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1
Kipps, Mark Rew. A modular approach to modeling an isolated power system on a finite voltage bus using a differential algebraic equation solving routine. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1994.
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2
IEEE Computer Society. Technical Committee on Microprocessors and Microcomputers., IEEE Standards Board, and American National Standards Institute, eds. IEEE standard for a versatile backplane bus: VMEbus. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1988.
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3
Hansen, Irving G. Variable speed induction motor operation from a 20-kHz power bus. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.
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4
IEEE Computer Society. Technical Committee on Microprocessors and Microcomputers. and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., eds. IEEE standard for a versatile backplane bus: VMEbus: An American national standard. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1988.
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5
Norton, Peter. Peter Norton's Windows 3.0 power programming techniques. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1990.
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6
Germany) Fachtagung Leistungselektronik und Intelligente Bewegungssteuerungen (1999 Magdeburg. Fachtagung Leistungselektronik und Intelligente Bewegungssteuerungen: Magdeburg, 24. bis 25. März 1999. Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Fakultät Elektrotechnik, 2002.
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7
Internationales Symposium Kommunaler Elektrizitätswerke (4th 1990 Aachen, Germany). Der EG-Binnenmarkt für Energie und Wettbewerb: Vorträge, gehalten auf dem V. Internationalen Symposium Kommunaler Elektrizitätswerke vom 24. bis 26. September 1990 in Aachen. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1991.
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8
GMA/ETG-Fachtagung Netzregelung (2nd 1990 Baden-Baden, Germany). Regelungs- und Steuerungskonzepte zur koordinierten Aktivierung von Wirk- und Blindleistung: 2. GMA/ETG-Fachtagung Netzregelung : Tagung Baden-Baden, 22. bis 23. Mai 1990. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag, 1990.
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9
Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE standard criteria for digital computers in safety systems of nuclear power generating stations. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1994.
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10
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Description of a MIL-STD-1553B data bus Ada driver for the LeRC EPS testbed. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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11
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Description of a MIL-STD-1553B data bus Ada driver for the LeRC EPS testbed. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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12
Thomas, Christopher John. Application of enhanced JETTY snoop filters to reducing bus traffic and snoop power in SMP and CMP systems. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.
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13
Quoss-Moore, Rebecca M. Gender and Position-Taking in Henrician Verse. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723534.
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Tradition, translation, and transcription in Henrician verse functioned together in systems of communally created, coded position-taking. Understanding this system as an extensive network of production and reception in which women took on many roles allows for new readings of Henrician verse that emphasize the interpretive range available to contemporary reading and writing communities. This restoration demasculinizes our approach to Henrician verse not only through a more equitable consideration of gender’s functions in that social world, but also in de-emphasizing individualized self-fashioning or authorial intent in favor of an engagement with communal production and shared sociopolitical engagement. The creation in this system is not of a code, but of systems for coding and recognizing position-taking. These communal systems offer a site for the intersection of reader and writer, of transcriber and composer, and of King and courtier in a space that questions, creates, and troubles power in the Henrician court.
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Sazhina, Muza, Anna Kashirova, Stanislav Makarov, and Egor Osiop. The social wealth of the innovation system. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1875920.
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The monograph reveals the key socio-economic problems of the innovation economy: its content as a knowledge economy and its role in evolutionary development; human capital (living intelligence) as the main resource of the innovation economy. Much attention is paid to the institutional support of innovation through a system of institutions and mutually beneficial contracts. The mixed mechanism of implementation of innovative activity as a synthesis of spontaneous market self-regulation and conscious public administration is shown. The result of the "social control" of society and the state is the coordination of the actions of economic entities and the ordering of economic processes.
The most important institution of human society is the family as a strong power in the state. And the person himself with his knowledge, culture, ethics and morality is the main value of society. The main purpose of the family is to reproduce life and provide a person with everything necessary. The state as an institution manages a person's education and health, helps to change his lifestyle, strengthening humanity, ethics, morality and culture of life.
The modern global economy remains a sphere of domination of market egoism. It is the market that performs the function of morality as a person and society as a whole. In the global economy, a person is not a representative of the people, but a representative of the system, a standard way of life. And he should live in communication based on respect for each other.
