Academic literature on the topic 'Business cycles – Research'
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Journal articles on the topic "Business cycles – Research"
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Funk, Mark. "Business cycles and research investment." Applied Economics 38, no. 15 (August 20, 2006): 1775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840500427098.
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SPYCHAŁA, Joanna. "Regional business cycles in Poland." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 146 (2020): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.31.
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Purpose: The main goal of the considerations presented hereinbelow is a presentation of the course of action as well as an analysis of crucial features of cyclical fluctuations differentiated as entities in the Polish economy as well as in all provinces in the period of the first quarter of 2005 until the second quarter of 2019 based on the rate of the sold production of industry. Design/methodology/approach: A share of the respective regions in the structure of the sold production of industry was assessed. Finally, an attempt of assessing the rate of convergence in terms of morphology of a national chain with time chains of the respective regions was undertaken. In the thesis, a hypothesis is being stated that the most synchronised with the cycle of Poland are regions having the biggest share in the sold production of industry. Methodological bases of the research process as well as an empirical assessment of the regional business cycles in Poland were preceded by theoretical analyses concerning the notion, the core as well as the morphological features of the regional business fluctuations. Findings: Making an assessment of the progression of business cycle fluctuations of the economy of Poland as a whole as well as business cycle fluctuations of Polish provinces in the period between the first quarter 2005 and the second quarter of 2019, one may conclude the progression is not uniform. The variation depends to a large extent on the specificity of development of each region. Provinces which have a lower share in the national structure of the sold production of industry demonstrate higher sensitivity to economic shocks. The highest degree of compliance with the national cycle has been demonstrated in provinces with the highest rate of share in the structure of the sold production of industry. Research limitations/implications: The conducted research, as well as the obtained results might thus be a basis for taking up more extensive analyses in that field, comprising a discussion on the remaining morphological features of business cycles. Originality/value: Determining the course of cyclical fluctuations in Poland as well as in its respective provinces has been made.
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McCraw, Thomas K. "Schumpeter's Business Cycles as Business History." Business History Review 80, no. 2 (2006): 231–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500035479.
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Business Cycles was Joseph Schumpeter's least successful book, measured by its professed aims and several other yardsticks. Yet the book has two vital aspects that have largely been overlooked. First, the prodigious research that went into its writing caused a significant change in Schumpeter's thinking about capitalism. It moved him to a more historical and empirical approach that shaped nearly all his subsequent work. And second, much of the book constitutes a preview of modern, rigorous business history. This article explores both of these elements—not in the spirit of rescuing a neglected classic, because the book is not a classic. Instead, Business Cycles is a noble failure that paid unexpected dividends both to the author and to scholarship.
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Plosser, Charles I. "Understanding Real Business Cycles." Journal of Economic Perspectives 3, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.3.3.51.
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This brief essay is intended to provide readers with an introduction to the real business cycle approach to business fluctuations. It discusses the basic real business cycle framework; economic growth and business cycles; real business cycles and the 1954–1985 U.S. economy; government policies and suboptimal equilibrium; and the real business cycle research agenda. An appendix presents a more technical summary of the basic neoclassical model presented in the paper.
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Comin, Diego, and Mark Gertler. "Medium-Term Business Cycles." American Economic Review 96, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 523–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.523.
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Over the postwar period, many industrialized countries have experienced significant medium-frequency oscillations between periods of robust growth versus relative stagnation. Conventional business cycle filters, however, tend to sweep these oscillations into the trend. In this paper we explore whether they may, instead, reflect a persistent response of economic activity to the high-frequency fluctuations normally associated with the cycle. We define as the medium-term cycle the sum of the high- and medium-frequency variation in the data, and then show that these kinds of fluctuations are substantially more volatile and persistent than are the conventional measures. These fluctuations, further, feature significant procyclical movements in both embodied and disembodied technological change, and research and development (R&D), as well as the efficiency and intensity of resource utilization. We then develop a model of medium-term business cycles. A virtue of the framework is that, in addition to offering a unified approach to explaining the high- and medium-frequency variation in the data, it fully endogenizes the movements in productivity that appear central to the persistence of these fluctuations. For comparison, we also explore how well an exogenous productivity model can explain the facts.
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Duarte, Jefferson, and Nishad Kapadia. "Davids, Goliaths, and Business Cycles." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 52, no. 6 (December 2017): 2429–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109017000783.
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We show that a simple, intuitive variable, Goliath versus David (GVD), reflects time variation in discount rates related to changes in aggregate business conditions. GVD is the annual change in the weight of the largest 250 firms in the aggregate stock market and is motivated by research that shows that small firms are more severely impacted than large firms by economic shocks due to differences in access to external finance. We find that GVD is the best single predictor of out-of-sample market returns among traditional predictors, predicting quarterly market returns with an out-of-sampleR2of 6.3% in the 1976–2011 evaluation period.
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Pandey, Radhika, Ila Patnaik, and Ajay Shah. "Dating business cycles in India." Indian Growth and Development Review 10, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-02-2017-0013.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a chronology of Indian business cycles in the post-reform period. In India, earlier, macroeconomic shocks were about droughts and oil prices. Economic reforms have led to an interplay of a market economy, financial globalisation and decisions of private firms to undertake investment and hold inventory. This has changed the working of the business cycle and has raised concerns about business-cycle stabilisation. In the backdrop of these developments, the macroeconomics research agenda requires foundations of measurement about business-cycle phenomena. One element of this is the identification of dates of business-cycle turning points. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the growth-cycle approach to present the chronology of business cycles. The paper uses the Christiano–Fitzgerald (CF) filter to extract the cyclical component and shows the robustness of the findings to the contemporary methods of cycle extraction. It then applies the Bry–Boschan algorithm to identify the dates of peaks and troughs. Findings The paper finds three periods of recession. The first recession was from 1999-Q4 to 2003-Q1; the second recession was from 2007-Q2 to 2009-Q3; and the third recession ran from 2011-Q2 till 2012-Q4. These results are robust to the choice of filter and to the choice of the business-cycle indicator. These dates suggest that, on average, expansions in India are 12 quarters in length and recessions run for 9 quarters. The paper offers evidence of change in the nature of cycles. Originality/value Dates of business-cycle turning points are a critical input for academic and policy work in macroeconomics. The paper offers robust estimation of the business-cycle turning points in the post-reform period using contemporary techniques of cycle extraction. This work helps lay the foundations for downstream macroeconomics research by academicians and policymakers.
