Journal articles: 'BUS POWER SYSTEM'

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Liu, Yongwei, Yu Cheng, Kehai Bao, Houchun Li, and Zhihao Wan. "Design of Power Supply System for High Power SAR Satellite." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2361, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2361/1/012016.

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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite power system has the characteristics of high power, pulse power supply and fast response speed. Based on the combination of domestic and foreign SAR satellite power supply structures, a SAR satellite power supply system scheme with a composite bus architecture is proposed in this paper. By adding battery discharge regulators (BDR) between the platform bus and the SAR load bus as a grid-connected controller, the SAR load bus can supply power to the platform load, and the solar array and battery pack can be used efficiently while achieving dual bus output. Aiming at the composite bus, this paper also proposes an efficient high-power filter technology. Finally, the ground test results verify the correctness of the scheme, which can meet the different power supply requirements of the SAR satellite stable and pulse load equipment.

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Suganya, R., M. Anitha, and P. Pugazhendiran. "Enhancement of Power Quality in Four Bus System Using Hybrid Power Flow Controller." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012028.

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Abstract To mitigate the impacts of voltage sag, a hybrid power flow controller (HPFC) finds a spot between the sending and receiving terminals. This research work deals with the comparison of four bus systems employing UPFC and HPFC. Simulation is done for 4 bus system using UPFC and HPFC. The outcomes are associated with respect to the voltage, active power and Reactive power. The outcomes exemplifies the grander enactment of HPFC controlled 4 bus system compared to UPFC controlled 4 bus system.

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Djibo, Marounfa `., Paul Moses, and Ike Flory. "Fault Protection Considerations for MVDC Shipboard Power Systems Operating with Pulsed-Power Loads." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 16 (August 2, 2021): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2021.16.14.

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Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) power distribution architectures are of immense interest for various shipboard power applications due to their advantages over classical MVAC distribution systems with respect to power quality, power density, and efficiency. However, MVDC are far away from maturity when compared to MVAC with respect to fault detection and isolation. Currently, there are no standards available for applying MVDC protection systems in shipboard applications. Furthermore, due to the absence of zero crossings in DC waveforms and unique transient fault signatures, it is challenging to design effective protection system schemes to isolate faults via conventional protection systems. This paper investigates and analyses various types of shipboard MVDC dynamic fault behaviours and signatures under different DC bus disturbances such as: bus to ground, bus to bus to ground, and impact of Pulsed-Power Load (PPL) with and without faults on a shipboard MVDC distribution system. Furthermore, a communication-based fault detection and isolation system controller that improves upon a directional ac overcurrent relay protection system is proposed offering additional protection discrimination between faults and PPLs in MVDC systems. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed protection controller, different bus current disturbances are simulated within a time-domain electromagnetic transient simulation of a shipboard power system including a PPL system operating with different ramp rate profiles, pulse widths, peak powers, and fault locations

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Airoboman, Abel, and T. M. Tyo. "Power Loss Determination, Assessment and Enhancement of the Nigerian Power System Network." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 1, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v1i2.22.

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For sustainability to be recorded in the Nigeria power sector (NPS), there must be a well-integrated system that is not easily prone to failure and is readily available when called into action. The NPS has overtime suffered from degraded infrastructure, policy paralysis to mention but few. However, if the needful is done with respect to identifying weak links in the network and a corresponding fast action in clearing failures along the line(s) then, some remarkable achievements could be recorded. This paper, therefore, carried out power flow analysis using the Newton Raphson Algorithm on the Electrical Transient Analyser Program (ETAP) version 12.6 on the NPS network using Maryland transmission station (MTS), Lagos, Nigeria as a case study. The choice of the location was as a result of the sensitivity of Lagos State in the economic activities of Nigeria. Results from the load flow indicated several voltage violations at load1 bus, load3 bus and load5 bus with magnitudes of 94.51, 94.91 and 94.79 % respectively. Consequently, transformers designated as T2A and T3A were said to have the highest and lowest branch losses of 150.0kW and 18.2kW respectively. Compensation of the losses along the line was carried out using optimal capacitor placement (OCP) subjected to constraints on the ETAP environment. The results from the OCP showed that it optimally sized and placed four capacitor banks on four of the candidate buses, which include load1 bus, load2 bus, load3 bus and load5 bus. An improvement of 2.26%, 1.12%, 1.93%, 1.12% and 2.006% were recorded for load1 bus, load2 bus, load3 bus, load4 bus and load5 bus respectively.

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Sundaravazhuthi*, V., Dr A. Alli Rani, and M. Manoj Kumar. "Raise Voltage Stability Limit of a Power System using Reactive Power Compensation Technique." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (October 30, 2019): 2931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k1752.1081219.

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In recent years, voltage stability problems have been increasing since power systems operate close to stability limits. The voltage stability problem of a power system is associated with a rapid voltage drop due to heavy system load and it occurs because of inadequate reactive power support at some critical bus. One of the serious consequences of the voltage stability is a system blackout, and this has received more attention in recent years. Accurate determination of stability limit and amount of reactive power injection to stabilize is important.This paper proposes to determine voltage stability margin of a critical bus and also provide amount of reactive power injection to the bus particularly during overload, a simple two bus equivalent model of the power system is used to determine the maximum apparent power for different power factors. Any required apparent power can directly obtained by correcting the reactive power at critical bus. Experimental results support our theoretical findings.

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Hoang Bao Huy, Truong, and Vo Ngoc Dieu. "A search group algorithm for optimal power flow in power systems." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K9 (April 15, 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik9.1672.

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Economic operation of the electric energy generating system is one of the common problems in power system. This paper presents a new metaheuristic optimization method, the Search Group Algorithm (SGA) for solving optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The proposed method is tested for 11 different cases on the IEEE 30-bus and IEEE-118 bus systems, in which the IEEE 30-bus system is tested with different objective functions including quadratic function, valve point effects and multiple fuels. The obtained results are compared with some well-known optimization algorithms to emphasize the effectiveness of the SGA method for solving different OPF problems with complicated functions.

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Sheng Li, Yuting Lu, Can Zhang, and Yuting Zhu. "Physical test study on power system voltage collapse." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 13, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2022.13.3.0197.

