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Journal articles on the topic 'Burmese language Word formation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Mao, Cunli, Zhibo Man, Zhengtao Yu, Shengxiang Gao, Zhenhan Wang, and Hongbin Wang. "A Neural Joint Model with BERT for Burmese Syllable Segmentation, Word Segmentation, and POS Tagging." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 4 (May 26, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3436818.

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The smallest semantic unit of the Burmese language is called the syllable. In the present study, it is intended to propose the first neural joint learning model for Burmese syllable segmentation, word segmentation, and part-of-speech ( POS ) tagging with the BERT. The proposed model alleviates the error propagation problem of the syllable segmentation. More specifically, it extends the neural joint model for Vietnamese word segmentation, POS tagging, and dependency parsing [28] with the pre-training method of the Burmese character, syllable, and word embedding with BiLSTM-CRF-based neural layers. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, experiments are carried out on Burmese benchmark datasets, and we fine-tune the model of multilingual BERT. Obtained results show that the proposed joint model can result in an excellent performance.

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2

Tarasova, Elizaveta, and José A. Sánchez Fajardo. "Iconicity and word-formation." Belgian Journal of Linguistics, Volume 34 (2020) 34 (December 31, 2020): 332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00057.tar.

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Abstract This article aims to encourage a discussion of how evaluative morphemes conform to the principles of iconicity and Construction Grammar through the examination of English Adj+ie/y nominalisations (e.g. brownie, softie). Our analysis of the Adj+ie/y paradigm investigates conceptual processes that employ these evaluative morphological forms. We propose a Bidirectional Conceptualisation Model (BCM) to demonstrate a templatic correlation between iconic morphological components and evaluative connotations, by means of which the suffix -ie/y is employed to instantiate a specific iconic value of the [[x-]A ie/y]N construction. The BCM incorporates the Diminution: Pejoration ↔ Endearment scale, which accounts for the semantic duality of appreciative and depreciative values realised by the morphological concept of diminution. The results of the study support the idea that superficially different functions realised by one and the same morphological form are related through interaction of Idealised Cognitive Models.

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3

TAHER, Mohamed Mohamed. "COMPOUND WORD FORMATION IN ARABIC LANGUAGE." Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.17.37.

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The primary aim of this study was to describe compounding structures as they exist in Arabic (CA), something to which traditional Arab grammarians have made only vague reference. The Arabic Compounds (ACs) were selected as one area of study because as far as I know, previous research on this topic has not been sufficient. It was therefore decided to examine the understanding of the scope and the flow of the Arabic language specifically from this angle. The methods employed in the collection and analysis of data were imported from research done in the field of theoretical linguistics mainly in Arabic, English and in few occasions in German. The data on which the research was based required the survey of the most important references in both Arabic and English. This study will therefore examine the variety of ACs and it will suggest, that the phenomenon of (نحت ,(a grammatical process which has its roots in Standard Arabic (SA) is also a type of compounding, (compounding by omission). It will also suggest that the frequency of usage of different compounds in Arabic will continue to increase as a result of the importation and consumption of words from other languages for example technical jargon, product names and media terminology. Examples of the above will be provided. It is hoped that this will help to establish cross-linguistic similarity/diversity rules which may possibly serve the broad influence of the Universal Grammar (UG(. Keywords: Compound Word, Arabic Language, Media Terminology.

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4

DE BLESER, RIA, and JOSEF BAYER. "GERMAN WORD FORMATION AND APHASIA." Linguistic Review 5, no. 1 (1986): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlir.1986.5.1.1.

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5

Baumgardner, Robert J. "Word-Formation In Pakistani English." English World-Wide 19, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 205–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.19.2.04bau.

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The article discusses patterns of word-formation which are specifically characteristic of Pakistani English, providing ample documentation from a variety of indigenous sources. In particular, attention is paid to compounding, affixation, conversion, back-formation, clipping, abbreviation/acronyms, and blends. Also, results of an acceptability test of select word-formations are reported.