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Puu, Tönu. "Order and disorder in business cycles." Annals of Operations Research 37, no. 1 (December 1992): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02071055.
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Liow, Kim Hiang. "Linkages between cross-country business cycles, cross-country stock market cycles and cross-country real estate market cycles." Journal of European Real Estate Research 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-05-2015-0024.
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Purpose This research aims to investigate whether and to what extent the co-movements of cross-country business cycles, cross-country stock market cycles and cross-country real estate market cycles are linked across G7 from February 1990 to June 2014. Design/methodology/approach The empirical approaches include correlation analysis on Hodrick–Prescott (HP) cycles, HP cycle return spillovers effects using Diebold and Yilmaz’s (2012) spillover index methodology, as well as Croux et al.’s (2001) dynamic correlation and cohesion methodology. Findings There are fairly strong cycle-return spillover effects between the cross-country business cycles, cross-country stock market cycles and cross-country real estate market cycles. The interactions among the cross-country business cycles, cross-country stock market cycles and cross-country real estate market cycles in G7 are less positively pronounced or exhibit counter-cyclical behavior at the traditional business cycle (medium-term) frequency band when “pure” stock market cycles are considered. Research limitations/implications The research is subject to the usual limitations concerning empirical research. Practical implications This study finds that real estate is an important factor in influencing the degree and behavior of the relationship between cross-country business cycles and cross-country stock market cycles in G7. It provides important empirical insights for portfolio investors to understand and forecast the differential benefits and pitfalls of portfolio diversification in the long-, medium- and short-cycle horizons, as well as for research studying the linkages between the real economy and financial sectors. Originality/value In adding to the existing body of knowledge concerning economic globalization and financial market interdependence, this study evaluates the linkages between business cycles, stock market cycles and public real estate market cycles cross G7 and adds to the academic real estate literature. Because public real estate market is a subset of stock market, our approach is to use an original stock market index, as well as a “pure” stock market index (with the influence of real estate market removed) to offer additional empirical insights from two key complementary perspectives.
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Nuño, Galo. "Optimal research and development and the cost of business cycles." Journal of Economic Growth 16, no. 3 (April 26, 2011): 257–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10887-011-9063-4.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Business cycles – Research"
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van, den Hauwe Ludwig. "Foundations of business cycle research." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090012.
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"Différentes façons de conceptualiser les phénomènes cycliques en macroéconomie sont comparées et examinées sur le plan conceptuel. L´auteur explore plus particulièrement l´approche classique, " structuraliste ", monétaire, aussi connue comme " théorie autrichienne " et qui a bénéficié d´un regain d´intérêt de la part de la communauté académique récemment. L´auteur ajoute une dimension institutionnelle en effectuant une comparaison entre différents contextes institutionnels possibles, plus particulièrement par rapport aux tendances qu´ils peuvent manifester vers l´instabilité économique, la perturbation de l´équilibre intertemporel etc. La thèse contient plus particulièrement : un examen critique des arguments pour et contre le système bancaire concurrentiel aux réserves fractionnaires ; commentaire critique concernant une tentative récente d´incorporer certaines notions tirées de la théorie contemporaine du comportement devant le risque dans une théorie du cycle. Une attention particulière est également consacrée à des questions de méthodologie, et plus particulièrement : la légitimité de l´utilisation des notions de probabilité numérique ; la notion adéquate de " fondements microéconomiques " pour une théorie du cycle. "The dissertation contains a critical examination of different conceptualizations of cyclical phenomena in the macro-economy ; it provides an in-depth exploration of the classical, monetary approach, also know as the Austrian theory of the business cycle, which regained academic respectability recently. The author adds a comparative institutional dimension by comparing different institutional contexts, in particular with respect to the tendencies they may manifest towards economic instability, intertemporal discoordination etc. The thesis further contains : a critical examination of the arguments for and against fractional reserve free banking ; a critical comment about a recent attempt to incorporate notions drawn from the contemporary theory of the behavior towards risk in a theory of the business cycle. Particular attention is also given to methodological questions, such as : the legitimacy of the use of numerical probability concepts ; the quest for adequate micro-foundations for a theory of the business cycle
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Wang, Shi Zhao. "The large decline in output volatility : evidence from China : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce and Management at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1141.
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Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, China has experienced ten business cyclical fluctuations. The economic growth was characterized by erratic ups and downs which lasted for several decades. With the economic reform and opening up to the outside world in 1978 as part of Deng Xiaoping’s market-oriented policy, the Chinese economy grew exponentially and the volatility of the GDP growth rate declined significantly. The macroeconomic control policies in the 1980s prevented large fluctuations in the country’s economic development, and smoothed the output volatility further. This study examines the output volatility in China and our result reveals the standard deviation of quarterly output growth rate has declined dramatically. Using the CUSUM squares test and the Quandt-Andrews breakpoint test to identify unknown structure breaks, we identified two structural breaks: 1994:1 towards destabilization and 1998:1 towards stabilization. We then examine the stochastic process for GDP and the result shows that the decrease in volatility can be traced primarily to a decrease in the standard deviation of output shocks. Following this, we reached two other conclusions. First, there is a strong relationship between movements in output volatility and the movements in inflation volatility. Both output and inflation volatilities increased significantly during the third and fourth quarter of 1994 and both dropped sharply after 1996, which followed a similar path over the period. Second, using the standard decomposition of GDP, the decrease in output volatility can be traced to a decrease in the volatility of consumption, investment, and net export, especially rural consumption expenditure and residential investment.
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Papp, Timothy M. "CrashApp™ –Concurrent Multiple Stakeholder Evaluation of a DSR Artefact." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7074.
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The successful design, implementation, deployment, and use of mobile software applications is rare. While many mobile apps are developed, few succeed. This design science research project builds and evaluates CrashApp™, a mobile application that connects lawyers and clients before, during, and after car accidents. The effective, widespread use of this app depends on satisfying the needs of three groups of stakeholders – the end-users (clients), the owners (lawyers), and the software developers. The research objective is to investigate the key differences among the three stakeholder groups on evaluation criteria for mobile app success. Evaluation strategies and methods are selected to collect data that measures each group’s satisfaction with the constructed application artefact. Research contributions are the identification of multiple stakeholder groups and the ability to design rich evaluation strategies that provide measures of application success. Practice contributions are the design and development of a useful mobile app that provides needed services to the client and effective client connections for the law firm to interact with the clients. The project produced an instantiation of the design artefact CrashApp™ mobile application, which was evaluated with a naturalistic evaluation approach, including the following methods and techniques: focus groups, focused surveys, usability surveys, and real life tests and assessments.
