Relevant bibliographies by topics / Buried objects

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Buried objects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Buried objects"

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Liu, Guoqin, Vyacheslav Aranchuk, Likun Zhang, and Craig J. Hickey. "Laser-acoustic detection of objects buried underwater." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018138.

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An object buried underwater such as landmines can potentially be excited to vibrate by a sound source in air. The vibration then radiates a secondary wave in the water to excite the water surface vibration which can be detected by a laser sensor. This idea of laser-acoustic detection of buried objects is effective in detecting objects buried under ground where the object is mechanically excited and the ground surface vibration is scanned by the laser sensor. When applying this approach to detect objects buried underwater, the addition of the water layer has an impact on the flexibility of the detection. Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments are conducted to assess this flexibility. Vibrations of the object and the water surface are experimentally measured and numerically simulated for water layers of different depths. The results reveal the impact of the water layer and the effectiveness of the detection. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research under Award No. N00014-21-1-2247.]
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Lim, Raymond, and Roger H. Hackman. "Acoustic interactions with buried objects." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, S1 (November 1989): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2027536.

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Guo, Yanping, Harvey W. Ko, and David M. White. "3-D localization of buried objects by nearfield electromagnetic holography." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 3 (May 1998): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444398.

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We present a practical method of localizing underground objects with low‐frequency electromagnetic fields. The method uses spatial information from the field measured on the ground, and a nearfield “holographic” theory to reconstruct the field image of buried objects. Both numerical simulations and field tests demonstrate that buried metallic objects can be resolved and individually localized in 3-D space even if the measurement field shows only a single peak as might be indicative of a single object.
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Syambas, Nana Rachmana. "An Approach for Predicting the Shape and Size of a Buried Basic Object on Surface Ground Penetrating Radar System." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/919741.

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Surface ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the radar technology that is widely used in many applications. It is nondestructive remote sensing method to detect underground buried objects. However, the output target is only hyperbolic representation. This research develops a system to identify a buried object on surface GPR based on decision tree method. GPR data of many basic objects (with circular, triangular, and rectangular cross-section) are classified and extracted to generate data training model as a unique template for each type of basic object. The pattern of object under test will be known by comparing its data with the training data using a decision tree method. A simple powerful algorithm to extract feature parameters of object which is based on linear extrapolation is proposed. The result showed that tested buried basic objects can be correctly predicted and the developed system works properly.
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Cong, Weihua, and Lisheng Zhou. "Three dimensional acoustic imaging technology of buried object detection." MATEC Web of Conferences 283 (2019): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928304010.

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With the development of 21th century seabed imaging sonar technology, more and more attention is paid to buried object detection technology in the world. In this paper, a low frequency and high resolution three-dimensional acoustic imaging of buried object detection method and its application example are given. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging, the 3D imaging technology not only solves the problem of the aliasing of the seabed formation echo and the sea floor echo, being able to provide the target buried depth, but also the 3D imaging is more helpful to the image recognition. The 3D acoustic imaging method proposed by this paper has already become the development trend of buried object detection technology. We have noticed that, different from the three-dimensional visualization of the target in the water, the three-dimensional visualization of buried objects has a serious formation image occlusion problem. In addition, the three-dimensional imaging needs to be obtained centimeter-level resolution on three dimensions for better image recognition of small buried objects, in which azimuth resolution is the bottleneck.
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Barrows, Larry, and Judith E. Rocchio. "Magnetic Surveying for Buried Metallic Objects." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 10, no. 3 (August 1990): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1990.tb00016.x.

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Morrow, I. L., and P. van Genderen. "Effective imaging of buried dielectric objects." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 40, no. 4 (April 2002): 943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2002.1006383.

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McCann, Bill, and Paul Mackie. "Physics helps to find buried objects." Physics World 10, no. 9 (September 1997): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/10/9/17.

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Baussard, Alexandre, Eric L. Miller, and Dominique Lesselier. "Adaptive multiscale reconstruction of buried objects." Inverse Problems 20, no. 6 (November 9, 2004): S1—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0266-5611/20/6/s01.

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Sessarego, Jean P., and Jean Sageloli. "Detection of buried objects: Tank experiments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104, no. 3 (September 1998): 1782–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.424147.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Buried objects"

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Soliman, Mohamed Samir Abdel Latif. "Microwave techniques for the detection of buried objects." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493532.

