In the relationship between government and citizen, China and Russia have walked different paths in choosing and adjusting social policies, but both have steadily improved people’s well-being. In the relationship between government and business, both countries have achieved significant improvements in business environment through supply-side reforms of public goods and institutions. The theoretical relationship between government and citizen and that between government and business are embodied in social policy and business environment in reality. However, the two are not parallel, but interact with each other and are nested in each other. The government plays a leading role, and its interaction with enterprise and citizen tests the governance systems and capabilities of Beijing and Moscow.
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Gorman, Julian T., Melissa Bentivoglio, Chris Brady, Penelope Wurm, Sivaram Vemuri, and Yasmina Sultanbawa. "Complexities in developing Australian Aboriginal enterprises based on natural resources." Rangeland Journal 42, no. 2 (2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj20010.
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Across the world’s rangelands, livelihoods of millions of people are dependent on customary and commercial use of wildlife. Many Australian Aboriginal communities also aspire towards developing natural resource-based enterprises but there is a unique combination of historical, legislative and cultural factors that make this process complex. Typically, government support for Indigenous enterprise development has focussed largely on development of ‘social enterprise’, with subsidies coming from various government community development programs. This has resulted in some increase in participation and employment, but often inadequate attention to economic aspects of enterprise development leading to low levels of business success. This paper will examine historical, legislative and institutional dimensions in business development in Aboriginal communities. It does this through a case study of business enterprise development of the Kakadu Plum products by the Indigenous people of the Thamarrurr Region of the Northern Territory, Australia, using a participant observation research method. We found that attention on important economic criteria was subsumed by a focus on social enterprise priorities during the development of this natural resource-based enterprise. This resulted in a very slow transition of the ‘social enterprise’ to the ‘financial enterprise’, due largely to fragmented business decisions and inefficient value chains. We call for a refocus of natural resource-based enterprise development programs in remote Australian Aboriginal townships to incorporate greater emphasis on business acumen within the complex social, cultural and political fabric.
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Kislitsyn, D. "Government Support Policy of the russian Enterprises During the 2008—2009 Crisis: Criteria of Treating the Companies as “Strategic”." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2013): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-6-84-99.
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Support of individual enterprises was an important part of anti-crisis policy of Russian government during 2008—2009. The officially declared goal of this support was maintaining sustainability of “systemically important”, or strategic enterprises. Using regression analysis, the author seeks to determine the extent to which inclusion in the The List of strategic organizations approved by the Government Commission on sustainable development of the Russian economy in December 2008 was defined by the social significance of the company or by its affiliation with one of the 16 largest Russian business groups.
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Kostka, Genia, and Jianghua Zhou. "Government-business alliances in state capitalist economies: evidence from low-income markets in China." Business and Politics 15, no. 2 (August 2013): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap-2012-0043.
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Based on three in-depth case studies, the study analyzes how and why Chinese enterprises partner with governments in cooperative ventures which aim to simultaneously achieve poverty alleviation objectives and establish profitable business ventures in rural areas. The analysis draws out specific characteristics of three government-business partnerships in China, which vary in terms of governance structure, resource complementarity and incentives. The findings show that in this state capitalist system, outcomes of government-business partnerships depend on firms having unique resources and capabilities that serve particular policy objectives of the government. By the same token, in order to make partnerships attractive to firms, national and local governments must hold the keys to unique resources needed by enterprises looking to do business in low-income markets. The cases further illustrate that, in order to build and maintain successful government-business partnerships over time, the alignment of incentives plays an important role. In sum, complementary resources and well-aligned interests between firms and governments help to explain why some government-enterprise partnerships are more successful than others.
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Bhinekawati, Risa. "Government Initiatives to Empower Small and Medium Enterprise: Comparing One Stop Shop for Licensing in Indonesia and Australia." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 4, no. 1 (August 9, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v4i1.964.