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6

López, Luis. "Parallel Computation in Word Formation." Linguistic Inquiry 46, no. 4 (October 2015): 657–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00197.

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Taking the Distributed Morphology model as a starting point, this article presents and develops the hypothesis that parallel computations drive some word formation processes. Along the way, some Distributed Morphology assumptions, particularly those concerning contextual allomorphy, are revised. It is argued that event structure is a syntactic head independent of the presence of a vP. Nominalizations in Spanish, which often exhibit verbal thematic vowels between the root and the nominalizing affix, turn out to be an ideal testing ground for theoretical hypotheses.

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7

Callies, Marcus. "Word-Formation in English (review)." Language 82, no. 1 (2006): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0013.

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8

Bauer, Laurie, and Ingrid Bauer. "Word-Formation in the Playground." American Speech 71, no. 1 (1996): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455476.

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9

Chanthao, Rattana, and Kanyarat Unthanon. "WORD-FORMATION OF BUSINESS WORDSIN LAOTIAN LANGUAGE." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2021.v06i01.008.

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10

Pezhynska, O. М. "TOPONYMIC WORD FORMATION IN THE FRENCH LANGUAGE." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Philology. Social Communications 1, no. 1 (2020): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-6069/2020.1-1/37.

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11

Leyrer, M., P. Hummer, B. Gängler, and S. Karl. "C110 Word formation in CI-Language acquisition." International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 75 (May 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5876(11)70278-6.

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12

Körtvélyessy, Lívia, Pavol Štekauer, Ján Genči, and Július Zimmermann. "Word-formation in European languages." Word Structure 11, no. 3 (November 2018): 313–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0132.

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The main goal of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the nature and the role of word-formation systems in a sample of 73 European languages. The basis for the comparison is 100 word-formation features representing 12 word-formation processes. The data is used to examine (a) the structural richness of word-formation systems at the level of individual languages, language genera, families and the linguistic area of Europe, and (b) the parameter of Maximum Feature Occurrence that identifies those word-formation features that are present in all languages under consideration, i.e., in all languages of a genus, a family or a linguistic area of Europe. In the latter case, it identifies the so-called Euroversals. From the diachronic perspective, the paper evaluates the degree of diversification of languages belonging to the same language genus and language family.

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13

Rashidova, N. "Word Formation of Educational Field Terminologies in Arabic Language: Word Compounding." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/48/52.

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This article is about terminology formation in the field of education which is one of the growing areas of science. It is an inexhaustible source in constant enrichment of vocabulary in various languages of the world. Theoretical research of the terminology formation and its functioning is one of the priority areas in modern linguistics. Terminology in the field of education is firstly considered as terminological general literary vocabulary. Therefore, this research includes post names terms, institutions’ names, subjects’ names, processes, phenomena and others which are united in the general concept of ‘terminology in education sphere’. The article’s aim is to analyze the main structural and lexical-semantic character in the sphere of education in Arabic language. The research’s task is not only to study single-component units, but also multi-component phrases containing two or more elements. The article covers and analyzes the compounding method which is one of the methods of terms formation. In this article full description about this method will be given. Gained results create a new approach to understanding and solving the problems such as word formation in Arabic language, defining the lexical-semantic and structural-functioning character of the terminology in the field of education.

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14

Zhanabekova, A. A., and K. K. Pirmanova. "STRUCTURAL ASPECT OF WORD-FORMATION MARKINGS (DERIVED WORDS AND WORD-FORMATION METHODS)." Tiltanym, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2020-3-24-34.

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In the national corpus of the Kazakh language, word-formation markings are among the linguistic markings with their own structure, as well as other morphological, lexical and semantic markings. Therefore, when preparing the development of wordformation markings, it is necessary to consider the phenomena characteristic of wordformation markings. In this article, we will focus on the history of word formation proving that word formation is one of the areas of linguistics.This article provides information about derived words and ways of word formation as a structural aspect of word-formation markup.

