Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bushfires

Academic literature on the topic 'Bushfires'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Bushfires"

Bandara, Sahan, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, and Pathmanathan Rajeev. "Bushfire Management Strategies: Current Practice, Technological Advancement and Challenges." Fire 6, no. 11 (November 3, 2023): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6110421.

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Bushfires are classified as catastrophic disasters capable of inflicting significant destruction. The key detrimental consequences of bushfires include the loss of human lives, trauma within communities, economic losses and environmental damage. For example, the estimated economic loss from the September 2019 to March 2020 bushfires in New South Wales (Australia) was about AUD 110 billion, including more than 3000 burned houses. There has been a notable increase in both the frequency and intensity of bushfires, as clearly demonstrated by recent bushfire events. Bushfires are an intricate phenomenon that transpires across various spatial and temporal scales. Further, the changing circumstances of landscapes, vegetation patterns, weather conditions and ecosystems account for the complexity. Therefore, continual attention is essential for the development of bushfire management strategies. In this context, this paper undertakes a comprehensive literature review of bushfire management strategies, encompassing aspects such as bushfire prediction, detection, suppression and prevention. Based on the review, a bushfire management framework is proposed that can eliminate or successfully mitigate the consequences of bushfires. Further, the paper delves into the domains of fire weather conditions, the initiation of bushfires and the adverse consequences stemming from these fires. Both terrestrial and aerial remote sensing methods have proven to be effective in predicting and detecting bushfires. Nevertheless, a simple unique solution cannot be proposed for bushfire management. Changing weather conditions, topography and the geographic mix of asset types need to be considered when deciding on bushfire management strategies and their breadth and depth of application.

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Perera, Kithsiri, Ryutaro Tateishi, Kondho Akihiko, and Srikantha Herath. "A Combined Approach of Remote Sensing, GIS, and Social Media to Create and Disseminate Bushfire Warning Contents to Rural Australia." Earth 2, no. 4 (October 6, 2021): 715–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2040042.

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Bushfires are an integral part of the forest regeneration cycle in Australia. However, from the perspective of a natural disaster, the impact of bushfires on human settlements and the environment is massive. In Australia, bushfires are the most disastrous natural hazards. According to the records of the Parliament of Australia, the recent catastrophic bushfires in NSW and Victoria burnt out over 10 million hectares of land, a figure more significant than any previous bushfire damage on record. After the deadly 2009 Black Saturday bushfires, which killed 173 people in Victoria, public attention to bushfires reached a new peak. Due to the disastrous consequences of bushfires, scientists have explored various methods to mitigate or even avoid bushfire damage, including the use of bushfire alerts. The present study adds satellite imagery and GIS-based semi-real-time bushfire contents to various bushfire warnings issued by government authorities. The new product will disseminate graphical bushfire contents to rural Australians through social media, using Google Maps. This low-cost Media GIS content can be delivered through highly popular smartphone networks in Australia through social media (Facebook and Twitter). We expect its success to encourage people to participate in disaster mitigation efforts as contributors in a participatory GIS network. This paper presents a case study to demonstrate the production process and the quality of media GIS content and further discusses the potential of using social media through the mobile network of Australia while paying attention to mobile blackspots. Media GIS content has the potential to link with the public information systems of local fire management services, disseminate contents through a mobile app, and develop into a fully automated media GIS content system to expand the service beyond bushfires.

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Visner, Michael, Sara Shirowzhan, and Chris Pettit. "Spatial Analysis, Interactive Visualisation and GIS-Based Dashboard for Monitoring Spatio-Temporal Changes of Hotspots of Bushfires over 100 Years in New South Wales, Australia." Buildings 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020037.

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The 2019–2020 bushfire season is estimated to be one of the worst fire seasons on record in Australia, especially in New South Wales (NSW). The devastating fire season ignited a heated public debate on whether prescribed burning is an effective tool for preventing bushfires, and how the extent of bushfires has been changing over time. The objective of this study is to answer these questions, and more specifically to identify how bushfire patterns have changed in the last 100 years in NSW. To do so, we conducted a spatio-temporal analysis on prescribed burns and bushfires using a 100-year dataset of bushfires. More specifically, three research questions were developed, with each one of them addressed differently. First, generalised linear modelling was applied to assess the changes in fire patterns. Second, a correlation analysis was conducted to examine whether prescribed burns are an effective tool for reducing bushfire risk. Third, a spatio-temporal analysis was applied to the bushfire location data to explore spatio-temporal clusters of high and low values for bushfires, known as hotspots and coldspots, respectively. The study found that the frequency of bushfires has increased over time; however, it did not identify a significant trend of change in their size. Based on the results of this study for the relationship between prescribed burns and bushfires, it seems impossible to determine whether prescribed burns effectively reduce bushfire risk. Thus, further analysis with a larger amount of data is required in the future. The results of the spatio-temporal analysis showed that cold spots are propagated around metropolitan areas such as Sydney, while hotspots are concentrated in rural areas such as the North Coast and South Coast regions of NSW. The analysis found four statistical areas that have become new bushfire frequency hotspots in the 2019–2020 bushfire season. These areas combined have about 40,000 residents and at least 13,000 built dwellings. We suggest that further analysis is needed in the field to determine if there is a pattern of movement of bushfire towards metropolitan areas. To make the results of this research accessible to the public, an online interactive GIS-based dashboard was developed. The insight gained from the spatial and temporal analyses in this research is crucial to making smarter decisions on allocating resources and developing preventive or mitigating strategies.

