Dissertations / Theses: 'Burma'

1

Thwin, Tun. "The impact of political thought on Burma's struggle for independence, (1930-1948)." Ann Arbor : Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68588467.html.

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2

Rogers, Edward W. "Burma on the brink : complications for U.S. policy in Burma." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26404.

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3

Kurabe, Keita. "A Grammar of Jinghpaw, from Northern Burma." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215246.

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4

Hingkanonta, Lalita. "The police in colonial Burma." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/17360/.

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5

Win, Kyaw Zaw. "A history of the Burma Socialist Party (1930-1964)." School of History and Politics - Faculty of Arts, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/106.

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This dissertation seeks to demonstrate the legacy and historical significance of the Burma Socialist Party (BSP), and so, to solve major puzzles for scholars of Burmese history, particularly with regard to how the links between civilian and military groups in politics in Burma came about. Thus, this thesis addresses a major gap in the current historical literature, which has tended to underplay or ignore the role of the BSP. In so doing this work draws a wide range of interviews, archives and hitherto unused research sources, as well as the historical analyses in English and Burmese contribute. The thesis begins by examining the historical and cultural antecedents of the BSP. The party was formed as a major element of Burma’s independence movement, which developed from a core group of nationalist leaders. Among these leaders were founders and key members of the future BSP. The Peoples’ Revolutionary Party (PRP), the prewar version of the BSP, emerged in the struggle for independence and played a key role in that struggle as a core group around which the future state was founded. After the War, the BSP came out as separate party to compete with the Communist Party of Burma (CPB). The Tatmadaw played a key role in this process, and thus the process itself was a crucial turning point in Burma’s history. The BSP was the main political party after Burma’s independence in 1948. This situation can be seen through looking at the way the Anti-Fascist Peoples’ Freedom League (AFPFL) operated as the umbrella of the BSP. The BSP shaped domestic and foreign policies in the period 1948-58, and provided the basis of various forms of government, even at times of internal division. It was in these circumstances that the military aspect of Burmese politics became important. Careful examination of the sources dealing with the major political influences of the post-independence period shows that the Burmese military took their ideas from the BSP and launched their bid for power by taking over from the BSP.

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6

Fung, Wai-ming Terry. "Military professionalization and intervention in Thailand and Burma 1945-1980." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13493814.

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Hudson, Bob. "The origins of Bagan the archaeological landscape of Upper Burma to AD 1300 /." Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/638.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004.
"A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for admission to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Sydney, 2004" Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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8

Hellerud, Kristofer. "Improviserade ickevåldskonflikter : -Fallen Ukraina och Burma." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1109.

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The purpose of the essay is to investigate whether the principles formulated by Peter Ackerman and Christopher Kruegler, concerning strategic non-violent conflicts, can serve a purpose when analyzing improvised non-violent conflicts. The principles are derived from factors that have been prominent in earlier successful improvised non-violent conflicts.

The essay is based on two research questions; if the factors included in the principles formulated by Ackerman and Kruegler, exist in the two cases that this study investigates, and if those principles offer a satisfactory explanation for the outcome of an improvised non-violent conflict.

To answer the questions the study uses a comparative method, where the improvised non-violent conflict of 2004 in Ukraine is compared to the improvised non-violent conflict of 1988 in Burma.

The answer to the first question shows that the factors contained in the principles previously mentioned, exists in both cases. The answer to the second question is more uncertain, as there seems to be doubts on whether the case of Ukraine really was completely improvised. Another reason for caution is that the factors contained in the principles, only consider actions made by non-violent actors, and not by opponents or third parties. Thus the risks of missing vital explanatory factors are substantial.

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9

Wintin, Thet Thet. "The prison in pre-colonial Burma." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435829.

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10

Heaney, Dennis S. "Burma assessing options for U.S. engagement." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FHeaney.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Simons, Anna. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Burma, Counterinsurgency, Ethnic Minorities, Pro-democracy movement, Natural resources, Western sanctions, Regional partners, Human rights abuses, Drug trade, U.S. Engagement. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-95). Also available in print.

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11

Tint, Win. "Population projections for Burma 1983-2013." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117557.