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15

Nevis, Joel A., and Marit Julien. "Syntactic Word Formation in Northern Sami." Language 76, no. 2 (June 2000): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417697.

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16

Compton, Richard, and Christine Pittman. "Word-formation by phase in Inuit." Lingua 120, no. 9 (September 2010): 2167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2010.03.012.

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17

Christensen, Kirsti Koch. "Complex Passives, Reanalysis, and Word Formation." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 2 (June 1986): 135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001475.

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This paper deals with the syntax of the so-called ‘complex passive’ and, more generally, with investigating the range, effects, and interaction of certain reanalysis processes that have been claimed to be operative in this and other syntactic constructions.

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18

Willis, Penny. "Studies in Welsh Word-Formation (review)." Language 79, no. 3 (2003): 640–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0200.

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19

Panagiotidis, Phoevos. "Syntactic Heads and Word Formation (review)." Language 81, no. 4 (2005): 1009–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2005.0177.

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20

Dugas, Edwige. "Form/meaning asymmetry in word formation." Constructions and Frames 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 178–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.00018.dug.

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Abstract The paper deals with the French morphological prefixation pattern [non-N] (non-qualification ‘non-qualification’, non-Italien ‘non-Italian’, and non-ville ‘non-city’). It discusses the form/meaning asymmetry displayed by this pattern and its compositionality. It is shown that the general pattern [non-N] actually corresponds to three distinct subconstructions, i.e. distinct form/meaning pairings. Although pragmatic factors may be seen as presenting a challenge to the compositionality of these constructions, it is argued that [non-N]s must be seen as compositional as long as compositionality is defined not only in terms of truth-conditional semantics, but also of pragmatics.

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21

Grlj, Tina. "Blending as a Word-Formation Process." Journal for Foreign Languages 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.14.85-106.

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Although there are several ways of creating new words, the article investigates the morphological process that is referred to as lexical blending. Even if this minor word-formation process is increasingly popular, it is still not clearly defined and limited. This process is present in many languages, and is clear proof of how inventive a language can be. The first part of the article presents an examination of defining characteristics of blending and blend words according to different authors. The second part of the article is of a practical nature. Some of the key characteristics of blends discussed in the first part are tested on the basis of a corpus, which was compiled specifically for this purpose and contains 458 English and 396 French blends. Blends from each language are analysed separately in order to reveal any major discrepancies between English and French. The focal points of the analysis are the lexical categories of blends and of the source words entering each blend, the presence or absence of shortening of source words, the type of shortening of source words, the structural patterns of blends, the presence or absence of overlap between the source words, the type of overlap and the frequency of infixation. These parameters are corroborated by the statistical analysis of the corpus in order to reveal any prominent structural patterns in both languages. Additionally, some of these points of analysis are compared to the findings presented by Vincent Renner in “French and English lexical blends in contrast” (2018). His study includes 97 French and 374 English blends from two corresponding dictionaries in both languages, namely the Grand Robert de la langue française and the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary.

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22

Kari, Ethelbert Emmanuel. "Word formation strategies in Degema." South African Journal of African Languages 36, no. 1 (June 2016): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2016.1186900.

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23

Janda, Laura A. "Metonymy and word-formation revisited." Cognitive Linguistics 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0008.

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AbstractBrdar and Brdar-Szabó (this volume) offer a critique of Janda (2011). Janda (2011) found that the same cognitive strategy that facilitates metonymy, namely use of a conceptual source to access a target, can also be invoked in many patterns of affixal word-formation. In other words, many cases of word-formation appear to be motivated by metonymic association. Brdar and Brdar-Szabó claim that it is incorrect to refer to word-formational processes as metonymies. In addition to the robust parallels evidenced in my data, I offer three arguments to defend my use of the term “metonymy”: (1) a broader definition of metonymy facilitates more insightful generalizations; (2) there is no fixed boundary between lexical metonymy and word-formational metonymy since they coexist in the lexicon-grammar continuum; and (3) context, whether it be a suffix or other cues, is always a factor in metonymy.