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He, Wanqin, Sara Shirowzhan, and Christopher James Pettit. "GIS and Machine Learning for Analysing Influencing Factors of Bushfires Using 40-Year Spatio-Temporal Bushfire Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11060336.

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The causes of bushfires are extremely complex, and their scale of burning and probability of occurrence are influenced by the interaction of a variety of factors such as meteorological factors, topography, human activity and vegetation type. An in-depth understanding of the combined mechanisms of factors affecting the occurrence and spread of bushfires is needed to support the development of effective fire prevention plans and fire suppression measures and aid planning for geographic, ecological maintenance and urban emergency management. This study aimed to explore how bushfires, meteorological variability and other natural factors have interacted over the past 40 years in NSW Australia and how these influencing factors synergistically drive bushfires. The CSIRO’s Spark toolkit has been used to simulate bushfire burning spread over 24 h. The study uses NSW wildfire data from 1981–2020, combined with meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, wind speed), vegetation data (NDVI data, vegetation type) and topography (slope, soil moisture) data to analyse the relationship between bushfires and influencing factors quantitatively. Machine learning-random forest regression was then used to determine the differences in the influence of bushfire factors on the incidence and burn scale of bushfires. Finally, the data on each influence factor was imported into Spark, and the results of the random forest model were used to set different influence weights in Spark to visualise the spread of bushfires burning over 24 h in four hotspot regions of bushfire in NSW. Wind speed, air temperature and soil moisture were found to have the most significant influence on the spread of bushfires, with the combined contribution of these three factors exceeding 60%, determining the spread of bushfires and the scale of burning. Precipitation and vegetation showed a greater influence on the annual frequency of bushfires. In addition, burn simulations show that wind direction influences the main direction of fire spread, whereas the shape of the flame front is mainly due to the influence of land classification. Besides, the simulation results from Spark could predict the temporal and spatial spread of fire, which is a potential decision aid for fireproofing agencies. The results of this study can inform how fire agencies can better understand fire occurrence mechanisms and use bushfire prediction and simulation techniques to support both their operational (short-term) and strategic (long-term) fire management responses and policies.

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Adedokun, Olufisayo, Temitope Egbelakin, Thayaparan Gajendran, and Willy Sher. "Input-Process-Output of decision-making framework during bushfire." October 2023 10.47389/38, No 4 (October 2023): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/38.4.77.

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Australia has been grappling with recurring bushfires for over a century, significantly affecting the landscape and communities. Despite this, there has been an increase in residents moving into high-risk bushfire areas. This study aimed to develop a framework that could guide householder decision-making regarding self-evacuation during bushfires by identifying the incentives that encourage early evacuation. The study used a qualitative approach and 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents in the southeast part of New South Wales; a region hardest hit during the 2019–20 summer bushfire season. Thirteen potential incentives that motivate self-evacuation were identified. The framework provides valuable insights into how incentives could influence residents’ decision-making during bushfires. In addition, it serves as a useful reference for policymakers, fire services and emergency management organisations when creating effective ways to encourage early self-evacuation and, ultimately, reduce injury and fatality.

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Partheepan, Shouthiri, Farzad Sanati, and Jahan Hassan. "Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Bushfire Management: Challenges and Opportunities." Drones 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7010047.

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The intensity and frequency of bushfires have increased significantly, destroying property and living species in recent years. Presently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology advancements are becoming increasingly popular in bushfire management systems because of their fundamental characteristics, such as manoeuvrability, autonomy, ease of deployment, and low cost. UAVs with remote-sensing capabilities are used with artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep-learning algorithms to detect fire regions, make predictions, make decisions, and optimize fire-monitoring tasks. Moreover, UAVs equipped with various advanced sensors, including LIDAR, visual, infrared (IR), and monocular cameras, have been used to monitor bushfires due to their potential to provide new approaches and research opportunities. This review focuses on the use of UAVs in bushfire management for fire detection, fire prediction, autonomous navigation, obstacle avoidance, and search and rescue to improve the accuracy of fire prediction and minimize their impacts on people and nature. The objective of this paper is to provide valuable information on various UAV-based bushfire management systems and machine-learning approaches to predict and effectively respond to bushfires in inaccessible areas using intelligent autonomous UAVs. This paper aims to assemble information about the use of UAVs in bushfire management and to examine the benefits and limitations of existing techniques of UAVs related to bushfire handling. However, we conclude that, despite the potential benefits of UAVs for bushfire management, there are shortcomings in accuracy, and solutions need to be optimized for effective bushfire management.