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In order to test and verify the phenomena of power system voltage collapse, this article chooses a single-load infinite-bus system and a single-machine single-load system as the sample systems based on the PS-5G test system to carry out the voltage stability physical tests, and an induction motor and an adjustable resistor are used to constitute the comprehensive load. The test results show that in the single-load infinite-bus system, with the decrease of the adjustable resistance gradually, the comprehensive load active power is gradually increasing and the load bus voltage is gradually decreasing; and the slight adjustment for the adjustable resistance can cause the load bus voltage collapse when the induction motor has the locked-rotor. In the single-machine single-load system, the locked-rotor of the induction motor can lead to the occurrence of the reactive power limit-induced bifurcation, it causes the terminal voltage of the synchronous generator and the load bus voltage to have an instantaneous collapse. The test results are conducive to comprehend the mechanisms of voltage instability and collapse in power systems.

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GÜMÜŞ, Talha Enes, Selçuk EMİROĞLU, and Türker Fedai ÇAVUŞ. "REDUCING ACTIVE POWER LOSSES WITH OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER DISPATCH IN 114 BUS NORTHWESTERN ANATOLIAN POWER SYSTEM." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES, no. 18 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.17366/uhmfd.2022.18.5.

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Aim: In this study, it has been proposed to solve the Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) problem with Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to minimize the active power losses and voltage fluctuations in the 114 bus Northwestern Anatolian (NWA) power system. Method: The ORPD problem, which is modeled as a nonlinear optimization problem, has been solved by using GA. The ORPD problem has been applied to a large 114 bus power system in Northwestern Anatolia. By solving the ORPD problem, terminal voltages of generators and reactive power values of shunt compensators, which are optimal control variables, have been found. Control variables values to minimize active power losses and voltage fluctuations have been obtained by using GA. Results: The proposed approach has successfully solved the ORPD problem by finding the voltage values of the generators and the sizes of the reactive power sources which are the control variables of the optimization problem. The aim of the ORPD problem is to minimize power losses and to reduce the voltage deviations in the system considering some operational constraints. The proposed approach has been applied to the 114 bus NWA power system and it has been observed that the active power losses are reduced by 4.63% and the bus voltage deviations are decreased from 0.08 to 0.0798 after ORPD. Conclusion: By solving the ORPD problem, active power losses and voltage fluctuations at buses are simultaneously minimized by ensuring that all bus voltages remain within the defined limits in the 114-bus NWA power system. Simulation studies have shown that with the proposed ORPD approach, the bus voltages remain within the specified limits and the active power losses are reduced compared to the first case. The reduction in bus voltage deviations means that the system becomes more stable in terms of stability. Thus, while saving is achieved by increasing the efficiency in the power system, it is also possible to monitor the stability of the system.

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CHATURVEDI, Sudhir Kumar CHATURVEDI. "An analytical review for the power system of a spacecraft." INCAS BULLETIN 14, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.2.2.

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Electrical bus is needed for the operation of all active spacecraft systems and subsystems. In the spacecraft mechanism, the battery charging system and the bus storage continued with bus control, the conditioning and bus distribution is an essential part for keeping the spacecraft in working mode. In this paper, the discussion for electrical power system (EPS) analysis in the spacecraft body will be elaborated from the previous research papers on this subject covering the topics of solar array, solar array drive, over current and over voltage protection, battery charging and discharging, bus control, conversion.

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Zhu, Qi Shen. "The Application of Remote Monitoring System Based on FPGA in Power System." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4038.

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Modbus bus has been widely used in the power system. For the seamless integrated realization of enterprise control and management information, the remote interaction of Modbus bus meter data is needed. This design is based on the problems involved in the process of practical power system application. Using FPGA EP2C35F672 hardware platform, UART, DM9000A external chips are extended to complete remote operation and monitoring of Modbus equipment. The field bus and the Internet network interconnection can be realized, so the decentralization and open for control system are improved. The design can be used to rebuild the existing power field bus network. This design has good prospects and practical value.

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Khujaev, Abumuslim, Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam, Ahmad Adel Alsakati, and Jamal Alnasseir. "Stability enhancement of power system with the implementation of power system stabilizer PSS and excitation system IEEE Type-1." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2120, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012022.

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Abstract Stability of power system is an ability of an electric power system that reaches its stable condition after fault happens in its network. The system is unstable when one generator loses its stable synchronism performance. This paper investigates the transient stability of an IEEE 9-bus system during faults that happen in different bus locations. Additionally, the analysis contributes to the integration of the exciter IEEE type-1 for synchronous generator and integration of power system stabilizer (PSS) to improve the power angle stability in the power system. The fault at bus 4 has the highest amplitude in which it increases to 77.58 degrees for the power angle of Synchronous Generators (SGs). The absence of PSS showed that the existing system oscillated and it is unstable. However, the integration of PSS enables the system to damp the oscillations of power angle and reduce the settling time to 5.69 seconds during the fault at bus 4. Moreover, the PSS is connected to SGs through the excitation system to improve the stability of the system in relative power angle of SGs, speed deviation, and electrical power of SGs. Hence, the integration of PSS and excitation system enhances the transient stability of the power system.

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M, Sinan, Sivakumar W M, and Anguraja R. "Power System Voltage Stability analysis with Renewable power Integration." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 6 (April 30, 2021): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.f8828.0410621.

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The purpose of this research is to find the loading limit of a power system before hitting voltage instability and to assess the margin to voltage instability of a system consisting of a wind farm. An index called Bus Apparent Power Difference Criterion (BSDC) is used to find maximum loadable point. The measure depends on the way that in the region of the voltage collapse no extra apparent power can be delivered to the affected bus. The analysis is performed combination of wind power injection at different wind speeds and line outages in the network. In the feasibility and siting studies of wind farms the steady state analysis with network contingencies give the utility or the developer a sense of network condition upon the injection of power in the network. However, the extent of voltage stability impacted due to load growth in the system is not assessed. The research paper makes way to assess the impact on voltage stability margin with obtaining the maximum loadable point of the system and assessing the best suited bus to integrate a wind farm into the system.