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Kholodilin, Konstantin A. "Dynamic Factor Analysis as a Methodology of Business Cycle Research." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4043.
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El objetivo principal de la investigación emprendida en la presente tesis doctoral es elaborar una técnica de construcción de un indicador económico compuesto o un conjunto de dichos indicadores que, correspondiendo al concepto teorético del ciclo económico (comercial), permitirán detectar y predecir los puntos de giro del ciclo económico.Como el punto de partida hemos escogido la definición del ciclo económico propuesta por Burns y Mitchell (1946). Según nuestra opinión, el analisis dinámico factorial es el método idóneo para captar los puntos de giro del ciclo económico en el sentido de Burns y Mitchell. Por un lado, tiene en cuenta los movimientos comunes de varias series macroeconómicas que bajan y suben simultaneamente durante las fases de recesiones y expansiones, respectivamente. Por otro lado, refleja las asimetrías que existen entre las dos fases cíclicas, como, por ejemplo, las tasas de crecimiento y la volatilidad distintas durante las recesiones y expansiones. Ambos rasgos estan subrayados por Burns y Mitchell como características definitivas del ciclo económico.
El análisis dinámico factorial en su estado actual exige sin duda ciertas modificaciones y algunas extensiones para obtener las estimaciones insesgadas y consistentes de los indicadores económicos compuestos y para utilizar la información disponible de la mejor manera posible.
Nuestra investigación está dirigida, en primer lugar, hacia los economistas prácticos que han optado por utilizar el análisis dinámico factorial para la construcción del indicador del ciclo económico tanto a nivél regional como nacional.
La tesis esta compuesta por cinco capítulos donde el primer y el último capítulos son, respectivamente, la introducción y la conclusión. En ellos se exponen los objetivos del estudio y los resultados alcanzados en el curso de la investigación.
En el capítulo dos describimos varios metodos de análisis de las fluctuaciones económicas que han sido propuestos durante los últimos 20 años. Por un lado, consideramos los modelos con la dinámica nolineal, concretamente el cambio de regímenes o el Markov switching. Por otro lado, examinamos los modelos lineales del análisis dinámico factorial. Al final del capítulo analizamos el modelo del factor común latente con la dinámica nolineal (con cambios de regímenes) que está construido como una combinación de estos dos metodos principales.
En el capítulo tres introducimos un modelo general dinámico multifactorial con la dinámica lineal y nolineal. Este modelo permite captar la dimensión intertemporal (indicador avanzado versus indicador coincidente) de los factores comunes inobservables. Se examinan dos modelos dinámicos alternativos con un factor común inobservable avanzado y un factor común inobservable coincidente. En el primer modelo el factor común coincidente esta influido por el factor común avanzado a través del mecanismo de causalidad de Granger. Mientras que en el segundo modelo los dos factores estan relacionados via la matríz de las probabilidades de transición. Debido a que el factor avanzado contiene información sobre los cambios futuros de las fases cíclicas, ambos modelos permiten hacer predicciones de los puntos de giro del ciclo económico.
En el capítulo cuatro elaboramos las técnicas sumplementarias necesarias para resolver algunos problemas de datos que son bastante frecuentes en la actividad de un economista empírico. Los dos problemas más importantes son los cambios estructurales y la falta de observaciones, particularmente cuando los datos que estan disponibles con distintas frecuencias (por ejemplo: los datos mensuales y trimestrales). Estos problemas quiebran la continuidad de la serie temporal y reducen el número de observaciones válidas para el análisis estadístico. Se demuestra que estos problemas se resuelven modificando el modelo de análisis dinámico factorial, con lo que se obtienen estimaciones más eficientes de los parametros del modelo.
The main objective of our research undertaken in this thesis is to elaborate a technique of constructing a composite economic indicator or a set of such indicators which would correspond to the theoretical concept of business cycle and reflect a phenomenon which may be interpreted as the cyclical dynamics of the economy.
As a point of departure we have chosen the definition of business cycle proposed by Burns and Mitchell (1946). We believe that the most appropriate method to capture the Burns and Mitchell's cycle would be the dynamic factor analysis.
The dynamic factor analysis in its current state requires undoubtedly some refinements and extensions to obtain unbiased and consistent estimates of the composite economic indicators and to use the available information in the best possible way.
Our research is mostly oriented towards the practitioners who have opted for using the dynamic factor approach in the construction of the business cycle indicator both at the regional and national levels.
The thesis is comprised of five chapters where the first and the last chapters are the introduction and conclusion delineating the objectives of the study and summarizing the results achieved during research.
Chapter two describes various approaches to the analysis of economic fluctuations proposed during the last 20 years. On the one hand, it concentrates on models with nonlinear, namely Markov-switching, dynamics, on the other hand, it is concerned with dynamic factor models. Finally, it shows the combined techniques which unify these two principal approaches, thus, modeling common latent factor with regime-switching dynamics.
In chapter three we introduce a general multifactor dynamic model with linear and regime-switching dynamics. This model allows capturing the intertemporal (leading versus coincident) dimension of the latent common factors. Two alternative multifactor dynamic models with a leading and a coincident unobserved common factors are examined: a model where the common coincident factor is Granger-caused by the common leading factor and a model where the leading relationship is translated into a set of specific restrictions imposed on the transition probabilities matrix.
Chapter four concentrates on the supplementary devices which allow to overcome some data problems which are very frequent in the practitioner's life. Among the most prominent are the structural breaks and missing observations. It is shown that some of these troubles can be coped with by modifying the dynamic common factors models, which leads to more efficient estimates of the parameters of the models.
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Brichni, Manel. "Towards a continuous improvement cycle for knowledge capitalization : A case study at STMicroelectronics." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM026/document.