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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an active and non-invasive exploration technique based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the subsurface. Developing new and simple algorithms to improve the GPR performance is important because it helps to interpret the data received by the GPR. This leads to the basis (solution to the forward problem) for most iterative inversion techniques. Conversely, imaging is a type of inversion technique (backward propagation) that creates an image related to the subsurface reflectivity. However, for practical applications, imaging techniques must be fast, accurate and efficient.
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Norville, Pelham D. "Time-Reversal Techniques in Seismic Detection of Buried Objects." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14475.

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An investigation is presented of the behavior of time-reversal focusing in soils. Initial numerical models demonstrate time-reversal focusing to be effective in elastic media, including when a large number of scattering objects were present in the medium. When scattering objects are present, time-reversal focusing demonstrates superior focusing ability when compared to other excitation methods such as uniform excitation or time-delay focusing. Multiple experimental investigations of experimental time-reversal focusing performed in sand evaluate time-reversal focusing effectiveness when multiple near-surface scattering objects are present in the medium. Experimental results demonstrate that time-reversal focusing is effective in the experimental context as well as the numerical models. Further experiments examine time-reversal focusing in more extreme cases where the entire ballistic wave is blocked, and the only energy reaching the focus point is reflected from scattering objects in the medium. A comparison to other focusing methods demonstrates that under these conditions, most focusing attempts with traditional methods will fail completely while time-reversal focusing does not. Additional configurations of time-reversal focusing examine its effectiveness when scattering is caused by an asymmetrical surface layers. The impact of an asymmetrical or non-uniform excitation array is also examined for time-reversal focusing in the presence of scattering objects. An investigation of the effects of scattering object geometry on focusing resolution in time-reversal focusing is also presented. Scattering object field density is found to have a strong, but diminishing effect on focusing resolution as the scattering object field density increased. Loss of surface wave energy available for focusing due to mode-conversion is found to be correlated with the density of the scattering object field. The impact of the weak non-linear nature of the soil on time-reversal focusing is examined through a study of time-reversal focusing behavior for a variety of amplitudes that generate different levels of non-linearity in the soil. This study of nonlinearity is coupled with a study of the impact of noise on time-reversal focusing. It appears that both non-linearity and noise have an impact on time-reversal focusing effectiveness. Further, the loss from these mechanisms seems to be interrelated. Noise seems to enhance non-linear loss in the soil.
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Edwards, Joseph Richard 1971. "Acoustic classification of buried objects with mobile sonar platforms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37568.

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Thesis (Ph. D. in Ocean Engineering)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-237).
In this thesis, the use of highly mobile sonar platforms is investigated for the purpose of acoustically classifying compact objects on or below the seabed. The extension of existing strategies, including synthetic aperture sonar and conventional imaging, are explored within the context of the buried object problem. In particular, the need to employ low frequencies for seabed penetration is shown to have a significant impact both due to the relative length of the characteristic scattering mechanisms and due to the interface effects on the target scattering. New sonar strategies are also shown that exploit incoherent wide apertures that are created by multiple sonar platforms. For example, target shape can be inverted by mapping the scattered field from the target with a team of receiver vehicles. A single sonar-adaptive sonar platform is shown to have the ability to perform hunting and classification tasks more efficiently than its pre-programmed counterpart. While the monostatic sonar platform is often dominated by the source component, the bistatic or passive receiver platform behavior is controlled by the target response. The sonar-adaptive platform trajectory, however, can result in the platform finishing its classification effort out of position to complete further tasks.
(cont.) Within the context of a larger mission, the use of predetermined adaptive behaviors is shown to provide improved detection and classification performance while minimizing the risk to the overall mission. Finally, it is shown that multiple sonar-adaptive platforms can be used to create new sonar strategies for hunting and classifying objects by shape and content. The ability to sample the scattered field from the target across a wide variety of positions allows an analysis of the aspect-dependent behavior of the target. The aspect-dependence of the specular returns indicate the shape of the target, while the secondary returns from an elastic target are also strongly aspect-dependent. These features are exploited for improved classification performance in the buried object hunting mission.
by Joseph R. Edwards.
Ph.D.in Ocean Engineering
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Salucci, Marco. "Innovative inversion approaches for buried objects detection and imaging." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368200.