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Most countries in the world endeavour to develop their society and economy by means of short and long-term plans. In attempting to do this, information on the current and future size of the population and its age-sex distribution play an important role. Population projections are thus essential tools for development planning. In this study, an attempt has been made to project the population size and age-sex structure of Burma for a thirty year period from 1983 to 2013. The information provided by the 1983 census is used as basic data even though it has some limitations. To describe the rough demographic trends of the country, the data from annual vital statistics reports are also utilized. There are six chapters in this study. In Chapter I, the geographic and demographic backgrounds, of Burma are viewed. Chapter II is an analysis of the 1983 census age-sex distribution by means of sex ratios and age accuracy indices. Adjusted and smoothed age-sex data are obtained by three methods. In Chapter III, the three components of population growth: mortality; fertility and migration are examined. It is found that Burma's mortality and fertility have declined over time. A high level of literacy, an increase in the singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) and decrease in the proportion of married led to fertility decline. International migration is not significant in Burma. In Chapter IV, population projections are made using 3 mortality and 4 fertility assumptions. In Chapter V, the implications of the projected population are assessed. The effect of rapid population growth on the socio-economic sectors: agriculture; education; health and employment are evaluated. This study concludes that the higher the fertility, the greater the problems for socio-economic development in the country. Fertility control is desirable to prevent further economic deterioration in Burma.

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12

Htike, Thaung. "Some aspects of the cattle economy of Burma : 1948 to 1984." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131911.

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Agriculture is still the main stay of the Burmese economy and the livestock sub-sector is an integral part of the agricultural sector. Use of draught cattle , which is the main source of power , is significantly related to the intensity of cultivation. Livestock are maintained by small farmers as part of mixed farming , in this way these two sectors are complementary and inter-dependent. The main objective of this study is to examine the aspects of the cattle economy of Burma since independence and the consequences of State policy in this field. Much has been done in the agricultural sector since independence, especially beginning from the early 1960s and effects have started to become noticeable since the late 1970s. The livestock sector is targeted to increase at an average annual growth rate of 5.34 percent in net value of output (at constant 1969-70 prices) during the Twenty - Year Plan (1974-75 to 1993-94). However, actual growth rate during the first decade (1974 - 75 to 1983 - 84 ) was 4.49 percent , less than the desired rate . Growth of agriculture has been substantial and growth in numbes of draught cattle though higher in recent decades than in the past is still not sufficient , because of the dispersion of land among the peasants. During the past decade, as the rate of expansion draught cattle was faster than that of total sown area, average sown area per yoke has been declining. Percapita consumption of meat is fairly low and percapita consumption of milk is very low, in fact lowest in the Asian region. To improve the situation, the State has been encouraging individuals and organizations to take up and or improve animal rearing for milk production. A milk processing plant is being established with Australian aid. Recent policy initiatives (since the late 1970s) and establishment of a separate Ministry of Livestock Breeding and Fisheries (in 1983) including initiatives like livestock insurance and loan schemes, the milk processing plant and improved breeding programmes should help to improve performance of the sector. Due to constraints of data availability this study has been restricted to an overall view of the sector°s performance . Periodic indepth studies of the sector (with appropriate data base) will help in identification of bottlenecks and formulation of appropriate corrective policy.

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13

Dudley, Sandra. "Displacement and identity : Karenni refugees in Thailand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482828.

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歐陽秋眉 and Yang Chiu-mei Ou. "A mineralogical study of Burmese jadeite jade." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3120739X.

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15

Myint, Nyan. "Levels and trends of fertility and mortality in Burma." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116919.

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In Burma, levels of fertility and mortality are usually estimated directly using the data from the incomplete vital registration. These estimates, of course, are under-estimates and fertility and mortality are the areas for further research in Burma. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to estimate the levels and trends of fertility and mortality in Burma. Although the Governments of Burma have never intervened in the fertility attitude of the people, the former socialist Government limited access to any modern methods of contraception. However, this study shows that a fertility decline started in urban areas in the early 1970s. Moreover, the levels of fertility in Burma have never exceeded those in India and Bangladesh. Historically, Burma had lower fertility than India as a whole throughout the pre-War period. The higher age at marriage, the higher status of women, the higher level of female literacy and the main religion in Burma, Buddhism, which does not discourage the use of any methods of contraception, are the main causes of lower fertility in Burma. Recently, various sources, such as the United Nations, ESCAP, the World Bank and the US Bureau of the Census, have given quite different estimates of mortality, especially the level of infant mortality for Burma. Therefore, some indirect estimates of infant and child mortality, using the data on children ever born and children still living from the 1983 Census, are also made in this study. The estimates of both infant and general mortality derived in this study are much higher than both the Government's official estimates and the United Nations estimates. Moreover, this study shows that mortality has declined substantially since the mid-1950s, and the decline was much more faster in urban areas than in rural areas. However, it has apparently slowed down in recent years. The levels of mortality were much lower in Burma than in India throughout the pre-War period, and still lower than in India and Bangladesh but higher than in Thailand.

