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1
Bradley, Matthew John. "Ultra-efficient Bus Rapid Transit timetabling." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75.
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Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems are increasingly used, particularly in the developing world, to provide low-cost, high-capacity urban mobility. An example of this trend is Bogotá’s TransMilenio BRT system, the test site for this thesis, which uses an homogeneous fleet of 18 metre long articulated buses to service 1,450,000 passenger trips per day, and which reaches a peak passenger load level of 45,000 passengers per hour per direction. The computational tools and techniques used to plan the timetables of such BRT systems are largely the same set of tools and techniques used to plan non-BRT transit systems.Unlike other transit systems, high-load BRT systems commonly run simultaneous express services, a situation that the tools developed to timetable non-BRT transit systems were not specifically designed for. Due to the running of simultaneous express services, the timetabling of highload BRT systems becomes a combinatorial problem, a far more complex class of problem than normal non-combinatorial timetabling. The thesis is advanced here that high-load BRT systems could be timetabled far more efficiently via a software tool built around a recognition of the problem’s combinatorial nature.This thesis is tested by building such a software tool, using that tool to develop an alternative timetable for the Américas Line of the TransMilenio BRT system, and then comparing that timetable’s performance to the performance of the existing timetable. Data used for the Américas Line was from the period Monday the 23rd to Friday the 27th of May 2005. The software tool developed to process this data changes express service stopping patterns as quickly as passenger load changes, leading to a great many express patterns over the course of a one day timetable. Due to this rapid tracking of passenger load, the resulting timetable is referred to as an “ultra-efficient timetable.”The ultra-efficient timetable produced for the Américas Line has 88 unique stopping patterns, compared to the existing timetable’s three, and is shown to be tracking passenger load far more precisely. Bus fleet size under the ultra-efficient timetable is 9% lower than for the existing timetable, indicating an estimated capital cost saving for the Américas Line of US$1.8 million. Bus kilometres travelled under the ultra-efficient timetable are 40% lower than for the existing timetable, indicating an estimated annual operating cost saving for the Américas Line of US$6 million.The ultra-efficient timetable delivering these performance improvements is shown to be approximately ten times more complex than could be reasonably deployed using paper timetables. Consequently, an ultra-efficient timetable would need to be deployed in conjunction with a fully-automated passenger information system. With this caveat, the thesis that high-load BRT systems can be far more efficiently timetabled using a combinatorial software tool is confirmed here. As an alternative to deploying ultra-efficient timetables, the combinatorial timetabling technology developed for this thesis could also be used to produce more efficient versions of normal paper-based BRT timetables.
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YEDAVALLI, SARATHY ASWANTH. "Decision Support System for Bus Rapid Transit." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1205010811.
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Lam, Shan-shan Vicky. "Network and urban form analyses : an approach to routing bus transit in geographic information systems /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4212850X.
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Mostachjov, Dmitrij. "Sustainable public transportation: quantifying the benefits of sustainable Bus Rapid Transit systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173933.
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Transportation in densely populated areas is becoming increasingly problematic. Congestion, air pollution, accident-related fatalities and time wasted in traffic are only a few of issues associated urban transportation. Personal transportation is expected to increase by 63% total, where car traffic is expected to increase by 67% and railway traffic – by 80% during the period from 2006 to 2050. With that kind of dynamic, reaching the currently set sustainability goals is impossible. This raises the need for introducing sustainable public transportation solutions. Defining sustainability in the context of public transportation and taking into account the case-specific differences that affect the definition is an important step in this process. Quantification and the use of calculation tools for sustainability impact assessment are important for discussing the subject in concretized terms. Public transportation involves a multitude of stakeholders that each have their own responsibility areas. Since public transportation systems are ultimately a collective effort, every stakeholder has to partake in this endeavor on their corresponding level of responsibility. Socioeconomic criteria are an integral part of sustainability impact analysis, since it puts technical transport-related calculations into a broader context that goes beyond the transport sector. This is a qualitative applied study of Scania’s efforts in developing calculation models to facilitate leading the dialogue by providing quantitative evidence during the early stages of their solution sales process. In this report, the methodology for sustainability impact assessment, traffic planning and socioeconomic calculations are studied and applied on the case of Scania, where a holistic calculation tool is developed for the company. Bus Rapid Transit systems have been proven to be effective, sustainable solutions of public transportation in several regions. The vehicle fleet is an important component within the BRT system, which is why calculation tools for analysis of sustainability impacts of BRT systems have high strategic significance for Scania. By providing quantitative evidence of the benefits of sustainable public transportation, the company is going to be able to gain additional market shares while simultaneously promoting sustainable urban public transportation.Transport i tätbefolkade områden blir alltmer problematiskt. Trängsel, luftföroreningar, olycksrelaterade dödsfall och tid bortslösad i trafiken är bara några av de typiska problemen som medföljer modern stadstrafik. Personlig transporter förväntas öka med 63% totalt, där biltrafiken förväntas öka med 67% och järnvägstrafiken - med 80% under perioden från 2006 till 2050. Om den typen av dynamik fortsätter, är det omöjligt att nå de i dagsläget satta hållbarhetsmålen. Detta skapar ett behov av att införa hållbara kollektivtrafiklösningar. Att definiera hållbarhet inom kollektivtrafiksammanhanget med hänsyn till fallspecifika aspekter som påverkar definitionen är ett viktigt steg i denna process. Kvantifiering och användning av beräkningsverktyg för att göra hållbarhetsbedömningar är viktiga för att diskutera ämnet i konkretiserade termer. Transportsektorn involverar en mängd aktörer som var och en har sina egna ansvarsområden. Eftersom kollektivtrafiksystem i slutändan definieras av samtliga aktörernas kollektiva insats, är det upp till varje aktör att engagera sig i processen på deras motsvarande ansvarsnivå. Samhällsekonomiska kriterier är en viktig del av hållbarhetskonsekvensbeskrivning, eftersom det sätter tekniska transportrelaterade beräkningar i ett bredare sammanhang som sträcker sig utöver transportsektorn. Detta är en kvalitativ tillämpad studie av Scanias arbete inom utveckling av beräkningsmodeller som ska underlätta att föra dialogen genom att tillhandahålla kvantitativa bevis i ett tidigt skede i försäljningsprocessen av kollektivtrafiklösningar. I denna rapport, är metodiken för hållbarhetskonsekvensbeskrivning, trafikplanering och samhällskonomiska beräkningar studerad och tillämpad på fallet Scania, där ett helhetsberäkningsverktyg har utvecklats för företaget. Bus Rapid Transit-system har visat sig vara effektiva och hållbara lösningar för kollektivtrafiken i flera regioner. Fordonsparken är en viktig komponent i BRT-systemet, vilket är anledningen till att beräkningsverktyg för analys av hållbarhetseffekterna av BRT-system har hög strategisk betydelse för Scania. Genom att uttrycka fördelarna med hållbar kollektivtrafik i kvantifierade termer kommer företaget att kunna få ytterligare marknadsandelar och samtidigt främja hållbar storstadskollektivtrafik.
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Sheth, Chintan H. "The Measurement and Evaluation of Urban Transit Systems: The Case of Bus Routes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9842.
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The issues of performance measurement and efficiency analyses for transit industries have been gaining significance due to severe operating conditions and financial constraints in which these transit agencies provide service.
