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Journal articles on the topic 'Business education – Norway'
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Opstad, Leiv. "Success in business studies and mathematical background: the case of Norway." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 10, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-11-2017-0136.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the type of mathematics skills developed at secondary school an effect on students’ later success in business studies. At many business schools in Norway, more students are applying than there are places available. The ranking of applications depends on the grade point average (GPA) level, irrespective of the level or type of mathematics studied at secondary school, where the students are free to choose practically orientated or theoretical mathematics. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative analysis (regression model) was applied using data for undergraduate students enrolled in business studies over a three–year period (2012–2014). Findings Students with a non-theoretical background in mathematics obtain systematically lower grades on many courses, especially in core business school subjects. Ranking applicants to business studies courses based on their GPA scores irrespective of their level of mathematics may lead to the admission of less able students. Research limitations/implications There is little information available concerning why students choose different paths in mathematics at upper secondary school, but the decision students make has an influence on their grades in business courses. Originality/value By requiring more knowledge of theoretical mathematics, students’ performance at business school will improve. Changing the admission criteria could improve the quality of graduates and reduce the dropout rate.
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Nordhaug, Odd, Paul Gooderham, Xian Zhang, Yali Liu, and Gunn Elisabeth Birkelund. "Elite Female Business Students in China and Norway: Job‐Related Values and Preferences." Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 54, no. 2 (March 29, 2010): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313831003637865.
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Larsen, Eirinn. "The masculine foundation of business education: France and Norway in comparison (1870s-1940s)." Entreprises et histoire 65, no. 4 (2011): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eh.065.0024.
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Klitkou, Antje, and Aris Kaloudis. "Scientific versus economic specialisation of business R&D – the case of Norway." Research Evaluation 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/095820207x259308.
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Heuer, Annamária, and Lars Kolvereid. "Education in entrepreneurship and the Theory of Planned Behaviour." European Journal of Training and Development 38, no. 6 (July 1, 2014): 506–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-02-2013-0019.
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Purpose – The purpose of the present empirical study is to investigate the relationship between education in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behaviour and compare the effectiveness of frequently used entrepreneurship education teaching approaches. Design/methodology/approach – Hypotheses are derived from the “Theory of Planned Behaviour” (“TPB”), which suggests that education in entrepreneurship is positively related to attitude (“A”), subjective norm (“SN”) and perceived behavioural control (“PBC”); that the effect on A, SN and PBC is stronger for extensive courses in entrepreneurship than for more superficial forms of educational efforts; and that education only influences entrepreneurial intentions indirectly through the effect on A, SN and PBC. The hypotheses are tested using data from two different surveys, one from Belgium and one from Norway. Findings – None of the hypotheses are supported. However, the findings from the study indicate a strong direct relationship between participation in extensive education programmes in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Research limitations/implications – Additional empirical evidence would be required to confirm these results and help to improve our understanding of the validity bounds of the TPB in the field of entrepreneurship. Practical implications – The findings indicate that educational programs or events of limited duration have a rather limited usefulness and that efforts should rather be directed on programs of longer duration. This would, for instance, speak for a re-orientation of some policies like those financing short seminars on venture creation for unemployed people. Originality/value – Using data from two different surveys, one from Belgium and one from Norway, this study raises questions about the sufficiency of the TPB.
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Opstad, Leiv. "DIFFERENT VIEWS ABOUT JOB OPPORTUNITIES AMONG BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS STUDENTS DEPENDING ON PERSONALITY TRAITS." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejss.2021.09.01.001.
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Many students attend business and economics studies in Norway. Several skilled students with engineering background choose specialization in economics and business administration. This education provides many opportunities. The aim of this paper is to learn more about what these students emphasize in choice of jobs and career opportunities. This article provides support for the assumption that gender and personality traits (the Big Five) are linked to salary and career opportunities for business and economics students. Personal characteristics matter in students’ consideration of career possibilities, future wages, entrepreneurship, and contributions to society. Financial rewards are positively connected to the personality trait conscientiousness and negatively to agreeableness. Individuals with high score in the agreeableness want to help others. The trait openness is a good predictor for starting own business. There is still a gender gap. Women are not as concerned with high wages as men. Instead, the female students want to contribute more to society. The suggestions appear from a quasi-experiment involving 119 undergraduates from a university in Norway by asking them about their preferences and attitudes. The selected methods are factor analysis and linear regression modeling. The findings provide useful knowledge and information in the design and development of various study topics.
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Opstad, Leiv. "Is there a Trade-Off between Financial Rewards and Other Job Benefits? Different Career Pathways for two Groups of Management Students." International Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (September 20, 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52950/ss.2021.10.2.002.
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The unemployment rate in Norway is low. More than 30 per cent work in the public sector and there is a shortage of labour, especially in the health and education sectors. This article seeks to find out more about why some choose to study within health and education and pursue a career there while others put finances or business education as their priority. Which factors influence this choice? Students’ responses to questionnaires reveal that there are some significant differences. The results indicate a trade-off between high salaries and other job benefits. Compared to business and economics students, financial rewards count for less for those selecting public sector work. They accept lower wages in compensation for job security and personal contentment. Other factors that have implications for educational choices are personal characteristics (Big Five) and interests. Furthermore, there is a substantial gap between females selecting business and financial education and females who prefer a personal-oriented job in the public sector. The methods used in this paper are comparison of means (t-test) and standard linear regression.
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Samoilikova, Anastasiia, Oksana Zhylinska, Zsolt Pal, and Daniel Kuttor. "«Business-Education-Science» Coopetition and Innovation Transfer for Sustainable Developmen." Marketing and Management of Innovations 2, no. 1 (2022): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.2-20.
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Today «business-education-science» coopetition is an innovative approach to achieving sustainable development goals on different levels of economy and in various spheres of human life. In particular, there is great potential in the context of the fourth, eighth, and ninth sustainable development goals. That is why the article aims to analyze key trends and empirically prove and formalize the impact of «business-education-science» coopetition on sustainable development. The key directions of multidisciplinary study on «business-education-science» coopetition for sustainable development are determined by bibliometric analysis of 6035 documents for 38 years using the Scopus database tools and VOSviewer software. The obtained results allowed to form 7 clusters of multidisciplinary studies on this issue. A comparative analysis of Ukraine and the top 10 countries' levels of sustainable development, innovation development, and business-education competition were conducted. Besides a dynamic analysis of sustainable and innovation development in Ukraine, a dynamic analysis of business and education coopetition in Ukraine, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden was made for 2012-2021. The sample from the top 10 countries in the Sustainable Development Rating in 2021 (Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Germany, France, Switzerland, Ireland, and Estonia) are formed for 10 past years (2012-2021) to investigate the relationship between the level of «business – education – science» coopetition and the level of sustainable development, in particular the scores of University-Industry Collaboration Indicator and Sustainable Development Index. The Shapiro-Wilk test for normal data and Pearson / Spearman correlation analysis was used at the first stage of empirical confirmation of the hypothesis about the impact of «business – education – science» coopetition on sustainable development. In the second stage, the regression model of system dynamic panel-data estimation (The Arellano–Bover / Blundell–Bond model) is built to formalize and determine this impact. Then Arellano-Bond test for zero autocorrelation in first-differenced errors is made to show that there is no present evidence that the model is misspecified. It is proved that if the level of «business – education – science» coopetition (on the example of the score of the University-Industry Collaboration Indicator) increases by 1%, the level of sustainable development (in particular, the score of the Sustainable Development Index) will increase on 0,04% too. The obtained results could be useful for business, education, science institutions, and governance for further research and strengthening sustainable and innovation development levels.
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Becker-Pestka, Daria Joanna. "E-learning for Prisoners. Experience from Sweden, Norway, Poland, Finland and Germany." International Journal of Research in E-learning 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/ijrel.2022.8.1.09.
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In the following article a discussion on the use of e-learning in education of convicts is presented. The topic discussed by the Author is connected with the fact that the use of new media in education at present has become a common solution applied also to educate inmates. E-learning is a current form of education andvocational training. It provides improvement of contemporary culture in education applied at penitentiary institutions to educate convicts. E-learning helps and lets prisoners obtain education and to update education differences. As a method of education, it requires users’ autonomy and self-discipline while working with the use of digital platforms. Education must respond to different needs expressed by the evolving knowledge society. It mainly concerns education of people at risk of social exclusion, e.g. convicts. It is related to the need of dealing with and solving problems that pertain to such issues as increasing possibilities of the media in the area of generating, processing and creating information. The aim of the article is also to describe the use of e-learning in European countries such as Sweden, Norway, Poland, Finland and Germany. These countries were selected for the analysis because they appreciate modern technologies in penitentiary work. They change and develop the solutions. The experience in the use of e-learning in penitentiary work with inmates in Sweden, Norway, Poland, Finland and Germany is different. The aim of the article is also to show how modern technology can be applied in working with convicts. E-learning becomes a tool used for preventing exclusion. Development of various technologies makes it possible to support convicts and prison staff members in the process involving correctional activities. Technologies offer a chance to return or to start work, to continue education, to meet the needs of one’s family, to have an active life in accordance with the social principles after leaving prison. E-learning provides people who have been isolated in prison with a real chance to acquire qualifications. Hence, social issues, family interests, individual interests, business and modern technological solutions are combined in the same field. Coherent and efficient activities come as a challenge to those who perform them and to the society; however, these activities support the process of social rehabilitation.