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16

Ye, Myint U. "The role of agricultural co-operatives in Burma." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/120890.

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Burma is a country with a long history of rural co-operatives and with new trends in the co-operative movement. The trend has recently been to move from lower to higher stages of cooperation - from credit provision to marketing, and from marketing to farming activities. The latest development is in the field of co-operative farming which involves joint efforts in cultivation of land leading to pooling of cultivation rights and to group farming. The major aim of this study is to see how agricultural co-operatives have contributed to rural development in Burma, to examine the causes of failure and success of the agricultural co-operative movement in the past, to review the present status of the movement, and to highlight ways and means that will encourage success in the future. The co-operative movement was started in Burma in 1905, under British rule, to free the small cultivator from dependence on private money-lenders. Much was expected of the movement, but it was a failure and this seriously damaged the image of co-operatives. After Burma regained its independence the Five Year Co-operative Plan was announced and agricultural co-operatives were formed to service its members with finance, to supply consumer goods and agricultural inputs, to sell produce and to promote thrift. Serious difficulties, including reliance on government loans, inefficiency compared to private traders and inadequate leadership, meant that most society did not serve their members well. When the Revolutionary Council came to power, bogus societies were liquidated and efforts were made to form new socialist co-operatives as a mode of socialist ownership of means of production. The co-operative was regarded as the only socially-acceptable form of socializing small-scale producers, but most of the peasants were unwilling to pool their land. The Ministry of Co-operatives adopted the Pilot Project for Co-operative Fanning which emphasised establishing co-operative farms on cultivable waste land. The Pilot Project aimed to attract farmers through demonstration of the benefits of co-operative farming. Most co-operative farms, however, appear to have failed to take full advantage of their large scale and have experienced management disadvantages. The majority of land remains under individual private ownership and management and the small-holders are still economically dominant. Co-operative farming is still in its infancy and has not taken firm root. Only state initiative and local leadership can give momentum to the movement. It has to rely on good management and new technology to achieve higher productivity and output in order to attract more farmers.

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17

Hudson, Bob. "The Origins of Bagan: The archaeological landscape of Upper Burma to AD 1300." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/638.

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The archaeological landscape of Upper Burma from the middle of the first millennium BC to the Bagan period in the 13th-14th century AD is a landscape of continuity. Finds of polished stone and bronze artifacts suggest the existence of early metal-using cultures in the Chindwin and Samon River Valleys, and along parts of the Ayeyarwady plain. Increasing technological and settlement complexity in the Samon Valley suggests that a distinctive culture whose agricultural and trade success can be read in the archaeological record of the Late Prehistoric period developed there. The appearance of the early urban "Pyu" system of walled central places during the early first millennium AD seems to have involved a spread of agricultural and management skills and population from the Samon. The leaders of the urban centres adopted Indic symbols and Sanskrit modes of kingship to enhance and extend their authority. The early urban system was subject over time to a range of stresses including siltation of water systems, external disruption and social changes as Buddhist notions of leadership eclipsed Brahmanical ones. The archaeological evidence indicates that a settlement was forming at Bagan during the last centuries of the first millennium AD. By the mid 11th century Bagan began to dominate Upper Burma, and the region began a transition from a system of largely autonomous city states to a centralised kingdom. Inscriptions of the 11th to 13th centuries indicate that as the Bagan Empire expanded it subsumed the agricultural lands that had been developed by the Pyu.

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18

Wright, Ashley Kirsten Elizabeth. "Opium policy in colonial Burma, 1826-1948." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612342.