In this research, we present an approach to measure the performance of Urban Transit Networks, specifically, bus routes that comprise the network. We propose a math programming model that evaluates the efficiencies of bus routes taking into consideration, the service providers, the users and the societal perspectives. This model is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and derives from Network Theory, Network Modeling in DEA, Goal Programming & Goal-DEA and 'Environmental' Variables.
This approach enables the decision maker to determine the performance of its units of operations ('bus routes' in our case), optimally allocate scarce resources and achieve target levels for 'externality' variables for these bus routes and for the whole network. We further recommend modifications to the model, for adaptation to other modes of transportation as well as extend its applicability to other applications/scenarios.
Master of Science
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Thornton, Douglas Anthony. "Investigation of using radar augmented transit buses as arterial travel time probes." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243907350.
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Lam, Shan-shan Vicky, and 林珊珊. "Network and urban form analyses: an approach to routing bus transit in geographic information systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4212850X.
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Stojanovski, Todor. "Bus rapid transit (BRT) and transitoriented development (TOD) : How to transform and adjust the Swedish cities for attractive bus systems like BRT? What demands BRT?" Licentiate thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-128526.
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Bus rapid transit (BRT) is an innovative bus system with sophisticated vehicles and inflexible busways integrated in the cities, high capacity and high quality, high speed and frequency, distinctive image and comfort. Many in Sweden believe that is impossible to introduce BRT, even though the Swedish towns and cities can benefit from the image, speed and frequency that BRT symbolizes. The archipelago-like urbanization, urban sprawl and the uncompetitive journey times of public transportation compared with the private car are identified as main obstacles. New questions emerged: Is it possible to transform and adjust the Swedish towns and cities for BRT? What demands BRT? How is transit-oriented development (TOD) applicable in a Swedish context as a policy to integrate cities and BRT? In this licentiate thesis I investigate the interrelationship between bus transportation and neighborhoods, between BRT and urban form as well as the possibilities to introduce busways and BRT, to trigger TOD and to transform the Swedish towns and cities for BRT. Much has been written about BRT, but seldom by architects or urban planners and designers. BRT and TOD are seen though urban form and processes of urbanization within a morphological tradition established by Kevin Lynch. BRT is represented by paths and nodes that disperse distinctive attractiveness pattern of desirability cores that shape neighborhoods as districts. TOD is about synchronizing the everyday urban life with public transportation systems. BRT-TOD is defined as a policy to recognize desirability cores spread by the different infrastructures of BRT and promote development of urban form within their attractiveness pattern at urban and regional scale. BRT-TOD is discussed as a concept of BRT metropolis in context of the urbanization of Swedish towns and cities. TOD is defined morphologically as public transport cities. A public transport city is a city that in its development adapted to specific public transportation systems. TOD is nothing new in Europe or Sweden. To find regularities of the effect of public transportation systems on cities I do a historical overview of the Swedish towns and cities. In the end the position of bus and BRT, public transport cities and TOD and possibilities of future urban transformation of the smaller and larger Swedish cities towards BRT metropolises are discussed in context of today’s “‘system’ of automobility” and widespread car society and the emerging knowledge society and its postmodern fringes of urbanization.QC 20130917
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Plotnikov, Valeri. "An Analysis of Fare Collection Costs on Heavy Rail and Bus Systems in the U.S." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29052.
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In this research, an effort is made to analyze the costs of fare collection on heavy rail and motorbus systems in the U.S. Since existing ticketing and fare collection (TFC) systems are major elements of transit infrastructure and there are several new alternative TFC technologies available on the market, the need to evaluate the performance of existing TFC systems arises. However, very little research has been done, so far, to assess impacts of TFC technologies on capital and operating expenses in public transit. The two objectives of this research are: (1) to formulate a conceptual evaluation framework and a plan to assess the operating costs of existing TFC systems in transit and (2) to analyze the operating expenses associated with existing TFC systems on heavy rail and motorbus transit in the U.S. with the aid of the evaluation framework and plan.
This research begins with a review of the current state of knowledge in the areas of transit TFC evaluation, the economics of public transit operations, and fare collection practices and technologies. It helps to determine the scope of work related to assessment of TFC operating costs on public transit and provides the basis for the development of a conceptual evaluation framework and an evaluation plan. Next, this research presents a systematic approach to define and describe alternative TFC systems and suggests that the major TFC system determinants are payment media, fare media, TFC equipment, and transit technology (mode). Following this is the development of measures of effectiveness to evaluate alternative TFC systems. These measures assess cost-effectiveness and labor-intensiveness of TFC operations. The development of TFC System Technology Index follows. This Index recognizes the fact that TFC systems may consist of different sets of TFC technologies both traditional and innovative. Finally, this research presents statistical results that support the hypothesis that TFC operating costs are related to transit demand, transit technology (mode) and TFC technologies. These results further suggest that: (1) TFC operating costs per unlinked passenger trip on heavy rail systems are higher than on motorbus systems and (2) TFC operating costs per unlinked passenger trip tend to increase as the use of non-electronic fare media increases. Actions for further research are also recommended.Ph. D.
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Kazungu, Conny Sidi. "Assessing the Energy Efficiency of Small Transit Systems; A Case Study of the Miami Metro Bus Service." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1335299192.
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Aldokhayel, Abdulaziz. "A Kalman Filter-based Dynamic Model for Bus Travel Time Prediction." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38060.
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Urban areas are currently facing challenges in terms of traffic congestion due to city expansion and population increase. In some cases, physical solutions are limited. For example, in certain areas it is not possible to expand roads or build a new bridge. Therefore, making public transpiration (PT) affordable, more attractive and intelligent could be a potential solution for these challenges. Accuracy in bus running time and bus arrival time is a key component of making PT attractive to ridership. In this thesis, a dynamic model based on Kalman filter (KF) has been developed to predict bus running time and dwell time while taking into account real-time road incidents. The model uses historical data collected by Automatic Vehicle Location system (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Counters (APC) system. To predict the bus travel time, the model has two components of running time prediction (long and short distance prediction) and dwell time prediction. When the bus closes its doors before leaving a bus stop, the model predicts the travel time to all downstream bus stops. This is long distance prediction. The model will then update the prediction between the bus’s current position and the upcoming bus stop based on real-time data from AVL. This is short distance prediction. Also, the model predicts the dwell time at each coming bus stop. As a result, the model reduces the difference between the predicted arrival time and the actual arrival time and provides a better understanding for the transit network which allows lead to have a good traffic management.
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Lindén, Philip. "Improving accessibility to the bus service : Building an accessibility measurement tool in QGIS." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185145.