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Memon, Zeeshan Anjum, Dalila Mat Said, Mohammad Yusri Hassan, Hafiz Mudassir Munir, Faisal Alsaif, and Sager Alsulamy. "Effective Deterministic Methodology for Enhanced Distribution Network Performance and Plug-in Electric Vehicles." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 7078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097078.

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The rapid depletion of fossil fuel motivates researchers and policymakers to switch from the internal combustion engine (ICE) to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). However, the electric power distribution networks are congested, which lowers the accommodation of PEVs and produces higher power losses. Therefore, the study proposes an effective deterministic methodology to maximize the accommodation of PEVs and percentage power loss reduction (%PLR) in radial distribution networks (RDNs). In the first stage, the PEVs are allocated to the best bus, which is chosen based on the loading capacity to power loss index (LCPLI), and the accommodation profile of PEVs is developed based on varying states of charge (SoC) and battery capacities (BCs). In the second stage, the power losses are minimized in PEV integrated networks with the allocation of DG units using a recently developed parallel-operated arithmetic optimization algorithm salp swarm algorithm (AOASSA). In the third stage, the charging and discharging ratios of PEVs are optimized analytically to minimize power losses after planning PEVs and DGs. The outcomes reveal that bus-2 is the most optimal bus for accommodation of PEVs, as it has the highest level of LCPLI, which is 9.81 in the 33-bus system and 28.24 in the 69-bus system. The optimal bus can safely accommodate the largest number of electric vehicles, with a capacity of 31,988 units in the 33-bus system and 92,519 units in the 69-bus system. Additionally, the parallel-operated AOASSA mechanism leads to a reduction in power losses of at least 0.09% and 0.25% compared with other algorithms that have been previously applied to the 33-bus and 69-bus systems, respectively. Moreover, with an optimal charging and discharging ratio of PEVs in the IEEE-33-bus radial distribution network (RDN), the %PLR further improved by 3.08%, 4.19%, and 2.29% in the presence of the optimal allocation of one, two and three DG units, respectively. In the IEEE-69-bus RDN, the %PLR further improved by 0.09%, 0.09%, and 0.08% with optimal charge and discharge ratios in the presence of one, two, and three DG units, respectively. The proposed study intends to help the local power distribution companies to maximize accommodation of PEV units and minimize power losses in RDNs.

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Dr.B., Gopinath, Kalyanasundaram M., Pradeepa M., and Karthika V. "Locating Hybrid Power Flow Controller in a 30-Bus System Using Chaotic Evolutionary Algorithm to Improve Power System Stability." Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijsesc.8382.

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Wang, Hui, Jiang Wu, Hou Lei Gao, and Jian Hua Yuan. "Research on Photovoltaic DC Power Supply System for Office." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1996–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1996.

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This paper discusses the post stage power supply circuit’s structure of electronic appliances such as laptops, desktops, mobile phones and digital cameras, which are commonly used in office. The advantages and feasibilities of DC power supply’s substitution for AC are analyzed. On this basis, a DC power supply system consists of photovoltaic cells, batteries, AC/DC modules, DC/AC modules as well as DC loads is brought forward. The main power supply unit, photovoltaic cells, connects the DC bus through a DC regulator circuit. The bus voltage can be maintained stable by real-time adjustment of photovoltaic cells’ output power. The battery module connects the DC bus through a bidirectional Boost-Buck circuit. The charges and discharges of batteries can be real-time controlled according to the bus voltage level. The AC/DC module connects the DC bus as a backup, which can real-time detect the bus voltage to determine whether to start. The DC/AC module can supply power to ordinary AC loads and the DC loads are usually powered from the bus through DC/DC converters.

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Kasturi, Kumari, Chinmay Kumar Nayak, and Ranjan Nayak. "Analysis of Photovoltaic & Battery Energy Storage System Impacts on Electric Distribution System Efficacy." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 1001–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2020.12.4.18.

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Uncertain nature of renewable energy sources like solar irradiation poses a serious concern of loss of power supply reliability. Battery energy storage (BES) system helps in improving system reliability by storing surplus energy generated and supplying the load in case of energy deficit. Thus BES allows improvement of microgrid performance and reduces operational cost by increasing the utilization of renewable energy sources. This paper presents an energy management strategy (EMS) to dictate the power flow among photovoltaic (PV) panels, BES and the load considering a proposed time-of-use (TOU) pricing as the control factor. Its efficacy in improving power supply reliability as well as power quality issues of a 69-bus radial distribution system (RDS) is evaluated from technical performance indices like power loss, voltage deviation index and security margin and economic performance considering costs of power import from the grid and active power loss and financial benefit from battery discharge. Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), is used to optimize the sizes and placements of three PV-BES units to minimize an objective function aptly formulated combining the technical performance indices using weighted sum method. The results are contrasted against another two cases of with only PV and without PV and BES integration. Finally, the proposed system is analysed from economic perspective and the benefits obtained are compared. The results are evident of both technical and economic advantages of integrating both PV and BES units at optimal locations (load bus). The optimization results obtained from GOA have been compared with that from Genetic Algorithm (GA). GOA proves to be fast, effective and reliable in resolving power flow optimization problem.

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Kudithi, Nageswara Rao, and Sakda Somkun. "Single Phase Power Generation System from Fuel Cell." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1676-1684.

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Power conditioning circuits are required for the fuel cell systems due to its nature in energetic state. This paper proposed the small signal average modelling of a duel active bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter with LC filter, to generate the single phase AC power by using the H1000 fuel cell system. The controller is designed for the stable operation of the system. Implemented the controller, which gives the constant output voltage to DC-bus from the DAB DC-DC converter, this DC-bus voltage fed to the inverter, which inverts the DC-bus voltage to single Phase AC power with the LC-filter. The proposed system simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink.

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Ayuev, B., V. Davydov, P. Erokhin, V. Neuymin, and A. Pazderin. "The Geometry of Power Systems Steady-State Equations– Part II: a Power Surface Study." Energy Systems Research, no. 3(11) (December 27, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2020.03.0006.

