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Journal articles on the topic 'Burning velocity'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

KIDO, Hiroyuki, Masaya NAKAHARA, and Kenshiro NAKASHIMA. "Turbulent Burning Velocity and Local Burning Velocity Characteristics of Lean Hydrogen Mixtures." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 71, no. 701 (2005): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.71.275.

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2

KIDO, HIROYUKI, and SHUWEI HUANG. "A Discussion of Premixed Turbulent Burning Velocity Models Based on Burning Velocity Diagrams1." Combustion Science and Technology 96, no. 4-6 (January 1994): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209408935364.

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3

NAKAHARA, Masaya, and Hiroyuki KIDO. "5008 Influence of Local Burning Velocity on Turbulent Burning Velocity of Hydrogen Mixtures." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.3 (2006): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.3.0_359.

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4

NAKAHARA, Masaya, Hiroyuki KIDO, Koichi HIRATA, and Shintaro YOSHIMITSU. "B131 A Modeling of Turbulent Burning Velocity for Hydrogen Mixtures based on Local Burning Velocity." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2005 (2005): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2005.61.

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5

Eickhoff, Heinrich. "Analysis of the turbulent burning velocity." Combustion and Flame 129, no. 4 (June 2002): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(02)00338-3.

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6

Wu, Xueshun, Peng Wang, Zhennan Zhu, Yunshou Qian, Wenbin Yu, and Zhiqiang Han. "The Equivalent Effect of Initial Condition Coupling on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Natural Gas Diluted by CO2." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040809.

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Initial temperature has a promoting effect on laminar burning velocity, while initial pressure and dilution rate have an inhibitory effect on laminar burning velocity. Equal laminar burning velocities can be obtained by initial condition coupling with different temperatures, pressures and dilution rates. This paper analysed the equivalent distribution pattern of laminar burning velocity and the variation pattern of an equal weight curve using the coupling effect of the initial pressure (0.1–0.3 MPa), initial temperature (323–423 K) and dilution rate (0–16%). The results show that, as the initial temperature increases, the initial pressure decreases and the dilution rate decreases, the rate of change in laminar burning velocity increases. The equivalent effect of initial condition coupling can obtain equal laminar burning velocity with an dilution rate increase (or decrease) of 2% and an initial temperature increase (or decrease) of 29 K. Moreover, the increase in equivalence ratio leads to the rate of change in laminar burning velocity first increasing and then decreasing, while the increases in dilution rate and initial pressure make the rate of change in laminar burning velocity gradually decrease and the increase in initial temperature makes the rate of change in laminar burning velocity gradually increase. The area of the region, where the initial temperature influence weight is larger, gradually decreases as the dilution rate increases, and the rate of decrease gradually decreases.

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7

NAKAHARA, Masaya, and Hiroyuki KIDO. "A Study on Modeling of Turbulent Burning Velocity Based on Local Burning Velocity for Hydrogen Mixtures." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 74, no. 746 (2008): 2229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.74.2229.

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8

Suarta, I. Made, I. N. G. Wardana, Nurkholis Hamidi, and Widya Wijayanti. "The Role of Hydrogen Bonding on Laminar Burning Velocity of Hydrous and Anhydrous Ethanol Fuel with Small Addition of n-Heptane." Journal of Combustion 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9093428.

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The molecular structure of mixed hydrous and anhydrous ethanol with up to 10% v n-heptane had been studied. The burning velocity was examined in a cylindrical explosion combustion chamber. The result showed that the burning velocity of hydrous ethanol is higher than anhydrous ethanol and n-heptane at stoichiometric, rich, and very rich mixtures. The burning velocity of hydrous ethanol with n-heptane drops drastically compared to the burning velocity of anhydrous ethanol with n-heptane. It is caused by two reasons. Firstly, there was a composition change of azeotropic hydrous ethanol molecules within the mixture of fuel. Secondly, at the same volume the number of ethanol molecules in hydrous ethanol was less than in anhydrous ethanol at the same composition of the n-heptane in the mixture. At the mixture of anhydrous ethanol with n-heptane, the burning velocity decreases proportionally to the addition of the n-heptane composition. The burning velocity is between the velocities of anhydrous ethanol and n-heptane. It shows that the burning velocity of anhydrous ethanol mixed with n-heptane is only influenced by the mixture composition.

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9

Кантарбаева, А., and К. М. Моисеева. "ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ПЛАМЕНИ В УГЛЕ-ПРОПАНО-ВОЗДУШНОЙ ГАЗОВЗВЕСИ." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Matematika i mekhanika, no. 74 (2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988621/74/10.