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24

Zhanabekova, A. A., and K. K. Pirmanova. "STRUCTURAL ASPECT OF WORD-FORMATION MARKUP (derived words and ways of word formation)." Tiltanym, no. 4 (October 25, 2020): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2020-4-3-12.

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In the national corpus of the Kazakh language, word-formation markings are among the linguistic markups that have their own structure, as well as other morphological, lexical and semantic markups. Therefore, when preparing the development of word-formation markups, it is necessary to consider the phenomena characteristic of word-formation markings. In this article, we consider the history of word formation as a separate branch of linguistics. We focused on derived words and word-formation approaches as a structural aspect of word-formation markups.

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25

Kulchytskyi, V., and Ya Tkachuk. "PRINCIPLES OF WORD FORMATION IN THE SWEDISH LANGUAGE." International Humanitarian University Herald. Philology, no. 56 (2022): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32841/2409-1154.2022.56.17.

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26

ULAKOV, M. Z. "DENTAL WORD FORMATION IN THE KARACHAY-BALKAR LANGUAGE." News of the Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of RAS 4 (2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35330/1991-6639-2020-4-96-131-138.

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27

Sherieva, Nina Gumarovna. "WAYS OF VERBAL WORD FORMATION KABARDINO-CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGE." BULLETIN of the Kabardian-Balkarian Institute for the Humanities Research 3, no. 46 (2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31007/2306-5826-2020-3-46-90-96.

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28

Solimando, Cristina. "Word-formation in the Arabic Language of Tourism." Lingue Culture Mediazioni - Languages Cultures Mediation (LCM Journal), no. 2 (2015) 1 (July 2015): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/lcm-2015-001-soli.

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29

Basilio, Margarida. "Metaphor and metonymy in word formation." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 22, spe (2006): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502006000300006.

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This work investigates the relevance of analogy, metonymy and metaphor in word formation patterns and their products. Initially, the semantic side of proportional analogy in morphological restructuring is analyzed. The work then concentrates on the role of metonymy in the formation of instrumentals and agent nouns. The last part of the work is dedicated to the role of metaphor in compounding. The main point of the paper is to show how metaphor is fundamental to the constitution of the lexicon and, consequently, how unfortunate for the discussion of metaphor in language is the relative disregard to word-formation processes.

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30

Kuptsova, Tetiana, and Iryna Koliieva. "STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF RAILWAY TERM FORMATION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-43-46.

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The structural peculiarities of the railway term formation is investigated in the article. It is demonstrated that the most common ways of the one component railway term formation are suffixation and prefixation. The prefixation-suffixation type is a less productive way of the word building. Compound words proved to form a large group of the railway terms. The relations among the components of a compound word represent a specific type of semantic and structural relations of the word in a word combination, where the terms which consist of «noun+noun», «adjective+noun» predominate. In the system of the English railway terminology among the component terms the most widespread are nouns that explains that nouns define processes, equipment, devices, and objects. This paper outlines some linguistic properties of technical terms. The article focuses on some linguistic features of a term. Being a linguistic object with the common and specific features of a language system a term has all lexical-semantic and formal features of the words and word combinations of a natural language. In the process of the affixation term building the semantics of a derived word is defined by an affix that is why an affix can bear a particular word building meaning. But having definite motivational relations between a derivative and a derived word the semantics of the derived word is not always determined by the meanings of its components. Deciding the semantics of a derived term many factors should be taken into consideration: conversion, the peculiarities of a compound word, polysemy etc. It should be underlined that morphological or affixation type of the term forming is based on the principles of word building of the literary language.