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Munthe, Elaine, Raymond Bjuland, and Nina Helgevold. "Lesson study in field practice: a time-lagged experiment in initial teacher education in Norway." International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies 5, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlls-12-2015-0047.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the background for, the design of, and the implementation of Lesson Study in a teacher education program in Norway. Lesson Study was chosen as an intervention in an attempt to shift pre-service teachers’ focus from themselves to their pupils, attempting to strengthen their possibilities to learn more about the consequences of their instructional decisions for their pupils. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a time-lagged experiment where one group of second year pre-service teachers took part in their three-week field practice as usual (business-as-usual-condition), and one group, the following year, took part in Lesson Study cycles during their three-week field practice period. The students were recruited from four subject areas in both conditions: Math, Physical Education, Science, and English. Findings – The use of Lesson Study created more collaborative inquiry among the pre-service teachers. At its best, the pre-service teachers formulated research questions, took active part in observations, and used data (pupils’ work, interviews and observations) to inform their choices about how to create improved learning for their pupils. Research limitations/implications – The study is a small scale study due to the need to test before upscaling. Practical implications – The paper includes a description of how Lesson Study was implemented in a Teacher Education Department, and this can be valuable information for others who are attempting the same. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need to learn more about pre-service teachers\ learning and lesson study in teacher education.
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Timoshenko, Konstantin, Odd Birger Hansen, Dag Øivind Madsen, and Tonny Stenheim. "Designing an Accounting Course Module on Cost Allocation: Pedagogical and Didactical Considerations from a Norwegian Perspective." Education Sciences 11, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050232.
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This paper aims to elucidate some didactical and pedagogical issues related to the design of a course module on cost allocation, a pivotal topic in management accounting education at the undergraduate level around the globe. The module in question is specifically tailored to third-year undergraduates in business pursuing a major in accounting-related topics. As a theoretical backdrop, the paper draws on the didactical relationship model developed by Norwegian education researchers Hiim and Hippe. While it has proved to be of considerable value in planning education and teaching in Norwegian primary and upper secondary schools, this model, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, has not previously been applied in the context of accounting education at the university level. Without seeking to wholly generalize our thoughts and views to all higher educational institutions, we refer, in this paper, primarily to our own personal experiences of teaching management accounting gained at the three Norwegian universities, namely, Nord University, University of South-Eastern Norway, and The Arctic University of Norway. It is argued in this paper that the didactical relationship model may be of great help to accounting educators by providing an illustrative account of key conditioning factors (didactic elements) to consider while planning the learning process. Additionally, the paper strives to delve deeper into the use of technology in light of the current COVID-19 situation that we are all locked in.
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Mutonyi, Barbara Rebecca. "Employees’ psychological capital and innovative behavior in higher education." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 13, no. 2 (May 17, 2021): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-02-2020-0024.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of psychological capital (PsyCap) among employees in the higher education (HE) sector. Specifically, the aim of this paper is threefold. First, this study explores the effect of psychological empowerment (PsyEmp) and the two organizational culture factors of clan and market on PsyCap. Second, the study also examines the relationships between PsyEmp, PsyCap and individual innovative behavior (IIB). Third, this paper examines the mediating role of PsyCap on IIB and PsyEmp. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual model was developed and tested on 250 university employees in Norway. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings The analysis shows that both PsyCap and PsyEmp have a direct positive relationship with IIB. The results also reveal that PsyEmp, clan culture and market culture are all positively and significantly linked to PsyCap. The relationship between IIB and PsyEmp is also mediated by PsyCap. Originality/value This study extends the knowledge of PsyCap in the context of the HE sector. For managers, the study highlights the importance of investing in and managing employees’ PsyCap. In addition, although perceived PsyEmp at work can strengthen the level of IIB among employees, employees’ PsyCap can be much more influential. Furthermore, the study contributes new knowledge regarding the symbiotic nature of various organizational culture types and the benefits of having both a clan culture and a market culture in enhancing organizational capabilities.
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Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild, and Rolv Petter Amdam. "Stability and change in managerial elites: the institution of management education in Norway from 1936 to 2009." Management & Organizational History 9, no. 3 (February 18, 2014): 272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2013.879725.
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Bertheussen, Bernt Arne. "Growth Strategy of a Rural Business School: Sustainable Implementation of Online Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 5270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135270.
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This case study, which uses interventionist action research methodology, first describes key elements of the online business model which was implemented at a business school in Arctic Norway. The aim of the business model intervention was to create a growth in student influx. Next, the study examines the actual impact of the intervention in terms of number of online applicants over the last decade. The findings show that the online courses hit a “nerve” in the Norwegian market for higher education as now more than a thousand students, scattered all over the country, apply for admission. Thereafter, the study investigates why students choose to study online. The results disclose that the main motive for choosing online studies is that they better meet students’ needs for different types of study flexibility. Finally, this research explores whether online studies cannibalizes the traditional campus model in a non-sustainable way. The findings show that online and traditional campus studies do not compete, but instead complement each other as they attract different target groups of students. Online studies serve as an essential channel for lifelong learning as the students were mainly well-educated women who worked full-time or part-time. Finally, strategic insights from the process of launching sustainable online studies by a rural business school are discussed.
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Hlupic, Vlatka. "Courageous leadership: Anita Krohn Traaseth, former CEO of Innovation Norway." Strategic HR Review 19, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-11-2019-0082.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the leadership strategy of the publicly owned organisation, Innovation Norway, between 2014 and 2019, when it was under the leadership of former CEO Anita Krohn Traaseth. Design/methodology/approach The author, Vlatka Hlupic, Professor of Leadership and Organisational Transformation at Hult Ashridge Executive Education and CEO of The Management Shift Consulting Ltd, looked at Anita’s examples of courageous leadership while in office. Anita drew upon the different “levels” of individual mindset and corresponding organisational culture in the Emergent Leadership Model, in Vlatka’s book: The Management Shift. Findings Vlatka’s leadership strategy allowed Anita to oversee a cultural change in Innovation Norway from a traditional bureaucratic set-up to one based on entrepreneurship. Through trust and transparency, Anita was open with her staff and the Norwegian society at large about the transitional work, sharing not only good results but also difficult times and resistance, publishing her personal working contract as well as the organisation’s goals. Anita found Vlatka’s Emergent Leadership model an effective and honest way of guiding an existing culture into another culture. Originality/value Readers should come away with an understanding of how courageous leadership requires an acceptance that those in power cannot control everything. Delivering a process, a new way of thinking and working, can be an extremely challenging and risky transition, but effective leaders will believe in that process and follow it through, even if criticism and dissatisfaction occurs, in the knowledge that by being open and honest with their team throughout, they will reach business goals, unified and empowered.
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Puhachova, M. V. "Registers of the Education System in European Countries: Useful Practices for Ukraine." Statistics of Ukraine 91, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(92)2021.01.06.
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Education sectors at country level rely on the circulation of large scopes of information pertaining to education institutions, research institutions, pupils and students, teaching staff, researchers, education diploma or certificates etc. Therefore, the register systems allowing to systematize this information, file it in a convenient form, edit and communicate to physical persons whom these data belong, and to support administrative decision making constitute a necessary tool for the satisfaction of information needs of the modern society. The registers (databases) of the education sector are integral components of the online information resource system in developed countries, which usually consists of the two subsystems: registers containing information about the population, and business registers.
The greatest progress in creating online information resource system, according to experts from international organizations, has been achieved in North European countries. These countries have also become pioneers in carrying out population censuses on the basis of registers, including ones in the education sector.
The article’s objective is to sum up the practices of North European countries in creating and operating electronic information resource systems in the education sector for its adaptation in the Ukrainian realities.
The education registers (databases) of Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, and Estonia are discussed, with making comparison of register systems in six North European countries. It is stressed that Denmark has created the most elaborate register system operated by the line ministry and the statistical office, in the Netherlands and Norway only two education registers exist, containing the necessary information on all the education levels of the population, Estonia has the single information system for the education, and in Sweden and Finland separate registers for each education level have been created. All the above mentioned register systems in education have sufficient information content, and they are continuously improved. And most importantly, these education registers (databases) in all the studied countries are linked by personal identifiers of individuals with other registers containing information about the population.
The process of creating the Unified State Electronic Database on Education in Ukraine is analyzed, with elaborating on the registers included in this system and their content. Conclusions and recommendations on improvements and further developments in education registers of Ukraine and their links with other population-specific registers are made by summing up the practices of creating electronic information resource systems in North European countries.
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Johansen, Vegard. "Entrepreneurship education and start‐up activity: a gender perspective." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 5, no. 2 (June 20, 2013): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17566261311328864.
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PurposeThis article seeks to evaluate whether entrepreneurship education (EE) in upper secondary schools promotes male and female start‐up activity. The Company programme (CP) reaches more than 200,000 European youths annually.Design/methodology/approachThe control‐group design is methodologically strong, and the empirical data are from Norway. Telephone interviews were conducted with 1,171 24‐25 year olds; 50 per cent of the respondents had been involved in CP in the period 2004‐2006, and 50 per cent had not. The analyses also control for other factors of relevance to start‐up activity.FindingsResults from econometric analyses indicate a positive correlation between participation in CP and start‐up activity. The analyses also indicate that CP has more impact on male start‐up activity as compared to women.Research limitations/implicationsA lot of other influences occur between the participation in CP and the start‐up activity. Although CP may be associated with more start‐ups, these are not necessarily start‐ups of a higher quality, survival rate or growth potential. The analysis also conceals variations in start‐up activity among CP‐participants with regard to time spent on CP, position in the CP, and obligatory vs voluntary participation.Practical implicationsTo promote start‐up activity among women more effectively, CP could be more focused on shaping confidence and increasing perceived competency among girls participating in the programme.Social implicationsOne solution for how to increase start‐up activity among young men and women could be to offer EE within upper secondary schools.Originality/valueThe study measures experience with start‐up activity 6‐8 years after EE‐participation in upper secondary school, it compares the impact of EE on male and female business start‐ups, and the control‐group design is advantageous compared to previous studies.
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Samsami, Mahsa. "Business angels ties with entrepreneurs in traditional and secular-rational societies: China, Egypt and Iran contrasted with Germany and Norway." European J. of International Management 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2022.10048399.
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Banyani, Maulidi A., and Danny S. S. Then. "The use of I3F in assessing facilities management industry maturity." Facilities 33, no. 11/12 (August 3, 2015): 793–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-11-2014-0093.