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Steady-state equations play an essential part in the theory of power systems and the practice of computations. These equations are directly or mediately used almost in all areas of the theory of power system states, constituting its basis. This two-part study deals with a geometrical interpretation of steady-state solutions in a power space. Part I has proposed considering the power system's steady states in terms of power surface. Part II is devoted to an analytical study of the power surface through its normal vectors. An interrelationship between the entries of the normal vector is obtained through incremental transmission loss coefficients. Analysis of the normal vector has revealed that in marginal states, its entry of the slack bus active power equals zero, and the incremental transmission loss coefficient of the slack bus equals one. Therefore, any attempts of the slack bus to maintain the system power balance in the marginal state are fully compensated by associated losses. In real-world power systems, a change in the slack bus location in the marginal state makes this steady state non-marginal. Only in the lossless power systems, the marginal states do not depend on a slack bus location.

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A. Hussein, Nabil, Ayamn A. Eisa, Hassan M. Mahmoud, Safy A. Shehata, and El-Saeed A. Othman. "Interline power flow controller (IPFC) characterization in power systems." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 10, 2018): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14894.

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Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have been proposed in the late 1980s to meet and provide the electrical power system requirements. FACTS are used to control the power flow and to improve the power system stability. Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is a versatile device in the FACTS family of controllers and one of its latest generations which has the ability to simultaneously control the power flow in two or multiple transmission lines. This paper is tackling the IPFC performance in power systems; it aims to discuss the availability to define a known scenario for the IPFC performance in different systems. An introduction supported with brief review on IPFC, IPFC principle of operation and IPFC mathematical model are also introduced. IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus systems have chosen as a test power systems to support the behavior study of power system equipped with IPFC device. Three different locations have chosen to give variety of system configurations to give effective performance analysis.

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Lu, Zhiqi, Ziwen Fang, Baolei Dong, Xiaobin He, and Jun Huang. "Research on bus converter for SAR satellite composited bus system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012018.

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Abstract The composite bus system is a new type of satellite power system, which is suitable for high-power SAR satellites. The bus converter in the compound bus system is very important. This paper analyzes the design requirements of the bus converter, selects PSM LLC as the topology of the bus converter, and verifies the rationality of the scheme through simulation.

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Sharma, Ram Gopal. "Simulation of IEEE 9 Bus System in PSCAD Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34956.

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Fault analysis study is the important parameter of economic, reliable and secure power system planning and operation. Power system studies are important during the planning and conceptual design stages of the project. This paper presents the fault analysis on IEEE-9 bus system. The line to ground fault is created on bus 5th and analyzed the variation in Voltage, Real power, Reactive power on different buses. The fault at 5th bus of IEEE-9 bus system is analyzed on PSCAD software.

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Zhao, Yao, Ru Qi Cheng, Geng Shen Zhao, and Zhi Hua Zha. "Power Optimal Utilization of DС Bus Micro-Grid System." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.820.

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Multiple distributed generations construct the micro-grid system through the DC bus, each distributed generation has its own maximum power point, research on the method to improve the overall utilization of the DC bus. Discussed the micro-grid including solar photovoltaic and wind power generations, built the mathematical model of the two generations, used simulation methods to get the power output curve, proposed the improved MPPT method for the DC bus to obtain maximum power. Through micro-grid experimental platform, verify the method is effective to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the DC bus.

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Bouhadouza, B., T. Bouktir, and A. Bourenane. "Transient Stability Augmentation of the Algerian South-Eastern Power System including PV Systems and STATCOM." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 3 (June 7, 2020): 5660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3433.

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The transient stability of the 12-bus Algerian southeast power system is studied in this paper. This electrical system has abundant reactive power due to the long transmission lines and generators’ voltage. This capacitive power increases bus voltage which leads to network instability. The use of conventional compensators does not provide adequate and fast solutions. FACTS technology improves the efficiency of these compensators in solving the problem of power system instability efficiently. Among its elements, a synchronous compensator STATCOM control is proposed to decrease bus overvoltage and damping oscillations. Disturbance at bus B-1 is taken into consideration. This disturbance represents the photovoltaic (PV) array which exploits the abundantly available solar irradiation in the desert of Algeria. Various simulation tests have been carried out using NEPLAN software and the proposed design algorithms are proved in the relevant discussion.

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Shete, Raviraj Vardhaman, Sangharsh Sunil Patil, Sarang Krushna Pujari, Pravin Raju Chougale, and Prof R. J. Kodulkar. "“Bus Pass System”." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 813–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42345.

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Abstract: Online Student Bus Pass Generation system is a web application for students to get bus passes through online. Before this application implementation the manual process is used to do the process of issuing the Bus pass to the students. This Manual process requires man power and more time consuming. The system is intended to develop an application to perform functions like accessing basic information for authentication and provide passes without the need to wait in any queue. Online bus pass generation system is for students to get pass through online. Before this application implementation the manual process is used to do the process of issuing the bus pass to the students. To avoid such difficulties, we implemented this system.

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Verayiah, Renuga, Azah Mohamed, and Syahirah Abd Halim. "Reactive Power Tracing Index LQP_LT for Voltage Unstable Load Bus Identification in Power Systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp889-898.

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Existing power systems are significantly susceptible to voltage instability problem since such systems are stressed with the huge power transfers across the grids. To guarantee power system stability during stressed conditions, it is important to first identify the voltage unstable load buses to determine appropriate locations for under voltage load shedding. In this study, a new method is proposed for determining weak load bus locations by using reactive power tracing to develop a novel reactive power tracing capable index, named as LQP_LT. The reactive power tracing algorithm is integrated with the LQP_LT index formulation to generate priority ranking list of weak load buses. The LQP_LT index was tested on the 57 bus system and the resulting priority ranking list is found to have successfully determined the weak load buses for load shedding in the test system. Comparison with other stability indices revealed that the LQP_LT has better sensitivity and response towards determining the location of the weakest load bus for under voltage load shedding implementation.

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Nesvadba, Martin, Jiří Duroň, and Vladislav Singule. "Study of Influence of Increased Bus Voltage on Motor Insulation System." Solid State Phenomena 164 (June 2010): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.164.255.

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The target of this paper is to evaluate influence of increased bus voltage of power converter on motor insulation system. This is required for the evaluation of motors for 800 V DC bus based servo-amplifiers. Increase of DC bus voltage is a logical consequence of higher power needs for servo-drive systems.