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Satisfactory public transportation (PT) should enable people to reach attractive destinations and desired activities fast, comfortably, safely, and affordably. When PT fails to do so it will have negative effects on the overall accessibility in a society. Evaluating a PT system essentially means measuring to what extent the demand from the users is met, and for such an analysis understanding the concept of accessibility is paramount. Whether an individual will experience a high or a low level of accessibility will likely depend on their personal capabilities, as well as on the surrounding environment. Barriers obstructing an individual from using PT could for example be of physical of phycological nature or come in the shape of public space management disproportionally favoring certain groups of society. Low accessibility can thus be linked to social exclusion, since when a person cannot reach important destinations, their chances to participate in society will be subdued. To measure the accessibility of a PT system, and how a PT system affects the overall accessibility of a destination, it is common practice to use indicators that can represent different categories of social exclusion. This approach was the basis for constructing the performance measurement tool called Bus Stop Ranking Algorithm (BSRA) which was created in the QGIS application Graphical Modeler. BSRA calculates the usefulness of bus stops by counting the number of vulnerable groups, the number of workplaces, and the total population within comfortable walking distance from bus stops, as well as comparing travel times by car and bicycle from residential areas to important locations. The tool was ordered by a private PT company which will use it to make decisions regarding e.g., creating new bus stops, or for relocating, removing, or redesigning existing bus stops or bus routes. The Swedish municipality Lidingö was used as the study area to demonstrate how to use BSRA and how to interpret its output. Using equal weights for all indicators, it was discovered that 9 bus stops in the southern part of Lidingö could be regarded as particularly useful compared to the other 207 bus stops in the municipality. Variables such as the space-temporal component, i.e., changes during the day were not used. Socio economic factors such as segregation were also not highlighted, since all indicators had the same effect on the total scores. Adjusting the weights for some indicators could expose underlying dynamics affecting the total scores for the bus stops and help the PT company make design changes where they will be needed the most.
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Feng, Wei. "Analyses of Bus Travel Time Reliability and Transit Signal Priority at the Stop-To-Stop Segment Level." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1832.
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Transit travel time is affected by many factors including traffic signals and traffic condition. Transit agencies have implemented strategies such as transit signal priority (TSP) to reduce transit travel time and improve service reliability. However, due to the lack of empirical data, the joint impact of these factors and improvement strategies on bus travel time has not been studied at the stop-to-stop segment level.
This study utilizes and integrates three databases available along an urban arterial corridor in Portland, Oregon. Data sources include stop-level bus automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) data provided by the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet), the Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATS) signal phase log data, and intersection vehicle count data provided by the City of Portland. Based on the unique collection and integration of these fine granularity empirical data, this research utilizes multiple linear regression models to understand and quantify the joint impact of intersection signal delay, traffic conditions and bus stop location on bus travel time and its variability at stop-to-stop segments. Results indicate that intersection signal delay is the key factor that affects bus travel time variability. The amount of signal delay is nearly linearly associated with intersection red phase duration. Results show that the effect of traffic conditions (volumes) on bus travel time varies significantly by intersection and time of day.
This study also proposed new and useful performance measures for evaluating the effectiveness of TSP systems. Relationships between TSP requests (when buses are late) and TSP phases were studied by comparing TSP phase start and end times with bus arrival times at intersections. Results show that green extension phases were rarely used by buses that requested TSP and that most green extension phases were granted too late. Early green effectiveness (percent of effective early green phases) is much higher than green extension effectiveness. The estimated average bus and passenger time savings from an early green phase are also greater compared to the average time savings from a green extension phase. On average, the estimated delay for vehicles on the side street due to a TSP phase is less than the time saved for buses and automobiles on the major street.
Results from this study can be used to inform cities and transit agencies on how to improve transit operations. Developing appropriate strategies, such as adjusting bus stop consolidation near intersections and optimizing bus operating schedules according to intersection signal timing characteristics, can further reduce bus travel time delay and improve TSP effectiveness.
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Ettefagh, Mahsa. "Effects of Real-time Passenger Information Systems on Perceptions of Transit Services: Investigations of The Ohio State University Community." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366318693.
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Wachana, Paul Herman. "Modeling the Role of Operational Characteristics in Safety Performance of PublicTransportation Systems: The Case of TriMet Bus Collision and Non-collision Incidents." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/545.
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The incidence of bus crashes in the US have been trending upwards, with accident, injury and fatality rates increasing 171%, 37.8%, and 5.1% respectively, between 2003 and 2007. Reversing the upward trend is an important objective of both transit providers and the society in general. This study introduces an operator-based safety methodology that utilizes data recovered from transit Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies and related systems to identify and assess factors contributing to bus operations safety incidents at TriMet, the transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan region. The analysis specifically focuses on collision, non-collision and total incidents, as well as on preventability of incidents that occurred between 2006 and 2009. Regression analysis established that bus operator age, experience, short duration absenteeism from work, operator's work span and variability in daily work span/assignments are empirically correlated with bus safety incidents. In addition, schedule adherence pressures and bus lift operations are also related to safety incidents. The other factors that influence safety performance are operators' responsive action events and customer complaints about unsafe bus operation. These findings make some contributions to the understanding of the factors that are empirically related to the frequency of safety incidents as well as offer insights into operation practices and policies that hold promise for reducing bus safety incidents.
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Fletterman, Manuel. "Designing multimodal public transport networks using metaheuristics." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01162009-154801/.
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Kim, Wonho. "An improved bus signal priority system for networks with nearside bus stops." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1460.
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Bus Signal Priority (BSP), which has been deployed in many cities around the world, is
a traffic signal enhancement strategy that facilitates efficient movement of buses
through signalized intersections. Most BSP systems do not work well in transit
networks with nearside bus stop because of the uncertainty in dwell time. Unfortunately,
most bus stops on arterial roadways are of this type in the U.S.
This dissertation showed that dwell time at nearside bus stops could be modeled
using weighted least squares regression. More importantly, the prediction intervals
associated with the estimate dwell time were calculated. These prediction intervals were
subsequently used in the improved BSP algorithm that attempted to reduce the negative
effects of nearside bus stops on BSP operations.
The improved BSP algorithm was tested on urban arterial section of Bellaire
Boulevard in Houston, Texas. VISSIM, a micro simulation model was used to evaluate
the performance of the BSP operations. Prior to evaluating the algorithm, the
parameters of the micro simulation model were calibrated using an automated Genetic
Algorithm based methodology in order to make the model accurately represent the
traffic conditions observed in the field.
It was shown that the improved BSP algorithm significantly improved the bus
operations in terms of bus delay. In addition, it was found that the delay to other
vehicles on the network was not statistically different from other BSP algorithms
currently being deployed. It is hypothesized that the new approach would be
particularly useful in North America where there are many transit systems that utilize
nearside bus stops in their networks.
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Gorni, Daniel. "Modelagem para operação de Bus Rapid Transit." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-19012011-103449/.