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19

Sein, Ma Yin Yin. "Analytical study of selected Myanmar biography and autobiography published in Myanmar." Yangon : University of Yangon Department of Library and Information Studies, 2002. http://books.google.com/books?id=_-ffAAAAMAAJ.

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20

Skagegård, Maya. "Att förebygga könsbaserat våld i Burma : En kvalitativ studie av trosbaserade organisationers förebyggande arbete mot könsbaserat våld i Burma." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-338854.

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Skagegård, Maya. "Att förebygga könsbaserat våld i Burma : En kvalitativ studie av trosbaserade organisationers förebyggande arbete mot könsbaserat våld i Burma." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-343436.

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22

Duckett, Richard Anthony. "The Special Operations Executive in Burma, 1941-1945." Thesis, Open University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676109.

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23

Brown, Jennifer Mary. "The molecular basis of beta-thalassaemia in Burma." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276507.

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24

Green, Pamela Catherine. "The Thai-based 'Burma movement' : understanding underlying divisions." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29149.

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This thesis explores the underlying dynamics of the Thai-based 'Burma Movement', before and after the game-changing 2010 election. In particular, it investigates the role of visible organisational divisions related to gender, ethnicity, and leadership disagreements, alongside differences in work styles and expectations related to international engagement. The Thai-based 'Burma Movement' posed a puzzle insofar as the organisational fragmentation of rights-based groups did not necessarily align with the goals, forms of activism/operation, and strategies of what was internationally understood as the movement for change in Burma. Subsequently, analysis of the underlying tensions of ethnic-minority rights-based organisations, in their specific forms of engagement with influential international actors, was required to aid understanding of the particular dynamics, successes and failures of the movement. The research builds on Bourdieu's tools of field, capital, habitus, and his reflexive methodological orientation, particularly in how these have been elaborated through Fligstein and McAdam’s concepts of strategic action fields (SAFs), resources and social skills. Fieldwork was conducted through semi-structured interviews with activists from two ethnicities (Arakan and Pa-Oh) on the Thai-Burma border. Analysing their perspectives revealed two concurrent SAFs: one with a United Burma orientation, and another based on Grassroots Nationalities . Furthermore, these SAFs drew on two different orientations related to resource perspectives, the Internationally-Influenced versus Community/Traditional-Influenced. Ethnicity and gender were acknowledged as culturally-entwined influences on status and access to opportunities, but ultimately both served as components within an individual's outlook rather than as separate SAFs. Authority, leadership and social skills were also identified as key factors in the success or failure of initiatives, in alignment with the same SAFs and resource perspectives. The research concludes that, while leadership and issue/ethnic/gender-related insularity were indeed important considerations, the identification of underlying, but divergent, perspectives related to SAFs, resources and applications of social skills ultimately offered greater explanatory insight.

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Khin, Maung Aye Suvajee Good. "The right to a fair trial in Burma /." Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/cd356/4236015.pdf.

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Bobinskas, Peter Michael. "The Kachin and the Burmese state : background and analysis of the 1994 ceasefire /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19091.pdf.

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Bhattacharya, Dahlia. "History of the Bengal settlers in burma (1826-1962) : their impact on the political economic and cultural life of Burma (Myanmar)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1675.

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Myint, Phyusin Myo Kyaw. "Spirituality and Religion in Women's Leadership for Sustainable Development in Crisis Conditions: The Case of Burma." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1814.

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This research focuses on women's leadership roles for sustainable development in crisis conditions with particular attention to the foundations of the leadership roles of women based in spirituality and religion. The research question for this study ask: How do religious and spiritual traditions contribute to the leadership roles of women that can be effective in building sustainable development in crisis conditions? The study uses a content analysis of a key body of women's writings from Burma. The findings from the data explain some of the ways in which spirituality and religion have played significant roles in promoting the leadership of women at the community level for sustainable development under crisis conditions. The study contributes to theory development by generating a set of propositions on the leadership roles of women drawing from religious and spiritual traditions that can be tested in other regions and countries. The study also offers a set of lessons for sustainable development practice.