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Purpose – This paper aims to present and discuss the results of the assessment of maturity of facilities management (FM) industries (FMi) in five countries, namely, Denmark, Hong Kong, Norway, Tanzania and the UK. The analysis is based on the “Integrated Feeder Factors Framework (I3F)”. I3F analyses maturity by assessing the progression and integration of the key factors essential for the maturity of the FMi, which are organisations practice, supply market, education, professional bodies, research and business environment. Design/methodology/approach – FM experts in respective countries were interviewed. Data were also gathered from official documents and websites. The collected evidences were analysed using pattern matching. Findings – The FM industry in the five case study countries are found at various levels of maturity. The UK exhibited high levels of maturity compared to other countries. Norway, Hong Kong and Denmark were at the same level with some notable differences, while Tanzania was at the lowest level. Practical implications – The research successfully tested the I3F. This sets foundation for assessing maturity of the FM industry at a country level. The assessment of maturity at a country level is important to FM stakeholders in charting out plans for its development and longevity. Originality/value – This is the first research which has assessed the maturity of FMi in five countries using an I3F. The results show the strength and weaknesses of the FMi in the five countries and point out areas which require stakeholders’ efforts to be improved or maintained.
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Longva, Kjersti Kjos, Øivind Strand, and Mark Pasquine. "Entrepreneurship education as an arena for career reflection: the shift of students' career preferences after a business planning course." Education + Training 62, no. 7/8 (June 30, 2020): 877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-08-2019-0187.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education (EE) in the form of a business planning course on students' career intentions and preferences. While there is extensive research in which traditional survey scales have been applied to study students' entrepreneurial intentions, this study takes a novel approach by extending the construct of entrepreneurial intention to include preferences for intrapreneurship and team entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the use of conjoint analysis captures students' unconscious decision-making processes when presented with different career opportunity scenarios, thereby overcoming many of the limitations of self-reported survey measures.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a quasi-experimental design with a novel application of conjoint analysis in EE research. A two-part survey combining a traditional questionnaire with conjoint analysis was distributed to students enrolled in a business planning course at two campuses of a Norwegian university, resulting in 99 matched pre- and post-test responses.FindingsTwo main findings arise from the study. First, there is a significant decrease in entrepreneurial intention among students in the EE course. Second, the conjoint analysis contributes to a better understanding of this decrease by illustrating how students shift their career preferences from entrepreneurship to employment during the EE course. This suggests that EE provides a space for students' career reflections where they can explore, commit to and reconsider entrepreneurship as a career.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of the study is that it focuses on a small sample of undergraduate students from two campus locations in Norway. Thus, further investigation is still necessary to establish whether the findings are valid in other contexts. The research has implications for higher educational institutions, policymakers and researchers in the field of EE.Practical implicationsThe study contributes with a novel perspective on EE as a trigger for career reflection, a perspective that is important for educators teaching EE courses, as well as for higher education institutions who decide to implement EE in study programmes.Originality/valueBy focusing on the development of students' career preferences through conjoint analysis, the study expands knowledge on the impact of EE on students' careers, while also accentuating the value of the application of conjoint analysis in research on EE.
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Richardsen, Astrid M., and Monica Martinussen. "Factorial validity and consistency of the MBI-GS across occupational groups in Norway." International Journal of Stress Management 12, no. 3 (August 2005): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.12.3.289.
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Ashourizadeh, Shayegheh, Huiyang Dai, and Anna Trunina. "The effect of human capital in start or stop a business in Norway and China: the moderating role of gender and context." European J. of International Management 1, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2023.10053670.
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Andersons, Aigars, and Jozef Bushati. "SMART SPECIALISATION CONCEPT APPLICATION IN UNIVERSITIES: E-BUSINESS ONLINE STUDIES MODEL DEVELOPMENT." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 20, 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol2.4115.
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This paper discusses the Smart specialisation concept problems and challenges based on practice of Nordic and Baltic Higher Education Institutions. A particular focus of this research is devoted to the core understanding of the concept of Smart specialisation and its practical application for University level studies curriculum. EU Regional Cohesion Policy and other related EU policies play an important role to understand basic theoretical aspects for Smart specialisation. On the other hand, when specific case studies had been analysed in practice it is possible to see enormous variety of different misunderstandings of the matter. Even different study directions in the same University translate the Smart specialization terms mostly related to their individual study environments. As a result, it is possible to find in practice very different “Smart specialisation” concepts for technology, engineering, economics, IT and other study directions. As the research methodology/approach, the authors analyse the outcomes and challenges faced by different sets of case studies in Baltic and Nordic countries. Using EU, World Bank and other official national documents and publications, the authors explain the ways in which the Smart specialisation concept can be used in online learning environments. As an empirical research evidence there are analysed the outcomes from case studies - practical implementation of an online e-business study course jointly developed by 9 universities from Latvia, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Estonia, Lithuania, Sweden and Denmark supported by e-business field experts from Balkan area universities. Because of still existing gaps in Smart specialisation theoretical framework, the “grounded theory” approach have to be used more intensively when new and advanced theories have been created from practical outcomes of specific case studies. To solve a problem of Smart specialisation concept different translations and applications, authors of this paper propose to construct the teaching methodology of Smart specialisation concept into two consecutive levels - primary, as a core theory unique for all educators and secondary, as specific applied theories for each specific study direction.
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Johansen, Vegard. "Gender and self-employment: the role of mini-companies." Education + Training 58, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-06-2015-0051.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate to what degree participation in mini-companies impact young women and men with regard to the perceived desirability and perceived feasibility of self-employment. The Company Programme (CP) is the largest mini-company scheme in European secondary school. Design/methodology/approach – The data derived from a survey conducted in Norway with 1,160 students in upper secondary school (17-18 years of age). The quasi-experimental research design enabled a comparison of compulsory CP-participants with non-participation and control for several competing factors. Findings – The investigation demonstrated that CP positively influenced the perceived feasibility of self-employment for both young men and young women, and CP also increased the perceived desirability of self-employment among young women. Research limitations/implications – It could be that the impact of CP varies according to time spent on the CP or position in the mini-company. The study does not measure whether CP-participants actually create a business. Practical implications – Central to explaining the stronger impact on young women is a particular concern with female entrepreneurship in CP. The majority of CEOs in mini-companies are young women, and all women that manage mini-companies can participate in the coaching programme “Girls and Leadership”. Social implications – CP-participation could boost the chance of individuals attempting to start a business at a later point in their lives. In the longer run, CP could contribute to reducing the gender gap in self-employment. Originality/value – Investigating some of the impacts of CP in a gender perspective, this paper adds a fresh viewpoint to the state of knowledge about entrepreneurship education in secondary schools.
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Arthur, Arnfrid, Lars Tore Rydland, and Kristin Amundsen. "The User Perspective in Performance Auditing—A Case Study of Norway." American Journal of Evaluation 33, no. 1 (May 13, 2011): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214011408283.
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Flåten, Bjørn Tore, Mahsa Samsami, and Øystein Tønnessen. "Entrepreneurial orientation confronting disruption: Embedded in networks in Iran and Norway during the COVID-19 pandemic." European J. of International Management 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2022.10048400.
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Aavitsland, P., and S. Andresen. "Communicable disease epidemiology training in Northern Europe." Eurosurveillance 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.06.03.00221-en.
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The five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) have a long tradition of collaboration in communicable disease epidemiology and control. The state epidemiologists and the immunisation programme managers have met regularly to discuss common challenges and exchange experiences in surveillance and control of communicable diseases. After the three Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) regained independence in 1991 and the Soviet Union dissolved, contacts were made across the old iron curtain in several areas, such as culture, education, business, military and medicine. Each of the Nordic communicable disease surveillance institutes started projects with partners in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania or the Russian Federation. The projects were in such diverse areas as HIV surveillance and prevention (1), vaccination programmes and antibiotic resistance. In the mid 1990s the Nordic state epidemiologists noted that there was duplication of efforts and only slow progress towards controlling communicable diseases in the region. Thus, to use the resources more efficiently and to improve the relationships with the Baltic partners, the state epidemiologists set out to co-ordinate their bilateral efforts. They felt that the Nordic network, which had worked so well, could easily be extended eastwards.
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Helkala, Kirsi, and Tone Hoddø Bakås. "Extended results of Norwegian password security survey." Information Management & Computer Security 22, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imcs-10-2013-0079.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the results of a Norwegian password security survey. Research, especially in the early 21st century, has shown that education is needed to change people’s behaviour regarding password generation, management and storage. As our daily routines and duties have become more dependent on electronic services in the last decade, one could think that qualitative education is nowadays given to users. This survey is to verify that assumption. Methodology – A nation-wide demographic survey among employees in Norway with a sample of 1,003 respondents at the ages of 18-64 years was conducted in October 2012. Findings – The results show that the education or proper guidance seldom is given leading to the outdated users’ behaviour. Research limitations – The results of the study are limited to the employed only and they do not explain behaviour of students, teenagers or children. Social implications – During the current year, the results of the study have been discussed several times in national media and, hopefully, have an impact to employees’ behaviour. The results have also been used in the National Security Month campaign in October 2013. Originality/value – The questionnaire itself is not unique. However, the large amount of respondents gives higher value to the results.
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Van der Lingen, Elma, Bjørn Willy Åmo, and Inger Beate Pettersen. "The relationship between entrepreneurial experience and preferred learning styles." Education + Training 62, no. 7/8 (July 15, 2020): 863–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-11-2019-0263.