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Este trabalho é um modelo para controle de operação de frota de ônibus público urbano de baixa demanda, que objetiva o monitoramento (e intervenção, quando necessário), de forma que os ônibus monitorados cumpram a programação predeterminada pela grade-horária, evitando assim situações indesejáveis como atrasos ou congestionamentos nas estações de embarque e desembarque. A gestão do controle da movimentação dos ônibus se baseia em intervenções a serem realizadas na frota, considerando-se o sistema Bus Rapid Transit, que possui como grande diferencial as faixas segregadas para circulação dos ônibus. O objetivo é propor intervenções na frota (ações enviadas diretamente ao motorista como, por exemplo, diminuir a velocidade), e analisar os resultados, de forma a contribuir para diminuir dois grandes problemas em transporte público urbano: (1) o não cumprimento dos horários e (2) congestionamentos nas estações. Esses dois problemas geram reações em cadeia que acabam também afetando a regularidade de outros ônibus que compartilhar a mesma via e estações. Instituições públicas ou privadas de ônibus urbano podem obter benefícios utilizando um bom sistema de monitoramento e controle de frota, como por exemplo: mais segurança e previsibilidade nos horários, melhor adequação entre demanda e oferta do serviço, gerenciamento da frota através dos relatórios de pontualidade e desvio, dentre outros. Além disso, a melhora da qualidade do serviço traz como conseqüência o aumento no número de usuários do transporte, devido à oferta de um sistema mais atrativo, seguro e eficiente. A metodologia apresentada neste trabalho é constituída de um modelo para monitoramento da operação da frota e detecção de inconformidades dos ônibus, baseado na grade-horária e em um algoritmo de tomada de decisão, que objetiva a correção das inconformidades identificadas. Na tentativa de resolver (ou diminuir) os problemas que possam surgir durante a circulação dos ônibus, algoritmos (heurísticos) de decisão são utilizados em simulações de situações adversas. Com essas simulações é possível efetuar comparação das situações sem e com as intervenções propostas pelo algoritmo de decisão. Um sistema de informação geográfica é utilizado para manipulação dos dados e apresentação dos mesmos. De forma unifilar, é possível comparar as situações com e sem intervenções. Gráficos e tabelas complementam a apresentação dos resultados, onde é possível identificar e perceber a vantagem no monitoramento e intervenção na frota (a fidelidade à grade-horária melhora com as situações/intervenções simuladas).This dissertation is a model for management of urban public bus fleet operation control, aimed at monitoring (and intervention when necessary) so that the buses monitored meet the pre-determined schedule by the time-grid, thus avoiding undesirable situations such as delays or congestion in the stations of embarkation and disembarkation. The proposed operational management model and the interventions to be carried out in the fleet are possible considering the Bus Rapid Transit system that has segregated roads for the movement of buses. The goal is to propose interventions in the fleet (actions will be sent directly to the driver, like - change the bus velocity), and analyze the results in order to help reduce two major problems in urban public transport: (1) non compliance with the schedules and (2) congestion at stations. These two problems create chain reactions that end up affecting the regularity of other vehicles who share the same track and stations. Public or private urban bus institutes can benefit by using a good system of monitoring and control of the fleet, for example: more security and predictability in schedules, better match between demand and supply of the service, fleet management through the reports of punctuality and deviation, among others. Moreover, the improvement of service quality has as consequence the increase in the number of users of transport, due to availability of a more attractive, safe and efficient bus service. The methodology presented here consists of a model for fleet tracking (operation control) and tracing of unconformities buses based on time-grid and on an algorithm of decision-making that aims to correct non-conformities identified. In an attempt to solve (or reduce) the problems that may arise during the movement of buses, algorithms (heuristic) decision is used in simulations of adverse situations. In these simulations can be performed comparing the situations \"without\" and \"with\" the interventions proposed by the decision algorithm. A geographic information system is used for data manipulation and presentation of them. Using linear representation is possible to compare the buses situations with and without interventions. Charts and tables complement the presentation of results, where it is possible to identify and realize the advantage in monitoring and intervention in the fleet (fidelity to the time-grid improvement with the simulated situations/interventions).
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Li, Guanying. "The potential of a bus rapid transit / buses with high level of service system in metro Atlanta: A suitability and feasibility study." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51809.
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The Atlanta Metropolitan Area has been long suffering from traffic congestion, and the ongoing population growth will exacerbate the situation. On the other hand, over half of current transit riders are people from lower-income households and there is a growing senior population more than likely to rely on transit over the next two decades. One way to mitigate congestion and support transit dependent riders at the same time is to promote transit service. Enhanced bus service systems including Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and Buses with High Level of Service (BHLS) have been gaining popularity across the world, especially in South and East Asia, Latin America, and Europe. While there are also many BRT systems in the United States, only a few of them actually meet the world standards for providing a dedicated bus lane. Even so, case studies show that there are viable alternatives for implementing successful enhanced transit service:
• Choosing population-activity concentrated corridor;
• Adopting variations of exclusive right-of-way;
• Providing long span and high frequency service; and
• Using off-board fare collection, among others. Just like the benchmark cases, Metro Atlanta also has corridors with high population density, activity centers, relatively simple straight alignment, but that are currently underserved by bus service. If all the transit agencies, the Georgia Department of Transportation, and City of Atlanta, could work closely with the public to establish an enhanced bus transit system, traffic conditions in Metro Atlanta would be greatly improved.
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Pierson, Austin Isamu. "Noise exposure for bus drivers in an Iowa City transit system." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6485.
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General noise regulations and guidelines protect workers against 8-hour time-weighted average noise exposures > 85-90 dBA that can cause health outcomes and noise induced hearing loss (NIHL), but the bus transportation industry has guidelines limiting lower noise exposures > 75-80 dBA to reduce safety hazards, including distraction and poor communication. These hazards can create dangerous driving conditions, especially for urban bus drivers, potentially causing a collision. Further research was necessary to characterize U.S. urban transit bus driver noise exposures to assess whether they exceeded 75, 80, 85, and 90 dBA, time-weighted, and to identify statistically significant noise exposure risk factors for this local transit system.
Time-weighted average noise exposures collected from the local transit system, a small urban bus system serving a university in Iowa City, showed the majority of drivers did not exceed 85 dBA due to short shift times, but these drivers may have been at a safety risk for distractions and poor communication due to loud environments > 75-80 dBA. The driver's AM/FM radio was a statistically significant risk factor (p = 0.004) affecting driver-shift TWA noise exposures. Projected noise exposure calculations showed that with bus driver shifts greater than or equal to 8 hours, the TWA noise exposures measured may exceed 85 dBA. Actual 8- hour time-weighted average noise exposures using sequential bus driver shifts did not exceed 90 dBA.
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Lopez, Alvarado Paula Andrea. "Integrated scheduling and information support system for transit maintenance departments." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001151.
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Ernest, Agyemang. "TRAFFIC CONGESTION:THE BANE OF A BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IN ACCRA, GHANA?" Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5501.
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The role of transportation to urban dwellers cannot be overemphasised. Transportation enables employment, education, health services and leisure. Indeed, it ensures proper “urban insertion” (Wane, 2001, p.1). However, owing to high levels of motorization, in recent times, inadequate traffic management strategies, as well as inadequate land use and transportation planning, traffic congestion is not uncommon in cities all over the world. The economic, social, environmental and safety costs of traffic congestion are numerous and have gained much attention in the existing literature. This study proceeds with the aim of identifying the causes and the extent to which traffic congestion in the Ghanaian capital city of Accra, conspired with other factors to collapse a pilot Bus Rapid Transit System which was introduced to curb traffic congestion in the city once and for all.
With the use of the triangulation approach, research tools belonging to both the quantitative and qualitative methods of doing research, such the GIS-based techniques; five key informant in-depth interviews; three semi-structured interviews; a focus group discussion and participatory observation, in addition to using the Time-Geographic framework, the Structuration and General Systems theories respectively as interpretative guides, this study made interesting findings.
Improper land use practises, poor siting of terminals and transit points regardless of planning and architectural principles, activities of the informal economy and the woefully inadequate transport infrastructure were identified as the factors that cause traffic congestion on the Kimbu-Adenta highway on which the pilot BRTS operated. While traffic congestion made it impossible to operate scheduled bus services and increased the operational costs of the pilot project, other factors such as unhealthy competition among transport operators in Accra, the absence of a supporting legislative instrument, internal human lapses and the lack of public education were also identified as having contributed to the demise of the pilot BRTS.