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À STMicroelectronics, l'équipe de Business Intelligence est confrontée à exploiter quotidiennement des données et des informations pour créer des rapports d'activité afin de superviser la production. Dans une telle organisation industrielle, les produits changent régulièrement et les données peuvent rapidement devenir obsolètes. Par conséquent, au fil du temps, le nombre de rapports crées est de plus en plus important, tandis que les connaissances sur leur création sont perdues. Ceci est illustré dans une évaluation qualitative et quantitative de la partie principale du système de connaissances à STMicroelectronics.Ainsi, des problèmes d'obsolescence, de duplication, de non-centralisation et de prolifération continuent à surgir. Ce travail doit, donc, répondre à la question de recherche générale suivante:Comment assurer une capitalisation continue des connaissances métier?Pour répondre à cette question, un cycle d'amélioration continue pour la capitalisation des connaissances est proposé. Son objectif est de capitaliser efficacement et en permanence les connaissances, tout en ciblant les besoins métier et assurant une solution évolutive. Un système de Business Intelligence pour la Business Intelligence (BI4BI) est proposé. Comme la connaissance est intégrée non seulement dans les systèmes et les outils, mais aussi détenue par les humains et leurs pratiques, notre solution de capitalisation de connaissances proposée implique aussi les utilisateurs et les organisations: elle propose de recueillir les points de vue des utilisateurs pour les intégrer dans la représentation des connaissances et dans notre système BI4BIAt STMicroelectronics, the Business Intelligence team is daily confronted to exploit data and information to create reports about manufacturing activities in order to supervise it. In such an industrial organization, products change regularly and data can quickly become obsolete. Consequently, over time, the number of created reports is highly growing, while knowledge about their creation is lost. This is shown in a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the main part of the STMicroelectronics' knowledge system.As a result, problems related to knowledge obsolescence, duplication, non-centralization and proliferation continuously arise. Therefore, this work addresses the general following research question:How to ensure a continuous expert knowledge capitalization?To answer this question, a continuous improvement cycle for knowledge capitalization is proposed. Its objective is to effectively and continuously capitalize expert knowledge while targeting business needs and providing an evolving solution. It is based on a Business Intelligence for Business Intelligence system (BI4BI). Since knowledge is embedded not only in systems and tools, but also in human minds and practices, our proposed knowledge capitalization solution also involves people and organizations: it proposes to collect users' feedbacks and insights to integrate them in knowledge representation and in our BI4BI tool
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Warsta, J. (Juhani). "Contracting in software business:analysis of evolving contract processes and relationships." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266005.
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Abstract
The relationships between software producing companies, their customers
and other parties involved have growing importance in the turbulent and
fast developing business environment of today. The software industry
itself is characterized by the Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS), tailored,
and Modified-Off-The-Shelf (MOTS) businesses modes. In this versatile
context of cooperation, financing and acquisitions demand exact details of
the ownership of the products, i.e. the Intellectual Property Rights of
these products and services. Legal forms and contracting procedures are
emerging as the critical issues for the development of the information
technology industry.
This study addresses the problem of how software contracting has been
approached and what concepts and models have been presented to understand
it. Further, the question of the role of inter-organisational
relationships (business-to-business) and intra-organisational process
evolution in software contracting is discussed. The domains of interest
and of relevance in this research are software development process,
business process, legal process, and the contracting process itself, and
the evolving interaction between these processes. The focus of this study
is especially on contracting and on analysing the process of contracting,
i.e. the dynamics, dependencies and elements of process related issues.
The empirical part of the study was completed by analysing twelve software
producing companies - eight were Finnish firms established in Silicon
Valley (USA) and the rest were local Finnish firms with international
operations. Based on the empirical findings, a software-contracting model
was elaborated to describe how the contracting processes form and evolve
in the context of software business. The model gives more understanding of
the evolving contract processes and relationships. Further, the research
produced concepts of how to manage contracting processes in the software
business.
Contributions of this study are, first, the well-defined model for
contracting process in a software developing company. The elaborated model
gives new insight into the elements, interrelationships and governance
structures included in the contracting process and the relationship
development between cooperating companies. Software companies can compare
their contractual situation with the model. This enables them to develop
their own processes further to respond to the present-day requirements.
Secondly, the study specifies and introduces three different generic
contracting networks for COTS, tailored, and MOTS business modes of
software developing companies. It was established that these three
business modes have similarities as well as differences in the application
of software contracting processes. The COTS business relied firmly on
multiform licensing practices, whereas the tailored business saw the
framework contract as the main contractual tool and interestingly the MOTS
business employed combinations of these two previous forms, i.e. both
licensing and framework contracts.
This study evoked some interesting future research prospects. In order to
create a more accurate overall view of the whole contracting process the
research should be continued and take the interplay of both customer and
supplier under closer scrutiny. Another important issue would be to
examine the contracts used in these different business modes from a strict
legal viewpoint and the possible transformation of the predominant legal
practices.
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Mobley, Frederick Leonard. "Behavioral Operations Management in Federal Governance." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1570.
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The environmental uncertainty of federal politics and acquisition outsourcing in competitive markets requires an adaptive decision-analysis structure. Practitioners oriented toward exclusively static methods face severe challenges in understanding qualitative aspects of organizational governance. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to examine and understand behavioral relationship attributes within intuitive, choice, judgment, or preference decision-making processes. The problem addressed in this study was the detrimental effects of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB), and social exchange theory (SET) on the acquisition management relationship The OCB, CCB, SET dictates that sound business development, relationship acumen, emotional intelligence and perceptiveness transcend pure numerical quantification. Exhibition of relationship-based attributes influence and drive long-term contractual relationships and the sustainability of business organizations.
The data collected included historical data and survey responses. Approximately 34,000 acquisition professionals comprised the population-sampling frame. The study sample consisted of 378 survey responses that yielded 294 qualifying respondents with 94 disqualifications that produced a 78% response rate. The Carnegie-Mellon behavioral survey guidelines underpinned questionnaire construction and affirmation of themes. Strauss and Corbin grounded theory and theme generation addressed behavioral decision making under the additive model that inform the development of an organizational social operations and business framework that accounts for intuitive judgment. The study may contribute to positive social change by orienting managers toward behavioral decision making, ensuring responsiveness to the public and federal governance
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Feger, Clément. "Nouvelles comptabilités au service des écosystèmes. Une recherche engagée auprès d'une entreprise du secteur de l'environnement." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0006/document.