It is concluded that today the main wealth of society is not material, but social wealth: the person himself with his knowledge, culture, ethics and morality is a living intellect; a family with the reproduction of life; immaterial knowledge that covers all types of work that cannot be calculated and paid, where the motive is the joy of free cooperation, free giving and community. In this "invisible economy" people mutually teach each other humanity and create a culture of joint thinking and living together. The State and society must preserve and increase the social wealth of human society.
For students and postgraduates of economic and managerial specialties, as well as for anyone interested in this problem.
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Bashkatov, Aleksandr, Roman Zasedatelev, and Evgeniy Sumerkin. Computer programs in the electric power industry. Workshop. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048798.
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The workshop consists of two chapters. The first one is basic, in the form of 10 works aimed at studying primary-level application programs. The second-extended-contains guidelines for seven works with software complexes (systems "Electric", DIALux) and a description of the application of programs for project purposes (calculation of the crossbar, sPlan, "1-2-3 Scheme", etc.). Along with the practical section, each topic includes reference and information support in the form of theoretical material. The papers contain basic information about the operations performed with mandatory references to specialized literature, including a review of standard examples and individual tasks in the applications section for monitoring the knowledge gained. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students in the specialty "Power supply (by industry)" when conducting laboratory work on the academic discipline "Electrical Engineering", as well as when solving design problems, during course and diploma design, organizing practices. It can be useful not only for students of electric power specialties, but also for anyone who, by the nature of their activity, is faced with the need to perform calculations of electric networks using a computer.
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Sorace, Domenico, ed. Discipline processuali differenziate nei diritti amministrativi europei. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-586-3.
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Discipline processuali differenziate nei diritti amministrativi europei. Anyone in Europe who considers that they have suffered an abuse of power on the part of a public body can apply to a judge for justice. But this role is not restricted to a single judge. Not only is there a plurality of judges corresponding to the plurality of States in which they exercise their functions, but also (in the majority of cases) within each State there is more than one type of judge appointed to impose respect of the law even on public bodies, just as the procedures and manner in which the judicial action may materialise are also different. The protection of the citizens is differentiated, and this can be explained by the varying requirements or the different motivations which cannot always justify the deriving complications. The book explores this phenomenon, considering some of the principal European State systems, as well as the system of the European Union itself.
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Quadflieg, Sven, Klaus Neuburg, and Simon Nestler, eds. (Dis)Obedience in Digital Societies. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457634.
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Algorithms are not to be regarded as a technical structure but as a social phenomenon - they embed themselves, currently still very subtle, into our political and social system. Algorithms shape human behavior on various levels: they influence not only the aesthetic reception of the world but also the well-being and social interaction of their users. They act and intervene in a political and social context. As algorithms influence individual behavior in these social and political situations, their power should be the subject of critical discourse - or even lead to active disobedience and to the need for appropriate tools and methods which can be used to break the algorithmic power.
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Peerzadah, Mr Ehsaanul Haque, Dr Kamalkant Sharma, and Dr Inderpreet Kaur. Systematic Investigation of Power Flow Conditions in 5 Bus Power System based on Security Analysis. Independently published, 2019.
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19
Norton. Peter N'S Windows 3.0 Power To. Random House Information Group, 1990.
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20
Min, Lin. Improvement of oscillation stability of single-machine infinite-bus power systems by facts-based stabilizers. 1999.
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21
Der EG-Binnenmarkt fur Energie und Wettbewerb: Vortrage, gehalten auf dem V. Internationalen Symposium Kommunaler Elektrizitatswerke vom 24. bis 26. September ... fur Energierecht an der Universitat zu Koln). Nomos, 1991.
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22
Regelungs- und Steuerungskonzepte zur koordinierten Aktivierung von Wirk- und Blindleistung: 2. GMA/ETG-Fachtagung Netzregelung : Tagung Baden-Baden, 22. bis 23. Mai 1990 (VDI Berichte). VDI Verlag, 1990.
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23
Thompson, John M. Great Power Rising. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859954.001.0001.