Proposals to reduce traffic congestion such as improving transport infrastructure, congestion pricing, enhancing accidents management mechanisms and the implementation of the comprehensive Urban Transport Project (UTP) would not only mitigate traffic congestion but will improve the overall performance of public transportation provision in the city and ensure the success of a future BRTS in Ghana.
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Zhan, Yun M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Building bus rapid transit into the existing public transit system : competition and integration of BRT and the Urban Rail Transit in cities in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69459.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
BRT is a new type of bus transit with high speed and capacity. With its advantages and benefits, BRT is getting popular in the world, including China. Since BRT and urban rail transit (URT) are both rapid public transports, the comparisons between the two will be inevitable. Generally speaking, BRT could theoretically reach the speed and capacity of light rail, but there is still a gap in abilities between BRT and metro. Though for construction investment, BRT is much lower-cost than the same-length metro, if considering the land value and exclusive effects altogether, the total cost of a BRT system could increase faster with the raise in passenger numbers. Therefore, depending on different development stages, cities should choose the right mode with highest efficiency as the dominant public transit. Sometimes, both of the systems should work in corporation for the best effectiveness. Though there are competition and substitution between BRT and URT, compatibility and complementarity also exist. The integration between the two will bring us a new understanding on the developments of the urban transit system. For integration of BRT and URT, thoughtful network planning is the first step. Second, the service quality and efficiency of transfers between the systems should be emphasized. Also important, a cooperative management will be necessary. At the same time, land development opportunities should be considered with this integration trend.
by Yun Zhan.
M.C.P.
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So, Lek-hang Lake. "Studying the feasibilities of electronic road pricing and bus rapid transit to solve traffic congestion in Guangzhou city proper." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41680777.
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Karlström, Zhang Wei. "Bus Rapid Transit System and Road Safety - International Best Pratices, Evaluation and Improvement." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93536.
Full textAbstract:
With the fast developing economy, the motorised level is rapidly getting higher, especially in Asian countries. As a result of this, urban traffic has become a serious problem that is doing harm to our daily life. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, as an effective solution, is being deployed worldwide. It combines the advantages of metro, light rail and also of conventional buses. BRT has big capacity, good service, and the most outstanding feature, high safety level for all road users. This thesis starts with nowadays traffic problems and points out that Bus Rapid Transit, as a new type of public transit, is an effective remedy that can improve urban traffic. Then it introduces Bus Rapid Transit system, and its practices from selected countries. Both evaluation and improvement are made for better systems in the end of the chapter. The main part focuses on Bus Rapid Transit system's safety level in terms of affecting other road users. Various systems with different bus lane layouts are discussed and some suggestions are made to improve road safety for different layouts. In the last part, the thesis is concluded, and future expectation is left for further researches.
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Zevenbergen, Philip G. "Implementing mass transit : a case study of the CyRide system in Ames, Iowa and its implications for mass transit in Manhattan, Kansas." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3900.
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Ghanim, Mohammad Shareef. "Development of dynamic real-time integration of transit signal priority in coordinated traffic signal control system using genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Agarwaal, Akkshhey. "Performance Evaluation of a Public Bus-transit System based on Accessibility to the People." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1603646337091268.
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Wentzel, Lisa. "Urban Mobility among Lower Income Communities in Jakarta : A Study of the Bus Rapid Transit System." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34713.
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Urban planning research in developing countries has often focused on slum upgrading. Lately environmental issues have become increasingly important as well. Hence, transportation is an important field, as basis for the development of cities in developing countries, yet few studies on transport for the urban poor in developing countries have been conducted. Studies, which have been conducted, identify mobility as an important attribute for peoples employment opportunities, and, therefore, improving their living conditions. In Jakarta, transportation is, along with the battle against flooding and poverty, one of the most important issues for the future. This study explores the field of urban mobility in low-income communities in Jakarta, by looking at the newly implemented Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, through an explorative, descriptive and part explanatory approach. The BRT has been implemented to ease the chaotic traffic situation in Jakarta. But, in literature, BRT systems are argued to benefit the lower-income population as it provides cheap and fast transportation. The field study concludes that the BRT is used with restriction among the low-income residents, who were interviewed, due to several reasons. It infers that the BRT routes do not suite the travel patterns of the residents, besides, the fare including transfer costs becomes expensive. Consequently, the BRT has yet to make a significant impact on the low-income residents in Jakarta.Minor Field Study (MFS)
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Masingi, Carol. "Righting The Wrongs Of The Past: Corridors Of Freedom As A Pathway To Inclusive Development." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30929.
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South African cities are still largely unequal where the urban poor’s right to the city is not adequately addressed. As a result of the legacy of apartheid and the various housing policies that have been adopted to address housing segregation, Johannesburg remains spatially fragmented with the urban poor remaining isolated in the periphery of the city far from places of employment and opportunity. With the decentralization and deindustrialization of employment, commuting for the urban poor has become more time consuming and costly with an average monthly commute costing R1 500.00. The City of Johannesburg has committed to tackling these structural and spatial inequalities that exist in Johannesburg through its flagship programme called Corridors of Freedom. Corridors of Freedom aims to transform the spatial inequalities in Johannesburg through the creation of geographies of inclusion using transit oriented development (TOD). This is through investing in public transport with the development of the Rea Vaya Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) and inclusionary housing as the backbone to eradicate spatial. Corridors of Freedom aims to address housing segregation through the extension of the Rea Vaya BRT system in peripheral townships and through inclusionary housing provision to promote inclusive development in Johannesburg. This study will evaluate whether Corridors of Freedom and its associated developments have the potential to improve the lives of potential beneficiaries of two townships, Kagiso in the West Rand and Soweto. The study seeks to understand how the presence of the Rea Vaya BRT system can assist the urban poor’s access to the city and places of employment and opportunity. A comparison is made between Soweto residents who directly benefit from using the Rea Vaya buses and the Kagiso residents who do not have access to the Rea Vaya buses. Several stakeholders were interviewed including both the residents of Kagiso and Soweto. It was concluded that the Rea Vaya BRT system is a poverty-reduction strategy for the urban poor and an attempt from the City of Johannesburg to correct the existing spatial inequalities.The Rea Vaya Bus Rapid Transit system along with well-located social housing is an important step towards addressing inclusivity and bringing people close to places of employment and opportunity.
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蘇力行 and Lek-hang Lake So. "Studying the feasibilities of electronic road pricing and bus rapid transit to solve traffic congestion in Guangzhou city proper." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41680777.
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Dreier, Dennis. "Assessing the potential of fuel saving and emissions reduction of the bus rapid transit system in Curitiba, Brazil." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176398.