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The mathematical model of combustion for a reactive gas suspension of coal dust in a propane-air mixture is developed. The parametric study of the problem is carried out. The observed burning velocity of the propane-air mixture with an admixture of coal particles is determined. Dependences of the observed burning velocity of the propane-air gas suspension on the equivalence ratio and on the radius of the particles are obtained. It is shown that, the observed burning velocity decreases with an increase in the radius of the particles. On the contrary, with an increase in the radius of the particle, the observed burning velocity increases for high-propane mixtures. Moreover, in the case of high-propane mixtures, the observed burning velocity of the gas suspension can be increased by reducing the mass of the particles. The observed burning velocity for a propane-air mixture with particles is significantly less than that for a mixture without particles.

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10

Kido, Hiroyuki, Masaya Nakahara, Kenshiro Nakashima, and Jun Hashimoto. "Influence of local flame displacement velocity on turbulent burning velocity." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 29, no. 2 (January 2002): 1855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1540-7489(02)80225-5.

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11

Han, Zhiqiang, Zhennan Zhu, Peng Wang, Kun Liang, Zinong Zuo, and Dongjian Zeng. "The Effect of Initial Conditions on the Laminar Burning Characteristics of Natural Gas Diluted by CO2." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 2892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152892.

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The initial conditions such as temperature, pressure and dilution rate can have an effect on the laminar burning velocity of natural gas. It is acknowledged that there is an equivalent effect on the laminar burning velocity between any two initial conditions. The effects of initial temperatures (323 K–423 K), initial pressures (0.1 MPa–0.3 MPa) and dilution rate (0–16%, CO2 as diluent gas) on the laminar burning velocity and the flame instability were investigated at a series of equivalence ratios (0.7–1.2) in a constant volume chamber. A chemical kinetic simulation was also conducted to calculate the laminar burning velocity and essential radicals’ concentrations under the same initial conditions. The results show that the laminar burning velocity of natural gas increases with initial temperature but decreases with initial pressure and dilution rate. The maximum concentrations of H, O and OH increase with initial temperature but decrease with initial pressure and dilution rate. Laminar burning velocity is highly correlated with the sum of the maximum concentration of H and OH.

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12

Nguyen, Duc-Khanh, Louis Sileghem, and Sebastian Verhelst. "A quasi-dimensional combustion model for spark ignition engines fueled with gasoline–methanol blends." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017728161.

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The current work provides a quasi-dimensional model for the combustion of methanol–gasoline blends. New correlations for the laminar burning velocity of gasoline and methanol are developed and used together with a mixing rule to calculate the laminar burning velocity of the blends. Several factors (such as the laminar burning velocity, initial flame kernel, residual gas fraction, turbulence, etc.) have been investigated and the sensitivity of these factors and the used sub-models on the predictive performance was assessed. The simulation results were compared with measurement data from two engines on different gasoline–methanol blends. The results show the importance of the laminar burning velocity correlation, the method of initializing combustion and the turbulent burning velocity model. The newly developed laminar burning velocity correlation of gasoline performed equally or better than the existing correlations and the newly developed correlation of methanol outperformed the other correlations. The initial flame kernel size had a strong influence on the ignition delay. Changing the initial flame kernel to reproduce the same ignition delay was very effective to improve the simulations. Several turbulent combustion models were tested with the newly developed laminar burning velocity correlations and optimized ignition delay. In conclusion, the model of Bradley reproduced the trend going from gasoline to methanol much better than others due to the inclusion of the Lewis number.

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13

Ga, Bui Van, Nguyen Van Dong, and Bui Van Hung. "Turbulent burning velocity in combustion chamber of SI engine fueled with compressed biogas." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 37, no. 3 (August 25, 2015): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/37/3/5939.

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Turbulent burning velocity is the most important parameter in analyzing pre-mixed combustion simulation of spark ignition engines. It depends on the laminar burning velocity and turbulence intensity in the combustion chamber. The first term can be predicted if one knows fuel composition, physico chemical properties of the fluid. The second term strongly depends on the geometry of the combustion chamber and fluid movement during the combustion process. One cannot suggest a general expression for different cases of engine. Thus, for accuracy modeling, one should determine turbulent burning velocity in the combustion chamber of each case of engine individually. In this study, the turbulent burning velocity is defined by a linear function of laminar burning velocity in which the proportional constant is defined as the turbulent burning velocity coefficient. This coefficient was obtained by analyzing the numerical simulation results and experimental data and this is applied to a concrete case of a Honda Wave motorcycle engine combustion chamber that fueled with compressed biogas. The results showed that the turbulent burning velocity coefficient in this case is around 1.3 when the average engine revolutions is in the range of 3000 rpm to 6000 rpm with biogas containing 80% Methane. We can then predict the effects of different parameters on the performance of the engine fueled with compressed biogas by simulation.