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The study, development, and analysis of innovative inversion techniques for the detection and imaging of buried objects is addressed in this thesis. The proposed methodologies are based on the use of microwave radiations and radar techniques for subsurface prospecting, such as, for example, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). More precisely, the reconstruction of shallow buried objects is firstly addressed by an electromagnetic inverse scattering method based on the integration of the inexact Newton (IN) method with an iterative multiscaling approach. The performances of such an inversion approach are analyzed both when considering the use of a second-order Born approximation (SOBA) and when exploiting the full set of non-linear equations governing the scattering phenomena for the buried scenario. The presented methodologies are particularly suitable for applications such as demining (e.g., for the detection of unexploded ordnances, UXOs, and improvised explosive devices, IEDs), for civil engineering applications (e.g., for the investigation of possible structural damages, voids, cracks or water infiltrations in walls, pillars, bridges) as well as for biomedical imaging (e.g., for early cancer detection).
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Salucci, Marco. "Innovative inversion approaches for buried objects detection and imaging." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2014. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1347/1/Ph.D.Thesis.SALUCCI-November.2014.FINAL.pdf.

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The study, development, and analysis of innovative inversion techniques for the detection and imaging of buried objects is addressed in this thesis. The proposed methodologies are based on the use of microwave radiations and radar techniques for subsurface prospecting, such as, for example, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). More precisely, the reconstruction of shallow buried objects is firstly addressed by an electromagnetic inverse scattering method based on the integration of the inexact Newton (IN) method with an iterative multiscaling approach. The performances of such an inversion approach are analyzed both when considering the use of a second-order Born approximation (SOBA) and when exploiting the full set of non-linear equations governing the scattering phenomena for the buried scenario. The presented methodologies are particularly suitable for applications such as demining (e.g., for the detection of unexploded ordnances, UXOs, and improvised explosive devices, IEDs), for civil engineering applications (e.g., for the investigation of possible structural damages, voids, cracks or water infiltrations in walls, pillars, bridges) as well as for biomedical imaging (e.g., for early cancer detection).
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Papandreou, Benjamin David. "On the detection of shallow buried objects using seismic wave reflections." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/334160/.

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This thesis is concerned with a methodology for the detection of shallow (of order 1 metre) objects buried in soil using seismic waves. Possible objects of interest include infrastructure, archaeological artefacts and ordinance. A mathematical analysis of an idealised system is performed to gain understanding of both seismic wave propagation and the generation of these waves by surface sources. The mathematical techniques used in the existing analysis of a point vertical source are applied to the desired problem of a point horizontal surface traction. Results are displayed in a graphically concise form. An experimental methodology, capable of forming two-dimensional images through the ground, is described. The use of shear waves is shown preferable. The advantages and implementation of using time extended, rather than impulsive, excitation signals are described. Additional signal processing techniques, such as generalised cross-correlation functions, are also detailed. Simple numerical simulations are undertaken with the aim of both validating the post-processing algorithms and evaluating its robustness against non-ideal conditions. Simulated time histories are created by defining signals in the frequency domain and then modifying their amplitude and phase to replicate attenuation and propagation. Non-ideal conditions focus mainly on variation in the wavespeed as a function of depth. Simulations indicate that the imaging method fails for sufficiently large variations of wavespeed, particularly for objects buried below significant discontinuities in material properties. As shear waves are used for the imaging method, a source was designed and constructed to preferentially generate shear waves and was verified using field experimentation. The imaging methodology is applied to data from three experimental sites and is able to detect the target objects with some success. Problems, however, remain with the measurement of a wavespeed that is consistent and indicative of the propagation speed at depth, and in consistently obtaining a sufficiently large reflected wave from the object.
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Hall, Patrick W. "Detection and target-strength measurements of buried objects using a seismo-acoustic sonar." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA359103.

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Thesis (M.S. in applied Physics) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998.
"December 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Thomas G. Muir, Steven R. Baker. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available online.
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Bang, Gwan-Sik. "Localization of buried objects in water-saturated sand by variable incidence acoustic pulse reflections." Thesis, Washington, D.C. : Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection ; [Cambridge, Mass.] : Distributed by Harvard University Press, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21407.

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Cross, James. "Low-frequency electromagnetic fields for the detection of buried objects in the shallow sub-surface." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4996/.