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Sharma, Saroj Kumar, Jagannath Aryal, and Abbas Rajabifard. "Remote Sensing and Meteorological Data Fusion in Predicting Bushfire Severity: A Case Study from Victoria, Australia." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071645.

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The extent and severity of bushfires in a landscape are largely governed by meteorological conditions. An accurate understanding of the interactions of meteorological variables and fire behaviour in the landscape is very complex, yet possible. In exploring such understanding, we used 2693 high-confidence active fire points recorded by a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor for nine different bushfires that occurred in Victoria between 1 January 2009 and 31 March 2009. These fires include the Black Saturday Bushfires of 7 February 2009, one of the worst bushfires in Australian history. For each fire point, 62 different meteorological parameters of bushfire time were extracted from Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Regional Reanalysis for Australia (BARRA) data. These remote sensing and meteorological datasets were fused and further processed in assessing their relative importance using four different tree-based ensemble machine learning models, namely, Random Forest (RF), Fuzzy Forest (FF), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Landsat images were used in deriving the response variable–Relative Difference Normalised Burn Ratio (RdNBR), which was selected by comparing its performance against Difference Normalised Burn Ratio (dNBR). Our findings demonstrate that the FF algorithm utilising the Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) method has the best predictive performance of 96.50%, assessed against 10-fold cross-validation. The result shows that the relative influence of the variables on bushfire severity is in the following order: (1) soil moisture, (2) soil temperature, (3) air pressure, (4) air temperature, (5) vertical wind, and (6) relative humidity. This highlights the importance of soil meteorology in bushfire severity analysis, often excluded in bushfire severity research. Further, this study provides a scientific basis for choosing a subset of meteorological variables for bushfire severity prediction depending on their relative importance. The optimal subset of high-ranked variables is extremely useful in constructing simplified and computationally efficient surrogate models, which can be particularly useful for the rapid assessment of bushfire severity for operational bushfire management and effective mitigation efforts.

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Kumar, Ratika, Parivash Eftekhari, and Gillian Gould. "Pregnant Women Who Smoke May Be at Greater Risk of Adverse Effects from Bushfires." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 6223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126223.

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Bushfires substantially increase the environmental health risks for people living in affected areas, especially the disadvantaged (e.g., those experiencing health inequities due to their socio-economic status, racial/ethnic backgrounds, geographic location and/or sexual orientation) and those with pre-existing health conditions. Pregnant women exposed to bushfire smoke are at a greater risk of adverse pregnancy and foetal outcomes, especially if they smoke tobacco, which may compound the toxic impacts. Bushfires may also exacerbate mental stress, leading to an increase in smoking. There are gaps in the evidence and more research is required on the combined effect of bushfire smoke and tobacco smoke on pregnant populations.

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Cherbuin, Nicolas, Amita Bansal, Jane E. Dahlstrom, Hazel Carlisle, Margaret Broom, Ralph Nanan, Stewart Sutherland, et al. "Bushfires and Mothers’ Mental Health in Pregnancy and Recent Post-Partum." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 1 (December 20, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21010007.

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Background: The compounding effects of climate change catastrophes such as bushfires and pandemics impose significant burden on individuals, societies, and their economies. The enduring effects of such syndemics on mental health remain poorly understood, particularly for at-risk populations (e.g., pregnant women and newborns). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of direct and indirect exposure to the 2019/20 Australian Capital Territory and South-Eastern New South Wales bushfires followed by COVID-19 on the mental health and wellbeing of pregnant women and mothers with newborn babies. Methods: All women who were pregnant, had given birth, or were within three months of conceiving during the 2019/2020 bushfires, lived within the catchment area, and provided consent were invited to participate. Those who consented were asked to complete three online surveys. Mental health was assessed with the DASS-21 and the WHO-5. Bushfire, smoke, and COVID-19 exposures were assessed by self-report. Cross-sectional associations between exposures and mental health measures were tested with hierarchical regression models. Results: Of the women who participated, and had minimum data (n = 919), most (>75%) reported at least one acute bushfire exposure and 63% reported severe smoke exposure. Compared to Australian norms, participants had higher depression (+12%), anxiety (+35%), and stress (+43%) scores. Women with greater exposure to bushfires/smoke but not COVID-19 had poorer scores on all mental health measures. Conclusions: These findings provide novel evidence that the mental health of pregnant women and mothers of newborn babies is vulnerable to major climate catastrophes such as bushfires.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bushfires"

Finlay, Christine School of Sociology &amp Anthropology UNSW. "Smokescreen : black/white/male/female bravery and southeast Australian bushfires." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology and Anthropology, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23006.