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29

Dunlop, Graham. "British Army logistics in the Burma Campaign, 1942-1945." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29091.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine logistic influences on the design, conduct and outcome of British operations in Burma in order to demonstrate the relative importance of logistics to the final victory. The thesis comprises three parts. Part one looks at the British retreat from Burma in 1942, as well as India’s economic and military position at that time, in order to establish the foremost logistic problems that had to be solved before the war could be taken back to the Japanese. India was ill-fitted to become the strategic base for further operations; the operational lines of communication in the north east of the country were inadequate; and, at the tactical level, suitable means of maintaining forces in the jungle were lacking. Part two examines the building of the base infrastructure in India; the improvement of the lines of communication; and the evolution of air, water and animal-borne supply during 1942 and 1943. Part three assesses the impact of these developments on the conduct and outcome of operations in 1944 and 1945. It shows that the strategic timetable of the campaign until 1944 was dictated mainly by the progress achieved in assembling the resources and solving the problems identified in part one. It reveals that the direction of operations thereafter was determined as much by the alignment and capacity of the lines of communication, and the need to control them, as by strategic intentions and enemy actions. It demonstrates the crucial importance of the methods developed in tactical supply to the achievement of success on the battlefield. Overlaid on all the above, the thesis indicates that the priority attached to maintaining and expanding the supply line to China, as well as the shortage of amphibious and air transport resources, had a decisive impact on the strategic and operational conduct of the campaign.

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Rudland, Emily, and emily rudland@netspeed com au. "Political Triage: Health and the State in Myanmar (Burma)." The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070719.123952.

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In 1988, the military government in Myanmar abandoned the socialist ideology and isolationism that had shaped the state since independence, embarking on a transition to an open economy and engagement of the international community. ¶ Where socialism had failed, economic development and partnerships with former insurgent groups became the new strategy to advance the militarys security agenda. The primary goal of the security agenda is to promote state consolidation based on a unitary state structure, and according to military values and interests. However, the militarys goals are antagonistic to much of the countrys population, especially its ethnic minority groups. Consequently, the military lacks moral authority, and is preoccupied with maintaining its power and seeking legitimacy. The state is oriented to regime maintenance rather than policy implementation, leaving the regime without autonomy to pursue policy goals outside of its security agenda. ¶ The changing nature of the state, and state-society relations during the period of transition is revealed by trends in social development. Specifically, this thesis explores these issues through a case study of the health system. One impact of the economic transition and the militarys new nation-building strategy has been the abandonment of social equity as an ideological goal of the state. Even under socialism, state capacity to promote health was weak. In the transitional state, weak state capacity is now combined with a political incapacity of the regime to make public health a priority. In the quest for performance legitimacy, the military government is pursuing a narrow conception of development that values economic growth. Putting the states scarce resources into social development does not fit into this development strategy. Government expenditure on health has declined steadily since 1988, and health bureaucrats struggle to implement government policy. Standards in the public health system are very low, and most people seek health care in the private and informal health sectors. ¶ Therefore, the military regimes inability to achieve state consolidation, which leaves it preoccupied with its own legitimacy crisis, is a significant factor in the inability of the Myanmar state to promote social development. The process of economic transition from a socialist economy has exacerbated this through the withdrawal of the state from financing and delivery of social services, resulting in increasing inequity of access to these services.

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Bryant, Raymond L. "The political ecology of forestry in Burma 1824-1994 /." Honolulu : University of Hawai'i Press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402286793.

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Rudland, Emily. "Political triage : health and the state in Myanmar (Burma) /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20070719.123952/index.html.

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33

Bedford, Zoe. "Is Peace Possible in Burma? A Study of Community-Based Organisations on the Thai-Burma border and the challenges of building positive peace." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22827.

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Burma/Myanmar’s history has been one of division and conflict, including between the central government and ethnic minority groups living in the borderlands of the country. This research is concerned with the role of community-based organisations (CBOs) on the Thai/Burma border who have been providing support to refugees from these conflicts as well as those still inside Burma/Myanmar in need of emergency aid and development assistance in such areas as food and shelter, health, education and women’s rights. The thesis argues that these CBOs have been leading the way in providing aid and development that contributes to building a culture of peace. Since the democratic elections of 2010, the transition to peace in Burma/Myanmar has emphasised unity and disciplined democracy along with the pursuit of security and national stability. The peace process has been focused on securing ceasefire agreements with ethnic armed groups; however, the underlying root causes of the conflict are yet to be addressed and as such the process is at a crossroads where negative peace, in terms of the ending of armed violence, is a possibility. According to CBO representatives interviewed for this research, a peace deal that does not offer a resolution to the causal issues of federalism, resource management and justice, is at risk of becoming a failed peace process and has little hope of achieving positive peace. The thesis concludes that a positive peace is still a possibility if there is a change in approach away from top-down liberal peacebuilding and towards a more bottom-up and holistic emancipatory peace process that focuses on equality, decolonisation, transparency, inclusion, the decentralisation of power and a recognition of the role CBOs have played in building grassroots resilience and empowerment, and could play in building a positive peace.