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This book examines the relationship between domestic politics and Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy. It argues that, in spite of the complicated nature of the US system, with its overlapping powers, intense partisanship, and continuous scrutiny from the media and public, Roosevelt mostly succeeded in implementing his agenda. In the process, it contends, he played a crucial role in the nation’s rise to world power. The book places particular emphasis on four factors: Roosevelt’s compelling vision for national greatness, political skill, faith in the people and the US system, and emphasis on presidential leadership. It finds that public sentiment was not isolationist, as some historians have argued, but was willing to support all of TR’s major objectives. Roosevelt’s feel for the national mood was also crucial, as was his willingness to compromise or change his views when necessary. Topics covered by the book include Roosevelt’s early career in politics; relations with great powers such as Britain, Germany, and Japan; the Monroe Doctrine, the Roosevelt Corollary, and Latin America; the impact of immigration from China and Japan; and World War I.
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Feinberg, Melissa. The Power of the Powerless. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644611.003.0006.
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This chapter considers the fear of shortage or scarcity. The Stalinist period was a time of scarcity in Eastern Europe. Shortages of even basic goods were common; accordingly, the West defined Communist regimes as places of extreme deprivation. But when confronted with the spectacle of scarce goods, refugees were anything but powerless. Asked about the material situation at home, they emphasized their cleverness, guile, and ability to work the system in order to acquire whatever they needed. Many told stories of buying and selling on the black market or even denouncing others to improve their daily existence. But although many refugees emphasized how they defied the system, broke the law, and even bribed the police, these tales did not prompt Western analysts to revise their picture of Eastern Europe’s Communist regimes as totalitarian dystopias where the population was held powerless under the shadow of paralyzing fear.
25
Caramani, Daniele. 13. Party systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.003.0015.
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This chapter examines how competition between political parties gives rise to different party systems. In liberal democracies, competition for power is based on popular votes. The shape and dynamics of party systems are determined by the electoral game, with parties as main actors. A party system is thus essentially the result of competitive interactions between parties. A party system has three main elements: which parties exist, how many parties exist and how big they are, and how parties behave. An obvious but important point is that party systems must be composed of more than one political party. The chapter begins with a discussion of the origins of party systems, followed by an analysis of the format of party systems, such as two-party systems and multiparty systems. It then considers the influence of the electoral system on party systems before concluding with an assessment of the dynamics of party systems.
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Description of a MIL-STD-1553B data bus Ada driver for the LeRC EPS testbed. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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27
Description of a MIL-STD-1553B data bus Ada driver for the LeRC EPS testbed. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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28
Ryoo, Jean J., Jane Margolis, and Charis JB. Power On! The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14166.001.0001.
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A diverse group of teenage friends learn how computing can be personally and politically empowering and why all students need access to computer science education. This lively graphic novel follows a diverse group of teenage friends as they discover that computing can be fun, creative, and empowering. Taylor, Christine, Antonio, and Jon seem like typical young teens—they communicate via endless texting, they share jokes, they worry about starting high school, and they have each other's backs. But when a racially-biased artificial intelligence system causes harm in their neighborhood, they suddenly realize that tech isn't as neutral as they thought it was. But can an algorithm be racist? And what is an algorithm, anyway? In school, they decide to explore computing classes, with mixed results. One class is only about typing. The class that Christine wants to join is full, and the school counselor suggests that she take a class in “Tourism and Hospitality” instead. (Really??) But Antonio's class seems legit, Christine finds an after-school program, and they decide to teach the others what they learn. By summer vacation, all four have discovered that computing is both personally and politically empowering. Interspersed through the narrative are text boxes with computer science explainers and inspirational profiles of people of color and women in the field (including Katherine Johnson of Hidden Figures fame). Power On! is an essential read for young adults, general readers, educators, and anyone interested in the power of computing, how computing can do good or cause harm, and why addressing underrepresentation in computing needs to be a top priority.
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Asifa, Quraishi. Part 1 Constitutionalism and Islam: Conceptual Issues, 1.3 The Separation of Powers in the Tradition of Muslim Governments. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0004.