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31

Salzmann, Zdenek, and Leonhard Lipka. "An Outline of English Lexicology: Lexical Structure, Word Semantics, and Word-Formation." Language 67, no. 3 (September 1991): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415055.

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32

Enesi, Miranda. "The Effect of Teaching Word Formation Theory to English Students." European Journal of Language and Literature 7, no. 1 (January 21, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v7i1.p7-12.

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The word-formation theory is often avoided in English language course books and little research is conducted on the pedagogical status of word-building process. However, many researchers and lecturers have realized the effect of teaching word-formation theory in English languages course books. English language lecturers have noted that vocabulary is very important in various subjects of English language branch curricula. For this reason, we must admit that the processes of word-formation, through which every language vocabulary can be enriched, are very important in English language teaching and learning. Word formation components such as prefixes, suffixes, etymology, history of words and other required materials in composing the vocabulary of English language are tested in Aleksandër Moisiu University. The results have revealed a significant and successful effect of teaching Word formation theory, this way showing the colossal importance of this important language aspect in every English language edition course book. This paper has two aims: first to review types of English word-formation and, second, to discuss the absence and the need for word-formation theory in English language course books. Keywords: Word formation, prefixes, suffixes, words, vocabulary.

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33

Shestakova, Svitlana, Liubov Oliinyk, Nataliia Rebryk, Anatolii Yanchyshyn, Oksana Yushchyshyna, and Myroslava Hnatyuk. "Interactive Neurocognitive Models of Language Processing." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 14, no. 4 (December 6, 2022): 274–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/14.4/642.

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The article shows that lexico-semantic innovations in the Ukrainian language system of proper names which are characterized by a specific neurophysiological mechanism of formation require in-depth study. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that lexico-semantic word formation used to be mainly considered in the diachronic aspect, which led to little attention to ergonyms and pragmonyms as relevant classes of proper names. The article aims to analyze lexico-semantic innovations in the context of ergonyms and pragmonyms and determine their role in word formation in the system of naming-related tools in the modern Ukrainian language. Research methods include observations, analogies, analysis, synthesis, linguistic description, component analysis, structural-semantic analysis, statistical methods. The article proves that lexico-semantic word formation is the most active and productive way of replenishing the fund of ergonyms and pragmonyms in the Ukrainian language under the conditions of a transition economy. The main types of lexico-semantic word formation are derivational metaphor and derivational metonymy. They enable the formation of both simple and compound lexico-semantic innovations mostly represented by binary word combinations. Including all layers of vocabulary in the scope of such a type of word formation can bring unlimited prospects of its functioning in the future. The international value of the research implies clarifying the role of lexico-semantic word formation in the naming system of modern Ukrainian, describing important fragments of the lexical structure of the Ukrainian language, systematizing modern lexico-semantic naming models, and determining the ways of activating lexico-semantic substitution. For the first time in Ukrainian linguistics, the research analyzes peripheral classes of proper names in various ways, classifies ergonyms by thematic groups and motivational features underlying the naming unit and reveals the specifics of different semantic groups of Ukrainian pragmonyms.

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34

Rishat Zhurkenovich, Saurbayev, Zhetpisbay Aliya Kozhamuratkyzy, Demessinova Galina Khatipovna, Kulbayeva Baglan Tasbulatovna, and Vafeev Ravil Aisovich. "The Principles of Economy in Word-Formation in Functional Styles of English." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.29.

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The article is devoted to studying the principles of the language economy of modern English word-forming. The most productive ways of word-formation are highlighted, illustrating the tendency of the language to compress nominative units. In the system of English word-formation, the most effective ways to save speech are affixal word formation, word composition, and conversion. Due to the considerable potential of these methods of word formation, the vocabulary of the English language has such qualities as the richness of vocabulary, functionality, and economy. The main aim of the study is to consider the principles of word-formation in the modern English language through word-forming models represented by the concepts of length and depth of the generating word. The authors of the article explore the mechanism of the principle of the economy through the consideration of the ideas of “mental energy”, “word-forming energy”, and “pronouncing energy”. There are issues that attempt to answer; how does the principle of economy work in the English language – its word formation? What are the significant models of word formation in modern English? The findings indicate that there are active processes in the word-formation of the English language, which can cause the formation of new words without changing the length and depth of the generating term expanding the possibilities of word composition and conversion.