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34

Skidmore, Monique. "Flying through a skyful of lies : survival strategies and the politics of fear in urban Myanmar (Burma)." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35670.

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This thesis concerns the cultural construction and mechanics of violence, domination, and survival under a Southeast Asian totalitarian regime. It entails an examination of the modern character of violence and domination in Myanmar (Burma) through the inscription of State power upon the bodies of Burmans and via the ramifications of the regime's alliance with the drug lords upon the urban struggle for survival. At times of extreme domination, fear, and degradation, very little space exists for psychological and physical resistance. Burmans seek escape from this situation by withdrawing into domains characterized by denial, numbness, and temporary madness. My concern is with the lived experience of totalitarianism, the way that individuals respond differently according to a prior series of lived experiences, and the particular idioms drawn upon to construct survival strategies.
An important culturally constructed strategy of survival in Myanmar entails the detaching of agency from the body while the mind "flies" to freedom. This strategy has a long history not only in Burmese, but also in other Southeast Asian histories, myths, and legends. Just as Burmese wizards fly to a mythical landscape in the foothills of the Himalayas when released from their physical bodies, so too do heroin addicts, prostitutes, psychiatric patients, and the urban poor flee to Burmese fantasylands to escape the domination of the military regime. This strategy, one of many adopted by urban residents, denies the State the final prize it so desperately craves: the willing participation of Burmans in a military society, the complete internalization of totalitarian ideology such that no other ideologies can exist and no space is left for their creation and negotiation. In the conclusion I argue that the regime is aware that it has faded in this task.
I also examine the possibility that the existence of multiple Burmese worlds or realities, in conjunction with a strong belief in the miraculous may offer new ground for research into the trauma of survivors of violence and terror. The construction of madness, death, and reanimation in Burmese culture, grounds particular survival strategies in logical, hopeful, and perhaps curative, rationalities.

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35

Cheesman, Nicholas Whitridge. "The politics of law and order in Myanmar." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109594.

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This thesis explores the idea and praxis of "law and order" as an opposing principle of government to the rule of law, through study of the criminal juridical system of Myanmar. It finds that this system alludes routinely to the rule of law while enabling practices that contradict it. It explains this contradiction by arguing that the system is animated by politics that conflate law and order with the rule of law. The origins of the criminal juridical system in Myanmar lie in the authoritarian imperatives of the British colonial regime. These imperatives the regime expressed legalistically. A formalistic rule-of-law idea took hold and carried over into the postcolony. It expanded to encompass notions of substantive rights; however, after a military takeover of the state apparatus in 1962 it lost credence. When the rule of law re-emerged strongly in political and juridical language during the 1990's, under a new military junta, it was as a synonym for law and order. Yet, semantically "law and order" in Burmese does not refer to "law" at all. It describes an ideal society that is subdued administratively, not one governed juridically. Reading records of 340 court cases, accompanied by findings from research among legal professionals and extensive study of published and unpublished government documents, I argue that law and order has subsumed the rule of law in Myanmar both as an idea and in practice. I advance the argument by exploring some of the system's key features, including its pursuit of public enemies, and the role of the policeman as bearer of sovereign authority. I show how the criminal juridical system operates as a marketplace for the buying and selling of case outcomes, and how this feature of the system is consonant with the maintenance of order. I examine how the making of complaints against officials is possible within the system's pragmatic frame, and to an extent is encouraged. And I reveal how in response to protest during 2007 courts in Myanmar, rather than sanctioning police officers and other officials for violating law instead functioned as gatekeepers on a juridical threshold, across which people could be taken at will, but from which they could be returned, through trial and sentencing. The thesis constitutes an empirical response to conceptual debate about the rule of law. It argues that the debate can be enriched through more effort to construct and critique opposing concepts, and through research of systems animated by principles of government other than the rule of law or its likenesses. By positing law and order as one opposing concept, this thesis queries the seeming ubiquity of rule of law discourse. It also illuminates the contradictory qualities of "law and order" itself, alerting us to the persistent difficulty of attempting to reconcile the normative and general properties of law with the pragmatic and particular properties of order.