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14

Elia, M., M. Ulinski, and M. Metghalchi. "Laminar Burning Velocity of Methane–Air–Diluent Mixtures." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 1 (June 23, 2000): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1339984.

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An experimental facility for measuring burning velocity has been designed and built. It consists of a spherical constant volume vessel equipped with a dynamic pressure transducer, ionization probes, thermocouple, and data acquisition system. The constant volume combustion vessel allows for the determination of the burning velocity over a wide range of temperatures and pressures from a single run. A new model has been developed to calculate the laminar burning velocity using the pressure data of the combustion process. The model solves conservation of mass and energy equations to determine the mass fraction of the burned gas as the combustion process proceeds. This new method allows for temperature gradients in the burned gas and the effects of flame stretch on burning velocity. Exact calculations of the burned gas properties are determined by using a chemical equilibrium code with gas properties from the JANAF Tables. Numerical differentiation of the mass fraction burned determines the rate of the mass fraction burned, from which the laminar burning velocity is calculated. Using this method, the laminar burning velocities of methane–air–diluent mixtures have been measured. A correlation has been developed for the range of pressures from 0.75 to 70 atm, unburned gas temperatures from 298 to 550 K, fuel/air equivalence ratios from 0.8 to 1.2, and diluent addition from 0 to 15 percent by volume.

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15

LI, Jing, Toshimi TAKAGI, Tatsuyuki OKAMOTO, and Shinichi KINOSHITA. "Flame Structure, Burning Velocity and Burning Rate in Stretch Controlled Premixed Flame." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 70, no. 691 (2004): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.70.767.

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16

Reyes, Miriam, Francisco V. Tinaut, and Alexandra Camaño. "Experimental Study of Premixed Gasoline Surrogates Burning Velocities in a Spherical Combustion Bomb at Engine Like Conditions." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133430.

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In this work are presented experimental values of the burning velocity of iso-octane/air, n-heptane/air and n-heptane/toluene/air mixtures, gasoline surrogates valid over a range of pressures and temperatures similar to those obtained in internal combustion engines. The present work is based on a method to determine the burning velocities of liquid fuels in a spherical constant volume combustion bomb, in which the initial conditions of pressure, temperature and fuel/air equivalence ratios can be accurately established. A two-zone thermodynamic diagnostic model was used to analyze the combustion pressure trace and calculate thermodynamic variables that cannot be directly measured: the burning velocity and mass burning rate. This experimental facility has been used and validated before for the determination of the burning velocity of gaseous fuels and it is validated in this work for liquid fuels. The values obtained for the burning velocity are expressed as power laws of the pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio. Iso-octane, n-heptane and mixtures of n-heptane/toluene have been used as surrogates, with toluene accounting for the aromatic part of the fuel. Initially, the method is validated for liquid fuels by determining the burning velocity of iso-octane and then comparing the results with those corresponding in the literature. Following, the burning velocity of n-heptane and a blend of 50% n-heptane and 50% toluene are determined. Results of the burning velocities of iso-octane have been obtained for pressures between 0.1 and 0.5 MPa and temperatures between 360 and 450 K, for n-heptane 0.1–1.2 MPa and 370–650 K, and for the mixture of 50% n-heptane/50% toluene 0.2–1.0 MPa and 360–700 K. The power law correlations obtained with the results for the three different fuels show a positive dependence with the initial temperature and the equivalence ratio, and an inverse dependence with the initial pressure. Finally, the comparison of the burning velocity results of iso-octane and n-heptane with those obtained in the literature show a good agreement, validating the method used. Analytical expressions of burning velocity as power laws of pressure and unburned temperature are presented for each fuel and equivalence ratio.

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17

KATAOKA, Hidefumi, Hirokazu UESAKA, Ryosuke MATSUI, Satoshi SHIBATA, and Daisuke SEGAWA. "Laminar Burning Velocity Measurements of Liquid Fuels." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2016 (2016): G0600201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.g0600201.