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35

Padel, O. J. "ZIMMER, ST.: Studies in Welsh word-formation." ZCPH 54, no. 1 (April 30, 2004): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zcph.2005.274.

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36

Richter, Gunnar. "Affix-imposed conditions in Chinese word formation." Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale 22, no. 1 (1993): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/clao.1993.1430.

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37

Richter, Gunnar. "AFFIX-IMPOSED CONDITIONS IN CHINESE WORD FORMATION." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 22, no. 1 (March 30, 1993): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000362.

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38

Tkachuk-Miroshnychenko, O. Ye. "CORONASPEAK-2020: WORD-FORMATION ASPECT." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 68 (1) (2021): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2021.1.10.

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The article presents a first assessment of the word-stock of “coronaspeak”-2020 — a new language of the Covid-19 pandemic. The English vocabulary is subjected to constant change due to various extralinguistic factors. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the ‘explosion’ of new words. As of today, “coronaspeak” has over 1,000 words with more units appearing each day. The scale of the expansion is unprecedented, which requires reaction of the linguistic community. The article raises the issue of the classification of the “coronaspeak” word-stock. It argues that facilitated by media and social networks new words are changing their status of nonce words to neologisms, which makes the classification untimely and premature. The word-building analysis of 200 new words of “coronaspeak” allows to conclude that the creation of the new “coronavirus” word-stock applies the structural patterns specific for the English language. These various patterns include semantic change in denotation, derivation, compounding, blending, shortening, The analysis of the “coranaspeak” word-stock has demonstrated that the semantic changes in denotation, in particular the extension and the narrowing of a meaning, are scarce, and, hence, non-productive. Affixation, as a word-forming process, has proved semi-productive with the predominantly noun-forming suffixes. Among a limited number of shortenings we have observed final (apocope) and initial (apheresis) clippings, combined with affixation, by adding the suffix — y. Compounding and blending have proved to be highly productive. According to the part of speech classification, most “coronaspeak” compounds and blends are nouns. Of special interest are a group of “coronapuns”, which have demonstrated pragmatic potential.

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39

Sultanova, Samal, Ludmila Volkova, Tilektes Toxanbaeva, Bibigul Nygmetova, and Liza Moldasheva. "The evolution of word formation series in the French language." XLinguae 15, no. 4 (October 2022): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2022.15.04.16.

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The research is devoted to the study of the evolution of the series of word formation in French of the XI-XX centuries and to the identification of the dynamics of the functioning and development of their links. The interest in this diachronic study of the French language word formation series is explained by the need to develop theoretical and practical questions of historical word formation, whose main task is to describe the formation and development of the training system for them. The evolution of the word formation system in the French language as a system of word formation series has not been the subject of particular research, although certain questions of historical word formation have attracted the attention of scholars, domestic and foreign scientists. The history of the development of the French language from the 9th century to the present day is covered, among others, in the works of N. A. Katagoshchina, N. M. Vasilyeva, L. M. Skrelina, L. A. Stanova (Katagoshchina, 1997; Skrelina, 2001). On the other hand, the works of Russian linguists provide a thorough and comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary processes that took place at the phonetic, morphological and syntactic levels of the development of the French language, but do not consider in detail the changes that took place in the system. French word formation.

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Inčiuraitė, Lina. "Cognitive Approach to Word Formation." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 2 (October 25, 2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2013.17257.