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Pang, Lai-kei, and 彭麗姬. "Passive resistance to hegemonic control in China and Myanmar." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951478.

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Tainturier, François. "The foundation of Mandalay by King Mindon." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599993.

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38

Chin, Victor A. "The prospect of China's access to naval facilities in Burma and the ramifications for regional stability." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FChin.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Michael Malley, Alice L. Miller. "June 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-82). Also available in print.

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Woods, Jamie. "Welcome to America: A Culturally-Appropriate Resource Manual for Karen Refugees in DeKalb County, Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/80.

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Introduction: It is estimated that as many as 17,000 Burmese refugees will enter into the United States (U.S.) in 2009 (USDOS, 2009). Many of these refugees will arrive in Georgia, as many as 80% of which will resettle in DeKalb County. Majority of these refugees will be of Karen ethnicity, an ethnic minority comprising 7% of the Myanmar population. Myanmar’s economic struggles, history of civil war, social injustices, and political crisis have led many of its residents to flee persecution seeking refuge in the U.S. Conflict also impacts the health status of Myanmar. In the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ranking of the health status of individual countries, Myanmar ranked almost last. Due to the poor health outcomes of individuals living in Myanmar and the Refugee camps in Thailand, it can be expected that the refugees entering the U.S. will have significant health problems. Aim: The purpose of this capstone was to provide a resource for the Karen in DeKalb County so that they may have a link to necessary personal health services that may have otherwise been unavailable, and inform educate and empower these individuals about health issues that impact them. Methods: A needs assessment of the target population was conducted, and interviews of three trained health promoters from the Karen community in DeKalb County were used to gain insight into the needs of newly arriving refugees Results: Karen refugees often enter the U.S. with a host of health problems, but lack knowledge surrounding navigation of the U.S. healthcare system. Discussion: The findings of the review of literature and interviews of Karen refugees in the community supports the assumption that a resource manual is needed to assist the Karen refugees residing in DeKalb County, and has the potential to positively impact the resettlement process and improve health for these individuals. In addition, results suggest that categories of health chosen for inclusion in the manual were in line with the needs of the Karen refugees.

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Frasch, Tilman. "Pagan : Stadt und Staat /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41033586w.

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41

Mori, Takato. "'Co-prosperity' or 'commonwealth'? : Japan, Britain and Burma 1940-1945." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2136/.

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The entry of Japanese forces into Southeast Asia in 1940 and 1941, now generally identified as one of the vital causes of the Pacific War, and the following Japanese interregnum in the region during the war have been the focus of a considerable volume of studies. In particular, the causation and motivation behind Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia has been a matter of much historiographical and public debate in recent years. This thesis aims to clarify the goals behind Japanese policy and explore how it evolved both prior to and during the war, and how it in turn affected British policy. This study explores these subjects with particular focus on the following issues. It examines how the idea of building a 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere' developed as the rationale for Japanese policy and to what extent the Japanese pre-war and wartime policy to nurture nationalist aspirations in Southeast Asia was driven by the ideological claims behind this concept. It also assesses how the Japanese southern expansion and the following occupation influenced British policy towards Southeast Asia, where Britain faced the rise of a number of active nationalist movements. These questions considered at the general level are also examined through a case study of Burma which provides an interesting example for the analysis of the real motives and intentions behind Japanese policy as well as for studying its impact on British policy planning to maintain its presence in the region.

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Fung, Wai-ming Terry, and 馮偉明. "Military professionalization and intervention in Thailand and Burma 1945-1980." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950255.

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43

Than, Tin Maung Maung. "The political economy of industrialization in Burma 1948 to 1988." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267574.

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Leigh, Michael Dawson. "Methodist missionaries, society and politics in Upper Burma 18887-1966." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535746.