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The transport sector contributes significantly to global energy use and emissions due to its traditional dependency on fossil fuels. Climate change, security of energy supply and increasing mobility demand is mobilising governments around the challenges of sustainable transport. Immediate opportunities to reduce emissions exist through the adoption of new bus technologies, e.g. advanced powertrains. This thesis analysed energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of conventional, hybrid-electric, and plug-in hybrid-electric city buses including two-axle, articulated, and biarticulated chassis types (A total of 6 bus types) for the operation phase (Tank-to-Wheel) in Curitiba, Brazil. The systems analysis tool – Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR) and a carbon balance method were applied. Seven bus routes and six operation times for each (i.e. 42 driving cycles) are considered based on real-world data. The results show that hybrid-electric and plug-in hybrid-electric two-axle city buses consume 30% and 58% less energy per distance (MJ/km) compared to a conventional two-axle city bus (i.e. 17.46 MJ/km). Additionally, the energy use per passenger-distance (MJ/pkm) of a conventional biarticulated city bus amounts to 0.22 MJ/pkm, which is 41% and 24% lower compared to conventional and hybrid-electric two-axle city buses, respectively. This is mainly due to the former’s large passenger carrying capacity. Large passenger carrying capacities can reduce energy use (MJ/pkm) if the occupancy rate of the city bus is sufficient high. Bus routes with fewer stops decrease energy use by 10-26% depending on the city bus, because of reductions in losses from acceleration and braking. The CO2 emissions are linearly proportional to the estimated energy use following from the carbon balance method, e.g. CO2 emissions for a conventional two-axle city bus amount to 1299 g/km. Further results show that energy use of city bus operation depends on the operation time due to different traffic conditions and driving cycle characteristics. An additional analysis shows that energy use estimations can vary strongly between considered driving cycles from real-world data. The study concludes that advanced powertrains with electric drive capabilities, large passenger carrying capacities and bus routes with a fewer number of bus stops are beneficial in terms of reducing energy use and CO2 emissions of city bus operation in Curitiba.
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Devshatwar, Ganesh Rangnath. "Modeling and analysis of an inflatable lap belt airbag restraint system for frontal crash protection of mass transit bus operators." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2506.
Full textAbstract:
Mass transit bus is one of the key modes of transportation, especially in highly populated areas of the United States (US). Review of literature has shown that there is very little research, which focuses on the safety and comfort of a bus operator. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has a Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS). FARS shows that there were 300 fatal bus accidents during the period from 1995 to 1999. Statistical data also shows that 16 bus operators suffered fatal injuries during the period from 1991 to 2000.
The operators end up driving for long duration of time, which makes the three-point type of belt restraint system uncomfortable. This may also lead to stress and fatigue. The use of a two-point seat belt restraint system may be more comfortable for the operator since his hands and torso will be unrestrained. However, the physical sled testing of this seat belt configuration revealed severe life threatening risk for the operator. It was observed that the Head Injury Criteria (HIC15) value was above the threshold limit of 700 and the femur load value was well over their allowable threshold limit of 10,000 N. The Neck Injury Criteria (Nij) value was very close to the allowable threshold limit of 1. Thus, safety and comfort of the transit bus operator appear to be contradictory to each other.
In this research, an effort had been made to develop a methodology to design an airbag restraint system for a mass transit bus operator, which can satisfy the two contradictory objectives. An Inflatable lap belt type of airbag restraint system has been previously implemented in aircraft safety. This system is comprised of a two-point restraint type seat belt system with an airbag embedded in it. This type of airbag safety system was tested in this study for a mass transit bus operator with an aim to keep the HIC and the Nij values within allowable limits. Additional knee-padding was designed to minimize the femur loads. All of the research was conducted for frontal impact of a bus with the rigid-wall crash condition.
A model development of a two-point restraint type seat belt system was carried out with the occupant simulation code, MADYMO. This model is validated with the help of physical sled test data. The baseline simulation model was used to develop the numerical model of an inflatable lap belt airbag restraint system. With the help of numerical models, the prototypes of airbag and inflators were manufactured. A physical sled test was also carried out for this system under frontal impact condition. This test data was utilized to validate the simulation results obtained from the MADYMO model.
The physical sled testing as well as numerical models were developed for the three-point belt restraint system. Except the femur injury, all of the injuries were within the allowable safe limit. A physical sled test with the airbag and the knee-padding was also conducted to test the performance of an inflatable lap belt airbag restraint system. A knee-padding played a vital role to minimize the femur injury.
The Results from this study can be utilized in the design and development of a safety belt system for optimal protection of mass transit bus operators in the event of a frontal impact crashes. This study can be utilized further for designing the safety restraint system for other crash conditions.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
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Gromotovič, Ivan. "Modelování a simulace elektromechanických přechodných jevů v elektrizační soustavě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413126.
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This work deals with the issue of evaluating transient stability in the simulation program PSCAD. Factors affecting transient stability were analyzed on a single-machine SMIB model. The results of this analysis confirmed the theoretical assumption that for more accurate results of the analysis of transient stability, it is necessary to consider the mentioned factors. A short circuit was simulated on the IEEE9 test model and subsequently the load angles of the generators were monitored using various methods. The method of reference of the largest generator in the system proved to be a more suitable method for the assessment of relative load angles from the results of the analysis.
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Fudu, Nonkanyiso. "Evaluate the effectiveness of the bus rapid transit system within the context of the local economic development in reference to the Nelson Mandela Bay municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010422.
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The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality implemented a new regulated public transport system with the objective to support the Economic and Social development of the City. The system will be done by transforming current diversified minibus taxi and bus operations into integrated city wide system which will provide the citizens with efficient, affordable, accessible and safe public transport services. The decision was based on the 2006 Public Transport Plan (PTP) prepared by Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. The long term strategy is based on the Nelson Mandela Bay 2020 Vision taking into account national and provincial transport policies. (Public Transport Operational Plan Draft 2008). The plan has been developed by the municipality in collaboration with the Eastern Cape Department of Roads and transport supported by the National Department of Transport.
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Huang, Hung-Yueh, and 黃鴻越. "Assessment Model of Service Quality for Bus Rapid Transit Systems." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75273493044782629490.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
102
Bus Rapid Transit System was first implemented in South America and its successful experience had been learned by cities around the world. The BRT systems have been tremendously grown in the last decade. From 1992 to 2001, only 23 cities had implemented new BRT systems or busways while 123 cities have implemented BRT systems since 2002. Today, more than 168 cities around the world have implemented 4,400 kilometers of BRT which carry over 30 million daily passenger trips. However, there were few researches on the evaluation of service quality for BRT systems. This paper aims to develop a method for accessing the service quality of BRT system. First, delay has been selected as the SQ indicator based on review of previous researches. Then, the data and influences of important factors on delay are generated by the simulation of Taichung BRT system. Regression analysis is then applied to develop the mathematical model and identify the relationship of delay and other important factors. Last, the study proposes the classification model for SQ accordingly. It is expected that the results of this paper could help of conducting SQ assessment and formulating improvement strategies for the existing BRT systems as well as conducting planning and design of new BRT systems.
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Liu, Tsung-Nan, and 柳宗男. "The Comparison Research on the Transfer Systems of Bus Rapid Transit." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19098907600975639190.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
運輸科技與管理學系
100
When transportation developments advanced from highway transportation to railway transportation, it is a big challenge to integrate two of them to one. To find a transit system which can complementary both of them and make it work perfectly is also a big challenge. The density of routes and urban developments are indivisible, take balance between two of them and also undamaged environments are especially important. Limited resources caused us to use it more efficiently. It is also an important question by using modern transit systems to solve the Last one mile question, and then enhance people by using public transportation systems. This study is trying to solve these questions by using three different connection systems: fixed point and trips bus transit system, demand responsive transit system, taxi-pooling transit system, and discusses four different types of situations based on time and space limits. At last find the optimized selection of these different situations on the basis of lowest prices, wish to reach a win-win prospects of operators and users.