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18

Abdel-Gayed, R. G., D. Bradley, M. N. Hamid, and M. Lawes. "Lewis number effects on turbulent burning velocity." Symposium (International) on Combustion 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(85)80539-7.

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19

Yamaoka, Ichiro, and Hiroshi Tsuji. "Determination of burning velocity using counterflow flames." Symposium (International) on Combustion 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 1883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(85)80687-1.

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20

Bradley, D. "Is turbulent burning velocity a meaningful parameter?" Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 29, no. 3 (May 1993): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00797636.

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21

Takizawa, Kenji, Akifumi Takahashi, Kazuaki Tokuhashi, Shigeo Kondo, and Akira Sekiya. "Burning velocity measurements of nitrogen-containing compounds." Journal of Hazardous Materials 155, no. 1-2 (June 2008): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.089.

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22

Bradley, Derek, Malcolm Lawes, and Morkous S. Mansour. "The Problems of the Turbulent Burning Velocity." Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 87, no. 2-3 (March 15, 2011): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-011-9339-y.

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23

Tien, J. H., and M. Matalon. "On the burning velocity of stretched flames." Combustion and Flame 84, no. 3-4 (April 1991): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(91)90003-t.

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24

Rahim, F., M. Elia, M. Ulinski, and M. Metghalchi. "Burning velocity measurements of methane-oxygen-argon mixtures and an application to extend methane-air burning velocity measurements." International Journal of Engine Research 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14680870260127873.

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Burning velocities of methane-oxygen-argon mixtures have been measured in two matched constant-volume chambers, one spherical and one cylindrical. Burning velocities in the spherical chamber were determined from the pressure rise using a thermodynamic model based on the conservation of mass and energy. Photographic observations made through end windows in the cylindrical chamber at early times were used to study the effects of flame curvature and stretch on the flame speed under constant pressure conditions. The cylindrical chamber was also used to investigate flame shape, cracking and wrinkling. Substitution of argon for the nitrogen in air increased the range of pressure and temperature at which measurements could be made. A correlation for the burning velocity of methane-oxygen-argon mixtures has been developed for the range of pressures from 1 to 40 atmospheres, unburned gas temperatures from 298 to 650 K and fuel-air equivalence ratios from 0.8 to 1.2. Using this correlation and previous results for methane-air mixtures, the burning velocities of methane-air mixtures have been extended to higher temperatures. The results are compared to other experimental measurements and theoretical predictions.

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25

Suarta, I. Made, I. N. G. Wardana, Nurkholis Hamidi, and Widya Wijayanti. "The Role of Molecule Clustering by Hydrogen Bond in Hydrous Ethanol on Laminar Burning Velocity." Journal of Combustion 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5127682.

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The role of hydrogen bond molecule clustering in laminar burning velocities was observed. The water in hydrous ethanol can change the interaction between water-ethanol molecules. A certain amount of water can become oxygenated which increases the burning velocity. The hydrogen bond interaction pattern of ethanol and water molecules was modeled. Based on the molecular model, azeotropic behavior emerges from ethanol-water hydrogen bond, which is at a 95.1%v composition. The interaction with water molecule causes the ethanol molecule to be clustered with centered oxygenated compound. So, it supplies extra oxygen and provides intermolecular empty spaces that are easily infiltrated by the air. In the azeotropic composition, the molecular bond chain is the shortest, so hypothetically the burning velocity is anticipated to increase. The laminar burning velocity of ethanol fuel was tested in a cylindrical explosion bomb in lean, stoichiometric, and rich mixtures. The experimental result showed that the maximum burning velocity occurred at hydrous ethanol of 95.5%v composition. This discrepancy is the result of the addition of energy from 7.7% free ethanol molecules that are not clustered. At the rich mixture, the burning velocity of this composition is higher than that of anhydrous ethanol.

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26

Abdelaziz, Almostafa, Liang Guozhu, and Anwer Elsayed. "Parameters Affecting the Erosive Burning of Solid Rocket Motor." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815303001.

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Increasing the velocity of gases inside solid rocket motors with low port-to-throat area ratios, leading to increased occurrence and severity of burning rate augmentation due to flow of propellant products across burning propellant surfaces (erosive burning), erosive burning of high energy composite propellant was investigated to supply rocket motor design criteria and to supplement knowledge of combustion phenomena, pressure, burning rate and high velocity of gases all of these are parameters affect on erosive burning. Investigate the phenomena of the erosive burning by using the 2’inch rocket motor and modified one. Different tests applied to fulfil all the parameters that calculated out from the experiments and by studying the pressure time curve and erosive burning phenomena.