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This thesis explores the application of low-frequency electromagnetic fields, which may be excited within a buried pipe, for the detection of underground utilities. Low-cost network analyser technology, which can be applied to field-measurements of the relative-permittivity of soil, is evaluated. These technologies are compared to laboratory-grade alternatives whose cost prohibits their use for field work. Methodologies for the measurement of the relative-permittivity of soil are discussed with reference to the low-cost technology, including use of a novel coaxial cavity which incorporates a step-discontinuity. It is shown that there is potential for use of low-cost network analysers in measuring relative-permittivity, but that further research is required to formulate a complete methodology. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in layered media is discussed. The recent literature relating to this field is extensively reviewed, with several errors and omissions highlighted. A new calculation is presented which allows the calculation of the electromagnetic field due to a vertical electric dipole in a four-layered medium. Example results, including an approximation of a leaking pipe, are presented. Finally, two sets of field trials are reviewed. The first field trials looked to observe waves propagating with low-velocity in the ground, by measuring the phase change along an array of receiving probes. Waves, propagating with low-velocity, were observed. However, direction of arrival measurements were not achievable due to a combination of signal-to-noise ratio, and the expected phase change at the observed propagation-velocity, across an array of realistic size. The second field trials measured low-frequency electromagnetic fields, excited within a buried pipe, which were used to detect the location of the pipe with good correspondence to the ground truth. Furthermore, comparison with a ground-penetrating radar survey indicated that some anomalous results in the low-frequency electromagnetic survey corresponded to shallow targets detected using ground-penetrating radar.
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Williams, Elizabeth S. "Upheaval buckling of offshore pipelines buried in loose and liquefiable soils." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:10c2cf4d-ab26-4f2c-82d9-35e15cfa03bc.

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Pipelines used for the transportation of oil and gas products offshore are often buried beneath the seabed for protection from mechanical damage and for thermal insulation. During high temperature and high pressure operations, these pipelines are susceptible to resurfacing behaviour known as upheaval buckling, a structural response that is strongly influenced by the resistance of the surrounding soil. Despite much previous research on pipe uplift, the influence of the initial soil state – particularly in loose and liquefiable soil conditions – on the uplift resistance and corresponding buckling behaviour of the pipe is not well understood. This thesis presents research that examines the implications of these backfill conditions in the context of the global behaviour of the pipeline. The work consists of plane-strain monotonic uplift experiments focusing on density, rate, and stress level effects on the initial pipe-soil response. This is followed by numerical modelling of the global buckling behaviour using the experimental data as inputs. Finally, plane-strain cyclic experiments examine the possibility of progressive upward displacements over a number of cycles causing eventual upheaval buckling. A key finding from the uplift tests is that very loose backfill conditions may result in a localised flow-around failure mechanism, associated with lower peak resistance and a softer force-displacement response than with the sliding block mechanism that is typically assumed. This leads to lower peak buckling loads/temperatures than those predicted by current design guidelines. High quality data from both the monotonic and cyclic experiments was used to assess and suggest improvements to design guidance for these conditions.
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Books on the topic "Buried objects"

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Hall, Patrick W. Detection and target-strength measurements of buried objects using a seismo-acoustic sonar. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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G, Geyers Richard, Klemperer Wilfred K, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Suggested methods and standards for testing and verification of electromagnetic buried object detectors. [Boulder, Colo.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990.

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Minetti, Alessandra. L' orientalizzante a Chiusi e nel suo territorio. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, 2004.

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Musée du Louvre. La descente de croix. Paris: Somogy, 2013.

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Nadal, Laura Filloy. Misterios de un rostro maya: La máscara funeraria de K'inich Janaab' Pakal de Palenque. México, D.F: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2010.

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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular. Protection of Native American graves and the repatriation of human remains and sacred objects: Hearing before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 1381 ... H.R. 1646 ... H.R. 5237 ... hearing held in Washington, DC, July 17, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Malmberg, Roy Dale. A study of the feasibility of using a buried sonar transducer to echo-locate objects buried in sediment. 1987.

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Goldhill, Simon. Buried Life of Things: How Objects Made History in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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Goldhill, Simon. Buried Life of Things: How Objects Made History in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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Goldhill, Simon. Buried Life of Things: How Objects Made History in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Buried objects"

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Maxwell, Ágústa Edwald. "Buried Archives." In Objects in the Archives, 132–43. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003350293-13.

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Karasalo, I., and J. Hovem. "Transient Bistatic Scattering from Buried Objects." In Experimental Acoustic Inversion Methods for Exploration of the Shallow Water Environment, 161–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4112-3_10.