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La lutte contre la destruction des écosystèmes et les efforts pour renforcer et renouveler les conditions de leur prise en charge collective reposent aujourd’hui sur trois fronts d’innovation disjoints : (1) la conception et l’utilisation de nouveaux outils d’évaluation des écosystèmes dans le champ de la conservation ; (2) le développement de nouvelles comptabilités socio-environnementales à l’échelle des organisations et (3) la mise à contribution des entreprises dans la protection du capital naturel. Cette thèse doctorale vise à les articuler en mobilisant la comptabilité comme pivot pour connecter les systèmes d’information écologique, les formes diverses d’organisation de l’action collective, et les initiatives et comptabilités des entreprises. Elle combine un travail de construction théorique et une recherche-intervention auprès d’une grande entreprise du secteur de l’environnement qui cherche à développer des activités de service dédiées à la qualité écologique des territoires. Nous proposons premièrement l’ouverture d’une nouvelle perspective d’innovation théorique et pratique, au croisement entre comptabilités et sciences de la conservation, et centrée sur la gestion collective de problèmes écologiques : le développement de « Comptabilités de Gestion pour les Ecosystèmes ». Nous montrons en quoi elles sont complémentaires de l’ensemble des autres types d’innovations comptables portant sur les écosystèmes. Nous proposons deuxièmement quatre grandes orientations organisationnelles et stratégiques pour penser et guider le développement de nouveaux modèles d’affaires de « services aux écosystèmes ». Afin de les compléter, nous ouvrons des pistes de conception de comptes et d’activités comptables pour accompagner une entreprise du secteur de l’environnement dans la négociation et la création collective de valeur écologique sur les territoires et dans la transformation de sa propre représentation et quantification de la valeurCurrent efforts to halt the destruction of the planet’s ecosystems and to reinforce and renew their collective management reside on three distinct innovation fronts: (1) the design and use of new ecosystem assessment tools by conservation scientists and practitioners; (2) the development of new social and environmental accounting frameworks and tools at the level of organization; (3) the contribution of the private sector to natural capital protection and maintenance. This doctoral thesis aims to relate these three domains of innovation to one another by mobilizing the accounting discipline as a pivot to connect ecological information systems and tools, diverse forms of collective action for ecosystem management, and private sector initiatives and accounting innovations. The thesis combines a work of theoretical construction with the results of an action-research conducted in an environmental sector company that seeks to develop new services specifically designed for the management of ecological systems. We first propose a new theoretical and practical perspective at the junction of accounting and conservation science centered on the collective management of ecological issues: the development of Management Accounting for Ecosystems. We show why and how they are complementary to all the other domains of ecosystem accounting innovation. Secondly, we introduce four organizational and strategic directions to think and guide the development of new “services to ecosystems” business models. To complement them, we suggest new accounts and accounting practices to help environmental sector companies negotiate and co-create ecological value with other stakeholders, and transform their own representation and quantification of corporate value
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Moran, Madeline Elyse. "An environmental and cost comparison between polypropylene plastic drinking straws and a "greener" alternative: An Oberlin case study." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1526393902586631.
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CERQUEIRA, Pedro Andre. "Business cycle synchronization and international risk sharing." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6936.
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Defence date: 14 May 2007Examining board: Prof. Mike Artis, University of Manchester, Supervisor ; Prof. Anindya Banerjee, EUI ; Prof. Jean Imbs, HEC Lausanne ; Dr Ayhan Kose, International Monetary Fund
Originally, the term business cycle referred to combination of periods of economic expansion and decline, however the concept has been enlarged to include fluctuations of growth around the trend, that is, combinations of periods when growth is higher than the long-term growth with periods when it is lower.
Books on the topic "Business cycles – Research"
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Jacobs, Jan. Econometric business cycle research. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1998.
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Econometric business cycle research. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1998.
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F, Cooley Thomas, ed. Frontiers of Business Cycle Research. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press, 1995.
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1932-, Oppenländer Karl Heinrich, Poser Günter, and Nerb Gernot, eds. The use of business survey data: New insights. Munich: Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys, 1993.
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Pierre-Yves, Hénin, ed. Advances in business cycle research: With application to the French and US economies. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1999.
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Stiglitz, Joseph E. Endogenous growth and cycles. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.
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Rebelo, Sergio. Real business cycle models: Past, present, and future. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
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C, Keene Jon, ed. New business and finance research developments. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2007.
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University of Manchester. Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research. Conference. Growth and business cycles in theory and practice: Proceedings of the Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research Conference, July 2000. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2001.
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Kulla, Bernd. Die Anfänge der empirischen Konjunkturforschung in Deutschland 1925-1933. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Business cycles – Research"
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Bec, Frédérique. "The International Transmission of Real Business Cycles." In Advances in Business Cycle Research, 143–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57817-5_5.
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Hairault, Jean-Olivier. "Presentation and Evaluation of the Real Business Cycles Approach." In Advances in Business Cycle Research, 21–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57817-5_2.
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Kenc, Turalay, and Mehmet Fatih Ekinci. "Business Cycles and Energy Real Options Valuation." In Applied Operations Research and Financial Modelling in Energy, 173–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84981-8_9.
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Ikeda, Eri. "Summary, conclusions, theoretical and policy implications, and avenues for future research." In Global Business Cycles and Developing Countries, 94–104. First Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322495-6.
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Anderson, Edward G., and Charles H. Fine. "Business Cycles and Productivity in Capital Equipment Supply Chains." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 381–415. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4949-9_13.
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Guerard, John B. "Mr. Geoffrey Moore and NBER Business Cycle Research." In The Leading Economic Indicators and Business Cycles in the United States, 101–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99418-1_5.
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Guerard, John B. "Mr. Victor Zarnowitz and Economic Forecasting, and NBER Business Cycle Research." In The Leading Economic Indicators and Business Cycles in the United States, 125–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99418-1_6.
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Guerard, John B. "Wesley Clair Mitchell: The Advent of U.S. And NBER Business Cycle Research." In The Leading Economic Indicators and Business Cycles in the United States, 23–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99418-1_2.
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Post, Ruben, Iris Beerepoot, Xixi Lu, Stijn Kas, Sebastiaan Wiewel, Angelique Koopman, and Hajo Reijers. "Active Anomaly Detection for Key Item Selection in Process Auditing." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 167–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98581-3_13.