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This article analyzes the initiatives taken by both Indonesian and Australian governments in undertaking bureaucratic reform to support small and medium enterprises. The focus is on how government harmonizes bureaucracy and regulations to empower small medium enterprise in starting, operating, and growing their business. One of the key initiatives in the two countries is to streamline business regulations and licensing through a single portal so called “one stop shop for licensing”. Both Indonesia and Australia have started such initiatives almost at the same time, in 2006 and 2008 respectively. Until recently, the two countries have made important progresses but with different approaches. In Indonesia, the objective of the one stop shop is to provide easiness for companies to start the business; while in Australia, the purpose is broader and more comprehensive, which is to achieve “seamless Australian economy”. This study was conducted in Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia. The research has found important key lessons from Australia that may be applicable to Indonesia in establishing mechanisms for government initiatives to better support small and medium enterprise through a single portal or one stop shop for licensing.
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Hernita, Hernita, Batara Surya, Iwan Perwira, Herminawaty Abubakar, and Muhammad Idris. "Economic Business Sustainability and Strengthening Human Resource Capacity Based on Increasing the Productivity of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Makassar City, Indonesia." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 14, 2021): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063177.
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The dynamics of urban development coupled with economic growth have contributed positively to the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Optimizing the utilization and strengthening of the capacity of SMEs’ human resources will encourage increased productivity of economic enterprises and the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to analyze (1) strengthening the capacity of human resources (HR) of small and medium enterprises to work as a determinant of increasing the productivity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and labor absorption; (2) the effect of strengthening the capacity of human resources (HR), business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs); and (3) optimizing the role of government in supporting business development, increasing productivity, business stability and sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study uses a sequential explanatory design approach. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. Qualitative analysis in this study was carried out through a process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while the quantitative analysis in this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis, correlation, and multiple regression. The results showed that strengthening the capacity of human resources, coupled with the use of technology, and followed by diversification of business, had a positive contribution to increasing the productivity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, strengthening human resource capacity, business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification simultaneously have a positive and significant correlation to the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with a determination coefficient of 72.3%. This study recommends that government policy support through strengthening human resource capacity, increasing business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification have an impact on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Makassar City, Indonesia.
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Barton, Tina. "Small Business and Social Enterprise: To Thrive Not Fail." Papers in Canadian Economic Development 18 (April 11, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v18i0.91.
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<p>Small businesses (those with up to 99 employees) are the most common business type in Canada – comprising 97.9 per cent of businesses, and contributing close to one-third of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP). Yet a significant number of these businesses fail, with only about 50 per cent lasting at least five years, according to Industry Canada. Social enterprises – businesses that provide valuable products or services while delivering social and sometime environmental returns – struggle even more than small businesses to attract finance, grow, and sustain. What are the similarities and differences between these two groups’ needs, and how can Canada’s three levels of government and the broader business ecosystem better support small businesses and social enterprises to thrive? This paper takes a comprehensive look at key business needs, barriers to success, enabling factors, and policy incentives, drawing upon academic literature, studies and reports from the government, non-profit, and social enterprise sectors, as well as recommendations from business advocacy groups primarily from Canada and the United States. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Small business, social enterprise, business financing, business growth, business ecosystem, procurement policy</p>
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Kabir, Humayun. "Privatization of public enterprises in Swaziland." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 2 (2013): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i2art3.
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Due to unemployment growth in the country, the nation is deeply concerned over the privatization program for public enterprises that took place in Swaziland recently. With this respect, this paper aims to provide an account of privatization policy and examine employees’ perception about the implementation of such policy in Swaziland. The study reveals that the privatization program in Swaziland has not been developed in isolation as a cure for all the economic problems in itself, but it forms part of the broader monetary, fiscal and social policies. Findings of the study also indicate that level of employees’ perception is low towards the implementation of privatization program in Swaziland. However, this research leads to the conclusion that privatization of public enterprises can be good for the economy of developing countries particularly Sub-Saharan African countries including Swaziland since most of public enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa make losses which are financed by government, thus creating huge deficits.