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Black/white/male/female struggles over knowledge correctness and who is brave are examined inductively in the field of bushfires. The paradoxes of a white male icon are linked to contradictions in gender theories in disaster. In mainstream literature, assumptions of innate white male superiority in bravery justify white women???s diminution and white male domination. In feminist theory, women???s diminution is the problem and their bravery for struggling against hegemony applauded. Philosophies of bravery are explored in 104 semistructured interviews and 12 months??? fieldwork as a volunteer bushfirefighter. There is great variety in the ways volunteers cope with bushfires. However, evidence of white male hegemony emerges when volunteers complain of state and territory indifference to preventing property and environmental damage and injury and death. Evidence is examined that Indigenous Australians once managed bushfires better than a sprawl of bureaucracy. Bushfire service claims that Aborigines knew nothing about hazard reductions are contradicted. This debate over bushfire management leads to the discovery of a third epistemology breaking with claims of white male iconic bravery and bureaucratic mastery. To generalise about the habitus of claims to knowledge and bravery, I analyse Newcastle Herald articles from 1881-1981. Three competing knowledge fields and their associated struggles are examined; Indigenous Australians and white womens??? emancipatory struggles confront data on bushfirefighting. Bushfires emerge as a serious problem, a bureaucratic power base and a white male icon from the 1920s.

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French, Ian Dept of Computer Science Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Visualisation techniques for the computer simulation of bushfires in two dimensions." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. Dept. of Computer Science, 1992. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38721.

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This thesis examines techniques that provide a method of computer visualisation of bushfire spread. Existing techniques studied include, Kourtz & O???Regan, Green???s Contact, Heat Accumulation, Percolation modelling and Huygens??? Principle by Anderson et.al., French, Roberts, Richards. Many of these techniques are extended as part of a comprehensive study into how they perform in a two dimensional reference frame (ie over flat terrain only). New techniques are defined for Percolation Modelling and Huygens??? Principle. Each technique is examined in a series of test cases which include computer simulations with no wind, constant wind, variable wind, variable vegetation (including patchy fuel and two fuels) and where fuel burns out. These test cases provide: (a) an incremental approach to understanding the operation of each technique; (b) a basis for comparison; and (c) verification of correctness of the technique in two dimensions. Several of the techniques are shown, by these test cases, to be equivalent. For instance, the Kourtz & O???Regan technique using a square template is equivalent to the Contact Technique, Site percolation is similar to the Heat Accumulation technique and Template percolation is similar to the Contact Technique. Overall the Huygens??? Principle techniques provide the most accurate simulations of bushfire spread.

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Hamra, Jafar Sadeq Abdulhadi. "Network Effects on Learning during Disasters: The Case of Australian Bushfires." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9408.

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Understanding factors that enhance or diminish learning levels of individuals and teams is significant for achieving both individual (low level) and organisational (high level) goals. In this study, the effect of social network factors at all levels of analysis (actor level, dyadic level and network level) on learning attitudes of emergency personnel in emergency events is investigated. Based on social network concepts of structural holes and strength of weak ties, and the social influence model of learning, a conceptual model is developed. To test and validate the model, data was collected from the transcripts of the 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission reports in conjunction with the 2008 Australian Inter-Service Incident Management System (AIIMS) survey. Secondly, network measures were applied for exploring the association with learning from a sample of people working within Incident Management Teams, combat roles and coordination centres across Australia and New Zealand. Empirical results suggest that social network factors at all levels of analysis (actor, dyadic and network levels) of emergency personnel play a crucial role in individual and team learning. The contextual implication from the quantitative and qualitative findings of this research is that when approaches for improving the emergency response at an interpersonal level are contemplated, the importance of social structure, position and relations in the networks of emergency personnel needs to be considered carefully as part of the overall individual and organisation-level goals. With this model of learning-related work activity, based on network connectedness, emergency staff members can strengthen their capacity to be flexible and adaptable. The findings of this study may be appreciated by emergency managers or administrators for developing an emergency practice culture to optimise individual and team learning and adaptability within an emergency management context.

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McFarlane, A. "The psychiatric sequelae of a natural disaster : the 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdm143.pdf.

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Whittaker, William Joshua, and joshua whittaker@rmit edu au. "Vulnerability to bushfires in south-eastern Australia: a case study from East Gippsland, Victoria." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090401.122025.

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This thesis is an analysis of human vulnerability to bushfires in the Wulgulmerang district of East Gippsland, Victoria, in south-eastern Australia. On January 30, 2003, bushfires devastated the small population of this isolated farming district. The fires destroyed homes, livelihood assets and public infrastructure. They also adversely affected the health, livelihoods and social lives of many local people. Australian bushfire research has traditionally focused on the geophysical dimensions of fire hazards and disasters, with little consideration of how cultural, economic, political and social factors shape people's exposure to hazards and their capacities to cope and adapt to bushfire impacts. To date, there have been no systematic, social science analyses of human vulnerability to bushfires. The vulnerability analysis presented in this thesis concentrates on two key research questions: (1) How and why were people exposed to hazards during the bushfires? and (2) How and why were people differentially capable of coping and adapting to the fires' impacts? Qualitative methods were primarily used to investigate these questions, including semi-structured interviews with residents and landholders of the Wulgulmerang district, representatives of government departments and authorities, and others who participated in responses to the fires. The thesis develops a multifaceted understanding of how and why people were vulnerable to the January 30 fires. Vulnerability is shown to arise from the circumstances of people's day to day lives, which are shaped by factors both within and beyond their control. Local pressures and challenges - such as drought, declining farm incomes, depopulation, limited access to essential services, and political marginality - are shown to increase people's exposure to bushfire hazards and reduce their capacities to cope and adapt. The thesis demonstrates the fundamental importance of sustainable livelihoods and regional economic and social vitality to the long-term goal of vulnerability reduction.