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27

Ting, D. S.-K., and M. D. Checkel. "Technical Note: The importance of turbulence intensity, eddy size and flame size in spark ignited, premixed flame growth." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526245.

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The effects of laminar burning velocity, turbulence intensity, flame size and eddy size on the turbulent burning velocity of a premixed growing flame were experimentally separated in a 125 mm cubical chamber with lean methane-air mixtures spark ignited at 1 atm and 300 K. The turbulence was up to 2 m/s with 1 to 4 mm Taylor microscale. For the near unity Lewis number and near zero Markstein number mixture considered here, the turbulent burning velocity, St, can be approximated as: St = Sl + Cd(r/λ)u′, where Sl is the laminar burning velocity, r is the mean flame radius, λ is the Taylor microscale, u′ is the root mean square (r.m.s.) turbulence intensity and Cd is a constant of the order 0.02.

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28

Chen, Guoyan, Zheng Shen, Junsheng Zhang, Shuangshuang Zuo, Anchao Zhang, Haoxin Deng, Yanyang Mei, and Fanmao Meng. "The content of hydrogen to the effect on the combustion characteristics of biomass-derived syngas." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220418113c.

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Biomass-derived syngas is prone to leakage during transportation. To safely use biomass-derived syngas, we need to study the combustion characteristics of material syngas the purpose of this paper is:at T = 303 k, P = 0.1 MPa, under the condition of the spherical expansion flame method, calculate the laminar burning velocity, and used the Chemkin module of ANSYS to simulate four mechanisms(GRI-3.0?FFCM-1?Li-2015?San Diego +NOX-2018) to compare, select more appropriate reaction mechanism through experimental data for related research. It was found that the chemical reaction mechanism of GRI-3.0 is more in line with the experimental results. It is found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the linear extrapolation method. When the H2concentration increases from 22% to 42%, the peak laminar burning velocity moves in the direction of the lean fuel side. When the H2concentration increases to42%, the laminar burning velocity is the fastest, reaching 0.78m/s.The effect of H2on thermal diffusivity is high. When H2concentration reaches 42%, its thermal diffusivity is much higher than other gas components. The adiabatic flame temperature of F1 (22% H2,45% CO, 9.6% CH4, 23.4% CO2)-air mixtures is the highest, approaching 2196K. The peak adiabatic flame temperature of F5(42% H2, 25% CO, 9.6% CH4, 23.4% CO2)-air mixtures is 2082K, which is comparatively low. Nonetheless, the H2concentration in F5-airmixturesis higher than that inF1-airmixtures, indicating that H2has less influence on adiabatic flame temperature than CO. The positive reactions to accelerate laminar burning velocity mainly include R99, R38 and R46. R52 and R35 can inhibit laminar burning velocity. There are many factors affecting laminar burning velocity, among which high reactive free radicals are the main factors, and the competition between chain branching reaction and chain termination reaction for high reactive free radicals also affects laminar burning velocity. With the increase of concentration of H2, participate in the reaction of the molar mass fraction of highly reactive free radicals and the laminar burning velocity.

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29

Vargas, Arley Cardona, Hernando Alexander Yepes Tumay, and Andrés Amell. "Experimental study of the correlation for turbulent burning velocity at subatmospheric pressure." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002414.

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Turbulent burning velocity is one of the most relevant parameters to characterize the premixed turbulent flames. Different correlation has been proposed to estimate this parameter. However, most of them have been obtained using experimental data at atmospheric pressure or higher. The present study is focused on obtaining a correlation for the turbulent burning velocity using data at sub-atmospheric pressure. The turbulent burning velocity was experimentally calculated using the burner method, where turbulent premix flames are generated in a Bunsen burner. Stoichiometric and lean conditions were evaluated at a pressure of 0.85 atm and 0.98 atm, whereas the turbulence intensity was varied for each condition. Perforated plates and a hot-wire anemometer were used to generate and measure the turbulence intensity. Schlieren images were used to obtain the average angle of the flame and calculate the turbulent burning velocity. Experiments and theory show that the turbulent deflagration rate decrease as pressure decrease. The turbulent deflagration speed decreased by up to 16 % at 0.85 atm concerning atmospheric conditions for the same turbulence intensity, discharge velocity, and ambient temperature, according to the experimental results. The comparison among the experimental results at sub-atmospheric conditions and the correlations reported in the literature exposes prediction issues because most of them are fitted using data at atmospheric conditions. A general correlation is raised between turbulent burning velocity (ST), laminar burning velocity (SL) and turbulence intensity (u’) proposed from the experimental data. This correlation has the form For sub-atmospheric and atmospheric conditions, the coefficients were determined

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30

Kim, Joohan, and Kyoungdoug Min. "Modeling laminar burning velocity of gasoline using an energy fraction-based mixing rule approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 5 (May 4, 2018): 1245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018768396.