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Quoc Trung, Trinh, and Nguyen Van Tan. "Tax incentive policy and firm performance: evidence from Vietnam." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(2).2020.22.
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This paper aims to assess the impact of the tax incentive policy on firm performance after privatization in Vietnam. Using research data of 260 privatized enterprises in Vietnam, this study sheds light on whether tax incentive policies can help improve firm performance after privatization. The paper utilizes a pre-post comparison approach proposed by Megginson, Nash, and Van Randenborgh (1994). The research results reveal that privatized enterprises with tax incentives have improved profitability (ROA, ROE, ROS) and operating efficiency (NIEFF) and reduced leverage after privatization. A statistical reduction in the number of employed and an improvement in output (real income) after privatization are not observed. Besides, there is no statistical evidence proving that privatized enterprises have experienced significant changes in standard deviations of firm performance measures after privatization in Vietnam. Given significant improvements in the profitability of post-privatized enterprises with tax incentives, the authors propose some managerial implications for the Vietnamese government, investors and non-privatized state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
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Perez-Aleman, Paola. "A Learning-Centered View of Business Associations: Building Business-Government Relations for Development." Business and Politics 5, no. 2 (August 2003): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1054.
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The problems of rent seeking and state captured by business associations have been prominent among the concerns of economic development theory. This paper argues that firms and the state can make possible the building of new institutions that foster improvements in economic performance through arrangements that emphasize goal setting, problem solving, and continual evaluation of progress toward defined goals. The paper reviews key ideas on the learning-centered approach and builds on them to analyze the kinds of government–business relations that contribute to economic development. It uses case study material based on Chile's agro-industry business association FEPACH. It illustrates how innovative state policy coupled with private firms' efforts led to the discovery of group-based coordination that fostered rapid diffusion of new technology and production organization among Chilean enterprises. This work discusses the institutional reshaping of the business association and business–state relations to encourage learning and advance a process of development.
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Schofield-Georgeson, Eugene, and Michael Rawling. "Industrial legislation in Australia in 2019." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185620911682.
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In this 2019 electoral year, a federal Morrison Liberal Government was returned to power with little in the way of an industrial agenda. It failed to implement its key legislation, which mainly included reform to union governance and changes to religious freedom in the workplace. Meanwhile, the state governments, particularly the Victorian Andrews Labor Government, reviewed a swathe of labour law, including wage theft, industrial manslaughter, owner–driver legislation and workers' compensation laws and implemented a host of progressive changes. This year has also seen the continuation of a key policy trend, observable at both state and federal levels of government, towards regulation of aspects of industrial relations by the state that were once exclusively the province of employers and trade unions through a twentieth-century system of conciliation and arbitration.
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Mainali, Kiran. "Monetary Policy Peri- Post Covid-19 and rise of enterprises in Nepal." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Economic Issues 4, no. 1 (July 16, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/ijeei.v4i1.33.
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The paper analyzes the way distressed enterprises of Nepal can be kept afloat or conserved against upheaval through major amendments in the monetary policy. The narrowed business groups can be revitalized if the government would immediately impose certain leverages on monetary policies and increase the inflow of capital to make it accessible to the needy entrepreneurs. There prevail high chances for re-emergence of companies post Covid accommodating repatriated people for employment with an effective draft of the monetary plans.
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Kuźmicki, Marek. "Institutional and Systemic Determinants of the Development of Business Entities in the Market of Accommodation and Catering Services." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29316/ers-seir.2018.08.
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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this article is to determine the influence of the institutional and systemic environment on the development of enterprises providing accommodation and catering services in Lublin province. Materials and Methods: The direct questionnaire and computer-assisted method of data collection CAWI were used to carry out research. Results: The research conducted in 2007 and 2013 shows that there was a positive change in the institutional and systemic environment, with improved access to capital and EU aid programs, along with government policy, local government policy and promotion, as well as tourism and business development organizations. Conclusions: Entrepreneurs expect greater involvement of the state in activities that encourage the increase of the competitiveness of enterprises. The issue of simplifying the tax system and reducing the existing taxes is particularly important.