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Virkki, Diana Angelique. "Faunal and Floral Community Responses to Contemporary Fire Regimes in Eucalypt Forests of Southeast Queensland." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367338.

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As an ecological process fire plays a global role in structuring ecosystems and their constituent fauna and flora. Fire is also regularly applied as a landscape management tool and altered fire regimes affect global biodiversity. Fire can have a marked influence on vegetation composition and structure with resultant flow on impacts on faunal communities. However, faunal responses to fire are often quite varied and management recommendations of appropriate fire regimes therefore generally include utilising a fire mosaic approach to fire management. This thesis investigates the relationship between variable fire regimes, vegetation composition, condition and structure, and ground-dwelling vertebrate faunal communities. The literature review (Chapter 1) revealed several gaps in current knowledge. This included a lack of detailed knowledge on the effects of variable fire regimes, including repeated management burns and fire mosaics, representative of multiple fire parameters (time since fire, number of fires, fire interval and fire type), on ecosystem biota. This was particularly evident for subtropical ecosystems. To analyse the effects of repeated burns, fire exclusion and wildfire, this study targeted one of the longest running fire experiments in Australia, at Bauple State Forest, where fire treatments have been applied annually since 1952 and triennially since 1973. Additional dry eucalypt forest sites at St Mary and Tiaro State Forests were included that represented variable fire management practices. Detailed fauna trapping surveys and vegetation assessments were completed on 35 plots across eight fire treatments at all three sites. Additionally, a broader scale GIS analysis of fire history was done across the three forests with surveys undertaken at an additional 74 sites allowing a comparison of reptile communities, forest condition and structure among variable fire regimes at multiple scales.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Armstrong, Elizabeth Kate, and n/a. "Tourism destination recovery after the 2003 Canberra fires." University of Canberra. n/a, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081218.091856.

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The tourism industry is vulnerable to crises and disasters and increasingly government and industry stakeholders are turning their attention to how to prevent, manage and recover from shock events. In the last decade there has been increasing interest in tourism research on crises and disasters, prompted in part by recognition of the tourism industry's vulnerabilities and what appear to be more frequent shock events. The beginning of this century has been marked by a series of crises and disasters including the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease outbreak in the United Kingdom, the 2001 terrorist hijackings in the USA, the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings, the 2003 SARS epidemic in southeast Asia and Canada, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and Hurricane Katrina in the southern USA in 2005 (Henderson, 2007). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007a) has also predicted that the extreme weather events associated with climate change will lead to more natural disasters. Crises and disaster have local, regional and global repercussions on the tourism industry at business/corporate, industry and destination levels and the need for more attention to preparation, response and recovery is acknowledged. Much of the initial tourism research in this field focused on descriptions of crises and disasters and their impacts on tourism with some reflection on their management. This foundation and the comprehensive crisis and disaster literature from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, economics, geography and environmental science led to development of crisis and disaster management frameworks specifically designed for the tourism industry. These frameworks have achieved varying degrees of acceptance amongst tourism researchers with Faulkner and Vikulov's (2001) Tourism Disaster Management Framework (TDMF) being the most well known and often cited. The more recent Crisis and Disaster Management Framework (CDMF) developed by Ritchie (2004) is a useful destination-level framework based on a strategic management approach. Despite the development of these frameworks, relatively little tourism research effort has focused on destination recovery and very little on medium and long term recovery. In addition, there is little research on wildfires as a type of natural disaster. The extensive bushfires in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in 2003 (often referred to as the Canberra fires) provided an opportunity to investigate in a longitudinal study the short, medium and long term actions undertaken by the government and tourism industry to assist destination recovery and then compare them with Ritchie's prescriptive CDMF. Being longer term research this study is able to consider almost the entire recovery stage whereas other research has focused on short or medium term recovery (for example Faulkner & Vikulov, 2001). This research centred on a case study which is defined by Yin (1989 quoted in Wimmer & Dominick, 1997, p. 102) as an 'empirical inquiry that uses multiple sources of evidence to investigate a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context'. This case study used interviewing, the documentary method and participant observation as the key methods. Representatives of government and the tourism industry were interviewed in-depth about the actions taken by their organisations or businesses. The interviews were semi-structured with mostly open-ended questions and some participants undertook multiple interviews over a three year period. Extensive secondary data and documentation about the bushfire and subsequent response and recovery was generated by the ACT government, industry and community and publicly available sources included reports and reviews, media releases, newspaper articles, newsletters, brochures, websites and legal and coronial enquiries. These were critical for gaining a comprehensive understanding of recovery. Participant observation was also important and, as a resident of the ACT, the author participated in relevant events and observed the public face of community recovery. The three methods resulted in a large data set that was distilled into a 'response and recovery story' structured according to Ritchie's CDMF. Upon comparing the findings with the framework, it was found that many elements were evident in the 'real life' case study including crisis communication, resource management, stakeholder communication, destination restoration and disasters as agents for change. There were also new findings that could be integrated into a redeveloped framework including the establishment of a recovery team, training for crisis and disaster management, tourist/visitor management, recovery planning, human resource management issues, business recovery tools, partnerships and memorialisation and commemoration. The resulting Tourism Industry Crisis and Disaster Management Framework (TICDMF) is a practical and comprehensive tool for Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) that both describes what occurred in a real life case study but also prescribes recommended management actions. In addition to specific recommendations for the ACT tourism industry, this research also resulted in general recommendations to the tourism industry, government and educators. These focused on (i) the importance of crisis and disaster management planning, (ii) the need to evaluate and document response and recovery and devote adequate resources to organisational learning, (iii) potential use of tools like the TICDMF and the plethora of resources to manage crises and disasters, (iv) educating staff, academics and tertiary tourism and hospitality students about crisis and disaster management and (v) accepting the chaos of recovery and devoting adequate resources to address the resulting complexity. The tourism industry is vulnerable to external shocks whether they be local crises or national disasters. The preparedness of the industry and its ability to effectively respond and recover is of critical importance for destinations and the community in which they function. Case studies of crises and disaster and development of a body of theoretical and practical knowledge will ensure that government and industry continue to play an important role in caring for the safety and security of tourists while maintaining a viable and sustainable industry for all stakeholders.