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AbstractProcess mining allows auditors to retrieve crucial information about transactions by analysing the process data of a client. We propose an approach that supports the identification of unusual or unexpected transactions, also referred to as exceptions. These exceptions can be selected by auditors as “key items”, meaning the auditors wants to look further into the underlying documentation of the transaction. The approach encodes the traces, assigns an anomaly score to each trace, and uses the domain knowledge of auditors to update the assigned anomaly scores through active anomaly detection. The approach is evaluated with three groups of auditors over three cycles. The results of the evaluation indicate that the approach has the potential to support the decision-making process of auditors. Although auditors still need to make a manual selection of key items, they are able to better substantiate this selection. As such, our research can be seen as a step forward with respect to the usage of anomaly detection and data analysis in process auditing.
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Hagemann, Harald. "The Formation of Research Institutes on Business Cycles in Europe in the Interwar Period: The “Kiel School” and (In)Voluntary Internationalization." In Political Economy and International Order in Interwar Europe, 361–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47102-6_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Business cycles – Research"
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MURARU, Andreea. "CO-MOVEMENT AND SYNCHRONICITY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL CYCLES IN ROMANIA AND OTHER EEMS." In 18th International Conference on INFORMATICS in ECONOMY. Education, Research and Business Technologies. Bucharest University of Economic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12948/ie2019.07.04.
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Galimberti, Maurício F., Jean R. Hauck, José Eduardo De Lucca, and Sérgio Peters. "Towards a Business Process Automation Office Model: Action Research in Higher Education Institution." In Workshop de Computação Aplicada em Governo Eletrônico. Sociedade Brasileira da Computação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wcge.2022.222499.
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The main objective of this paper is to propose and apply a Business Process Automation Office Model to public institutions. A preliminary model is developed and improved through its application in a public Higher Education Institution. This research uses a multi-method scientific approach. A Systematic Literature Mapping is applied to identify the state of the art about Centers of Excellence involved in the automation of business processes. After that, the proposed model is then refined in three cycles of an Action Research. The main contributions are to offer a processes office model focused in process automation. The preliminary results with BPMS demonstrate greater flexibility to processes updating to public institutions.
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Boissie, Kevin, Thomas Vigier, Marc Zolghadri, and Sid-Ali Addouche. "Business Intelligence and Obsolescence Engineering: Prediction, Performance and Innovation, Linked Destinies." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-66734.
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Abstract This paper establishes the process in which resilience leads to obsolescence requires a close link between information literacy in one’s sector (industrial and economic) and the ability to anticipate changes (technical and sectoral). Based on an industrial case study, in the automotive manufacturing sector, it is intended to be an engineering analysis in industrial technology with the aim of demonstrating that there is a new axis of reflection, allowing a better performance of the company. This research applies to the life cycles that we have defined and which are sections of the global life cycle. Links are demonstrated between the economic risks to the different types of obsolescence. This article addresses a new research axis in business intelligence, for the benefit of a better technological and industrial management, but also, a new source of data collection to predict market developments, support decision making and the implementation of strategic development plans.
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Schaffer, Norman, Martin Engert, Girts Leontjevs, and Helmut Krcmar. "A tool to model and simulate dynamic business models." In Enabling Technology for a Sustainable Society. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-362-3.16.
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Software tools hold great promise to support the modeling, analyzing, and innovation of business models. Current tools only focus on the design of business models and do not incorporate the complexity of existing interdependencies between business model components. These tools merely allow simulating inherent dynamics within the models or different strategic decision scenarios. In this research, we use design science research to develop a prototype that is capable of modeling and simulating dynamic business models. We use system dynamics as a simulation approach and containers to allow deployment as web applications. This paper represents the first of three design cycles, realizing six out of 59 requirements that are collected from the literature on software tools for business models. We contribute toward the design of novel artifacts for business model innovation as well as their evaluation. Future research can use these results to build tools that consider and address the complexity of business models. Lastly, we present several options for extending the proposed tool in the future.
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Sulushash, Jumasheva, Adilkhanov Madiyar, and Yuldashev Dilshat. "ASSESSMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN." In Proceedings of the XXVI International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25022021/7416.
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The relevance of the research topic is due to the growing interest in public-private partnership (PPP) in the business cycles of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the largest countries of the world and state institutions. Today it becomes obvious that without an interesting partnership of state and municipal authorities with representatives of private business, it is impossible to achieve the highest stable rates of development of the country. The article reveals the content of public-private partnership, examines the features of its formation and development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The conditions for effective public-private partnership have been identified. The article indicates that the ongoing programs to stimulate entrepreneurship through PPP have a positive effect, but a number of problems remain. Based on the results of the PPP assessment in Kazakhstan, directions for improving this type of cooperation have been identified.
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Bakke, Christine, and Rena Sakai. "Using Design-Based Research to Layer Career-Like Experiences onto Software Development Courses." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4998.