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Onyx, Jenny, Liz Cham, and Bronwen Dalton. "Current Trends in Australian Nonprofit Policy." Nonprofit Policy Forum 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npf-2015-0023.
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AbstractThere has been a large growth in nonprofits in Australia over the past 30 years. This paper will chart some of the key current policy trends that have helped shape the sector. The huge investment in the nonprofit sector by government, particularly since the mid 1990s coincided with a strong ideological shift to a neoliberal economic agenda. There was a concerted effort to bring nonprofits under the control of government policy. This has lead to greater competition among nonprofits, the growth of large charities at the expense of small local organisations, and a greater emphasis on adopting business models. Those nonprofit organisations that provide a community development role have been particularly under threat. However while much of the nonprofit world in Australia is increasingly driven by neoliberal, business oriented demands, another alternative phenomenon is emerging, particularly among young people and largely out of the gaze of public scrutiny. As fast as the state finds a way of controlling the productive energy of the nonprofit sector, the sector itself finds a way of curtailing that control, or of creating new ways of operating that go beyond existing structures and rules of operating.
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McAdam, Rodney, Barry Quinn, Lynsey McKitterick, Adele Dunn, and David Patterson. "Development of an Integrated Policy and Support Programme for Micro Rural Food Enterprises in an EU Peripheral Region." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 16, no. 2 (May 2015): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2015.0184.
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This case study explores how a peripheral rural region food support programme for small (micro) food enterprises was developed based on regional government food policy. An exploratory case study methodology is employed. The findings show that integration of policy and practice at a regional level should be reflected in the design and implementation of micro food business support programmes. This integration is essential to enable micro businesses to benefit from government aid in a collective manner which could not be achieved in government–micro-enterprise dyadic relationships.
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Phillips, Mary. "Growing Pains: The Sustainability of Social Enterprises." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 7, no. 4 (November 2006): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000006779111648.
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This paper establishes the growing perception of the importance of the social enterprise sector in the UK, and notes that it is currently government policy to encourage growth. However, social enterprises, in common with many small businesses, find growth difficult, and this could impact negatively on their sustainability. The author goes on to explore the reasons for that difficulty, and concludes by suggesting how best to support social enterprise. It is suggested that orthodox growth stimulated by further marketization of this sector could be to its detriment. The paper aims to contribute to knowledge of the social enterprise sector and to the evidence base required by the policy-making community.
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Bakhru, Kanupriya Misra, Manas Behera, and Alka Sharma. "Entrepreneurial communities and family enterprises of India." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-01-2017-0003.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the traditional business communities and family businesses of India, their emergence and sustained growth. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyze the role of business communities in family businesses of India and identify business communities that have still sustained and marked a global presence. Findings Business communities such as Marwaris have the knack for business activities and are leaders of family businesses in India today, who have sustained their past success and continue to create new histories. Other traditional business communities such as Parsis, Sindhis, Chettiars and Gujarati banias have not been able to sustain much. Possible reasons were switching to white-collar jobs, taking up diplomacy and other professions, inter caste marriages, international migration in search of business and Indian government policies. Research limitations/implications This study provides a useful source of information for academics, policy-makers and economists. Practical implications Traditional business communities populate the list of family businesses that have marked their global presence. This paper identifies various factors that are responsible for the growth and sustainability of these business communities. Social implications The study clarifies the role of business communities in domestic economic development. Originality/value The paper explored traditional business communities of India and assessed their role in family businesses of India that currently mark a global presence.