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To determine an optimum combustion chamber design and engine operating strategies, computational fluid dynamics simulations of direct-injection spark-ignition engines have become an indispensable step in the powertrain development process. The laminar burning velocity of gasoline is known as an essential input parameter for combustion simulations. In this study, a new methodology for modeling the laminar burning velocity of gasoline for direct-injection spark-ignition engine simulations is proposed. Considering the gasoline as a complex mixture of hydrocarbon fuel, three hydrocarbons, iso-octane, n-heptane, and toluene were incorporated as surrogate fuel components to represent gasoline with distinct aromatic laminar flame characteristics compared to alkane. A mixing rule, based on energy fractions, was adopted to consider the compositional variation of gasoline. The laminar burning velocities of iso-octane, n-heptane, and toluene were calculated under wide thermo-chemical conditions in conjunction with detailed chemical reaction kinetics in the premixed flame simulation. Finally, a set of laminar burning velocity model equations was derived by curve-fitting the flame simulation results of each hydrocarbon component in consideration of the effect of temperature, pressure, and diluent. The laminar burning velocity model was validated against the measurement data of gasoline’s laminar burning velocity found in the literature, and was applied to the computational fluid dynamics simulation of a direct-injection spark-ignition engine under the various operating conditions to explore the prediction capability.

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31

Takita, Kenichi, Goro Masuya, Takahiro Sato, and Yiguang Ju. "Effect of Addition of Radicals on Burning Velocity." AIAA Journal 39, no. 4 (April 2001): 742–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.1372.

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32

Yamamoto, K., M. Ozeki, N. Hayashi, and H. Yamashita. "Burning velocity and OH concentration in premixed combustion." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32, no. 1 (2009): 1227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.077.

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33

Lindstedt, R. P., V. D. Milosavljevic, and M. Persson. "Turbulent burning velocity predictions using transported PDF methods." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33, no. 1 (2011): 1277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.05.092.

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34

Mohsen Radwan, Mostafa Ismail, Moha. "Laminar Burning Velocity of Some Coal Derived Fuels." Energy Sources 23, no. 4 (May 2001): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009083101300110896.

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35

Zhongyang, Luo, Francis Oppong, Hanyu Wang, Xiaolu Li, Cangsu Xu, and Chongming Wang. "Investigating the laminar burning velocity of 2-methylfuran." Fuel 234 (December 2018): 1469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.07.005.

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36

Takita, Kenichi, Goro Masuya, and Yiguang Ju. "Effect of addition of radicals on burning velocity." AIAA Journal 39 (January 2001): 742–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.14795.

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37

Christensen, Moah, and Alexander A. Konnov. "Laminar burning velocity of acetic acid + air flames." Combustion and Flame 170 (August 2016): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.05.007.

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38

Iijima, Toshio, and Tadao Takeno. "Effects of temperature and pressure on burning velocity." Combustion and Flame 65, no. 1 (July 1986): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(86)90070-2.

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39

García-Soriano, Gabriel, José Luis Castillo, Francisco J. Higuera, and Pedro L. García-Ybarra. "Local burning velocity in a Bunsen jet flame." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 340, no. 11-12 (November 2012): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2012.10.027.

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40

Vancoillie, J., G. Sharpe, M. Lawes, and S. Verhelst. "The turbulent burning velocity of methanol–air mixtures." Fuel 130 (August 2014): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.04.003.

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41

Sridhar, G., P. J. Paul, and H. S. Mukunda. "Computational studies of the laminar burning velocity of a producer gas and air mixture under typical engine conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x6917.

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This paper discusses computational results concerning the laminar burning velocity of a biomass-derived producer gas and air mixture at pressures and temperatures typical of the unburned mixture in a reciprocating engine. The computations are based on solving conservation equations describing laminar one-dimensional, multicomponent, chemically reacting, and ideal gas mixtures that have been formulated by earlier researchers. Based on a number of calculations at varying initial pressures and temperatures, and equivalence ratios, an expression for estimating the laminar burning velocity with the recycled gas mass fraction has been obtained. Also, the effect of varying amounts of recycled gas on the burning velocity has been determined. These data on laminar burning velocities will be useful in predicting the burnrate in a spark ignition (SI) engine fuelled with a producer gas and air mixture.