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Chen, Gonggui, Lilan Liu, and Shanwai Huang. "Enhanced GSA-Based Optimization for Minimization of Power Losses in Power System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/527128.

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Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is a heuristic method based on Newton’s law of gravitational attraction and law of motion. In this paper, to further improve the optimization performance of GSA, the memory characteristic of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed in GSAPSO for searching a better solution. Besides, to testify the prominent strength of GSAPSO, GSA, PSO, and GSAPSO are applied for the solution of optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) of power system. Conventionally, ORPD is defined as a problem of minimizing the total active power transmission losses by setting control variables while satisfying numerous constraints. Therefore ORPD is a complicated mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem including many constraints. IEEE14-bus, IEEE30-bus, and IEEE57-bus test power systems are used to implement this study, respectively. The obtained results of simulation experiments using GSAPSO method, especially the power loss reduction rates, are compared to those yielded by the other modern artificial intelligence-based techniques including the conventional GSA and PSO methods. The results presented in this paper reveal the potential and effectiveness of the proposed method for solving ORPD problem of power system.

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Daud, Muhamad Zalani, Azah Mohamed, and M. A. Hannan. "An Optimal Control Strategy for DC Bus Voltage Regulation in Photovoltaic System with Battery Energy Storage." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/271087.

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This paper presents an evaluation of an optimal DC bus voltage regulation strategy for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system with battery energy storage (BES). The BES is connected to the PV system DC bus using a DC/DC buck-boost converter. The converter facilitates the BES power charge/discharge to compensate for the DC bus voltage deviation during severe disturbance conditions. In this way, the regulation of DC bus voltage of the PV/BES system can be enhanced as compared to the conventional regulation that is solely based on the voltage-sourced converter (VSC). For the grid side VSC (G-VSC), two control methods, namely, the voltage-mode and current-mode controls, are applied. For control parameter optimization, the simplex optimization technique is applied for the G-VSC voltage- and current-mode controls, including the BES DC/DC buck-boost converter controllers. A new set of optimized parameters are obtained for each of the power converters for comparison purposes. The PSCAD/EMTDC-based simulation case studies are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed optimized control scheme in comparison to the conventional methods.

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Aruna, Ms T. N. "Kovai Spot Bus - Bus Recommendation System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 1921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51962.

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Abstract: Kovai spot bus is a real time project which is useful for the people who is the facing problems with the current manual work of bus searching. Kovai spot bus system contains all bus with their route details. The main purpose of this software is to reduce the manual errors involved in the travel process and make it convenient for the people to manage their bus details. This project has been made simpler and interactive. This is an android application used to find out the bus number from one place to another place. User need to give the details of source and destination.

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Sreeshobha, E., and P. V. N. Prasad. "Economic profit estimation of tranmission system using novel contingency ranking with markov modelling." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp565-572.

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<p>Technique to evaluate probability of occurrence of selected contingencies of 6 Bus Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) and IEEE 9 Bus system by Markov modelling is presented in this paper. Obtained probabilities for selected contingencies are validated by comparing with binomial distribution based probabilities. Load flow analysis and performance index based contingency ranking of total elements of 6 bus RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems is simulated by Power System Simulation for Engineers (PSSE) software. Novel reliability evaluation technique which unify contingency ranking with Markov modeling is proposed for RBTS and extended to IEEE 9 Bus system. Accuracy, completeness and simple to implement are salient features of proposed novel reliability evaluation method. Reliability of RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems can be improved by incorporating Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) device. Improvement in the reliability and economic revenue of RBTS and IEEE 9 Bus systems due to Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) incorporation is evaluated.</p>

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Reusch, David, Johan Strydom, and Alex Lidow. "Improving System Performance with eGaN® FETs in DC-DC Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 000764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-wp63.

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The intermediate bus architecture (IBA) is currently the most popular power system architecture in computing and telecommunications equipment. It typically consists of a +48 V system power distribution bus that feeds on-board isolated converters, which in turn supply power to a 12 V power bus. From the 12 V power bus, the final power is delivered to the end loads by regulated non-isolated point of load (POL) converters. In this paper we demonstrate substantial system gains using enhancement mode gallium nitride power transistors in high frequency isolated and non-isolated DC-DC converters. These transistors, also known as eGaN® FETs, have been commercially available for over three years and are making significant inroads replacing the aging silicon power MOSFET.

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Gupta, Santosh Kumar, and Sanjeev Kumar Mallik. "Fast assessment of the voltage stability using reconfigured power system network and artificial neural network approaches." Engineering Research Express 5, no. 3 (August 25, 2023): 035047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/acf189.

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Abstract Planning and running power systems must take voltage stability into account. Instability is mostly caused by the power system’s failure to supply the demand for reactive power. The voltage stability margin must be understood by utilities if they are to operate the power system with the highest level of security and dependability. This paper uses reconfigured 12 bus, 10 bus, and 8-bus reconfigured networks of the interconnected IEEE 14 bus system to demonstrate the proposed quick method for assessing the voltage stability. The original (IEEE 14 bus) and the reconfigured (12 bus, 10 bus, and 8-bus) systems’ voltage stability has been evaluated using the line stability index indicators: fast voltage stability index (FVSI), line voltage stability index (LVSI), and line stability index (Lmn). Based on the maximum loadability factor, the contingencies for the original and reconfigured systems are ranked. The system loadability factor is used as the input parameter, and the LVSI, Lmn, and FVSI indices for the critical line under critical contingency are used as an output to train the ANN network. It has been found that there is no discernible difference between the actual (NR method) and predicted (ANN approach) output. For accessing the voltage stability of the IEEE 14 bus system by its reconfigured networks using the proposed approach, the computational time and error are very low, showing the effectiveness, rapidity, and accuracy of the suggested approach.

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Dhana Sai Sri, M., and P. Srinivasa Varma. "Evaluation and Analysis of Available Transfer Capability in Deregulated Power System Environment." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 9, 2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.16399.