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Unlike the relationship between executive, judicial, and legislative powers in modern democracies, the classical Muslim balance of power was not between government entities but rather between the government as a whole and the nongovernmental forces of scholarly academia. Neither had absolute power over the law, and each institution recognized the other's presence and role in the system. This chapter offers a brief overview of this classical Muslim balance of power, summarizing how it is both similar to and different from the contemporary constitutional concept of a separation of powers. It suggests the ways in which classical Muslim structure of authority might provide useful insights for rule of law questions in Muslim majority countries today.
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Haberly, Daniel, and Dariusz Wójcik. Sticky Power. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870982.001.0001.
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Modern civilization revolves around money. However, money is a paradox. It is nothing more than a representation of and medium for decentralized networks of social trust, but its production is controlled by highly centralized networks of firms, places, and governments, and there is never enough of it to go around. Moreover, given that the creation of money, as credit, is based on expectations, money is at its heart an instrument for human agency to change the future. At the same time, however, the financial systems that produce money are deeply rooted in the past, and perpetuate themselves through history. This book seeks to deepen our understanding of the paradox of money, by introducing a novel conceptual lens—that of Global Financial Networks—to cast new light on the geography, history, politics, and sociology of finance from the middle ages to the global financial crisis and beyond. It shows that the power of finance is inherently “sticky”; with what are generally assumed to be new innovations such as “offshore” finance actually dating back centuries, and the architecture of global financial networks more broadly adapting to the rise and fall of empires and new technologies while changing surprisingly little in their basic character; or at most changing very slowly. A recognition of the mechanics of this durability, it is argued, calls for a new approach to reforming finance which is less reactively focused on regulation, and more proactively focused on building new institutional systems with a long-term “sticky power” of their own.
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Ganghof, Steffen. Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897145.001.0001.
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In a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not. The book defends this thesis and explores ‘semi-parliamentary government’ as an alternative to presidential government. Semi-parliamentarism avoids power concentration in one person by shifting the separation of powers into the democratic assembly. The executive becomes fused with only one part of the assembly, even though the other part has at least equal democratic legitimacy and robust veto power on ordinary legislation. The book identifies the Australian Commonwealth and Japan, as well as the Australian states of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia, as semi-parliamentary systems. Using data from 23 countries and 6 Australian states, it maps how parliamentary and semi-parliamentary systems balance competing visions of democracy; it analyzes patterns of electoral and party systems, cabinet formation, legislative coalition-building, and constitutional reforms; it systematically compares the semi-parliamentary and presidential separation of powers; and it develops new and innovative semi-parliamentary designs, some of which do not require two separate chambers.
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Clean air program: Use of hydrogen to power the advanced technology transit bus (ATTB) : an assessment. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, Office of Research Demonstration and Innovation, 1997.
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33
Landesparlamente und Föderalismus: Hat das parlamentarische System in den Bundesländern eine Zukunft? : Fachtagung des Hessischen Landtags und der Hessischen Landeszentrale für politische Bildung vom 9. bis 10. November 1988 im Hessischen Landtag, Wiesbaden. Wiesbaden: Hessischer Landtag, 1990.
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34
Jacobs, Lawrence, and Desmond King. Fed Power. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197573129.001.0001.
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The Federal Reserve, created more than a century ago, is the most powerful central bank in the world. The Fed’s power to alter the money supply, move interest rates, and to intervene to save Wall Street and large corporations helps many Americans, but not equally. Specific industries in finance and large businesses reap lopsided and often concealed benefits while homeowners, workers, and Americans of color slip further behind. The substantial expansion of the Fed’s power circumvents America’s constitutional checks and contributes to economic inequality and racial disparities. The second edition of Lawrence R. Jacobs and Desmond King’s Fed Power extends their decisive account of the Fed’s favoritism toward Wall Street and big business during the 2008–2009 financial crisis to the Fed’s unprecedented responses to the economic collapse sparked by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. In five chapters, Jacobs and King discuss the origins of the Federal Reserve System, its maneuvering to advance its capacity and autonomy to act independent of Congress and the presidency, and unprecedented support for Wall Street and big business during in the crises in 2008–2009 and 2020. Fed Power analyses how the scale of the Fed’s economic interventions since 2008 is provoking public unease, organized protests and advocacy, and congressional pressure for reform. The deadly coronavirus and the Movement for Black Lives are intensifying the push for democratic accountability, stringent regulation of banks, and new policies to reduce economic inequality and Black-White disparities. Fed Power is a corrective to both the Bank’s self-serving claims of serving the public even as it favors the best-off, and the reluctance of researchers to recognize the Fed’s role in America’s racial and economic inequalities.