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Structural approach to word formation in Lithuanian is still dominant, meanwhile cognitive insights have not been applied yet. The object of this paper is the aspects of cognitive grammar to word formation. In the article, cognitive semantic notions and their application to the morphological analysis of cognitive grammar are introduced.In the cognitive theory of grammar, symbolicity plays a significant role. The essence of cognitive grammar is based on the idea that language units are bipolar language signs. A linguistic unit consists of phonological and semantic poles which are linked by a symbolic structure.A category is a network of meanings of a derivational morpheme, which, as in the case of lexical category, is structured in terms of prototype and periphery. The prototype of a category is considered to be the most typical member, whereas other senses of the prototype comprise the periphery.Morphological expressions are closely related to each other and comprise cognitive domains. A domain is perceived as knowledge in terms of which derivational morphemes can be interpreted.Compositionality is a process when the composite structure is determined by the meanings of its constituents. This process plays an integral part in understanding the senses of new morphological expressions. Full and partial compositionality types are typical of morphological expressions. In compounding, full compositionality is endocentric, meanwhile partial compositionality is exocentric.A large number of units are pertinent to each other by schema and instance relations. A schema is defined as a general model made of instances. The schema reflects the general meaning of instances. Due to further elaboration the instance becomes a basis for a new schema and its elaborating elements become new instances.

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Schuklina, Tatyana Y. "Expressive word formation as linguo-cultural phenomenon." XLinguae 9, no. 3 (June 2016): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2016.09.03.44-50.

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Redouane, Rabia. "The Acquisition of MSA Word Formation Processes." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 145-146 (2004): 181–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.145.0.562914.

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Kenesei, István. "Review of Bauer (1983): English Word-formation." Studies in Language 9, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.9.3.09ken.

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Caws, Catherine G. "LEONHARD LIPKA, Outline of English lexicology: Lexical structures, word semantics and word-formation." WORD 43, no. 3 (December 1, 1992): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1992.12098330.

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Abbi, Anvita, and Vysakh R. "Aspects of word formation processes in Luro." Asian Languages and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.00001.abb.

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Abstract Luro, an Austroasiatic language of the Mon-Khmer group is spoken in the Teressa island of the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands in the Bay of Bengal, India. Luro is a critically endangered language spoken by less than 2,000 speakers (Directorate of Census Operations 2011). The morphology of Luro is virtually undescribed in detail so far. The previous works are restricted to deRoepstorff (1875), Cruz (2005), Man (1889) and Rajasingh (2019) which are limited to wordlists and a partial dictionary. This is the first-ever account of word formation process in the language. Word formation processes include among others, compounding and derivation across grammatical categories. Incorporation is used in verb morphology. Although language does not have an extensive case marking system postpositions appear on some nouns optionally. Nouns are marked for duality and plurality but not for gender. Negation is indexed with pronoun morphology and participates in formation of antonyms. Kinship terminology and Number System have also been dealt with to represent diverse word formation processes.1

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Zavadskay, Anastasiya V. "Word-formation neologisms of the coronavirus pandemic era in the media space." Neophilology, no. 2 (2022): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2022-8-2-286-294.

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We present the results of the analysis of word-formation neologisms that entered the Russian language during the coronavirus pandemic. The texts of the media space, which served as the research material, clearly demonstrate the active processes currently taking place in the voca-bulary and word-formation of Russian language. The neologisms selected by the continuous sam-pling method are classified by us into groups depending on the methods of word-formation. The most frequent methods of usual word-formation are the suffix method and the stem and word composition. Along with the usual methods in the word-formation of “pandemic” neologisms, non-usual methods of word formation (contamination, interword overlap, graphohybridization,) are often used. Drawing an analogy with the English-language media discourse, we point out that some of the contaminants entered the Russian language in a ready-made form as a result of bor-rowing from the English language. We also show the phenomena of polysemy and synonymy among “pandemic” neologisms. We conclude that the neologisms of the pandemic era reflect the general trends occurring in the word-formation of the Russian language in the 21st century. The data obtained can be used in the dictionary of the Russian language of the pandemic era, as well as in the courses of lectures on lexicology and word-formation of the Russian language.