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Galvão, Marcelo de Lima. "Schematic bus transit maps for the web using genetic algorithms." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18403.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesThe octilinear schematic map, layout recognized worldwide in metro maps, is an important transit informative tool. This research investigates how algorithms for the visualization of schematic maps can be availed in mobile web devices context in order to empower the efficiency in transmitting information of bus transit maps. A genetic algorithm for path octilinear schematization technique has been used and tested to create the schematic data. Location-based and interactivity functionalities were embedded to the resulting digital maps in order to create personalized maps to meet specific user needs. A prototype of a web application and real transit data of the city of Castellón in Spain was used to test the methodology. The results have shown that real time schematizations open possibilities concerning usability that add extra value to schematic transit maps. Additionally, suggested improvements have been made to the genetic algorithm and performance tests show that genetic algorithms are adequate, in terms of efficiency, to sketch bus transit maps automatically.
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Xu, Zhe-Wei, and 許哲瑋. "Multiple Period Fare and Level of Service Optimization for Bus Transit Systems in Regulated Environments." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32680884892275665482.
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Sheu, Jer-Wei, and 許哲瑋. "Multiple Period Fare and Level of Service Optimization for Bus Transit Systems in Regulated Environments." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95980620849108800867.
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Khwathisi, Ntsieni Colin. "An evaluation of Intelligent Transport System: A case study of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Rea-Vaya in Johannesburg, South Africa." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/915.
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MURPDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning
This study focuses on the evaluation of intelligent transport systems making use of the BRT-Rea-vaya in Johannesburg as a case study. This study was motivated by the observation that few studies have been conducted in the study area that tackle explicitly intelligent transport systems evaluation. Intelligent transport systems can assist in improving private and public transportation systems and operations performance. In the public sector where various modes of transport such as the taxi, metro bus, metro rail, Gautrain and the BRT Rea-vaya operates, intelligent transport systems present opportunities for improving Level of Service (LOS) delivery. In Johannesburg, the BRT Rea vaya system was adopted by the Johannesburg metropolitan municipality to provide a safe, reliable, efficient and accessible public transport system. The BRT Rea vaya system is aimed at providing a better public transport, operating systems and service. For the BRT Rea vaya systems to achieve its primary goals and objectives, an intelligent transport system was incorporated to better manage the BRT Rea-vaya systems operations and activities. The study disclosed the status quo, opinions and attitudes of commuters regarding their experiences with the BRT Rea vaya public transport systems in Johannesburg. Furthermore, the study investigated whether the original objectives and aims of intelligent transport system in the BRT Rea-vaya have been meet. A central theme of the investigation is seeking to understand constraints and opportunities regarding BRT Rea-vaya intelligent transport systems‘ operations and activities in Johannesburg. The use of primary and secondary data such as questionnaires, key informant interviews, observation, journals and previous researches related to intelligent transport systems were used to acquire an in-depth understanding of the operational management of BRT Rea-vaya intelligent transport system. Collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) with the aid of Microsoft Excel making use of descriptive statistics, regression analysis, cross tabulation and chi-square test. This was presented using tables, graphs, maps etc. Qualitative data was analyzed making use of a thematic approach. The study resonates in the need for rapid public transport systems to provide lessons for improving and adopting intelligent transport systems. As an end product, the research provided a framework of analysis on how to integrate intelligent transport systems in the context of Bus rapid transit systems.
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Copithorne, Dana. "A GIS approach for improving transportation and mobility in Iqaluit, Nunavut Territory." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3770.
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Planning for transportation within northern Canadian communities presents
unique challenges, but new research tools offer opportunities for testing potentially
innovative solutions that might help improve mobility within these communities. In
particular, problem solving has been enriched in recent years by using the spatial
modeling methods offered by Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This thesis first
reviews various GIS methods before applying one method – the ‘Route Utility Theory’ –
to a newly-developed set of metrics for determining the cost of alternate modes of intracommunity
transportation. This set of metrics is applied to a data set that represents the
trips or journeys made by non-car users in Iqaluit, the capital city of Nunavut Territory.
GIS data on roads, walking trails, land contours, and public and residential
neighbourhoods are analyzed. The results facilitate comparisons between road options
and trail options for improving the movement of people within Iqaluit. Five bus routes
were then custom designed and compared using the study’s metrics. The study found
that increasing bus and trail options within Iqaluit would provide more efficient options
for non-car users. It is argued that the study’s metrics can be adapted for application in
other northern communities, and possibly in other isolated and rural communities in
different world situations.Graduate
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Forsey, Robert David. "An Ex Post Evaluation of the Ridership Impacts of the VIVA Bus Transit System." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/30596.
Full textAbstract:
The Regional Municipality of York introduced a new bus service known as VIVA in 2005. Although it has been deemed a success by many, it remains to be seen to what degree transit use was affected by its introduction. This study shows that transit ridership in York jumped substantially immediately after the implementation of VIVA. Furthermore, it is determined that the majority of new transit users in York are making home-based work or post-secondary school trips. To evaluate this, home-based work and post-secondary school generalized extreme value discrete choice models are estimated. Improvements in transit service are found to have a greater impact on transit mode share than increases in congestion for both work and post-secondary school trips. It is also, however, concluded that transit improvements played a relatively small role in the considerable shift to transit amongst post-secondary students.
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Dibakwane, Sipho Moses. "Public participation in the bus rapid transit system in Johannesburg." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12157.
Full textAbstract:
The formulation and implementation of the Bus Rapid Transit Network
system (BRT) or Rea Vaya in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) was met
with different views from the Johannesburg general public. Some sections
of the public accepted the BRT, while others rejected it. The reason for the
initial rejection was the lack of public consultation, while those with a
positive view conceded that the BRT was a good concept in transforming
the public transport system of Johannesburg. This study investigated how
the public participated in the BRT. The study was conducted through the
qualitative research methodological approach. Primary in-depth interviews
and documentary analysis were undertaken to answer the research
question.
The findings of the study indicate that public participation in the BRT was
orchestrated haphazardly because of the lack of a proper governance
system on public participation. The CoJ’s only concern appeared to be
meeting the deadline to provide efficient transport services during the
Confederations and World Cup Soccer tournaments of 2009 and 2010
respectively. The study concludes that the processes of engaging the
public to participate in BRT formulation and implementation were flawed.
The study finally recommends that the CoJ should develop governance
systems on public participation.The systems should include a tailor-made
public participation policy and institutional mechanisms to support critical
engagement with the public.
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SHI, XIAN-ZHI, and 蘇先知. "A study of feeder bus system for mass rapid transit." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94091326502360994154.
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Lu, Ying-Chih, and 呂英志. "Development Strategies and Technology Application of Bus Rapid Transit System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73826564639458291709.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
97
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system integrates efficiency of rail transport and flexibility of bus transport to achieve fast, convenient, comfortable, and low pollution goals. Due to features of comparatively low cost and short construction period, a well planned and designed BRT network can also help of implementing the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) policy, which has been recognized as an essential policy in land use planning and urban development for achieving sustainability. This study explores how various strategies and technology application for BRT to attain TOD. First, various BRT systems in representative cities are then compiled and compared based on literature review and field survey. Strategies and technologies of applying BRT for TOD planning are then proposed and evaluated. Results of this research should help of defining the role and function of BRT systems and of selecting appropriate technologies for development of BRT projects.