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Abbott, Malcolm, Jo Barraket, Erin I.-Ping Castellas, Kiros Hiruy, Roksolana Suchowerska, and Libby Ward-Christie. "Evaluating the labour productivity of social enterprises in comparison to SMEs in Australia." Social Enterprise Journal 15, no. 2 (May 24, 2019): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-09-2018-0064.
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Purpose The social economy – including not-for-profits, cooperatives, mutual organisations and social enterprises – is playing a stronger role than ever in the delivery of public policy. Yet, these organisations are often anecdotally viewed as relatively inefficient providers. The purpose of this paper is to compare the profitability and labour productivity of social enterprises in the State of Victoria in Australia with that of small- and medium-sized business enterprises (SMEs) in the same state. This paper found that, although social enterprises generally generated smaller profits and, therefore, could be less profitable, their relative level of labour productivity (value added and income to labour employed) was comparable or higher than that of SMEs. This paper responds to the need for comparative insights about social enterprise performance and considers the implications of these findings for new public governance. Design/methodology/approach The social economy – including not-for-profits, cooperatives, mutual organisations and social enterprises – is playing a stronger role than ever in the delivery of public policy. Yet these organisations are often anecdotally viewed as relatively inefficient providers. Findings This paper found that, although social enterprises generally generated smaller profits and, therefore, could be less profitable, their relative level of labour productivity (value added and income to labour employed) was comparable or higher than that of SMEs. This paper responds to the need for comparative insights about social enterprise performance and considers the implications of these findings for new public governance. Originality/value This is the first work that has been done of this sort that has looked specifically at Australia circumstances.
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Harding, Sandra, and Ryl Harrison. "Changing Times, Changing Universities." International Journal of Chinese Education 4, no. 1 (August 19, 2015): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340042.
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Universities worldwide are being challenged to be more focused, efficient and effective to meet the demands of a globally situated, technologically enabled, higher education market place. Governments are increasingly applying the rhetoric of markets to higher education public policy as they seek to enhance research and higher education as essential platforms for a knowledge economy. For their part, universities are engaging a business enterprise focus to ensure survival in the context of resource scarcity and frequent change in their operating environment. The key challenge for universities is to retain their academic integrity and their institutional, other-regarding, nature, including their accountability to the community, while maintaining their financial sustainability. To do this, those charged with leadership, governance and management of universities must negotiate inherent tensions within universities while operating in a dynamic environment. This paper draws on the experience of James Cook University in Australia to explore these inherent tensions and identifies the value of institutional distinctiveness and clarity of institutional vision in meeting the demands of change.
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Fan, Qiuyan. "The Impact of Australia’s Government Policy on Broadband Internet Access." Journal of Information Technology Research 6, no. 4 (October 2013): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2013100102.
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The Australian government has recognised the importance of broadband for their social and economic development. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of policy issues on broadband Internet access in Australia. This research has clearly indicated that the state of broadband Internet access is closely related to the Government’s policy and regulatory framework. The Government based its actions on market forces as a principal driver for broadband Internet connectivity. The research has indicated that the previous regulatory competition regime, by and large, has failed to address concerns of market dominance and market power in the Telecommunications sector as is evidenced by a relatively lower speed and value of broadband services in Australia. To rectify the situation, the Australian government has recently adopted a unique National Broadband Network (NBN) plan, which is linked to the national digital economy strategy. Australia is the first country in the world where a national broadband network infrastructure company, NBN Co, is regarded as a regulated national infrastructure provider rather than as a telecommunication company. The NBN Co builds and operates an open access, wholesale only and non-discrimination high-speed broadband network, the National Broadband Network (NBN). The Australian Government's goal for the NBN is to reform the telecommunications sector and ensure every home and business across the country has access to the NBN by 2020. This paper examines the policies underlying the NBN and discusses current practices and potential benefits of the NBN.