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PurposeEntrepreneurship is a process of learning. The entrepreneurial learning process incorporates a cumulative series of multifaceted entrepreneurial experiences, which generally involve the development of new insights and behaviours. This study aimed to determine whether entrepreneurial experience has an influence on the preferred learning styles of students. The study also investigated the appropriateness of the Reduced Kolb Learning Style Inventory as a measuring instrument.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted on 586 male and 690 female students from South Africa (n = 1042) and Norway (n = 244). The Reduced Kolb Learning Style Inventory, making use of principal correspondence analysis, was used to determine the preferred learning styles, while the students' level of entrepreneurial experience was captured by items addressing prior entrepreneurial experience.FindingsThe analysis revealed a simpler measure of students' preferred learning styles, comprising a total of 12 items with three items per learning style. The study revealed that the preferred learning style was more important for students who had entrepreneurial experience than for those with less entrepreneurial experience. If students with entrepreneurial experience have stronger concerns for how they learn, it contributes to the understanding of the content of entrepreneurial learning.Originality/valueA modified Reduced Kolb Learning Style Inventory resulted in a concise instrument measuring students' preferred learning style in adherence to Kolb's work and evidenced its usefulness. This study contributes to a field that has been under-researched, related to the association between students' past and current entrepreneurial experience and their learning style preference, and aims to bridge the two research fields. This research explores these links and points to how these insights could inform entrepreneurship education.
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Skackauskiene, Ilona, and Neringa Vilkaite-Vaitone. "Green Marketing – a New Norm: a Qualitative Evidence of Green Marketing Challenges and Future Perspectives in High-Low Context Communication Cultures." Cultural Management: Science and Education 6, no. 1 (July 11, 2022): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/cmse.6-1.07.
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This study aimed to explore current challenges and future perspectives of green marketing. The researchers interviewed nine marketing managers from arts, energy, hospitality, telecommunications, digital printing, cosmetics, and windows XXABSTRACT doors enterprises in Lithuania, which belongs to high-context communication culture, and Norway, which is a low-context culture. The interviewed marketing professionals who represented organizations with an environmentally conscientious cultural value identified many green marketing challenges, such as greenwashing, great resource demand, COVID-19, lack of society and employee awareness, insufficient or malfunctioning government support, shortage of ideas, and lack of supply. The findings indicated that the challenges of green marketing vary across industries and enterprises that differ in the number of employees. The study also found that increasing society’s awareness, promoting inspiring cases, recycling incentives, digitalization, and packaging innovations could be valuable inspirations to overcome these challenges. The research findings will be helpful for academics and marketing managers interested in understanding, implementing, and developing green marketing solutions for achieving business sustainability in high- and low-context communication cultures.
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Zourrig, Haithem, Jeongsoo Park, Kamel El Hedhli, and Mengxia Zhang. "The effect of cultural tightness–looseness on fraud perception in insurance services." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-02-2017-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how cultural tightness may influence consumers’ attitudes toward insurance services and occurrence of insurance fraud. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on Gelfand et al.’s (2011) theory of tight and loose cultures, the authors theorize that perceived wrongness of insurance fraud, fraud occurrence and perceived risk of being caught depend on the cultural tightness. Using field data from a global European social survey (ESS), the authors investigate these differences across two fairly different European countries – Norway (i.e. tight culture) and Ukraine (i.e. loose culture). Findings Consumers from tight culture report less tolerance for insurance fraud (inflating insurance claim) are less likely to commit an insurance fraud, and they perceive higher level of risk of being caught than their counterparts from loose culture (Ukraine). Practical implications Understanding cultural variability in attitude toward insurance fraud, the occurrence of insurance fraud and the sensitivity to the risk of being caught could enrich the authors knowledge about how to prevent insurance fraud. Social implications Consumer protection agencies, consumer educators and policymakers could all benefit from understanding cultural variability in attitude toward fraud. This will potentially help to design effective learning and education programs to sensitize customers to the illegal and unethical aspects of fraudulent behaviors. Originality/value Insurance fraud is a universal issue and exists in many European countries, yet no previous work has investigated the effect of cultural tightness–looseness on fraud perception.
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Grossberndt, Sonja, Antonella Passani, Giulia Di Lisio, Annelli Janssen, and Nuria Castell. "Transformative Potential and Learning Outcomes of Air Quality Citizen Science Projects in High Schools Using Low-Cost Sensors." Atmosphere 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060736.
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The rise of advanced ICT technologies has made it possible to apply low-cost sensor systems for measuring air quality in citizen science projects, including education. High school students in Norway used these sensor systems in a citizen science project to design, carry out, and evaluate their own research projects on air quality. An impact assessment framework was designed to assess the impact of these activities, considering five areas of impact: scientific, social, economic, political, and environmental. In addition, the framework also considers the transformative potential of the citizen science pilot, i.e., the degree to which the pilot can help to change, alter, or replace current systems, and the business-as-usual in one or more fields such as knowledge production or environmental protection. Data for this assessment were gathered in the form of questionnaires that the students had to complete before starting and after finalizing the pilot activities. The results showed positive impacts on learning, a pro-environmental world view, and an increase in pro-science attitudes and interest in scientific and environmental-related topics at the end of the pilot activities. Only weak impacts were measured for behavioral change. The activities showed transformative potential, which makes the student activities an example of good practice for citizen science activities on air quality with low-cost sensors.
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Majore, Ginta. "ENTERPRISE MODELLING METHODOLOGY FOR SOCIO-CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN: CASE FROM CYBERSECURITY EDUCATION AND CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.74.
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INTRODUCTION
The incorporation of various aspects and requirements in socio-cyber-physical (STP) system simulation modelling drives challenges for the application of appropriate methodology and visualisation. The research problem lies in the multi-dimensionality and complexity of these systems. According to information science, the definition of STP implies an understanding of how digital information interacts with and transforms the physical world (which compromises both natural and manmade materials) (Rijswijk et al., 2021). The multi-dimensionality of these system authors is expressed in: 1) time (historical and actual data, future predictions, and continuous updating based on simulation modelling results) (Frazzon et al., 2020); 2) the physical world and its digital representation (Rijswijk et al., 2021); 3) the change in social practices by the influence of the cyber world (Skarga-Bandurova et al., n.d.). All the above-mentioned factors have to be reflected within the comprehensive simulation model.
The author’s proposed hypothesis is: the application of multi-scalability and multi-dimensionality within the enterprise modelling approach provides the opportunity to develop a comprehensive model for socio-cyber-physical systems.
The enterprise modelling method provides an excellent background for case studies and the application of the modern Living Lab approach for socio-cyber-physical systems design. But a research gap exists in contextual modelling for the particular solution. It means that for various cases there is specific contextual information that has to be described and taken into account in order to reach the main goal. The author proposes an extension of 4EM methodology for application in two various cases: 1) development of methodology for cybersecurity education; and 2) requirements for the definition of a climate-smart agriculture solution for farmers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Method: application of enterprise modelling methodology for 2 various cases: 1. climate-smart agriculture; 2. methodology development for advancing cyber security competencies.
EM consists of 6 inter-related models (Stirna & Persson, 2018):
Goal model, which in general defines the objectives of a company and its problems
in reaching such goals and implementing business processes;
Business law model, which describes the laws that have to be complied with in reaching the goals set and/or implementing business processes or rules in a particular context;
Concept model, which explains concepts used in other models;
Business process model, which generally describes processes to be implemented for reaching the goals and functionality tool;
Actor and resource model, which in general includes the required human resources and material-technical resources for implementing business processes or a particular user;
The model of technical components and requirements, which in general describes the provision of software and hardware for business process implementation, as well as how to reach the goals set and functions of a new remote communication tool.
The model development process was conducted according to methodology requirements in the following steps: 1) expert interview before the modelling session; 2) modelling session; 3) model justification within the expert group.
RESULTS
Results shows that 4EM methodology is an effective methodology for case analysis in uncertain situations and where the solution is not obvious. It brings new insight for the proposed situation and explicitly describes the innovative solution.
The outcome of the modelling sessions conducted was the development of models with incorporated stakeholder needs and requirements. The advantage of the application of 4EM methodology is simplicity and comprehensiveness at the same time. Methodology provides flexibility in a situational analysis and definition of sub-models, which supports the proposed case need and stakeholders’ view and ideas. The iterative model design process provides an effective Living Lab approach for stakeholder community building and a snowball effect in engagement.
DISCUSSION
A discussion point regarding 4EM methodology is its completeness and how detailed the description of models and developed sub-models have to be. The application of 4EM in two various cases proves the hypothesis that methodology can be applied as an effective tool for community building within Living Lab.
Future work is related to the incorporation of technological solution and pattern design for the more effective elicitation of requirements.
CONCLUSIONS
The 4EM model has been developed, summarising the requirements and different aspects in using emerging technologies in various situations. It also includes aspects such as social, technological and security factors. Actors and goals have been defended, and important components recognised. Security capabilities and context elements have been determined according to the goal model. Several threats and problems have been identified. The advantage of this model is that the authors formulate technical requirements according to the set context. This approach is a new addition to the existing 4EM process.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Research is partly supported by European Commission Horizon 2020 programme funding by the project ‘reSilienT fARminG by Adaptive microclimaTemanagEment’ — STARGATE No. 818187 and partly by the “Advancing Human Performance in Cybersecurity”, ADVANCES, benefits from a nearly € 1 million grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants. The aim of the project is to advance the performance of cybersecurity specialists by personalising the competence development path and risk assessment. Project contract with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT) No. S-BMT-21-6 (LT08-2-LMT-K-01-051).
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Majore, Ginta. "ENTERPRISE MODELLING METHODOLOGY FOR SOCIO-CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN: CASE FROM CYBERSECURITY EDUCATION AND CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.74.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
The incorporation of various aspects and requirements in socio-cyber-physical (STP) system simulation modelling drives challenges for the application of appropriate methodology and visualisation. The research problem lies in the multi-dimensionality and complexity of these systems. According to information science, the definition of STP implies an understanding of how digital information interacts with and transforms the physical world (which compromises both natural and manmade materials) (Rijswijk et al., 2021). The multi-dimensionality of these system authors is expressed in: 1) time (historical and actual data, future predictions, and continuous updating based on simulation modelling results) (Frazzon et al., 2020); 2) the physical world and its digital representation (Rijswijk et al., 2021); 3) the change in social practices by the influence of the cyber world (Skarga-Bandurova et al., n.d.). All the above-mentioned factors have to be reflected within the comprehensive simulation model.