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Lai, Yueh-Chen, and 賴玥蓁. "A Study on the Suitable Conditions for Bus Rapid Transit System." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88297696262405408145.
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碩士國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
95
In order to upgrade the service quality and standard in the metropolitan area, the government usually takes mass transportation systems into consideration. Characteristics of such systems include exclusive land rights, high capacities, high frequencies, high speed, and good service standards. Smaller cities usually cannot afford such systems because of the large construction and operation costs, especially now that the government is in an unstable financial situation. The Bus Rapid Transit System has many benefits and is less expensive than the Light Trail Transit System. Therefore, the Bus Rapid Transit System is becoming more popular in the international arena by satisfying the public transportation demand. There is only one Bus Rapid Transit System in the country, which connects Chia-Yi and the High Speed Rail station in Tai-boo. However, it has encountered many hardships during the implementation process. Our research tries to determine the suitable qualifications and conditions that could serve as reference during the construction period. Our research adapts city-type and shuttle-type system, which are more specifically divided into simple-type and full-type systems. However, all basic-systems belong to the corridor system condition. Furthermore, the suitable corridor conditions and characteristics for the Bus Rapid Transit System include corridor length, development process, and traffic service conditions. Under the circumstance in which revenue is able to balance the construction and operation costs, this research tries to evaluate the Bus Rapid Transit System model in the city-type and shuttle-type condition. The relationship between the different corridor lengths and their respective revenues is analyzed. We are interested in whether the revenue is larger than or equal to the cost rate and capacity combination. Finally, our research also takes into consideration the impacts caused by subsidies. Form conclusions, we can know that with same bus rapid transit system type without subsidies condition, taking city-type for example, when the road length is 5km, the traffic capacity on 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 times of the price, the demand requires 3482、2921、2612 people individually. And when the road length ups to 15km , the demand requires 26717、17278、13414 people individually. As a result, we can see when the length is longer, the traffic demand and price is higher. In addition, with the same situation with subsidies, when the road length is 5km, the traffic capacity on 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 times of the price, the demand requires 549、519、472 people individually. From above mention, we can get conclusions that the require condition will lower the demand when there is subsidies existing. Therefore, we can say that subsidies have impacted in bus rapid transit system obviously.
48
Lin, I.-Cheng, and 林奕成. "A Study on Designing a Bus Transit System for Mass-Events." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26006473215298766579.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
全球運籌管理研究所
97
The research intention of this paper is to design a bus transit system for a mass-event during a period of event. Mass-events usually refer to large-sized shows or exhibitions which gather over 10,000 people for similar purposes. We can imagine that once a mass-event is held, the traffic around the venue will easily go out of control. Traffic jams around the venue will not only influence the residents’ regular life but also decrease the pleasure of participants. In order to prevent this situation, we try to design a bus transit system to provide transit service for participants. An effective bus transit system may not only increase the convenience of participating in the event and lower the time costs for the public, but also reduce the disturbance to the residents near the venues. The bus transit system we designed includes both location concept and routing concept, so we separate our problem into two stages. In stage one, we apply a revised p-median model to find out the number and locations of transit points; in stage two, we apply a VRP model to establish routes for transit buses based on what we obtain from stage one. The optimization software CPLEX 9.0 is used to solve the two optimization models. Testing results show that our two optimization models have the ability to give optimal solutions for each case.
49
Lin, Jung-Tso, and 林融佐. "A preliminary feasibility evaluation mechanism to identify light rapid transit system and bus rapid transit system corridor in urban area." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19601753559334517219.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
96
In recent years, due to the rapid growth of the number of cars in Taiwan, the current road capacity and parking space have already been insufficient in urban areas. Although the government has drafted many new projects of road constructions to satisfy the ever-increasing number of cars and transportation demand, the construction speed cannot meet the need of growing transportation and it can't solve the problem of traffic congestion, either. Therefore, it has become the main goal of every country in recent years to reduce the usage of personal vehicle and develop and expand the mass transit system in. To upgrade the service level and quality of the public transportation, we generally take implementing the mass transit system into consideration. However, the construction and operating cost of the mass rapid transit system is so huge that most cities are faced with financial difficulty. As a result, we consider whether we have substitute transit system, hoping to satisfy the current transportation demand under the condition of low-cost and solving the traffic problem. This research uses literature review method to collect relevant data about the light rapid transit system and the bus rapid transit system and to sort relevant evaluation indicators for each dimension. Next we use the method of university-government collaboration to discuss and modify the indicators repeatedly. Finally, by means of group decision making, we select some evaluation indicators that are appropriate and representative. Besides, we also conduct professionals and scholars investigating and apply Rough Sets Theory to learn their viewpoint and common consensus, hoping to build a decision-making database that is comprehensive, objective, representative, and adequate. It can serve as reference resources when evaluating and planning the light rapid transit system and the bus rapid transit system. Lastly, we focus on the county-controlled cities in Taipei County as our objects of filed analysis. Using the adequate evaluation mechanism that we build, we hope to find the potential routes in Taipei County in which we can implement the light rapid transit system or the bus rapid transit system.
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Sheng, Bo-Xiong, and 盛柏雄. "The Framework of Feeder Bus Planning – Case Study of Feeder Bus Routes for Taichung Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73760753932228826956.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
運輸科技與管理學系
101
Following the trend of Transit-Oriented Developments (TOD), the Taichung City Government implements the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT), in which urban buses will become highly important public transport facilities in Taichung, thus effectively enhancing the quality of public transport services and attracting passengers to take public transportation. However, there must also be complete and dense bus networks with optimized transport planning around the each bus stop or bus station to attract the public to take advantage of the BRT system. As the existing bus networks do not provide complete services to the BRT stations, this study aims to increase the availability of the BRT system by adjusting the existing bus feeder routes. Most of the conventional adjustment for bus routes are based on the subjective judgment of the planner, which is incomplete without considering the demand for actual travel times.In order to understand the characteristic features of urban bus services, this study uses the e-ticketing transaction information from the Taichung City Bus Ticketing System to analyze the ticket transaction data of the entire month and explore the trip distribution among Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs) using the origin-destination (OD) trip matrix for Taichung citizens. Then, the Database Management System (DBMS) and the Geographic Information System (GIS) are used to process the ticket information. As bus stops are assigned to the Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs) in Taichung City, bus trips are transformed into TAZ trips, which can further help clarify the attractions in every TZA. This study compares demand partitions with existing road networks to review the unserviceable demand partitions in the road networks, clarify the adjustment rules for shuttle bus routes, and work out the adjustment principles for bus feeder routes, so that the existing routes can meet travel needs and provide transportation services for the BRT stations. Meanwhile, this study also develops adjustment principles and program proposals for the bus feeder routes.Finally, through spatial analysis in QGIS, this study searches for the bus routes nearby in unserviceable demand partitions for extension or adjustment of the diversion structure and adjusts the routes based on travel and transportation needs around the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) stations. After reviewing the differences in the routes before and after adjustment through partition availability indicators, the results show that adjustment principles can improve the availability of the BRT, thus providing references for the public transport system and implementation of public transport policies.