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Somers, Vera Louise Jeanne. "Risk Minimization for Spreading Processes over Networks via Surveillance Scheduling and Sparse Control." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27397.

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Spreading processes, such as epidemics and wildfires, have an initial localized outbreak that spreads rapidly throughout a network. The real-world risks associated with such events have stressed the importance and current limitations of methods to quickly map and monitor outbreaks and to reduce their impact by planning appropriate intervention strategies. This thesis is, therefore, concerned with risk minimization of spreading processes over networks via surveillance scheduling and sparse control. This is achieved by providing a flexible optimization framework that combines surveillance and intervention to minimize the risk. Here, risk is defined as the product of the probability of an outbreak occurring and the future impact of that outbreak. The aim is now to bound or minimize the risk by allocation of resources and use of persistent monitoring schedules. When setting up an optimization framework, four other aspects have been found to be of importance. First of all, being able to provide targeted risk estimation and minimization for more vulnerable or high cost areas. Second and third, scalability of algorithms and sparsity of resource allocation are essential due to the large network structures. Finally, for wildfires specifically, there is a gap between the information embedded in fire propagation models and utilizing it for path planning algorithms for efficient remote sensing. The presented framework utilizes the properties of positive systems and convex optimization, in particular exponential cone programming, to provide flexible and scalable algorithms for both surveillance and intervention purposes. We demonstrate with different spreading process examples and scenarios, focusing on epidemics and wildfires, that the presented framework gives convincing and scalable results. In particular, we demonstrate how our method can include persistent monitoring scenarios and provide more targeted and sparse resource allocation compared to previous approaches.

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Pippen, Brendan Gerard Physical Environmental &amp Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Fuel moisture and fuel dynamics in woodland and heathland vegetation of the Sydney Basin." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38697.

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The vegetation of the Sydney Basin, Australia, is highly flammable and subject to a wide range of fire regimes. Sclerophyllous shrubs and sedges are common and in some vegetation types up to 70 % of fuel consumed during a fire can be live. Research into fire behaviour and fuel dynamics has been minimal. To address this issue this thesis investigated the principal factor affecting the ease of ignition and rate of combustion of individual fuel particles and fuel beds in bushfires: dead fine fuel moisture (FFM). Two common Sydney Basin vegetation types, eucalypt woodland and heathland, each with a history of problematic fire management, were measured in the field for diurnal fluctuations in FFM following rain, under conditions similar to when prescribed burns are conducted. The FFM components of current operational fire behaviour models were found to be inadequate for predictions of FFM and fire behaviour under these conditions. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of five fuel types from the field site was investigated in a laboratory study. An existing function describing EMC as a function of temperature and relative humidity was evaluated and found to be very accurate for these fuels. Two FFM predictive models incorporating this function were evaluated on the field data and the laboratory results were shown to be applicable to the estimation of FFM in the field. One model gave very accurate predictions of FFM below fibre saturation point, but its accuracy was reduced when screen level conditions were used instead of those measured at fuel level. A recent process-based model that accounts for rainfall showed promise for predicting when fuel is < 25 % FFM. Systematic problems with the radiation budget of this model reduced the accuracy of predictions and further refinement is required. Live fine fuel moisture content (LFMC) of common heathland shrubs and sedge was investigated over two years and found to be both seasonal and influenced by phenology. LFMC minima occurred in late winter and spring (August to October), and maxima were in summer (December to February) when new growth was recorded. The dominant near-surface fuel in mature heath was sedge. It was found to have little seasonal variation in its??? percentage dead but the percentage dead maxima occured at the same time as the LFMC minima of shrubs and sedge in both years. Simple instantaneous models for duff moisture content in woodland and heathland and LFMC and the percentage dead sedge in heathland were developed. The information gained by this study will form the basis for future development of fuel moisture models for prescribed burning guidelines and fire spread models specific to the vegetation communities of the Sydney Basin.