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Flint, Colin. Geographic Perspectives on World-Systems Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.196.
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World-systems theory is a multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis. “World-system” refers to the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries, and the periphery countries. Though intrinsically geographical, world-systems perspectives did not receive geographers’ attention until the 1980s, mostly in economic and political geography. Nevertheless, geographers have made important contributions in shaping world-systems perspectives through theoretical development and critique, particularly in the understanding of urban processes, states, and geopolitics. The world-systems theory can be considered as a sub-discipline of the study of political geography. Although sharing many of the theories, methods, and interests as human geography, political geography has a particular interest in territory, the state, power, and boundaries (including borders), across a range of scales from the body to the planet. Political geography has extended the scope of traditional political science approaches by acknowledging that the exercise of power is not restricted to states and bureaucracies, but is part of everyday life. This has resulted in the concerns of political geography increasingly overlapping with those of other sub-disciplines such as economic geography, and, particularly, with those of social and cultural geography in relation to the study of the politics of place.
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Kelly, Gillian. Tyrone Power. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474452946.001.0001.
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One of the most popular actors of the Classical Hollywood period, Tyrone Power’s appeal was initially based around his outstanding beauty, his looks remaining key to his star persona throughout his 25-year career and almost 50 films, most of which were made at Twentieth Century-Fox, before his untimely death in 1958 at the age of 44. Although Power was one of Classical Hollywood’s major stars of the pre- and post-war years, he remains academically neglected. This book presents the first substantial academic study of Power and employs a range of approaches, including stardom and genre theory, to reappraise his career from various angles including gender, genre and image. Textual analysis coincides with discussions of Power’s multi-layered performances in a variety of genres while engaging with industry systems, specifically Twentieth Century-Fox, his home studio for almost two decades, and situates Power’s performances within the contexts of industry regulations, such as the Production Code, and industry technological advances, such as CinemaScope. A key historical figure of American cinema, Power’s significant career trajectory from pretty boy ‘pin-up’ in the 1930s to mature, virile action-adventure star at the close of his career demonstrates the natural progression of a ‘normal’ life and his ability to remain relevant across the decades. This book is part of a welcome new wave of scholarly studies on overlooked stars, such as Power, whose careers were initially based around their looks but who maintained a career as they aged.
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Chadwick, Andrew. Systemic Hybridity in the Mediation of the American Presidential Campaign. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696726.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 continues the revisionist approach of chapter 6, but paints the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign on a broader canvas. Through a detailed analysis of key episodes in the mediation of the campaign, the chapter shows how the real-space spectacles of candidate appearances continue to generate the important television, radio, and newspaper coverage that remains so crucial for projecting the power of a candidate and conveying enthusiasm, movement, authenticity, and common purpose to both activists and nonactivists alike. The chapter discusses how these television-fuelled spectacles now also integrate with newer media logics of data-gathering, online fundraising, tracking, monitoring, and managed volunteerism. A major theme running through this chapter is the growing systemic integration of the internet and television in presidential campaigns. It also shows how the hybrid media system can shape electoral outcomes by providing new power resources for campaigns that can create and master the system's modalities.
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Corry, Richard. Power and Influence. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840718.001.0001.