The author’s proposed hypothesis is: the application of multi-scalability and multi-dimensionality within the enterprise modelling approach provides the opportunity to develop a comprehensive model for socio-cyber-physical systems.
The enterprise modelling method provides an excellent background for case studies and the application of the modern Living Lab approach for socio-cyber-physical systems design. But a research gap exists in contextual modelling for the particular solution. It means that for various cases there is specific contextual information that has to be described and taken into account in order to reach the main goal. The author proposes an extension of 4EM methodology for application in two various cases: 1) development of methodology for cybersecurity education; and 2) requirements for the definition of a climate-smart agriculture solution for farmers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Method: application of enterprise modelling methodology for 2 various cases: 1. climate-smart agriculture; 2. methodology development for advancing cyber security competencies.
EM consists of 6 inter-related models (Stirna & Persson, 2018):
Goal model, which in general defines the objectives of a company and its problems
in reaching such goals and implementing business processes;
Business law model, which describes the laws that have to be complied with in reaching the goals set and/or implementing business processes or rules in a particular context;
Concept model, which explains concepts used in other models;
Business process model, which generally describes processes to be implemented for reaching the goals and functionality tool;
Actor and resource model, which in general includes the required human resources and material-technical resources for implementing business processes or a particular user;
The model of technical components and requirements, which in general describes the provision of software and hardware for business process implementation, as well as how to reach the goals set and functions of a new remote communication tool.
The model development process was conducted according to methodology requirements in the following steps: 1) expert interview before the modelling session; 2) modelling session; 3) model justification within the expert group.
RESULTS
Results shows that 4EM methodology is an effective methodology for case analysis in uncertain situations and where the solution is not obvious. It brings new insight for the proposed situation and explicitly describes the innovative solution.
The outcome of the modelling sessions conducted was the development of models with incorporated stakeholder needs and requirements. The advantage of the application of 4EM methodology is simplicity and comprehensiveness at the same time. Methodology provides flexibility in a situational analysis and definition of sub-models, which supports the proposed case need and stakeholders’ view and ideas. The iterative model design process provides an effective Living Lab approach for stakeholder community building and a snowball effect in engagement.
DISCUSSION
A discussion point regarding 4EM methodology is its completeness and how detailed the description of models and developed sub-models have to be. The application of 4EM in two various cases proves the hypothesis that methodology can be applied as an effective tool for community building within Living Lab.
Future work is related to the incorporation of technological solution and pattern design for the more effective elicitation of requirements.
CONCLUSIONS
The 4EM model has been developed, summarising the requirements and different aspects in using emerging technologies in various situations. It also includes aspects such as social, technological and security factors. Actors and goals have been defended, and important components recognised. Security capabilities and context elements have been determined according to the goal model. Several threats and problems have been identified. The advantage of this model is that the authors formulate technical requirements according to the set context. This approach is a new addition to the existing 4EM process.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Research is partly supported by European Commission Horizon 2020 programme funding by the project ‘reSilienT fARminG by Adaptive microclimaTemanagEment’ — STARGATE No. 818187 and partly by the “Advancing Human Performance in Cybersecurity”, ADVANCES, benefits from a nearly € 1 million grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants. The aim of the project is to advance the performance of cybersecurity specialists by personalising the competence development path and risk assessment. Project contract with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT) No. S-BMT-21-6 (LT08-2-LMT-K-01-051).
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Bílková, Diana. "Wage Level as One of the Most Important Indicators of the Quantitative Aspect of the Standard of Living of the Population and Selected Indicators of Economic Maturity in OECD Member Countries." Engineering Economics 31, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.3.23441.
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The present paper focuses on the comparison of wage levels across OECD countries, the research data coming from an official OECD website. The following eight variables are employed in this study – the average wage, minimum wage, GDP per capita, tertiary education attainment, employment ratio, trade unions, labour productivity and inflation rate. The average wage represents the main explained variable in regression and correlation analysis, the remaining seven variables being used as potential explanatory ones. In order to compare living standards in different countries, average and minimum wages as well as per capita GDP data were adjusted to relative purchasing power parity. The principal objective was to identify which explanatory variables statistically significantly affect the average wage. The analysis showed that only three of them – namely the employment ratio, GDP per capita and labour productivity – have a significant effect at a 5% statistical level. The regression hyperplane with a forward stepwise selection was applied. Nine clusters of OECD countries were created based on both all the eight variables and four of them selected in regression analysis (the average wage and three explanatory ones) with the aim to identify the countries that coexist in the same cluster. Ward's method and Euclidean distance are utilized in cluster analysis, the number of clusters being determined with the use of the Dunn index. The study also aims at the prediction of the average wage by 2022, which was made via exponential smoothing of time series. (The greatest purchasing power is reported by Luxembourg, Switzerland, Iceland, the U.S., the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Austria, the highest average wage growth rate by 2022 being expected in the Baltic and some other post-communist countries.)
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Breidahl, Karen N., Gunnar Gjelstrup, Hanne Foss Hansen, and Morten Balle Hansen. "Evaluation of Large-Scale Public-Sector Reforms." American Journal of Evaluation 38, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 226–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214016660612.
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Research on the evaluation of large-scale public-sector reforms is rare. This article sets out to fill that gap in the evaluation literature and argues that it is of vital importance since the impact of such reforms is considerable and they change the context in which evaluations of other and more delimited policy areas take place. In our analysis, we apply four governance perspectives (rational-instrumental perspective, rational interest–based perspective, institutional-cultural perspective, and chaos perspective) in a comparative analysis of the evaluations of two large-scale public-sector reforms in Denmark and Norway. We compare the evaluation process (focus and purpose), the evaluators, and the organization of the evaluation, as well as the utilization of the evaluation results. The analysis uncovers several significant findings including how the initial organization of the evaluation shows strong impact on the utilization of the evaluation and how evaluators can approach the challenges of evaluating large-scale reforms.
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Саранча, Михаил, Mikhail Sarancha, Антон Мосалев, and Anton Mosalev. "Experience of development of tourism services in polar regions in foreign countries." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14581.
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The development of consumer demand in the tourism industry, the complexity of its structure, relationships, and changes forced many countries to create new, sometimes unusual tourist offers. Thus the state pays attention to the potential of the Polar Regions which previously may have seemed problematic areas of farming. A new look at the problem and considering it as a potential for the growth and development of the economy of the territory has allowed to create a solid strategy for the development of tourism in Greenland, Canada, Norway, the USA, Argentina and a number of some other states. The research experience of tourism development in the polar regions of the world has allowed to define features of the development of growth strategies and the development of tourism, the creation of tourist products and projects aimed at long-term development of the tourism sector, such as programs to support education, project financing tourism and hospitality industry, the creation of crowdsourcing projects and areas for informal communication players in the tourism market of the polar regions. Support for the development of tourism in the polar regions of states can solve the most important tasks, including national security, social development, and support for the preservation of indigenous peoples, their identity, culture, development of entrepreneurial initiative among the local population. The article analyzes the experience of government, legislative initiatives, business initiatives, non-profit and professional associations, scientific research in the countries and territories in which tourism in Polar Regions has been in existence for a long period of time, it is extremely important and urgent for the Russian Federation, having significant areas located above the Arctic Circle. The study is the basis for the reference, the system of tourism development in the polar territories of Russia, support social, cultural and entrepreneurial initiatives of the local population, creating conditions favorable economic climate in the tourism-related economic activities. The article was written by the project № 114–15–05–05–02 «Federal Agency for Tourism».
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Илькевич, Сергей, and Sergey Ilkevich. "The problem of «sustainable tourism» in science and education in Russia and abroad: a comparative analysis." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7947.
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This article analyzes the current state and prospects of mainstreaming sustainable tourism in the basic educational programs of Russian universities, as well as identifying obstacles to the expansion of research topics in the field of sustainable tourism in Russia. The overview of Russian works in the field of sustainable tourism demonstrates that the most studied are natural, environmental aspects of sustainable tourism development in terms of long-term interests of society, while the social and economic dimensions of sustainable development of tourism are presented by a limited number of fragmented works. This situation in the domestic tourism science greatly contrasts with the ways of international tourism research in this area, where can be found a more balanced mix of studies, as the share of socio-economic research in the total volume of works on sustainable tourism is much higher.
A significant lack of research on the socio-economic aspects of sustainable tourism development is established by content analysis of domestic and foreign publications, and by their comparative analysis. Thematic focus of international projects on sustainable tourism in Russia is also analyzed to arrive to some indicative conclusions. The only comprehensive project in the field of sustainable tourism is currently under way between the Russian State University of Tourism and Service and Telemark University College (Norway), and in many ways it is still the first and only one. The main reason for the observed bias in domestic research, according to the author, is a strong starting position of natural sciences in comparison to social onesl. Another reason may be the rigidity of domestic tourism researchers of the humanitarian and economic profile in relation to the issues of sustainability, when Russian economists and specialists in humanities are under the influence of more successful researches in natural science and they underestimate the whole palette of concepts and approaches of socio-economic nature, relevant to the issues of sustainable tourism, and that is the reason why they are mentally limited to just the recognition and enumeration of the most obvious and basic socio-economic aspects of sustainable tourism (such as local employment, infrastructure development, replenishment of local budgets, integration into the world economy), and do no not go further, do not proceed with conducting specific studies within broader and more concrete settings of sustainability issues.
The issues of sustainable tourism in domestic tourist education are even less represented than in science. Over the past few years, only six Russian universities as part of their basic educational programs offered individual subjects to study sustainable tourism. To this can indirectly be added another dozen or so universities that offer disciplines in eco-tourism, and about two dozen universities offering courses on sustainable development, including some problems of tourism development. And only one university in Russia offers modules in sustainable tourism at the Master level, and that institution delivers three subjrects on sustainable tourism. It seems that the main problem in the Russian tourist education in the context of sustainable tourism is in some sense too "respectful" attitude to the subject of sustainable tourism, when it is believed that students should "grow" up to some level to get acquainted with this concept at a Master degree course of studies. In Europe, the concept of susyainable tourism is more culturaland widespread, and it is brought to bachelors just in more simple words and then at the Master level it is just taught with a higher academic rigor. This approach is in general culturally and professionally more productive. The second advantage of the European way of teaching sustainable tourism is that there is a much greater linkage between the concept and the context of small businesses, in other words sustainable developed not necessarily linked to the context of destination development and planning. Therefore, sustainable tourism is quite often studied in business schools.