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Nti, Frank Kyekyeku. "Climate change vulnerability and coping mechanisms among farming communities in Northern Ghana." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15116.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Andrew Barkley
This study examines the effect of extreme climatic conditions (drought, flood, and bushfires) on the livelihood of households in the Bawku West district of Ghana. The research identified the mechanisms with which households cope in such situations, and analyzed factors influencing the adoption of coping strategies for flood, coping strategies for drought, and coping strategies for bushfires. Data for the study were collected in selected villages across the district in the aftermath of the 2007/2008 extreme climatic events (a prolonged drought period followed by an erratic rainfall). A binary logit regression (BLR) model was then specified to estimate factors that influence the adoption of a given coping mechanisms. Results from the BLR model indicate that literacy level, membership with an FBO, household income, and location of households had positive and significant impacts on adaptation to drought. Similarly, source of seeds for planting, membership with an FBO, household income, and farm size had positive significant influence on adaptation to flood. Adaption to bushfire was positively influenced by radio ownership, seed source and income. The main effect of these climatic extreme events on households included destruction of crops, livestock and buildings; food and water shortage; poor yield or harvest and limited fields for livestock grazing. Therefore, government policies should be geared towards creating revenue generating channels and in strengthening institutions that provide access to farm credit, readily available improve seeds and extension. Additionally, policies that expedite information dissemination through radio and other public media will enhance households’ adaptive capacity.

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Books on the topic "Bushfires"

Services, Victoria Department of Human. 2009 Victorian bushfires our story. Melbourne, Victoria: Victorian Government, Department of Human Services, 2011.

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2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission. Implementation Monitor. Bushfires Royal Commission Implementation Monitor: Final report. Melbourne: Government Printer for the State of Victoria, 2012.

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Latz, Peter K. Bushfires & bushtucker: Aboriginal plant use in Central Australia. Alice Springs: IAD Press, 1995.

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T, Healey D., Jarrett F. G, McKay J. M, and Centre for South Australian Economic Studies., eds. The Economics of bushfires: The South Australian experience. Adelaide: Centre for South Australian Economic Studies, 1985.

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illustrator, Green Jenny, ed. Bushfires & bushtucker: Aboriginal plant use in Central Australia. Alice Springs, NT: IAD Press, 2018.

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Loane, I. T. Aerial suppression of bushfires: Cost-benefit study for Victoria. Canberra, ACT: National Bushfire Research Unit, CSIRO Division of Forest Research, 1986.

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Muller, Damon. Using crime prevention to reduce deliberate bushfires in Australia. Canberra, A.C.T: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2009.

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Müller, Denis. Media ethics and disasters: Lessons from the Black Saturday bushfires. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 2011.

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O'Connor, Pam. Out of the ashes: The Ash Wednesday bushfires in the south east of S.A., 16th February 1983. Mt. Gambier, S. Aust: P. and B. O'Connor, 1993.

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W, Handmer John, and Haynes Katharine, eds. Community bushfire safety. Collingwood, VIC: CSIRO Publishing, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bushfires"

Price, Owen. "Bushfires." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51727-8_151-1.

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Price, Owen. "Bushfires." In Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires, 75–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52090-2_151.

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Haddin, Jenna, David Wong, and Claire Sparke. "Australian bushfires 2019–2020." In Routledge Handbook of Climate Change and Health System Sustainability, 82–93. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032701196-13.

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Hastings, Nicholas. "Inspection Intervals, Risk and Bushfires." In Engineering Asset Management and Infrastructure Sustainability, 337–45. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-493-7_28.

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Bir, Ritu, and Meenakshi Singh. "Patterns and Consequences: Australian Bushfires." In 5th World Congress on Disaster Management, 570–73. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003341932-60.

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Salam, Mona, Shuang Wu, Iina Lohi, Alison Wain, Robert Fleck, Sara Wilkinson, Saeed Banihashemi, Aso Hajirasouli, and Lois Towart. "Australian Case: Black Summer Bushfires." In Real Estate and Sustainable Crisis Management in Urban Environments, 151–75. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003474586-9.

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FitzGerald, Gerard. "Australian bushfires, heatwaves, and disaster medicine." In Routledge Handbook of Climate Change and Health System Sustainability, 71–81. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032701196-12.