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Han, Hsiu C., and Chao-Sheng Wang. "Coherent Microwave Imaging for Buried Objects." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 607–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1987-4_74.

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Scheff, K., and P. Hansen. "Radar Detection and Imaging of Buried Objects." In Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 6, 583–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9146-1_54.

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Karasalo, Ilkka, and Patrik Skogqvist. "Acoustic scattering from submerged and buried objects." In Acoustic Sensing Techniques for the Shallow Water Environment, 137–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4386-4_11.

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Ponti, Cristina. "Methods for the Electromagnetic Forward Scattering by Buried Objects." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 197–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_8.

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Ghozzi, Rim, Samer Lahouar, and Chokri Souani. "Optimized GPR Signals for Improved Buried Cylindrical Objects Detection." In Selected Studies in Geotechnics, Geo-informatics and Remote Sensing, 15–17. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43759-5_4.

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Ishikawa, Keiji, Keito Sakaida, Dyah Sri Utami, and Shinsuke Karasawa. "Investigation of Buried Objects in the Ground by Borehole Radar Surveys." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2331–41. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9722-0_158.

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Janczulewicz, Agnieszka, J. Wtorek, and A. Bujnowski. "An CMT reconstruction algorithm for detection of objects buried in a half-space." In IFMBE Proceedings, 1074–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_256.

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Felsen, Leopold B. "Analytic Methods for Pulsed Signal Interaction with Layered, Lossy Soil Environments and Buried Objects." In Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 3, 485–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6896-1_56.

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Conference papers on the topic "Buried objects"

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Aranchuk, V., B. Zhang, I. Aranchuk, and J. D. Heffington. "Detection of Buried Objects using 2D-Array Laser Multi-Beam Differential Interferometric Vibration Sensor and Airborne and Mechanically-Coupled Vibration." In Advanced Solid State Lasers, JD1.6. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/assl.2024.jd1.6.

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Experiments on detection of buried objects by using the recently developed 2D-array laser multi-beam differential interferometric sensor have been accomplished. Detection of buried objects has been demonstrated for excitation with air-borne sound and seismic sources.
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Brancaccio, A., and G. Leone. "Localization of buried objects." In 2010 13th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgpr.2010.5550166.

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Tjuatja, S., A. K. Fung, and J. W. Bredow. "Radar imaging of buried objects." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.702959.

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Castro, Eduardo H., Horacio A. Abbate, Eduardo F. Mallaina, Juan M. Santos, Marta Mejail, Patricia Borensztejn, and Julio Jacobo-Berlles. "Thermographic detection of buried objects." In Defense and Security, edited by G. Raymond Peacock, Douglas D. Burleigh, and Jonathan J. Miles. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.603878.

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Brickman, Dennis B., and Ralph L. Barnett. "Trencher: Impingement on Buried Objects." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/rsafp-8867.

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Abstract There is a resemblance between the digging chain of a trencher and the folklore chain saw. The safety of trenchers requires that the similarities and differences between these two machines be understood so that appropriate warning signs can be formulated. There is a notion that the trencher can be suddenly thrust rearward in the direction of the digging chain in the manner associated with the chain saw. There is also a notion that the kickback characteristic of the chain saw is also characteristic of a trencher digging chain. This paper shows that these rearward thrust and kickback notions for the trencher are false. On the other hand, contact with moving teeth is hazardous on either machine.
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Lee, Check F. "Electromagnetic modeling of buried objects." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, edited by Ivan Cindrich, Nancy DelGrande, Sankaran Gowrinathan, Peter B. Johnson, and James F. Shanley. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.179936.

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ANAGNOSTOPOULOS, C. A., A. CHARALAMBOPOULOS, and D. I. FOTIADIS. "ELECTROMAGNETIC DETECTION OF BURIED SPHEROIDAL OBJECTS." In Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Scattering Theory and Biomedical Technology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777140_0003.

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Susek, Waldemar, Michal Kniola, and Bronislaw Stec. "Buried objects detection using noise radar." In 2018 22nd International Microwave and Radar Conference (MIKON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mikon.2018.8405256.

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Dogru, Sedat, and Lino Marques. "Estimating Depth of Buried Metallic Objects." In 2018 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2018.8589731.

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Fiaz, M. A., L. Pajewski, C. Ponti, G. Schettini, and F. Frezza. "On the Scattering by Buried Objects." In 2011 14th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nbis.2011.79.