In his publication the author tries to draw the attention of the national scientific community to the problem of conceptual and epistemological backwardness of the Russian tourism science in comparison to the international tourism science when it comes to sustainable tourism issues. Present deficiencies in socio-economic research and educational programs can be eliminated within a few years if the national scientific and educational communities duly appreciate the whole range of issues of sustainable tourism and the promising outlook for research and educational programs in this field.
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Nielsen, Anne Birgitta, Ekaterine Pirtskhalava, and Ekaterine Basilaia. "Hate speech in intercultural encounters." FLEKS - Scandinavian Journal of Intercultural Theory and Practice 7, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/fleks.4570.
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The issue of hate speech has been a topic of international debate—most frequently in the domains of law, philosophy and language. Different issues linked to changes in society, ranging from the proliferation of social media, innovation and technology and influx of fake news, disinformation and propaganda to the rise of nationalism, far-right movements, increased cross-border movement of people and transnational business have made studying the conceptual and practical aspects of hate speech in different contexts ever more important. The papers in this issue focus on the sociolinguistic aspects of the use of hate speech and its different variants in online communication, offering a much-needed perspective on how hate speech in digital communication can be identified and tackled. For example, Dr. Manana Ruseishvili and Dr. Rusudan Dolidze analyse hate speech in computer-meditated communication, focusing on the polylogal, asynchronic remarks made by members of the public reacting to articles in online media or press releases about the LGBT pride event planned for June 2019. The research carried out by Lilit Bekaryan explores how hateful posts and comments can start among Facebook users, and studies the language means employed in their design based on data from more than ten open Facebook pages managed by popular Armenian figures, such as media experts, journalists, politicians and bloggers. Dr. Tatjana R. Felberg explores the interconnectedness between impoliteness and hate speech in online comments in Croatia and Serbia by applying impoliteness theory and a critical discourse analysis framework. Her research demonstrates that those who post often fluctuate between hate speech and impoliteness. Dr. Ayunts and Dr. Paronyan provide a comparative analysis of manifestations of hate speech and euphemisms in Armenian and British online media outlets and social sites targeting people's sexual orientation with emphasis on the interconnectedness of hate speech and culture. This issue was prepared as part of the project ‘Intercultural encounters in academia and work places in South Caucasus and Norway’ funded by DIKU, the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education. The project partner universities are Oslo Metropolitan University, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Yerevan State University and Khazar University.
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Tsapko-Piddubna, Olga. "INCLUSIVE GROWTH POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT: THE CASE OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 2 (March 26, 2021): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-2-233-239.
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The article highlights the necessity of inclusive growth and development concept implementation in times of economic and social instability as it is widely recognized as the one that can and should tackle the common long existing problems like poverty, inequality, and insecurity. Thus, the subject of this research is to compare the patterns of inclusive growth and development across economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE); and to investigate the driving policies and institutions to countries’ inclusive growth and development. The research objective is to highlight policies that would increase equality, economic well-being, and as a result, the competitiveness of CEE countries. Methods. For this purpose, the comparative analysis of CEE countries’ inclusive growth and development patterns was done; and the empirical evaluation was done to observe relationship between the Inclusive Development Index and indicators that described economic policies and institutional factors relevant to inclusiveness. In a comparative analysis and a cross-country regression model (for both dependent and independent variables), a recently developed by World Economic Forum performance metric was used. Results. The main findings suggest that the Czech and Slovak Republics are the best performing among CEE countries in inclusive growth and development patterns. On the contrary, Ukraine, Moldova, and Russian Federation are the worst. Economic growth of these countries has not transformed well into social inclusion. Still, there is a great potential for all CEE economies to improve their social inclusiveness in comparison with EU-28 and Norway (the most inclusive economy in 2018). Results of the empirical research indicate that redistributive fiscal policy has little influence on inclusive growth and development. Nevertheless, it should create a public social protection system that is engaged in decreasing poverty, vulnerability, and marginalization without hampering economic growth. Besides, an effective and inclusive redistributive state system of CEE economies should accentuate on supporting human economic opportunities. According to the results of the regression model, positive strong influence on inclusive growth and development is associated with the employment and labour compensation policy that allows people to directly increase their incomes and feel active and productive members of society; the basic services and infrastructure policy which is a necessary ground for present and future human and economic development; the asset building and entrepreneurship policy provides diminishing inequality and rising economic opportunities by fostering medium and small business creation and enlarging possibilities of home and other asset ownership. Altogether these policies would increase broad-based human economic opportunities and consequently both equality, economic well-being, and CEE economies’ competitiveness in the long run. The counter-intuitive effect observed in the regression model between education and skills development policy and country’s inclusive growth and development needs further investigations, as education is important for social mobility and decrease in income and wealth inequality.
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Nesje, Katrine. "Teach First Norway - who joins and what are their initial motivations for teaching?" Acta Didactica Norge 10, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 150–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.2512.
Full textAbstract:
Motivasjon for å undervise er et tema som er mye diskutert i offentlige debatter og i forskningslitteraturen. Grunnen til dette er at læreres profesjonelle motivasjon har vist seg å påvirke elevenes motivasjon, læreres tilfredshet i jobben, fravær og turnover i læreryrket, samt rekruttering av nye lærere. Alternative lærerutdanninger som tilbyr en raskere vei inn i læreryrket har i de senere årene blitt etablert, både i Norge og internasjonalt. Denne studien undersøker om den profesjonelle motivasjonen til kandidater som rekrutteres til disse programmene har spesielle kjennetegn. Artikkelen undersøker både motivasjon for undervisning og motivasjon for å delta i det alternative lederopplærings- og lærerutdanningsprogrammet Teach First Norway. Datamaterialet består av spørreskjemadata og intervjudata fra ett kull (N=13) Teach First Norway-kandidater. Basert på spørreskjemadata ble det utført en klyngeanalyse som fant tre motivasjonsprofiler: “Lav altruistisk motivasjon”, “Interesse for undervisning” og “Høy altruistisk motivasjon”. Ved hjelp av kvalitative intervjuer ble motivasjonsprofilene utdypet. Resultatene viser at samspillet mellom deltakernes ulike motivasjonsfaktorer er kompleks og unik. Det stereotype bildet av en Teach First Norway-kandidat som bruker programmet som et springbrett inn i lederstillinger i næringslivet nyanseres som følge av funnene.Nøkkelord: alternativ lærerutdanning, motivasjon for å undervise, karriere, Teach First NorwayAbstractTeacher motivation is a widely discussed topic in public debates and educational research literature. Prior research has found that teachers’ professional motivation impacts students’ motivation, teachers’ professional satisfaction, teacher absenteeism and turnover, as well as the recruitment of new teachers. Recently, the introduction of alternative teacher education programmes has provided a faster way into the teaching profession. This study investigates specific characteristics of the professional motivations of candidates recruited to these programmes. The article reports both the motivations for teaching and reasons for attending the alternative teacher education programme Teach First Norway (TFN). For descriptive purposes a cluster analysis was performed based on survey data from one cohort (N=13) of TFN candidates. Three motivational profiles emerged: ‘low altruistic motivation’, ‘high interest in teaching’ and ‘predominant altruistic motivation’. The profiles were further explored through qualitative interviews. The results show that the interplay between participants’ motivations is complex and unique. The stereotypical image of a TFN candidate that uses the programme as a springboard into management positions in businesses becomes more nuanced as a result of these findings.Keywords: alternative teacher education, motivations to teach, careers, Teach First
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Стрёмберг, Пер, Per Stremberg, Сергей Илькевич, Sergey Ilkevich, Елена Сахарчук, and Elena Sakharchuk. "look at the russian eduCation in the field of tourism through the paradigm prism of sustainable tourism (summarizing the ConCeptual results of international sCientifiC-praCtiCal seminar of the russian-norwegian projeCt of rsuts «eduCation in the field of sustainable tourism development in russia»)." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 10, no. 4 (December 19, 2016): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23571.
Full textAbstract:
The full and comprehensive inclusion of sustainable tourism in Russian tourism studies and thematic plans of disciplines at the present time are particularly important nowadays. Meanwhile we can note very superficial and simplified understanding of the concept of sustainable development in tourism, when they simply proclaim the necessity of taking into account natural, social limitations, and interests of the local economy, but at the same time, the Russian researchers and teachers do not have enough awareness of all the possible refractions of this problem. Passed at the 22nd of September 2016 in RSUTS scientific-practical seminar «Sustainable rural tourism in Russia» was drafted to help resolve the identified problems. Leading international and Russian experts in the field of sustainable tourism development gave the examples of their own researches which demonstrate the breadth and multi-dimensionality of sustainability in tourism. There were presented and illustrated with the method of case studies such topics as 1) the correlation of center and periphery as a factor in the long-term sustainability in tourism; 2) service orientation as a factor of long-term competitiveness of destinations; 3) the problem of finding the optimal balance between state regulation and ethnic autonomy; 4) the interests of local residents and their informing with the positive results of tourism development; 5) factor of liminality in tourist experiences; 6) avoidance of excessive standardization and universalization of tourism products as a factor of competitiveness of peripheral destinations; 7) the concept of touristscapes and taskscapes; 8) optimal route network and reference point for the sustainable development of tourism; 9) the importance of tourism for the depressed rural settlements of Russia; 10) the peculiarities of small businesses processes in rural tourism, 11) entrepreneurship as the factor of increase of stability and competitiveness of the tourism industry under crisis conditions. These and other aspects of sustainable tourism development were the subject of extensive discussion at the scientific-practical seminar, which resulted in a more complete understanding of the paradigm of sustainability in the current realities of the Russian tourism industry. The article presents views, concepts and elements of academic debate, which took place during the seminar from representatives of five countries: Russia, Norway, Australia, Sweden and Iceland. The purpose of this publication consisted in the systematization of the academic content of the reports and scientific messages, and the explanation of how they can contribute to strengthening the concept of sustainable tourism as a comprehensive and productive paradigm in tourism research and education-conceptual approach.