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Adam, Carole, Geoffrey Danet, John Thangarajah, and Julie Dugdale. "BDI Modelling and Simulation of Human Behaviours in Bushfires." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 47–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47093-1_5.

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Dwyer, Graham. "Bushfires and Public Inquiries: A Case Study of Victoria." In Making Sense of Natural Disasters, 43–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94778-1_3.

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Evans, Gretel. "Shaped by Fire: How Bushfires Forged Migrant Environmental Understandings and Memories of Place." In Disasters in Australia and New Zealand, 41–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4382-1_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bushfires"

Griffith, David W. "FTIR, bushfires, and atmospheric chemistry." In Luebeck - DL tentative, edited by Herbert M. Heise, Ernst H. Korte, and Heinz W. Siesler. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.56290.

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Freeman, Mark, and Alison Freeman. "Bonding over bushfires: Social networks in action." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istas.2010.5514611.

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"Estimate of maximum insurance loss due to bushfires." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.a2.lin.

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Khalil, Ghaith, Torana Al, Ayoob Ayoob, Morshed Chowdhury, Dhurgham Khalil, and Zozan Ayoob. "A Brief Introduction on Proposed Early Bushfires Detection Model." In 2021 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceccme52200.2021.9591116.

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Parker, Amy, Catherine Ticehurst, Zheng-Shu Zhou, and Tristan Ward. "Application of S-Band Novasar-1 to Bushfires in Australia." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554209.

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"Assessing the impact of Australian bushfires on rooftop photovoltaic energy production." In 25th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2023.isaza.

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Liu, M., Y. Liu, H. Jiang, Y. Huang, D. Jiang, Z. Lin, and X. Zhang. "Research of power grid trips caused by bushfires on “steep slope effect”." In 2022 Annual Meeting of CSEE Study Committee of HVDC and Power Electronics (HVDC 2022). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2023.0212.

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Vallis, Carmen. "Writing against the tide." In 25th Australasian Association of Writing Programs Conference 2020. Australasian Association of Writing Programs, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/acp/2020.73.

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A tide of conservatism is rising. Despite bushfires and a global epidemic, many are unwilling or unable to grapple with the facts behind these catastrophes. What is not said drifts in and out of public consciousness. In present silences and lacunae, past stories wait to be told anew. In this presentation, I reflect on discontinuity and continuity in the curious silence around the Joh Bjelke-Petersen era in Queensland history, a time remembered for corrupt politicians and cops, but otherwise culturally (and conveniently) forgotten in literary fiction. I discuss my creative response to this era, and outline processes that are saving me from drowning in entwined political, cultural and personal silences as I write an exegesis and novel.

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"The Kangaroo Island bushfires of 2007, A meteorological case study and WRF-fire simulation." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.a2.peace.

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Nasim, Mehwish, Naeha Sharif, Pranav Bhandari, Derek Weber, Martin Wood, Lucia Falzon, and Yoshihisa Kashima. "Investigating Language Use by Polarised Groups on Twitter: A Case Study of the Bushfires." In ADCS '22: Australasian Document Computing Symposium. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3572960.3572979.

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Reports on the topic "Bushfires"

Parkinson, Debra. Short fuse links bushfires with domestic violence. Edited by Grace Jennings-Edquist. Monash University, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/505b-4055.

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Ashcroft, Linden. Bushfires have changed the way we holiday. Edited by Chris Bartlett. Monash University, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/698e-e19d.

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Goldie, James, and Dean Marchiori. Maps: Suburbs most at risk of bushfires. Monash University, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/ba0e-bf3a.

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Dwyer, Graham. Our suburbs are no longer safe from bushfires. Edited by Grace Jennings-Edquist. Monash University, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/1091-5fb3.

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Grafton, Quentin, and Sonia Akter. Think bushfires don’t discriminate? They do, and this is who suffers most. Edited by Grace Jennings-Edquist. Monash University, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/4caa-d47c.

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French, I. A., H. M. Woolf, R. P. Cechet, T. Yang, and L. A. Sanabria. Acknowledging and understanding variability in simulating bushfires. Part 1 – Evaluation of FireDST against the Kilmore fire of 7 February 2009. Geoscience Australia, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2014.040.

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French, I. A., H. M. Woolf, R. P. Cechet, T. Yang, and L. A. Sanabria. Acknowledging and understanding variability in simulating bushfires. Part 2 – Evaluation of FireDST against the Wangary fire of 10 January 2005. Geoscience Australia, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2014.042.

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French, I. A., H. M. Woolf, R. P. Cechet, T. Yang, and L. A. Sanabria. Acknowledging and understanding variability in simulating bushfires. Part 3 – Evaluation of FireDST against the Mt Hall fire of 24 December 2001. Geoscience Australia, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2014.041.

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Bromhead, Helen. Australian wildfires: is the term 'bushfire' out of date? Edited by Chris Bartlett. Monash University, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/18b8-31dd.

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Costin, Glenn P. Protecting the unborn: Keeping bushfire smoke out of our homes. Edited by Chris Bartlett. Monash University, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/01ff-e59b.

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