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Reliability of network is need of the hour in the present power system market and is constrained by capability of the network. The network calculations are performed using accurate and high efficient strategies. In order to perform power transactions in the system, the computation of available transfer capability is essential which a metric of capability of the system. Generally, effect wattless power is not taken into account in the methodologies for computation of linear available transfer capability. In this paper, a methodology which considers the reactive power flows for enhancement of linear ATC is presented. In order to perform analysis theoretically, a standard IEEE 3 bus system is considered. Another case study i.e., 14 bus system available in IEEE test systems is used for simulation analysis. FACTS technology is incorporated in the existing system in order to enhance capability of the network. To facilitate transfer maximum power in the system, an optimal power-flow-based ATC enhancement model is formulated and presented along with simulation results. Studies based on the IEEE 3-bus system and 14-bus systems with TCSC demonstrate the effectiveness of FACTS control on ATC enhancement.

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Mondal, Anannya, Md Rifat Hazari, Mohammad Abdul Mannan, and Junji Tamura. "Hybrid Power System Frequency Control including Wind Farm using Battery Storage System." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 19, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v19i1.56.

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Fixed speed wind turbine-squirrel cage induction generator (FSWT-SCIG) based wind farm (WF) is increasing significantly. However, FSWT-SCIG have no frequency control capability, which creates a significant problem on power system steady-state stability. This paper represents a new operational strategy to control frequency of the entire power system including large-scale FSWT-SCIG based WF by using battery storage system (BSS). The proposed cascaded control of BSS is designed to provide effective amount of real power during steady-state period to damp frequency fluctuations. To evaluate the validity of the proposed system, simulation studies are executed on a reformed IEEE nine-bus power system with three synchronous generators (SGs) and SCIG-based WF along with BSS. The simulation results indicate that the proposed system can be an effective solution to reduce frequency fluctuations of the hybrid power system during steady-state condition.

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Lee, Bae-Geun, Joonwoo Lee, and Soobae Kim. "Development of a Static Equivalent Model for Korean Power Systems Using Power Transfer Distribution Factor-Based k-Means++ Algorithm." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246663.

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This paper presents a static network equivalent model for Korean power systems. The proposed equivalent model preserves the overall transmission network characteristics focusing on power flows among areas in Korean power systems. For developing the model, a power transfer distribution factor (PTDF)-based k-means++ algorithm was used to cluster the bus groups in which similar PTDF characteristics were identified. For the reduction process, the bus groups were replaced by a single bus with a generator or load, and an equivalent transmission line was determined to maintain power flows in the original system model. Appropriate voltage levels were selected, and compensation for real power line losses was made for the correct representation. A Korean power system with more than 1600 buses was reduced to a 38-bus system with 13 generators, 25 loads, and 74 transmission lines. The effectiveness of the developed equivalent model was evaluated by performing power flow simulations and comparisons of various characteristics of the original and reduced systems. The simulation comparisons show that the developed equivalent model maintains inter-area power flows as close as possible to the original Korean power systems.

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Kundu, Shubhrajyoti, Mehebub Alam, Biman K. Saha Roy, and Siddhartha Sankar Thakur. "Allocation of Optimal PMUs for Power System Observability Using PROMETHEE Approach." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (March 26, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1625853.

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Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are becoming a vital measurement device in wide-area monitoring, operation, and control. The allocation of PMU at each bus will make that bus directly observable. However, considering the high installation costs, it is not feasible to place PMU at each bus. Thus, placing the PMUs at optimal locations is extremely important. In this study, the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluation (PROMETHEE)-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique has been applied for the optimal allocation of phasor measurement units (PMUs) with the aim of achieving full system observability. Along with the entire network observability, the proposed approach provides maximum measurement redundancy (MR) too. Unlike some previous popular MCDM techniques, the proposed approach obtains optimal PMU placement (OPP) solution without performing pruning operations. Different criterion has been formulated to construct a decision matrix (DM). This DM helps in calculating the net outranking flow (NOF) of all the buses during the PROMETHEE approach. Based on the maximum NOF value, the PMUs are placed at those buses. The proposed approach also considers the inclusion of zero injection buses (ZIBs). Further, cases such as single PMU outage and existence of conventional measurements have been considered while determining optimal locations of PMUs. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated on IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus, and 118-bus systems, one Indian practical utility, i.e., Northern Regional Power Grid (NRPG) 246-bus system, and larger Polish 2383-bus system. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it has been compared with some of the popular existing techniques.

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Shahparasti, Mahdi, Amirhossein Rajaei, Andres Tarraso, Jose David Vidal Leon Romay, and Alvaro Luna. "Control and Validation of a Reinforced Power Conversion System for Upcoming Bioelectrochemical Power to Gas Stations." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121470.

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This paper presents a proposal for potential bioelectrochemical power to gas stations. It consists of a two-level voltage source converter interfacing the electrical grid on the AC side and an electromethanogenesis based bioelectrochemical system (EMG-BES) working as a stacked module on the DC side. The proposed system converts CO2 and electrical energy into methane, using wastewater as the additional chemical energy input. This energy storage system can contribute to dampening the variability of renewables in the electrical network, provide even flexibility and grid services by controlling the active and reactive power exchanged and is an interesting alternative technology in the market of energy storage for big energy applications. The big challenge for controlling this system lays in the fact that the DC bus voltage of the converter has to be changed in order to regulate the exchanged active power with the grid. This paper presents a cascade approach to control such a system by means of combining external control loops with fast inner loops. The outer power loop, with a proportional-integral (PI) controller with special limitation values and anti-windup capability, is used to generate DC bus voltage reference. An intermediate loop is used for DC bus voltage regulation and current reference generation. A new proportional resonant controller is used to track the current reference. The proposed scheme has been validated through real-time simulation in OPAL OP4510.

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Gongada, Sandhya Rani, Muktevi Chakravarthy, and Bhukya Mangu. "Power system contingency classification using machine learning technique." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 3091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.4031.

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One of the most effective ways for estimating the impact and severity of line failures on the static security of the power system is contingency analysis. The contingency categorization approach uses the overall performance index to measure the system's severity (OPI). The newton raphson (NR) load flow technique is used to extract network variables in a contingency situation for each transmission line failure. Static security is categorised into five categories in this paper: secure (S), critically secure (CS), insecure (IS), highly insecure (HIS), and most insecure (MIS). The K closest neighbor machine learning strategy is presented to categorize these patterns. The proposed machine learning classifiers are trained on the IEEE 30 bus system before being evaluated on the IEEE 14, IEEE 57, and IEEE 118 bus systems. The suggested k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier increases the accuracy of power system security assessments categorization. A fuzzy logic approach was also investigated and implemented for the IEEE 14 bus test system to forecast the aforementioned five classifications.