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Engen, Bård Ketil. "Understanding social and cultural aspects of teachers’ digital competencies." Comunicar 27, no. 61 (October 1, 2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c61-2019-01.
Full textAbstract:
Many European governments, including Norway, have ambitious educational policies regarding digitalisation. Many businesses and policymakers pay great attention to the use of digital technologies in education in order to meet the future demands for a competent and qualified workforce. Among researchers and policymakers, there is a general consensus that the professional teacher is a key figure for the successful implementation of digital technologies in schools. Many expectations have been placed upon professional teachers regarding the implementation and use of digital technologies. The professional teacher is, to a certain degree, supposed to independently decide how digital technologies should be used in the classroom. This paper discusses what the concept of a ‘professional digitally competent teacher’ may mean in the context of schools. It also argues the need for a greater understanding of professional digital competence, one which takes into consideration various social and cultural aspects with regard to technology, schools and the teaching profession. In unpacking the social and cultural conditions for implementing technology in a professional teaching context, I will draw on concepts from the constructivist understanding of technology, namely, the ‘domestication of technology’. Muchos gobiernos europeos, incluido el de Noruega, tienen políticas educativas ambiciosas en materia de digitalización. Muchas empresas y responsables políticos prestan gran atención al uso de las tecnologías digitales en la educación para satisfacer la futura demanda de una mano de obra competente y cualificada. Entre los investigadores y los legisladores, existe un consenso general al considerar a los docentes profesionales como una figura clave para la aplicación con éxito de las TIC en la escuela, en lo referente a su implementación y su uso, y se han depositado muchas expectativas en ellos. Se supone que el docente profesional debe, hasta cierto punto, decidir de manera autónoma cómo se han de utilizar estas tecnologías digitales en el aula. Este artículo analiza lo que puede significar el concepto de «docente profesional digitalmente competente» en el contexto de la escuela. También argumenta sobre la necesidad de una mejor interpretación de la competencia digital profesional, que tenga en cuenta diversos aspectos sociales y culturales en relación con la tecnología, las escuelas y la profesión docente. Al analizar las condiciones sociales y culturales para implementar la tecnología en un contexto de enseñanza profesional, nos basaremos en el enfoque constructivista de la tecnología, en concreto, la «domesticación de la tecnología».
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Neill, Lindsay, Ayeesha Taylor, and Nigel Hemmington. "Waiter, there’s a fly in my coffee!" Hospitality Insights 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v5i2.114.
Full textAbstract:
The hospitality industry is under intense pressure. COVID-19 restrictions and limited trading opportunities have forced restaurateurs to consider their pricing structures. Reflecting those concerns, Richard Corney, MD of the Inigo Coffee Group, proposed that the retail price of a cup of coffee needed to rise to between $6.50 and $7.00 to “take into account all the other cost increases hospitality establishments have experienced in the last decade, not to mention the challenges of the pandemic in the last two years” [1]. Alongside these revenue issues, the industry also needs to move away from a tradition of low pay and low value [2], and perhaps towards the concept of a ‘hospitable wage’ [3]. However, laudable as these goals might be, upward price movement may be resisted by many customers.
So how can restaurateurs and hoteliers ‘sell’ revised-price-products to their customers? Clearly, increased revenue can be achieved through both marginal price increases and up-selling to increase average customer spend. We propose that both of these goals can be achieved if employers embrace the concept of hospitality as an experience [4, 5], where the performance of staff is central [6], and where the experience is delivered with ‘hospitality personality’.
Much has been written about the personality of hospitality staff. Most of that work can be traced back to the early work of Erving Goffman [7] who proposed that hospitality employees were playing roles, and acting out, by using their emotional intelligence. Goffman likened such workers to actors who literally ‘take on’ a character. The characteristics of the hospitality personality have been explored by many authors [8–10] and include, agreeableness, extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and emotional stability; although some research also reveals that neuroticism is also a hospitality characteristic in hotel receptionists. Alongside this research, other studies have identified the role of mood and personality in positive guest experiences, specifically service quality perception and customer satisfaction [11]. This supports our suggestion that the performance of staff can have a direct impact on customer experience and potentially revenue, and that Corney’s price recommendation could be a realistic option for many businesses struggling economically.
But there’s a ‘fly in the ointment’: the Tall Poppy Syndrome. Tall poppy syndrome originated around 500BC in ancient Rome, when King Tarquinius Superbus demonstrated how the nation should deal with its enemies. In an active display he lopped off the heads of the tallest poppies in his garden with a stick [12]. Today, tall poppies are conspicuously successful people, who may attract envy, resentment or hostility, and the Tall Poppy Syndrome (TPS) is the habit of others to diminish those who have attained excellence in a field – to cut them down to size [13]. While TPS is commonly associated with Australia and New Zealand, it is also part of other cultures. Within Scandinavian cultures, janteloven1 promotes humility and conformity paralleling TPS [15]; in Japanese culture, ‘the nail that sticks up gets pounded down’ [16]; and within Filipino culture a crab mentality exists whereby crabs in a bucket tend to pull back any adventurous crabs trying to escape [17]. TPS is often described as being ingrained in New Zealand culture [18] and has been identified as a phenomenon in New Zealand entrepreneurship and business [19].
While TPS encourages conformist cultures, our research provides a valuable insight into how employers can spot potential employees who actively resist notions of TPS’s conformity and are more likely to perform to the highest levels. Using Instagram, we interviewed 1000 young self-identifying New Zealanders to explore their qualitative experiences of TPS. They identified as 68% female and 32% male. Their age ranges were: 58% aged 18–24; 27% aged 25–34; 7% aged 35–44; 3% aged 45–54; and 2% aged 55 or above. Three percent of the respondents were excluded from our final sample because they were aged 17 or younger.
The respondents’ feelings, victimhood, self-esteem, and knowledge about TPS provided our research with the largest amount of data. Of our 1000 participants, 50% knew what TPS was, while 50% did not. Similarly, 45% of our respondents claimed to be victims of TPS. Contrastingly, 55% had no experiences of TPS. Within those considerations, the data revealed clearly that TPS was perceived by participants as ‘something done to them’ and not as ‘something they do to other people’. Yet, and despite that difference, the pervasive nature of TPS within Kiwi socio-culture was noted by participants.
Several participants recounted the cost of TPS; for example, “Definitely held me back. It can knock your confidence so much” and “Made me want to hide/play down my talents/my life.” Other participants perceived TPS “put-downs” (belittling or humiliating remarks) as a challenge or motivating force. They commented, “Uncomfortable but it pushed me harder to be even more successful” and “It motivated me. I realized people saw something in me and strived to continue improving.”
For the 45% of our participants directly experiencing TPS, those experiences were grounded within two base reactions. Reflecting that, more than half of our participants adopted conformist behaviours, succumbing to the bullying pressures of others. However, 45% recognised TPS and its bullying as a motivator to create further behaviours and actions of excellence.
The role of social media in TPS was significant. Participants directly linked TPS to social media with 89% of respondents recognising the role of social media in TPS. Key to their views was the realisation that social media not only provided distance between people but also that people used social media to manipulate the image they projected to others. In those ways, social media was a mediating factor. As participants observed, “Easier to be mean and cut someone down through a comment than to their face” and “Social media has made it easier to abuse and put down those that stand out.”
Given the attributes of the hospitality personality, and Richard Corney’s proposed pricing restructures in hospitality, the key is for employers to consider the resilience of their staff to TPS and conformity. They should consider whether they can recruit and retain the 45% of staff that use TPS as inspiration to succeed – the staff who will rise the challenge of delivering exceptional customer experiences through their own performance of the ‘hospitality personality’. It is within the unique characteristics of these staff that hospitality businesses can generate that extra point of difference and experience that customers will be happy to pay a little more to enjoy; and perhaps hospitality businesses might go a step further by also considering the concept of the ‘hospitable wage’.
Corresponding author
Lindsay Neill can be contacted at: lindsay.neill@aut.ac.nz
Note
“Janteloven (the law of Jante) at its simplest describes the way that all Norwegians (and in fact, other Scandinavians too) behave: putting society ahead of the individual, not boasting about individual accomplishments, and not being jealous of others” [14].
References
(1) Wilkes, M. We Need to Pay $7 for a Flat White if Cafes are Going to Survive, Says Coffee Boss, 2021. https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-drink/drinks/127196374/we-need-to-pay-7-for-a-flat-white-if-cafes-are-going-to-survive-says-coffee-boss (accessed Dec 12, 2021).
(2) Te Ora, N. Does Hospitality Have a Low Wages Problem? Workers Say Yes. Some Restaurant Owners Say No, 2021. https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/125301113/does-hospitality-have-a-low-wages-problem-workers-say-yes-some-restaurant-owners-say-no (accessed Dec 10, 2021).
(3) Douglas, J.; Williamson, D.; Harris, C. Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap: Creating “Hospitable Wages” through the Living Wage Movement. Hospitality & Society 2020, 10 (1), 3–22.
(4) Hemmington, N. From Service to Experience: Understanding and Defining the Hospitality Business. The Service Industries Journal 2007, 27 (6), 747–755.
(5) Lugosi, P. Hospitality Spaces, Hospitable Moments: Consumer Encounters and Affective Experiences in Commercial Settings. Journal of Foodservice 2008, 19 (2), 139–149.
(6) Morgan, M.; Watson, P.; Hemmington, N. Drama in the Dining Room: Theatrical Perspectives on the Foodservice Encounter. Journal of Foodservice 2008, 19 (2), 111–118.
(7) Goffman, E. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life; Doubleday: Garden City, New York, 1959.