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42

Xu, Zhanyang, Wenhe Liu, Tieliang Wang, Wei Yu, and Yuqing Zhang. "Simulation of Airflow in the Burning Cave of an Auxiliary Heating System in a Greenhouse." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12719.

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Abstract. In this study, numerical simulations of airflow were carried out in the burning cave of an auxiliary heating system. Experimental measurements were also conducted to verify the performance of the numerical model, and turbulent airflow in the burning cave was considered. The numerical simulation in the burning cave was performed for three cases:(1) with a baffle at the bottom of the burning cave entrance, (2) without a baffle at the burning cave entrance, and (3) with a baffle at the top of the burning cave entrance. The turbulent airflow was modeled using the realizable k-e turbulence model as well as the non-equilibrium wall function. The airflow velocity was assessed in the burning cave, and some suggestions were given to improve the performance of the burning cave. The results showed that the airflow entering the burning cave differed due to different positions of the baffle. The smoldering combustion was more even and the burning rate could be controlled more easily when the baffle was placed at the top of the burning cave entrance, making the airflow enter the burning cave through the bottom of the baffle. The results also showed that the maximum airflow velocity in the burning cave increased with increased distance between the baffle and the bottom of the burning cave. Keywords: Airflow, Burning cave, Greenhouse, Simulation.

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43

Rosères, Charles, Léo Courty, Philippe Gillard, and Christophe Boulnois. "Burning Velocities of Pyrotechnic Compositions: Effects of Composition and Granulometry." Energies 15, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 3942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113942.

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Burning velocities of binary and ternary pyrotechnic compositions are measured in gutter. The study focuses on the determination of the joint influence of several parameters: oxidant/reducer ratio, reducer granulometry, and binder content. Measurements are performed following the standard NF T70-541 for burning velocity estimation using an optical acquisition method. Binder content has a linear influence on the burning velocity with a pivot point in slope at supposed stoichiometry. Changing the granulometric class of metallic reducer shows to have different influences before and beyond a 20% diameter reduction.

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44

Sharma, Janmejai, Ankur Miglani, Jerin John, Purushothaman Nandagopalan, Javed Shaikh, and Pavan Kumar Kankar. "Jetting Dynamics of Burning Gel Fuel Droplets." Gels 8, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8120781.

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Jetting in burning gel fuel droplets is an important process which, in addition to pure vaporization, enables the convective transport of unreacted fuel vapors from the droplet interior to the flame envelope. This aids in accelerating the fuel efflux and enhancing the mixing of the gas phase, which improves the droplet burn rates. In this study, Schlieren imaging was used to characterize different jetting dynamics that govern the combustion behavior of organic-gellant-laden ethanol gel fuel droplets. To initiate jetting, the gellant shell of the burning gel fuel droplet was subjected to either oscillatory bursting or isolated bursting, or both. However, irrespective of the jetting mode, the jets interacted with the flame envelope in one of three possible ways. Based on the velocity and the degree to which a jet disrupts the flame envelope, it is classified as either a flame distortion, a fire ball outside the flame or a pin hole jet (localized flame extinction), where the pin hole jets have the highest velocity (1000–1550 mm/s), while the flame distortion events have the lowest velocity (500–870 mm/s). Subsequently, the relative number of the three types of jetting events during the droplet lifetime was analyzed as a function of the type of organic gellant. It was demonstrated that the combustion behavior of gel fuels (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: HPMC at 3 wt.%) that tend to form thin-weak-flexible shells is dominated by low-velocity flame distortion events, while the gel fuels (methylcellulose: MC at 9 wt.%) that facilitate the formation of thick-strong-rigid shells are governed by high-velocity fire ball and pin hole jets. Overall, this study provides critical insights into the jetting behavior and its characterization, which can help us to tune the droplet gasification and the gas phase mixing to achieve an effective combustion control strategy for gel fuels.

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Amaludin, N. A., M. Morrow, R. Woolley, and A. E. Amaludin. "Methane hydrogen laminar burning velocity blending laws in horizontal open-ended flame tube rig." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1217, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1217/1/012013.