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Sudapet, Nyoman, Agus Sukoco, Muhammad Ikhsan Setiawan, Paisal Halim, Syamsiah Badruddin, Tuswoyo ., Ahmad Hidayat, Darmawan Napitupulu, Dahlan Abdullah, and A. Saleh A. "Small and Medium Enterprises, Central Business District (CBD) for Accelerating of Regional Development." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.6 (July 4, 2018): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.17485.
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Madura is small island, East Java Province, Indonesia, with the Surabaya - Madura (Suramadu) Bridge 5.7 km length. It is the largest bridges In Indonesia, connected 2 (two) island, Java and Madura. In Suramadu area will be build landed house and apartments, residential, central of business, central of tourism. In Suramadu area, especially in Surabaya side will be built by some interesting landed house and apartments, residential, central of business, central of tourism, combining with recreation area. The Government seeks to attract the private sector to cooperate in the development and investment in landed house and apartments, residential, central of business, central of tourism, through the approach of government and private cooperation. Law number 22/1999 and Law number 34/2004 on regional autonomy have improved the performance of local governments, in particular through the policy of increasing local revenues through cooperation with private parties. Investment must be injected in Suramadu area by investors is IDR 18,410,577,670,000.00, it would be very interesting.
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Macneil, Johanna, Mark Bray, and Leslee Spiess. "Unions and collective bargaining in Australia in 2019." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 3 (April 21, 2020): 380–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185620908907.
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Early in 2019, in anticipation of a change in Federal government, the fate of unions and collective bargaining in Australia appeared likely to take a new direction. However, the re-election in May of the Morrison-led Coalition government changed all this. This article reviews the year in three main sections, focusing respectively on unions and union strategy; collective bargaining and collective agreements; and public policy, unions and collective bargaining. Despite some interesting twists, the overall themes are more of the same – the continuation of political partisanship towards unions and collective bargaining, and the reinforcement of adversarialism in the workplace.
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CAO, Yonghui, and He JIANG. "Analysis of problems and policy suggestions in the construction of business environment in China." E3S Web of Conferences 214 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021403009.
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Building a good business environment is of positive significance for the healthy growth of enterprises and the high-quality development of China’s economy. China has achieved positive results in recent years, but there are still problems in some aspects, which has become an obstacle to the further development of China’s economy. Therefore, based on the actual situation of our state-owned business environment, this paper focuses on the core problems, analyzes the causes and puts forward relevant policy recommendations. This paper mainly analyzes the construction of government environment, business law environment and the internationalization of business environment, so as to provide reference and reference for the high quality of China’s economy.
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Putra, Gratianus Prikasetya, and Panji Satria Gumay. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 10TH ECONOMIC POLICY PACKAGE RELATED SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES ESTABLISHMENT IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 27, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jep.27.2.2019.47-59.
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Small Medium Enterprises company is one of the most popular business entities today. The popularity is cannot be separated from the spirit of entrepreneurship with young creative mindset that become mainstream in daily life. In relevancy with that, The Government of Republic Indonesia enacted Government Regulation No 29 Year 2016 to simplify the establishment process of Small Medium Enterprises legal entity. In practice area, the enactment of that regulation cannot be implemented well because there are some miss connections in regulations structure of Indonesia. In order to solve the problem, this research uses the normative research methodology that possible to answer by describing and explaining the facts with the applied regulation. The theory of limited liability company based on Indonesian Law such as Law No 40 Year 2007 was also applied in this research as a tool to analyse and solve the problem related that issue.
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Razumovskaia, Elena, Larisa Yuzvovich, Elena Kniazeva, Mikhail Klimenko, and Valeriy Shelyakin. "The Effectiveness of Russian Government Policy to Support SMEs in the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040160.