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Aim/Purpose: This research aims to describe layering of career-like experiences over existing curriculum to improve perceived educational value. Background: Feedback from students and regional businesses showed a clear need to in-crease student’s exposure to career-like software development projects. The initial goal was to develop an instructor-optional project that could be used in a single mid-level programming course; however, the pilot quickly morphed into a multi-year study examining the feasibility of agile projects in a variety of settings. Methodology: Over the course of four years, an agile project was honed through repeated Design Based Research (DBR) cycles of design, implementation, testing, communication, and reflective analysis. As is common with DBR, this study did not follow single methodology design; instead, analysis of data coupled with review of literature led to exploration and testing of a variety of methodologies. The review phase of each cycle included examination of best practices and methodologies as determined by analysis of oral and written comments, weekly journals, instructor feedback, and surveys. As a result of participant feedback, the original project was expanded to a second project, which was tested in another Software Engineering (SE) course. The project included review and testing of many academic and professional methodologies, such as Student Ownership of Learning, Flipped Classroom, active learning, waterfall, agile, Scrum, and Kanban. The study was homogenous and quasi-experimental as the population consisted solely of software engineering majors taking required courses; as based on validity of homogenous studies, class sizes were small, ranging from 8 to 20 students. Close interactions between respondents and the instructor pro-vided interview-like settings and immersive data capture in a natural environment. Further, the iterative development practices of DBR cycles, along with the inclusion of participants as active and valued stakeholders, was seen to align well with software development practitioner practices broadly known as agile. Contribution: This study is among the first to examine layering a career-like software development project on top of a course through alteration of traditional delivery, agile development, and without supplanting existing material. Findings: In response to industry recommendations for additional career-like experiences, a standalone agile capstone-like project was designed that could be layered over an existing course. Pilot data reflected positive perceptions of the project, although students did not have enough time to develop a working prototype in addition to completing existing course materials. Participant feedback led to simultaneous development of a second, similar project. DBR examination of both projects resulted in a simplified design and the ability to develop a working prototype, if and only if the instructor was willing to make adjustments to delivery. After four years, a solution was developed that is both stable and flexible. The solution met the original charge in that it required course delivery, not course material, to be adjusted. It is critical to note that when a working prototype is desired, a portion of the lecture should be flipped allowing more time for guided instruction through project-focused active learning and study group requirements. The results support agile for standalone software development projects, as long as passive delivery methods are correspondingly reduced. Recommendations for Practitioners: Based on the findings, implementation of a career-like software development project can be well received as long as active learning components are also developed. Multiple cycles of DBR are recommended if future researchers wish to customize instructional delivery and develop complex software development projects. Programming instructors are recommended to explore hybrid delivery to support development of agile career-like experiences. Small class sizes allowed the researchers to maintain an interview-like setting throughout the study and future studies with larger classes are recommended to include additional subject matter experts such as graduate students as inter-action with a subject matter expert was highly valued by students. Recommendations for Researchers: Researchers are recommended to further examine career-like software development experiences that combine active learning with agile methods; more studies following agile and active learning are needed to address the challenges faced when complex software development is taught in academic settings. Further testing of standalone agile project development has now occurred in medium sized in person classes, online classes, independent studies, and creative works research settings; however, further research is needed. Future re-search should also examine the implementation of agile projects in larger class sizes. Increasing class size should be coupled with additional subject matter experts such as graduate students. Impact on Society: This study addresses professional recommendations for development of agile career-like experiences at the undergraduate level. This study provides empirical evidence of programming projects that can be layered over existing curriculum, with no additional cost to the students. Initial feedback from local businesses and graduates, regarding agile projects with active learning, has been positive. The area business that refused to hire our underprepared SE graduates has now hired several. Future Research: Future research should explore layering agile projects over a broader range of software development courses. Feedback from hiring professionals and former students has been positive. It is also recommended that DBR be used to develop career-like experiences for online programming courses.
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Iesalnieks, Kaspars. "Business cycle management and companies performance: inventory management." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.042.
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Purpose – the purpose of the research paper is to observe and analyse how major companies in the the Baltic States behave during the last business cycle in terms of inventory management in order to identify different inventory management strategies. Research methodology – statistical analysis from year 2007 to year 2012 encompassing 1387 largest businesses in the Baltics by their operating revenue. In the research paper clustering and mainly comparison methods are applied. Findings – research paper shows that major companies in Baltic States mainly behave cyclically and there has been little evidence of industries behaving counter-cyclically during anticipation of recession however there has been some indication of industries that increase inventories in anticipation of recovery mainly in Latvia. Research limitations – time, geography and scope limitations in terms of financial indicator that in the future research by the author needs to be addressed in order to provide a holistic view on the issue. Research implications – research paper demonstrates that various industries adapt different strategies during the business cycle and there are differences both on country and industry levels. Originality – first paper that analyses in-scope major Baltic state companies behaviours during the last business cycle on both country and industry level.
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Buchanan, Edward R., and Regina B. Celin. "Fatigue Strength Enhancement Using Shape Memory Alloy Bushings." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-316.
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In recent years, there have been a number of failures of aircraft engine and structural components which are believed to have resulted from the accumulation of fatigue damage. The treatment of such damage is therefore of great significance from the standpoints of increased reliability and extended usage. This paper presents the initial results of a program to evaluate a new process for the repair of fatigue-damaged aircraft engine components. In this process, the fatigue-damaged area is drilled out and replaced with a bushing manufactured from a new class of material called a ‘shape memory’ alloy. This material has the capability to expand in place following insertion, thus placing the surrounding material into compression. A significant improvement in low cycle fatigue life was observed at 288°C in Ti-6Al-4V specimens treated with the above technique. The degree of improvement is about twice that which was obtained with a mechanical cold expansion technique used commercially to extend fatigue life. The degree of improvement of the subject process is greater at high numbers of cycles than at low numbers of cycles. The subject project was funded as a Phase I Small Business Innovation Research award administered by the U.S. Naval Air Propulsion Center. Additional work in this area is planned which will a) identify the process parameters which will optimize the properties of shape memory alloy bushings, b) define the properties of shape memory alloy bushings over a wide range of temperature and loading conditions, and c) evaluate the effect in actual turbine engine hardware in a simulated engine environment.
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Scott, Elsje, Terrina Govender, and Nata van der Merwe. "The X-Factor of Cultivating Successful Entrepreneurial Technology-Enabled Start-Ups." In InSITE 2016: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Lithuania. Informing Science Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3445.
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In the fast changing global economic landscape, the cultivation of sustainable entrepreneurial ventures is seen as a vital mechanism that will enable businesses to introduce new innovative products to the market faster and more effectively than their competitors. This research paper investigated phenomena that may play a significant role when entrepreneurs implement creative ideas resulting in successful technology enabled start-ups within the South African market place. Constant and significant changes in technology provide several challenges for entrepreneurship. Various themes such as innovation, work experience, idea generation, education and partnership formation have been explored to assess their impact on entrepreneurship. Reflection and a design thinking approach underpinned a rigorous analysis process to distill themes from the data gathered through semi structured interviews. From the findings it was evident that the primary success influencers include the formation of partnership, iterative cycles, and certain types of education. The secondary influencers included the origination of an idea, the use of innovation. and organizational culture as well as work experience. This research illustrates how Informing Science as a transdisicpline can provide a philosophical underpinning to communicate and synthesise ideas from constituent disciplines in an attempt to create a more cohesive whole. This diverse environment, comprising people, technology, and business, requires blending different elements from across diverse fields to yield better science. With this backdrop, this preliminary study provides an important foundation for further research in the context of a developing country where entrepreneurial ventures may have a socio-economical impact. The themes that emerged through this study could provide avenues for further research.
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, Hugo Rourke, and Hannu Vanharanta. "The Scandinavian Democratic Governmental Support Model for Start-Ups and Innovations (SDeGMSI)." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001528.