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Phanendra Babu, N. V., P. Suresh Babu, and D. V. S. S. Siva Sarma. "A New Power System Restoration Technique based on WAMS Partitioning." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 4 (August 9, 2017): 1811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1197.

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An important feature of a Wide-Area Measurement System (WAMS) is the ability to recover data during a communication failure. This paper presents a novel scheme of partitioning a PMU installed power network into a number of WAMS regions in order to make the power system restoration process simpler. This algorithm also proposes the optimal placement of Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs) in each region to record the data from PMUs. This paper considers the restoration constraints like transformer equivalent bus, generation-load balance and the observability of region for the partitioning of power system. The proposed scheme is demonstrated with an IEEE-30 bus system. It is then applied on IEEE-39, IEEE-118 bus systems and on a Northern Regional Grid of the Indian Power Grid.

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Hilawie, Ahadu, and Fekadu Shewarega. "Static Voltage Stability Assessment of Ethiopian power System Using Normalized Active Power Margin Index." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 9, no. 40 (December 15, 2022): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/ew.v9i40.141.

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Voltage stability assessments, made so far on the Ethiopian electric power system (EEP), are limited both in number and in methodology. Here, in this paper the static voltage stability of the Ethiopian power system is investigated using an index called normalized active power margin. The methodology starts from determining Thevenin equivalent of a system as viewed from the load buses. The Thevenin equivalent parameters help to determine the load bus maximum active power transfer limit and to draw the PV relation curves. The approach avoids the time-consuming method of PV curve based maximum active power transfer determination, which requires large number of power flow computations. The resulting maximum active power transfer and current operating active power load are used for the index calculation. The index is tested using IEEE 30 bus system and produced results matching with other previously established indices. The index is capable of ranking vulnerability of load buses to voltage instability. Then, scenarios of heavy load and light load EEP cases, with and without system reactive power compensation, are investigated. Results reveal weakest buses are supplied from 66kV transmission lines, load bus 232 being the weakest of all. On the other hand, the most stable buses are supplied from 132 kV transmission lines, bus 149 being the most stable bus. PV curves drawn, also, reveal the improvement that come with reactive power compensation and with operating in light load condition.

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Kumar, Abhimanyu, Abhishek Kumar, Rammohan Mallipeddi, and Dong-Gyu Lee. "Adaptive Backward/Forward Sweep for Solving Power Flow of Islanded Microgrids." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 9348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249348.

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This paper presents an algorithm for solving the power flow (PF) problem of droop-regulated AC microgrids (DRACMs) operating in isolated mode. These systems are based on radial distribution networks without having a slack bus to facilitate conventional computations. Moreover, distributed generation units have to distribute the power and voltage regulation among themselves as a function of operating frequency and voltage droop rather than having a slack bus that regulates voltage and power demands. Based on the conventional backward/forward sweep algorithm (BFS), the proposed method is a derivative-free PF algorithm. To manage the absence of a slack bus in the system, the BFS algorithm introduces new loops, equations, and self-adaptation procedures to its computation procedures. A comparison is presented between the proposed BFS algorithm and other state-of-the-art PF algorithms, as well as PSCAD/EMTDC. In comparison to existing algorithms, the proposed approach is fast, simple, accurate, and easy to implement, and it can be considered an effective tool for planning and analyzing islanded DRACMs.

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42

Li, Ang. "Simulation and Application of Power System Stabilizer on Power System Transient Stability." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010258.

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This paper introduces the working principle and the mathematical model of additional power system excitation control-Power System Stabilizer (PSS). Through established a typical single machine-infinite bus power system simulation model, we simulate the synchronous generator’s transient operational characteristics following a severe disturbance. The simulation results show that the PSS can not only effectively increase the system damping, but also improve operational characteristics of the generator, considerably enhance power system dynamic and transient stability.

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Adeiah James, Penrose Cofie, Anthony Hill, Olatunde Adeoye, Pam Obiomon, Charles Tolliver, and Justin Foreman. "Alleviating power line congestion through the use of a renewable generation." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 013–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2022.7.2.0117.

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Over the past few decades, there has been an ever-increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Generation in the power grid. However, unlike in the past, where fossil fuel generating plants are mostly located in remote areas, and in the proximity of the source of energy, the most common of the renewable generations, such as solar power systems, are haphazardly sited close to the loads because the source of energy, the sun, exists almost everywhere. This unplanned siting of renewable generating systems aggravates the power distribution lines congestion that already exists due to the power distribution deregulation. This paper presents a procedure that takes advantage of utilization and proper placement of Photovoltaic (PV) power systems to alleviate power line congestion. In this procedure, the base case load flow, without the solar generating system, is performed on the distribution network. And the bus with the lowest voltage is identified; this low voltage bus is indicative of congestion in the lines connecting the identified bus. A PV power system is then tied to that bus; the capacity of the PV generation is varied heuristically to determine the optimality that mitigates the congestion on the lines. The procedure is followed to test a 9-bus IEEE power system, and the results are presented.

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Sreejith, S., Sishaj Psimon, and M. P. Selvan. "Optimal location of interline power flow controller in a power system network using ABC algorithm." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0007.

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Abstract This paper proposes a methodology based on installation cost for locating the optimal position of interline power flow controller (IPFC) in a power system network. Here both conventional and non conventional optimization tools such as LR and ABC are applied. This methodology is formulated mathematically based on installation cost of the FACTS device and active power generation cost. The capability of IPFC to control the real and reactive power simultaneously in multiple transmission lines is exploited here. Apart from locating the optimal position of IPFC, this algorithm is used to find the optimal dispatch of the generating units and the optimal value of IPFC parameters. IPFC is modeled using Power Injection (PI) model and incorporated into the problem formulation. This proposed method is compared with that of conventional LR method by validating on standard test systems like 5-bus, IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems. A detailed discussion on power flow and voltage profile improvement is carried out which reveals that incorporating IPFC into power system network in its optimal location significantly enhance the load margin as well as the reliability of the system.