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Reports on the topic "Buried objects"

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Bragdon, Sophia, Vuong Truong, and Jay Clausen. Environmentally informed buried object recognition. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45902.

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The ability to detect and classify buried objects using thermal infrared imaging is affected by the environmental conditions at the time of imaging, which leads to an inconsistent probability of detection. For example, periods of dense overcast or recent precipitation events result in the suppression of the soil temperature difference between the buried object and soil, thus preventing detection. This work introduces an environmentally informed framework to reduce the false alarm rate in the classification of regions of interest (ROIs) in thermal IR images containing buried objects. Using a dataset that consists of thermal images containing buried objects paired with the corresponding environmental and meteorological conditions, we employ a machine learning approach to determine which environmental conditions are the most impactful on the visibility of the buried objects. We find the key environmental conditions include incoming shortwave solar radiation, soil volumetric water content, and average air temperature. For each image, ROIs are computed using a computer vision approach and these ROIs are coupled with the most important environmental conditions to form the input for the classification algorithm. The environmentally informed classification algorithm produces a decision on whether the ROI contains a buried object by simultaneously learning on the ROIs with a classification neural network and on the environmental data using a tabular neural network. On a given set of ROIs, we have shown that the environmentally informed classification approach improves the detection of buried objects within the ROIs.
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Brock, B. C., and K. W. Sorensen. Electromagnetic scattering from buried objects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10190500.

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Bishop, Megan, Vuong Truong, Sophia Bragdon, and Jay Clausen. Comparing the thermal infrared signatures of shallow buried objects and disturbed soil. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49415.

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The alteration of physical and thermal properties of native soil during object burial produces a signature that can be detected using thermal infrared (IR) imagery. This study explores the thermal signature of disturbed soil compared to buried objects of different compositions (e.g., metal and plastic) buried 5 cm below ground surface (bgs) to better understand the mechanisms by which soil disturbance can impact the performance of aided target detection and recognition (AiTD/R). IR imagery recorded every five minutes were coupled with meteorological data recorded on 15-minute intervals from 1 July to 31 October 2022 to compare the diurnal and long-term fluctuations in raw radiance within a 25 × 25 pixel area of interest (AOI) above each target. This study examined the diurnal pattern of the thermal signature under several varying environmental conditions. Results showed that surface effects from soil disturbance increased the raw radiance of the AOI, strengthening the contrast between the object and background soil for several weeks after object burial. Enhancement of the thermal signature may lead to expanded windows of object visibility. Target age was identified as an important element in the development of training data sets for machine learning (ML) classification algorithms.
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Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, and Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.

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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.
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Schock, Steven G., and Lester R. LeBlanc. Sonar Detection and Classification of Buried or Partially Buried Objects in Cluttered Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628279.

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Morrison, Frank, Torquil Smith, Alex Becker, and Erika Gasperikova. Detection and Classification of Buried Metallic Objects UX-1225. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840326.

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Schock, Steven G. Sonar Detection and Classification of Buried or Partially Buried Objects in Cluttered Environments Using UUVs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627089.

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Clausen, Jay, Vuong Truong, Sophia Bragdon, Susan Frankenstein, Anna Wagner, Rosa Affleck, and Christopher Williams. Buried-object-detection improvements incorporating environmental phenomenology into signature physics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45625.

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The ability to detect buried objects is critical for the Army. Therefore, this report summarizes the fourth year of an ongoing study to assess environ-mental phenomenological conditions affecting probability of detection and false alarm rates for buried-object detection using thermal infrared sensors. This study used several different approaches to identify the predominant environmental variables affecting object detection: (1) multilevel statistical modeling, (2) direct image analysis, (3) physics-based thermal modeling, and (4) application of machine learning (ML) techniques. In addition, this study developed an approach using a Canny edge methodology to identify regions of interest potentially harboring a target object. Finally, an ML method was developed to improve automatic target detection and recognition performance by accounting for environmental phenomenological conditions, improving performance by 50% over standard automatic target detection and recognition software.
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Clausen, Jay, Jason Dorvee, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, Blaine Morriss, Keran Claffey, Terrance Sobecki, et al. Spatial and temporal variance in the thermal response of buried objects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/37799.

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Rajan, Subramnaiam D. Acoustic Scattering for Buried Objects at High Frequencies - A Ray Theoretic Approach. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330858.

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