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Regional and national development has always been impacted with the synchronisation of the public and the private sector. The growth of privately owned enterprises contributes significantly to the national economy, employment and prosperity, but also to the national pride, brand name and reputation for further investments to be made in a country. Therefore the support of the public sector to the development of the private sector is mandatory for the public sector to keep its private sector and avoid a catastrophic brain drain. Scandinavia is one of the regions with remarkable achievements in innovation, science, technology and economy compared to its size, as league of nations and population with other countries or regions. This paper attempts to identify the main elements of the unique Scandinavian government business policy formula for innovation startup success, particularly in Sweden and Finland, which has been key in creating a region with an incredibly high density of “unicorns” (BN$ companies per capita), second to Silicon Valley.The paper has used a research methodology which is based on primary research taking the form of interviews and surveys, along with secondary research based on existing academic literature.The research conducted in this paper identifis and analyses tax structures, government favors, human resource bases, public private partnerships, social safety nets, venture capital and investment infrastructures, R&D investments, and business support systems available to entrepreneurs of the Scandinavian countries. Having identified such key elements, the paper propose a more globally applicable public sector model for the support and encouragement of startups, and business innovation. The model named Scandinavian Democratic Governmental Support Model for Start-Ups and Innovations (SDeGMSI) is based on the practices of Scandinavian governments, while also accounting factors such as cultural values, performance of local economies, and demographic characteristics. The democratic concept in the development of this model is supported by the Company Democracy Model, another Scandinavian innovation management model, and is critical for the fair and unbiased support of the government to all the organizations and startups that can demonstrate significant and valuable intellectual capital for the economy and the society. SDeGSISM is characterized by its triple-pyramid for public support of startups and Innovation and can be used to help develop more internationally competitive economies through the establishment of a series of publicly enforced innovation supports and changes to the business environment. The three interrelated pyramids of the model represent the levels of support provided by the government to start-ups (reversed pyramid 1), the types of organisations across which said support is distributed (pyramid 2), and the impact that support, once applied to start-ups, should have on an economic level (reversed pyramid 3). The pyramids, organised by volume of support provided, disruptive potential of businesses, and scale of impact, respectively, provide an indication and an assessment on how governments are aligned with the Nordic model for entrepreneurial support.Furthermore, structures, practices and metrics available in the model support the creation of more dynamic economies which favor market development and disruption over the continued market dominance of incumbents. The “market-favoring” economies which this model seeks to both encourage and foster are more conducive to economic dynamism and create greater opportunities for investors, as cycles of market disruption increases the potential for widespread returns.The paper indicates limitations on the proposed model and identifies areas of further research for future development and applications.
Reports on the topic "Business cycles – Research"
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Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús, and Pablo Guerrón-Quintana. Uncertainty Shocks and Business Cycle Research. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26768.
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Hartle, Jennifer C., Ossama (Sam) A. Elrahman, Cara Wang, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Yue Ding, and Matt McGahan. Assessing Public Health Benefits of Replacing Freight Trucks with Cargo Cycles in Last Leg Delivery Trips in Urban Centers. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1952.
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Increased urbanization, population growth, and demand for time-sensitive deliveries means increased freight movement in cities, which contributes to emissions, noise, and safety concerns. One innovative mode gaining widespread attention for urban deliveries is cargo cycles—bicycles adapted for freight delivery. Despite the recognized potential and possible success of transporting at least 25% of freight via cycle, research remains limited. This research investigates the potential of cargo cycle delivery for last mile freight in Oakland, California, with a focus on the West Oakland neighborhood. The data collection included interviews, focus groups, vehicle field observation and counts, and traffic simulation modeling. The traffic simulation examined scenarios where businesses converted different percentages of current deliveries to cargo cycles using a transfer hub as the starting point for their cargo cycle delivery. The best-case scenario—where the maximum percentage of deliveries were made with cargo cycle instead of motorized vehicles—resulted in reductions of 2600 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per day. In that case scenario, the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction is equivalent to a reduction in emissions of PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and reactive organic gas (ROG) of taking about 1000 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. In the worst-case scenario, with a significantly smaller percentage of motorized package deliveries converted to cargo cycles, there is a reduction of 160 VMT, equivalent to the removal of approximately 80 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. This potential reduction in air pollution and traffic congestion, as well as job creation, would benefit West Oakland residents.
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Guo, Xingzhou, Chi Tian, Jinwu Xiao, Yunfeng Chen, and Jiansong Zhang. Life Cycle Integration of Building Information Modeling in Infrastructure Projects. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317356.
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Building Information Modeling (BIM) can provide solutions to many challenges of asset management, such as missing data, incompatible software, and an unclear business process. However, current implementation of BIM in infrastructure projects has only considers limited factors, such as technology application and digital information delivery, while issues of system compatibility and information needs are still missing. Different aspects of a business are interdependent and an incompatible development of various factors might result in different levels of BIM implementation or even project failure. Comprehensive research is needed to explore the key factors and challenges of BIM implementation in infrastructure projects. This study conducted interviews and surveys with key stakeholders of infrastructure projects to explore the challenges and potential solutions of BIM implementation. Interviews were conducted with 37 professionals and surveys were conducted with 102 professional stakeholders, including owners, designers, contractors, and software vendors. Four main factors, challenges, and potential solutions were identified from content analysis of the interviews and further validated by the surveys. These factors include process factor (when), technology factor (how), people factor (who), and information factor (what). Corresponding solutions are proposed to refine the current workflow and practices.
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Соловйов, Володимир Миколайович, and А. В. Батир. Порівняльний аналіз рекурентних мір та методу Лемпеля-Зіва як засобів оцінки складності фінансово-економічних систем. Хмельницький економічний університет, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1181.
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У роботі порівняно методи оцінки складності, визначено їх дієвість за допомогою сигналів різної природи та розглянуто зміни детермінованості фінансово-економічної системи протягом різних фаз бізнес-циклу. Перевірено ефективність методів на прикладі історичних значень індексу фондового ринку. В работе осуществлен сравнительный анализ методов оценки сложности, определена их работоспособность с помощью сигналов разной природы и рассмотрены изменения детерминированности финансово-экономической системы в течении разных фаз бизнес-цикла. Произведена проверка эффективности методов на примере исторических значений индекса фондового рынка. Current research compares methods of evaluating complexity, identifies their effectiveness using of various test signals and examines the changes in determinacy of economic systems during different phases of the business cycle. The approaches have also been tested on historical values of stock indices.
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Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright, and Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.
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Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.
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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu, and Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.
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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.
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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.