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Abstract Different fuel properties and chemical kinetics of two different fuels would make it challenging to predict the combustion parameters of a binary fuel. Understanding the effect of blending methane and hydrogen gas is the main focus of this paper. Utilizing a horizontal tube combustion rig, methane-hydrogen fuel blends were created using blending laws from past literature, over a range of equivalence ratios from 0.6 – 1.2 were studied, while keeping one combustion parameter constant, the theoretical laminar burning velocity. The selected theoretical laminar burning velocity for all the mixtures tested were kept constant at 0.6 ms−1. Different factors affected the flame propagation across the tube, including acoustic pressure oscillations, heat loss from the rig, and obvious difference in hydrogen percentage in the fuel blends. The average experimental laminar burning velocity of all the flames was 0.368 ms−1, compared to the expected value of 0.6 ms−1. In an attempt to keep the theoretical laminar burning velocity constant for different mixtures, it was discovered that this did not promise the same flame propagation behaviour for the tested mixtures. Further experimentation and analysis are required in order to better understand the underlying interaction of the fuel blends.

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Kahangamage, Udaya, Yi Chen, Chun Wah Leung, and Tung Yan Ngai. "Experimental Study of Lean-burning Limits of Hydrogen-enriched LPG Intended for Domestic Use." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 4, no. 2 (January 2, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2202016.

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The lean-burning limits of hydrogen-enriched Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) have been studied using a Bunsen burner. The lean-burning limits under different conditions are important design considerations in developing gas-fired domestic appliances. In this study, the lean-burning limits of hydrogen-enriched LPG have been obtained across a wide range of Reynolds numbers (600 to 1800) and H2 volumetric fractions (0% to 25%). The results show that the lean-burning limit is increased, on average, by 4.0% to 7.2% for every 5% increment of H2 volumetric fraction under different Reynolds numbers. A numerical simulation carried out in CHEMKIN using the USC Mech II reaction mechanism, and the observation of flame characteristics show that the increase in lean-burning limit with increasing H2 content is due to the higher burning velocity of LPG-H2 mixtures compared with pure LPG. More fuel is required to offset the effect of increased burning velocity under the same Reynolds number, leading to an increase in the lean-burning limit. To facilitate the visualization of the variation of the lean-burning limit with increasing H2 volume fraction in the mixed fuel at different Reynolds numbers, a lean-burning limit map is developed based on correlations obtained. The results of this study provide reference values for the lean-burning performance of hydrogen-enriched LPG fuel for practical domestic use.

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Kim, Jong-Chan, Won-Chul Jung, Ji-Seok Hong, and Hong-Gye Sung. "The Effects of Turbulent Burning Velocity Models in a Swirl-Stabilized Lean Premixed Combustor." International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 35, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2016-0053.

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Abstract The effects of turbulent burning velocities in a turbulent premixed combustion simulation with a G-equation are investigated using the 3D LES technique. Two turbulent burning velocity models – Kobayashi model, which takes into account the burning velocity pressure effect, and the Pitsch model, which considers the flame regions on the premixed flame structure – are implemented. An LM6000 combustor is employed to validate the turbulent premixed combustion model. The results show that the flame structures in front of the injector have different shapes in each model because of the different turbulent burning velocities. These different flame structures induce changes in the entire combustor flow field, including in the recirculation zone. The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method and linear acoustic analysis provide the dominant acoustic mode.

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48

Baczyńska, Teresa, Józef Głowiński, and Adam Hałat. "Modelling of the gas combustion process." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-008-0004-8.

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Modelling of the gas combustion process This paper reports on a procedure which leads to the assessment of the KG values without the need of determining the maximal rate of pressure rise by experiments. A simulation is proposed of the combustion process in its simplest form, i.e. one-dimensional propagation of the flame. Such simulation enables the burning velocity Su to be assessed. Knowing the Su values for different compositions of the flammable mixture makes it possible to determine the Su, max value. Once the correlation between Su,max and KG has been established, this will enable us to assign an appropriate value of KG to that of the maximal burning velocity. An example of such a correlation is given. It refers to flammable mixtures of a comparatively low burning velocity.

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49

Jin, Yu-In, Hyung Ju Lee, and Jeongsik Han. "Measurement of Laminar Burning Velocity of Endothermic Fuel Surrogates." Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 23, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2019.23.3.067.

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50

Almansour, Bader, Sami Alawadhi, and Subith Vasu. "Laminar Burning Velocity Measurements in DIPK-An Advanced Biofuel." SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 10, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0863.

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