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Sutradhar, Suman. "Restructured Hydrothermal System: Slack bus Management." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 17 (July 4, 2022): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.17.

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In order to logically represent the power system, it is necessary to develop a concept to compensate various mathematical imbalances, for which the concept of slack bus came into the picture. But when large system is considered, the overall limit of slack bus is not sufficient to compensate the imbalances. In addition to this, the practical depiction of slack bus does not hold when multiple time intervals are considered in HTS problem. In this research, the concept of slack bus is modified and improved so that it can be used for a large power system in restructured hydrothermal system. Furthermore an improved ABC algorithm, i.e. GOABC is proposed, which provides superior diversity and enhanced convergence compared to ABC algorithm.

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Goh, Hui Hwang, Sy yi Sim, Omar Abdi Mohamed, Ahmed Farah Mohamed, Chin Wan Ling, Qing Shi Chua, and Kai Chen Goh. "Assessment of Power System Risk in Cyber-Attacks in View of the Role Protection Systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp184-191.

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<p>This paper presents a risk assessment method for assessing the cyber security of power systems in view of the role of protection systems. This paper examines the collision of transmission and bus line protection systems positioned in substations on the cyber-physical performance of the power systems. The projected method simulates the physical feedback of power systems to hateful attacks on protection system settings and parameters. The relationship between protection device settings, protection logic, and circuit breaker logic is analyzed. The expected load reduction (ELC) indicator is used in this paper to determine potential losses in the system due to cyber attacks. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate ELC’s account to assess the capabilities of the attackers and bus arrangements are changed. The influence of the projected risk assessment method is illustrated by the use of the 9-bus system and the IEEE-68 bus system.</p>

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Vijaya Krishna, B., B. Venkata Prashanth, and P. Sujatha. "Design and implementation of DPFC for multi-bus power system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10318.

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In current days, the power quality issues in the interconnected power system are mainly happens due to the demand of electricity and utilization of large non-linear loads as well as inductive/capacitive loads. The power quality cries are voltage sag and swell in multi-bus power system (MBPS). In this article studies on a two bus, three bus and five bus power systems using DPFC. In order to eliminate the voltage sag and swell in the MBPS, a distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is designed. The structure of the DPFC consists of three-phase shunt converter and three single series phase converters. Both these converters are arranged in back-back voltage source inverters (VSIs). These converters are controlled with help of the pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme. The feedback controllers and reference signals are derived the PWM for DPFC to magnify the power quality problems in MBPS. The performance of the model is investigated at different loads by making of MATLAB/Simulink model. The simulation results are presented.

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Li, Hua, Xudong Li, Weichen Xiong, Yichen Yan, Yuanhang Zhang, and Peng Kou. "Cooperative Voltage and Frequency Regulation with Wind Farm: A Model-Based Offline Optimal Control Approach." Energies 16, no. 17 (August 30, 2023): 6307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176307.

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Converter blocking is a serious malfunction encountered in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. During sending-end converter blocking, the resultant active power and reactive power surplus in the sending-end power system lead to a severe increase in bus voltage and grid frequency. Consequently, this poses a substantial threat to the stability of the power system. Traditional control techniques generally control the frequency and voltage separately, which makes it challenging to regulate them jointly. This research paper introduces a collaborative approach for optimal control of voltage and frequency to address this issue. State space models for converter bus voltage and grid frequency prediction are developed using the bus voltage sensitivity matrices and system swing equation. The regulation of the converter bus voltage and grid frequency are intrinsically integrated using the explicit model predictive control (EMPC). When blocking occurs and results in an increase in the converter bus voltage and grid frequency, the EMPC controller regulates the output of active power and reactive power from the wind farm to realize the cooperative regulation of the converter bus voltage and grid frequency. The applicability and effectiveness of this strategy have been confirmed through simulation studies.

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Ayuev, B., V. Davydov, P. Erokhin, V. Neuymin, and A. Pazderin. "The Geometry of Power Systems Steady-State Equations– Part I: Power Surface." Energy Systems Research, no. 3(11) (December 27, 2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2020.03.0005.

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Steady-state equations play a fundamental role in the theory of power systems and computation practice. These equations are directly or mediately used almost in all areas of the power system state theory, constituting its basis. This two-part study deals with a geometrical interpretation of steady-state solutions in a power space. Part I considers steady states of the power system as a surface in the power space. A power flow feasibility region is shown to be widely used in power system theories. This region is a projection of this surface along the axis of a slack bus active power onto a subspace of other buses power. The findings have revealed that the obtained power flow feasibility regions, as well as marginal states of the power system, depend on a slack bus location. Part II is devoted to an analytical study of the power surface of power system steady states.

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Lawal, Muyideen Olalekan. "A Simple Approach to Incorporating STATCOM into a Newton-Based Power Flow and Optimal Power Flow Algorithms." Journal of Electrical Technology UMY 7, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jet.v7i1.17957.

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Incorporating STATCOM into existing power flow (PF) or optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm usually requires the development of complex program codes to represent associated derivatives introduced by STATCOM power flow models. This procedure is time consuming as it may require various corrections of errors before having a suitable program that effectively solves the problem. To avoid this stress, an efficient way of incorporating STATCOM’s power flow models into an existing Newton-based PF and OPF algorithm is presented in this paper. These models introduce the magnitude and angle of the STATCOM’s source converter’s voltage as a state variable into the PF and OPF problem formulations. This work simply treats the STATCOM as a PV-bus with zero real power in existing PF and OPF algorithms. The proposed procedures were applied to a 5-bus test system and the results obtained were validated with similar works available in open literature. After a satisfactory performance, it was further applied to the 30-bus and 57-bus IEEE test systems. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed procedures in voltage profile improvement. For example, the PF results show that the voltage magnitudes of the two buses with STATCOM in the 30-bus system were improved from 0.9881 pu and 0.9702 pu to 1.027 pu and 1.041 pu, respectively. Also, the OPF results show that the voltage magnitudes of the three buses with STATCOM in the 57-bus system were improved from 1.063 pu, 0.90 pu and 0.9683 pu to 1.039 pu, 0.9796 pu and 1.0144 pu, respectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'BUS POWER SYSTEM'

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