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This book investigates the metaphysical presuppositions of a common—and very successful—reductive approach to dealing with the complexity of the world. The reductive approach in question is one in which we study the components of a complex system in relative isolation, and use the information so gained to explain or predict the behaviour of the complex whole. So, for example, ecologists explain shifts in species population in terms of interactions between individuals, geneticists explain traits of an organism in terms of interactions between genes, and physicists explain the properties of a gas in terms of collisions between the particles that make up the gas. It is argued that this reductive method makes substantive metaphysical assumptions about the world. In particular, the method assumes the existence of causal powers that manifest ‘causal influence’—a relatively unrecognized ontological category of which forces are a paradigm example. The success of the reductive method, therefore, is an argument for the existence of such causal influence. The book goes on to show that adding causal influence to our ontology gives us the resources to solve some traditional problems in the metaphysics of powers, causation, emergence, laws of nature, and possibly even normative ethics. What results, then, is not just an understanding of the reductive method, but an integrated metaphysical world view that is grounded in a novel ontology of power and influence.
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Lindsay, Jon R. Information Technology and Military Power. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749568.001.0001.
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Militaries with state-of-the-art information technology sometimes bog down in confusing conflicts. To understand why, it is important to understand the micro-foundations of military power in the information age, and this is exactly what this book gives us. As the book shows, digital systems now mediate almost every effort to gather, store, display, analyze, and communicate information in military organizations. The book highlights how personnel now struggle with their own information systems as much as with the enemy. Throughout this foray into networked technology in military operations, we see how information practice shapes the effectiveness of military performance. The quality of information practice depends on the interaction between strategic problems and organizational solutions. The book explores information practice through a series of detailed historical cases and ethnographic studies of military organizations at war. The book explains why the US military, despite all its technological advantages, has struggled for so long in unconventional conflicts against weaker adversaries. This same perspective suggests that the US retains important advantages against advanced competitors like China that are less prepared to cope with the complexity of information systems in wartime. The book argues convincingly that a better understanding of how personnel actually use technology can inform the design of command and control, improve the net assessment of military power, and promote reforms to improve military performance. Warfighting problems and technical solutions keep on changing, but information practice is always stuck in between.
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Hosking, Geoffrey. Power and the People in Russia. Edited by Simon Dixon. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236701.013.003.
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Whereas many European states sought to dominate corporate associations in order to exploit their resources, the Russian monarchy had to create them in the late eighteenth century in order to transmit its own authority. Both before and after that, however, the Tsars mediated authority downwards through persons rather than institutions. This chapter highlights the paradoxes of a system which compensated for under-institutionalization through the workings of competing elite patron-client networks and small-scale popular communities of joint responsibility which survived long beyond 1917. Communists may have transformed and modernized society in appearance, but in reality that modernization perpetuated or even restored some of the archaic practices of pre-revolutionary society. The Soviet state, like the Tsarist one, depended on archaic social arrangements which lubricated its everyday functioning, but frustrated its ultimate purposes. Even at the start of the twenty-first century Russian politics were still in thrall to personalized power factions.
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Farrier, Jasmine. Constitutional Dysfunction on Trial. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501702501.001.0001.
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In an original assessment of all three branches, this book reveals a new way in which the American federal system is broken. Turning away from the partisan narratives of everyday politics, the book diagnoses the deeper and bipartisan nature of imbalance of power that undermines public deliberation and accountability, especially on war powers. By focusing on the lawsuits brought by Congressional members that challenge presidential unilateralism, the book provides a new diagnostic lens on the permanent institutional problems that have undermined the separation of powers system in the last five decades, across a diverse array of partisan and policy landscapes. As each chapter demonstrates, member lawsuits are an outlet for frustrated members of both parties who cannot get their House and Senate colleagues to confront overweening presidential action through normal legislative processes. But these lawsuits often backfire—leaving Congress as an institution even more disadvantaged. The book argues these suits are more symptoms of constitutional dysfunction than the cure. It shows federal judges will not and cannot restore the separation of powers system alone. Fifty years of congressional atrophy cannot be reversed in court.
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Flood, Dawn Rae. The Power of Racial Rape Myths after World War II. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036897.003.0003.
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This chapter reveals how African American men and their attorneys challenged assumptions about black criminality and forced urban authorities to confront these assumptions during the postwar years, when the civil rights movement expanded nationally. By World War II, instances of lynch mob violence had decreased significantly, but the specter of interracial sexual violence continued to govern trial proceedings, even outside the Jim Crow South. Many Americans continued to believe that black men were sexual predators and likely perpetrators of rape if accused, especially but not exclusively, by white women. Thus, these men specifically asserted that the trial system they faced in Chicago mirrored a Southern system of (in)justice that had not yet fully abandoned lynch-mob violence. Although they were not successful in gaining acquittals, their efforts expand current understandings of racial discrimination and re-imagine the geographic boundaries of the criminalized black male body.