(8) Köşker, H.; Unur, K.; Gursoy, D. The Effect of Basic Personality Traits on Service Orientation and Tendency to Work in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism 2019, 19 (2), 140–162.
(9) Grobelna, A. Extraversion and its Importance in the Hospitality Workplace. Scientific Journal, No. 876, Economic Problems of Tourism 2015, 3 (31), 89–96.
(10) Gonzalez-Gonzalez, T.; García-Almeida, D. J. Frontline Employee-Driven Change in Hospitality Firms: An Analysis of Receptionists’ Personality on Implemented Suggestions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2021, 33 (12), 4439–4459.
(11) Kocabulut, Ö.; Albayrak, T. The Effects of Mood and Personality Type on Service Quality Perception and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research 2019, 13 (1), 98–112.
(12) Felton, D. Advice to Tyrants: The Motif of “Enigmatic Counsel” in Greek and Roman Texts. Phoenix 1998, 52 (1–2), 42–54.
(13) Feather, N. T. Attitudes towards the High Achiever: The Fall of the Tall Poppy. Australian Journal of Psychology 1989, 41 (3), 239–267.
(14) Nikel, D. What Exactly Is Janteloven? Life in Norway, 2015. https://www.lifeinnorway.net/what-exactly-is-janteloven/ (accessed Dec 10, 2021).
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(16) Matsumoto, D. Culture and Self: An Empirical Assessment of Markus and Kitayama’s Theory of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 1999, 2, 289–310.
(17) Licuanan, P. A Moral Recovery Program: Building a People – Building a Nation. In: Dy, M. B. (ed) Values in Philippine Culture and Education: Philippine Philosophical Studies, 1; The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy: Washington, DC, 1994, pp. 35–54.
(18) Ockhuysen, S. It's Time to Do Better and Cut Tall Poppy Syndrome out of Our Culture. Stuff, Feb 20, 2020. https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/119627156/its-time-to-do-better-and-cut-tall-poppy-syndrome-out-of-our-culture (accessed Dec 11, 2021)
(19) Kirkwood, J. Tall Poppy Syndrome: Implications for Entrepreneurship in New Zealand. Journal of Management & Organization 2007, 13 (4), 366–382.
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Hansen, Kai. "Investigating Food Development in an Area of Norway: An Explorative Study Using a Grounded Theory Approach." Qualitative Report, August 10, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2245.
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This paper investigated food development in the southern part of Rogaland County in south-western Norway. Food is considered a local development part in many municipalities in Norway in terms of new business, employment, etc. This region includes some of the more spectacular geographical structures openly visible in nature. The aim of the study was to investigate the development of food based on a broad understanding in this region. The method used was CurroCus® group interviews, or fast focus groups. Six CurroCus® groups were used, and they completed their participation in six hours. Altogether, 39 persons participated from different age groups consisting of both genders. They were asked to discuss different conditions concerning local food, food festivals, food offers, food producers, and different sales outlets in the region. All interviews were recorded, and two observers took notes during each interview. The empirical data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. According to the findings, some important areas indicate the need for an increased focus for development in the region. Six main categories represented the interpretation from the CurroCus® groups on local food. The main conclusions drawn highlight the region’s several possibilities and challenges for food development as well as several areas that need further research in the future.
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Slåtten, Terje, Gudbrand Lien, Victoria Helen Batt-Rawden, Solveig Beyza Narli Evenstad, and Terje Onshus. "The relationship between students’ psychological capital, social-contextual factors and study-related outcomes – an empirical study from higher education in Norway." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, January 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-11-2021-0160.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the relationships between students’ psychological capital (PsyCap), social-contextual factors and study-related outcomes. Social-contextual factors are represented by two education-related variables: academic support and peer support. Three study-related outcome variables are included, namely, study engagement, academic performance and student well-being. Design/methodology/approach Students from different higher education campuses and academic programs in Norway participated. Findings PsyCap is directly related to the three study-related outcome variables. The relationship between PsyCap and academic performance is mediated by study engagement. The two social-contextual factors (academic support and peer support) are both related to PsyCap. Finally, PsyCap also mediated the relationship between the two social-contextual factors and the three study-related outcome variables. Research limitations/implications Overall, the findings reveal that PsyCap has a key role in all study-related outcomes. Accordingly, managers of higher education institutions should take students’ PsyCap seriously and seek ways to intervene and manage the different resources embraced in the concept of PsyCap. Originality/value This study contributes to a relatively new but seemingly growing area of research in educational management, focusing on the role of student PsyCap.
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Garcia-Blandon, Josep, Josep Argilés-Bosch, and Diego Ravenda. "CEO demographics and gender diversity in senior management in large Scandinavian firms." Gender in Management: An International Journal, November 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-12-2021-0379.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate whether chief executive officer (CEO) demographics are associated with gender diversity in senior management in the Scandinavia region. Design/methodology/approach The research design draws on multivariate cross-sectional analysis. The demographic characteristics examined are gender, age and education. A total of six hypotheses are developed and tested. The sample includes the largest 106 public firms from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Findings Results show that firms with female CEOs have more women in senior management than other firms. However, neither age nor level of formal education of CEOs shows significant results, with the exception of CEOs holding MBA degrees, who are associated with fewer women in these positions. Interestingly, the association between educational background and gender diversity is principally driven by study-abroad experiences. Finally, results show that gender diversity in senior management has an important country component, whereas the industry component is negligible. Originality/value The relationship between managers’ demographics and gender diversity among subordinates is a relatively unexplored research issue, as previous works have focused on general comparisons between male and female managers. Furthermore, the Scandinavian context is particularly interesting as this region leads gender equality rankings.
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"A New Way of Learning End-of-Life Care and Providing Public Palliative Care Education in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic – Online Last Aid Courses." Archives of Health Science, June 30, 2020, 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2020-4(1)-123.
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Care for seriously ill and dying people at home is a public health issue and should according to Kellehear be everyone’s business (1,2). In the future we do need a cooperation of citizens and professionals in order to provide palliative care at home for all in need (1-5). The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that end-of-life care is especially challenging in times of a pandemic with limited healthcare resources and the need for isolation measures. We have been told a number of stories of people who did not receive adequate palliative care or relatives who were not able to say farewell to dying people due to isolation measures. In nursing homes isolation and lack of contact to relatives and others may lead to psychological, social and existential suffering. Last Aid courses for citizens have been started in 2015 in Norway, Germany and Denmark in order to raise awareness about death and dying, to encourage the public debate and to improve the citizens knowledge about palliative care (4). The so-called public knowledge approach as described by Bollig seeks to make knowledge about palliative care and end-oflife care part of public knowledge of all citizens (3). The aim of Last Aid courses is to provide public palliative care education (PPCE) for citizens in order to enable them to participate in end-of-life care provision at home (3-5). At present Last Aid courses have already been established or are being introduced in 16 countries in Europe and Australia.
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Hieu Nguyen, Minh, Jimmy Armoogum, and Emeli Adell. "Feature Selection for Enhancing Purpose Imputation using Global Positioning System Data without Geographic Information System Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, December 31, 2020, 036119812098300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120983006.
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This paper presents a method for enhancing purpose imputation from global positioning system data without using geographic information system data via relevant feature selection from six groups: (1) activity time; (2) user characteristics; (3) predicted travel modes; (4) actual travel modes; (5) estimated home location; and (6) estimated location of the most frequently visited non-home place (MFVP). Two datasets were collected in 2019 using TRavelVU, a smartphone application. The first one (the Hanoi dataset) comprised 652 days’ worth of data collected from 63 users in Hanoi, Vietnam, whereas the second one (the Donate dataset) comprised 932 days’ worth of information collected from 65 individuals in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. The hyperparameters of the random forest models were tuned carefully in accordance with selected features, thereby facilitating a thorough evaluation of the improvement in prediction models. The findings of this study revealed that the addition of either actual or predicted modes resulted in improved imputation performance, albeit the former exhibited a stronger positive effect. This demonstrated the potential benefits of integrating mode detection and purpose identification into a continuous process. The newly adopted MFVP feature contributed to enhanced prediction results (around 2%). The proposed purpose-imputation models, which benefited from all features, demonstrated accuracies of the order of 75% and 85% for the Hanoi and Donate datasets, respectively. The imputation of home and work/education activities demonstrated high success, whereas reasonable prediction results with nearly all F-score levels ranging between 50% and 83% were observed for pick-up/drop-off, shopping/eating, visit/leisure, and business activities.
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Sysoenko, Irуna, and Dmytro Karliuka. "THE ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN INDICATORS OF INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE OF UKRAINE." Market Infrastructure, no. 66 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/infrastruct66-5.
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The implementation of Ukraine's social and economic development program requires significant funds. Domestic sources of funding are very limited and improve the economy to support vital areas of society. Therefore, the Government of Finance of Ukraine pays special attention to finding sources of economic development. One such source of funding is international technical assistance, the main task of which is to promote economic and social transformation in countries with economies in transition, including Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main indicators of international technical assistance to Ukraine. The article is devoted to the analysis of the main indicators of international technical assistance to Ukraine. In the article, the authors analyze and provide the number of international technical assistance projects by development partners. The article presents statistics on the number of international technical assistance projects by sector, namely law enforcement reform, energy efficiency, agriculture and land market development, education and science reform, judiciary, health care and reform, ecology and household waste management, development democracy and the electoral process, deregulation and development of entrepreneurship, development of trade and export potential. In the article, the authors examined the amount of international technical assistance provided by sector in accordance with the estimated cost of projects. In the article, the authors consider the amount of funds used for international technical assistance in the framework of existing projects in 2020 by development partners, namely from the European Union, Great Britain, the United States, Germany, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the United Nations , Canada, Nordic Environmental Finance Corporation, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, European Investment Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Japan, Denmark. The article presents statistical data on the amount of international technical assistance provided by forms of assistance, namely the purchase of vehicles, equipment, communication services, rent, software, business trips, conferences and media events, trainings, construction work, repairs, information services and consultations.