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This study was aimed at developing a cognitive—econometric model for assessing the effectiveness of the current governmental policies to support enterprises in Russia in the context of pandemic propagation. Using the Granger test and correlation analysis, we formed a system of key indicators that characterizes the economic development of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) in Russia. Based on the revealed causal relationships and correlation coefficients, a model describing the impact of public policy support instruments on SME economic development was built using cognitive modeling. By means of the additive convolution method, the correlation coefficient between the Russia Small Business Index (RSBI) and the COVID-19 prevalence rate was used to predict the 2020 year-end RSBI value. Regarding the RSBI index forecast, the effectiveness of instruments of the state support for SMEs was evaluated. It was determined how much these indicators of the anti-crisis package of measures should change to increase SMEs’ business activities. The developed cognitive model can be utilized by private and governmental institutions to continuously monitor the effectiveness of public policies that support SMEs. It can also be used as a preventive indicator to evaluate the impact of the anti-crisis measures during pandemics and in the case of other exogenous risks threatening SMEs. The originality of the research results was determined by the econometric methods applied to empirically assess the effectiveness and degree of impact of governmental measures on the operation of SMEs under conditions of uncertainty.
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Bennett, R. J. "Business Associations: Their Potential Contribution to Government Policy and the Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 17, no. 5 (October 1999): 593–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c170593.
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Muhammad, Muhammad, Hadi Iskandar, Rasyidin Rasyidin, Juni Ahyar, and Rudi Kurniawan. "Village (Gampong) Owned Enterprises with Local Wisdom Between Opportunities and Threats in The Area Of COVID-19 Pandemic (Research at The Government Environment of Lhokseumawe City)." Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik 4, no. 2 (February 27, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jmpp.v4i2.31650.
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Before the emergence of Covid-19 which developed throughout the world, the Indonesian Central Government had issued Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, which is a policy that regulates the level of Village administration. However, in this law there is no allocation of development funds and village empowerment which is the basis of the community at the level of village government administration (Gampong). Funds sourced from APBN, APBD Province or Regency, hope to support the progress of the village to become an independent village capable of organizing and managing. The allocation of village funds in the form of a Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBG) is directed to finance government activities, development and community empowerment. For this reason, the Government has issued a special policy to handle Covid-19 by allocating Village Funds to address problems arising from the Covid-19 pandemic. Especially for the economic sector through the formation of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMG) which is a business driver to improve the quality of life and realize the welfare of rural communities. With a descriptive qualitative approach using three methods, namely observation, interviews and documentation analysis. This study aims to determine business potential with local wisdom through a SWOT analysis with a focus on Village-Owned Enterprises. Based on the SWOT analysis, in the end, Village-Owned Enterprises will facilitate activities in realizing plans in accordance with local wisdom for the welfare of the community, especially in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Rodionova, Yuliya D., and Andrey A. Yakovlev. "Which Manufacturing Enterprises Have Received Advantages in Access to Government Orders After the Crisis of 2014–2015?" Journal of Institutional Studies 13, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 095–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.1.095-114.
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This paper, based on two surveys of manufacturing enterprises in 2014 and 2018, analyzed the characteristics of enterprises receiving public orders, as well as the dynamics of changes in access to public procurement after tightening external conditions for the Russian economy against the backdrop of international sanctions and the 2014–2015 crisis. The analysis showed that in 2016–2017 in the manufacturing industry, almost half (45%) of large and a third of medium-sized firms had public contracts. However, among the small firms that took part in the survey, only 22% received public contracts, despite the declared policy of supporting small businesses. In contrast to 2013, in the post-crisis period there were no significant differences in access to public procurement for enterprises with and without state participatio n. Along with this, the state began to impose more requirements on the disclosure of information on the structure of ownership by enterprises. Membership in business associations gave advantages in access to public procurement for medium and large enterprises, but this effect was absent for small firms. In general, against the background of international sanctions and the crisis of 2014–2015 for all types of enterprises in the post-crisis period, the scheme of complementarity of direct and indirect instruments of state support has been preserved, and for small enterprises, the manifestations of the "model of exchanges" between government and business have become more significant, thus small enterprises providing assistance to the regional and local authorities in the social development of the region, more often received public orders.