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Yenikeyeva, Saniya, and Olga Klymenko. "Synergy of modern English word-formation system." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S1 (October 5, 2021): 1110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns1.1495.

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The article focuses on the study of synergetic approach to the principles of Modern English word-formation system structural organization and development. Word-formation is regarded as a complex open non-equilibrium system with non-linear scenarios of development. The structural organization of the English language in general and word-formation endo-system in particular ensures their ability to self-organize via accepting and adapting new language units, meanings and functions (in terms of synergetic – innovative substance, energy and information) or their dissipation. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of language units’ functional trans orientation which contributes to the enrichment of word-forming devices and leads to the improvement of verb creative mechanisms.

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Tretsiakova, Yu R. "About the formal-semantic abstraction levels of derivational chains of emotive verbs in the Russian language." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 67, no. 3 (August 3, 2022): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2022-67-3-289-300.

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The relevance of the systems approach in the science of language in recent decades has led to the popularity of studying complex units of the word formation system (word-formation pairs, type, paradigm, chain, nest). The article is devoted to the description of the word-formation chain as a syntagmatic derivational structure organized by the stepped formation of each derivative in a certain word-formation way. The phenomenon of through-the-stepped word formation is described, which results in omission of a motivating lexeme and indicating the incompleteness of the derivational chain. The paper lists the criteria for typing and abstraction of word-formation chains within the LSG of emotive verbs. According to the degree of abstraction the hierarchy of derivational chains is presented: specific, typical, categorical word-formation chains. The author of the article draws attention to the need to single out an even more typified association of word-formation chains, based on the equal-thematic nature of word-formation meanings – supercategorical word-formation chains. These structures represent an invariant derivational model typing categorical derivational chains of one LSG. The paper notes the need to highlight such abstracted word-formation models as a means of ordering the derivational system of the language.

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Ruomei, Fu. "Chinese Affixes and Word Formation." Humaniora 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v5i1.2990.

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Chinese language is one of the typical isolated languages. It lacks morphological variation; part of speech has no morphological signs; the additional component of word formation is less; and the roots never change their forms. The major method of Chinese word formation is the combination of roots according to certain grammatical relations. Although the affix word formation is not part of mainstream Chinese word formation, affix-formation is still an integral part of the Chinese word-formation. Article used literature review, summarized the types and meanings of Chinese affixes. And meanwhile, article analyzed word formation function of Chinese Affixes and quasi-affixes. The Chinese quasi-affixes have stronger capabilities in forming new words, but development direction of Chinese quasi-affixes has to stand the test of time.

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Hüning, Matthias. "Semantic niches and analogy in word formation." Languages in Contrast 9, no. 2 (October 22, 2009): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.9.2.01hun.

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Word formation, like other lexical phenomena, seems to be a difficult terrain for contrastive linguistics since it hardly allows for significant and insightful generalizations about the differences between two languages, as has been stated in the literature more than once. This paper investigates one factor leading to morphological differences and contrasts between historically related languages (Dutch and German). It is argued that word formation processes often show semantic fragmentation: in the course of time they develop ‘semantic niches’, i.e. groups of words (subsets of a morphological category) kept together by formal and semantic criteria and extendable via analogy. When looking at word formation from a contrastive point of view, these niches seem to allow for better generalizations in terms of systematic correspondences and differences between two languages than the category as a whole. As a consequence, productivity should not be seen as an absolute notion, but rather as a local and gradual phenomenon. Morphology should not only account for the possibility of coining new words but also for their probability, because language comparison shows that even allegedly equivalent word formation processes often differ with respect to the probability of their use. The paper therefore argues in favour of an analogy approach that takes the existence of semantic niches seriously.

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