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McGovern, Nathan. The Contemporary Study of Buddhism. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.44.
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This chapter discusses the history of Buddhist studies as a modern academic discipline. Rather than giving a broad bibliographic survey of the field, it explores the way in which power has structured its genesis and development as a system for the production of knowledge. The first section of the chapter describes the confluence of Orientalism and Western presuppositions about the nature of “religion” that shaped the direction of Buddhist studies in its first century. The second section then turns to older systems of knowledge-cum-power that were both drawn upon and disrupted by colonial Buddhist studies. Finally, the third section makes the argument that “decolonization,” while allowing for a critique of colonial Buddhist studies, has not led to an end to the intertwining of power and knowledge production in Buddhist studies, but rather to its transformation.
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Saouli, Adham, ed. Unfulfilled Aspirations. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197521885.001.0001.
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The concepts and theories of what constitutes a 'Middle Power' have played a key part in explaining the identity, behavior and foreign policy roles of many states in the international system, including the United Kingdom, France, Australia and Brazil. But, with a few exceptions, these frameworks have failed to travel to scholarship on the Middle East, despite the theoretical and empirical potential that they offer for understanding regional dynamics. The first of its kind, this volume addresses that major gap by interrogating the conceptual, theoretical and empirical underpinnings of the concept of 'Middle Power' at a regional level. Composed of nine chapters, Unfulfilled Aspirations offers the conceptual and theoretical tools to examine 'Middle Powerhood' in the Middle East, as well as insightful empirical analyses of both 'traditional' Middle Powers in the region (Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Algeria) and new, aspiring ones (Qatar, the UAE). The contributors reveal that the Middle Powers of the Middle East have failed, despite their best efforts, to fulfil their regional aspirations.
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Woodford, Henry J., and James George. Examining the nervous system of an older patient. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0111.
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Ageing is associated with changes in the nervous system, especially the accumulation of neurodegenerative and white matter lesions within the brain. Abnormalities are commonly found when examining older people and some of these are associated with functional impairment and a higher risk of death. In order to reliably interpret examination findings it is important to assess cognition, hearing, vision, and speech first. Clarity of instruction is key. Interpretation of findings must take into account common age-related changes. For example, genuine increased tone should be distinguished from paratonia. Power testing should look for asymmetry within the individual, rather than compare to the strength of the examiner. Parkinsonism should be looked for and gait should be observed. Neurological assessment can incorporate a range of cortical abilities and tests of autonomic function, but the extent of these assessments is likely to be determined by the clinical situation and time available.
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Rohracher, Harald. Analyzing the Socio-Technical Transformation of Energy Systems. Edited by Debra J. Davidson and Matthias Gross. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633851.013.3.
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Dealing with the immense societal challenges of climate change and resource depletion requires no less than a fundamental transformation of the energy system, comprising not only technological change, but also cultures of energy use and consumption, new regulations, and new types of actors operating on the energy market. A growing field of interdisciplinary social science research on “sustainability transitions” deals with the dynamics and governance of such transformative, systemic, and socio-technical change processes toward sustainability. This chapter gives an overview of concepts used to study energy system transitions, their strengths and shortcomings, as well as new advancements. The chapter also discusses a concrete example of socio-technical change in the field of renewable energy—wind power—and reflects on some of the lessons that can be drawn from this about the interdependence of energy and society and for an understanding of transitions toward a more sustainable energy system.
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Elizabeth Whitlark, Rachel. All Options on the Table. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760341.001.0001.