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The first English Methodist missionaries arrived in Mandalay in 1887, just two years after Upper Burma was annexed as a British colony. During the next 79 years nearly eighty missionaries struggled to establish and maintain mission stations in Mandalay, Kyaukse, Monywa, Pakokku, Pyawbwe and elsewhere. The last Methodist missionary left Burma in 1966. Each generation contended with turbulent events. In the 1920s and 1930s the missionaries faced ferocious opposition from nationalists. When the Japanese invaded in 1942 the missionaries fled to India leaving behind the Burmese Methodists to cope on their own. The missionaries returned to Burma in 1945 to discover that much of the mission property had been damaged or destroyed and that there was widespread social disruption. They lived through the effects of the assassination of General Aung San in July 1947 and Independence in January 1948. In the 1950s they were caught up in the crossfire between rival forces in the civil war and were subsequently affected by political instability and economic collapse during U Nu's premiership. After 1962 they had to survive the xenophobic and oppressive atmosphere of General Ne Win's Burma. Latterly the Methodist Missionaries extended their work into the Upper Chindwin, where they successfully proselytised the Lushai and Khongsai peoples, but Buddhist Burmans remained resolutely unresponsive. The thesis examines the internal dynamics of the mission - the missionaries' relationships one with another and with the Missionary Society in London. It also looks at some 'subaltern-style' contests that developed as the Church moved towards autonomy. The missionaries' stock-in-trade - religious conversion - was a constant source of social tension, and their relationships with the imperial ideal, colonial society, local people and Buddhist leaders were complicated and ambiguous. The correspondence, reports and minutes left behind by the missionaries provide valuable insights into European attitudes and Burmese politics of the time.

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Win, Sandar. "Sociological institutionalist approach on banks' lending behavior in Myanmar (Burma)." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/315809.

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This is an exploratory study which investigated the process by which banks' lending behaviour in Myanmar (Bunna) was influenced by the institutional environment and their responses towards them. The theoretical framework used in this study was primarily drawn upon Scott's new institutional theory. Since the theory focused on the convergent perspective rather than divergent perspective, the theory of Oliver's strategic responses to these institutional pressures, coercive, normative and mimetic, was incorporated in the theoretical framework development. The main method of data collection was interviews. NVIVO was used to analyse these interviewed data. However, descriptive statistics were also used to provide a comprehensive picture of the context being studied. The findings suggest that banks' always attempted to extemalise risks to borrowers. Their responses to institutional pressures were to conform but a range of other forms of resistance were also found. However, strong forms of resistance were uncommon. I have also identified the situations in which the banks would choose either strong or weak forms of resistance to institutional pressures. Such identifications may add understanding to the specific lending strategies that are developed in different circumstances. The study also contributed to closing the gap in banking literature through conducting research in the context of Myanmar, which was previously unexplored. In addition, it suggests areas needed to be improved for financial sector development in Myanmar.

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Cannon, John William. "The rise of democratic student movements in Thailand and Burma." Thesis, [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13465442.

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Dale, John Gilbert. "Transnational legal space : corporations, states, and the Free Burma movement /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Sacquety, Troy James. "The organizational evolution of OSS detachment 101 in Burma; 1942-1945." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3280.

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Johari, Zaiton bte. "The role of the Tatmadaw in modern day Burma : an analysis/." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378032.

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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.
Thesis advisor(s): Abenheim, Donald. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92). Also available online.

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Gedeon, Jillian. "Assessing the Experiences of IUD Users Along the Thailand-Burma Border." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31695.

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The forced displacement of over 100 ethnic minorities in Burma over the last few decades has negatively impacted the overall health of this population. The maternal mortality ratio along the Thailand-Burma border is one of the highest in the world and access to life saving reproductive health services and technologies is minimal. The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of intra-uterine device (IUD) users living along the border while exploring the various influences that have shaped women’s reproductive experiences. Using qualitative methods, I found that differences in legal/minority status, culture, availability of services, health status, financial status, and education/awareness of family planning can determine women’s overall health in the region. The use of the IUD helped reduce the influence of these factors and provided women with reproductive autonomy; the contraceptive technology was greatly appreciated by users for its efficiency, its effectiveness, and its safety. The findings from this study suggest that the IUD can address significant reproductive health problems in the region and should be made more widely available along the Thailand-Burma border.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Burma'

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