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When is preventive war chosen to counter nuclear proliferation? This book looks beyond systemic and slow-moving factors such as the distribution of power. Instead, it highlights individual leaders' beliefs to explain when preventive military force is the preferred strategy. Executive perspective—not institutional structure—is paramount. The book makes its argument through archivally based comparative case studies. It focuses on executive decision making regarding nuclear programs in China, North Korea, Iraq, Pakistan, and Syria. The book considers the actions of US presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, as well as Israeli prime ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin, and Ehud Olmert. It demonstrates that leaders have different beliefs about the consequences of nuclear proliferation in the international system and their state's ability to deter other states' nuclear activity. These divergent beliefs lead to variation in leaders' preferences regarding the use of preventive military force as a counter-proliferation strategy. The historical evidence amassed in the book bears on strategic assessments of aspiring nuclear powers such as Iran and North Korea. The book argues that only those leaders who believe that nuclear proliferation is destabilizing for the international system will consider preventive force to counter such challenges. In a complex nuclear world, this insight helps explain why the use of force as a counter-proliferation strategy has been an extremely rare historical event.
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Mathews, Jud. Extending Rights' Reach. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682910.001.0001.
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Constitutional rights protect individuals against government overreaching, but that is not all they do. In different ways and to different degrees, constitutional rights also regulate legal relations among private parties in most legal systems. In other words, rights can have not only a vertical effect, within the hierarchical relationship between citizen and state, but also a horizontal one, on the citizen-to-citizen relationships otherwise governed by private law. In every constitutional system with judicially enforceable constitutional rights, courts must make choices about whether, when, and how to give those rights horizontal effect. This book is about how different courts make those choices, and about the consequences that they have. The doctrines that courts build to manage the horizontal effect of rights speak to the most fundamental issues that constitutional systems address, about the nature of rights and of constitutionalism itself. These doctrines can also entrench or enhance judicial power, but in very different ways depending on the legal system. This book offers three case studies, of Germany, the United States, and Canada. For each, it offers a detailed account of the horizontal effect jurisprudence of its apex court—not in isolation, but as a central feature of a broader account of that country’s constitutional development. The case studies show how the choices courts make about horizontal rights reflect existing normative and political realities and, over time, help to shape new ones.
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Quirk, Paul J., ed. The United States and Canada. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870829.001.0001.
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This edited volume compares the political systems of the United States and Canada, focusing on the effects of political institutions, and their interaction with political values and other factors, in policymaking. It explores the differences between the American presidential (or separation-of-powers) system and the Canadian parliamentary system. It also considers institutional differences such as federalism, bureaucratic leadership, and judicial definitions of citizens’ rights. It deals mainly with the period from the mid-20th century to the present but also discusses recent developments—especially the Trump presidency. The first section addresses political culture and institutions and considers political values, party and electoral systems, executive leadership and the legislative process, bureaucracy and civil service influence, and federalism. The second section addresses policymaking and outcomes, including economic policy, environmental policy, morality issues, social policy, managing diversity, and selected societal outcomes. The conclusion discusses prospects and challenges for both political systems and finds that policy differences between the two countries have diverse causes—from geography and demography, to political values, to institutional structures. The effects of institutions are often crucial, but they depend heavily on interactions with other political circumstances. Even modest, incremental change in the electoral strength or ideological tendencies of the political parties can transform institutional performance. Thus, Canada’s historic center-left moderation may be on the brink of giving way to wider ideological fluctuation and the U.S. political system was increasingly dysfunctional, even before the election of Donald Trump as president led to chaos in policymaking and the threat of severe constitutional crisis.
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Busu, Oprea-Valentin. Psychosocial Characteristics of Images of Power in Mass Communication. Editura Universitara, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062812621.
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Different categories of specialists in social sciences as well as different categories of proffesional communicators will find here a synthetic picture of the more significant classical and modern theories regarding the role of power as a ”Fundamental phenomenon that regulates and organizes social life”, and as it appears to us: a brute force, an alluring mermaid, a possessor of saving solutions and skills etc. Also, because we live in a time when direct communication is outdated, the author analyzes the media system mainly under the aspect of image construction or personalized representation of power. A special mention also deserves the fact that the author achieves his goals by using a multiple perspective - social, psychosociological, anthropological. This approach is not a final decryption of the contents of the concepts of power and communication - image, but is part of a continuum of efforts to reveal the rich, challenging social reality, thus bringing his own contribution both to finding answers and to the birth of new questions.