Relevant bibliographies by topics / Burden of COVID

Academic literature on the topic 'Burden of COVID'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Burden of COVID"

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Smith Jervelund, Signe, and Terje Andreas Eikemo. "The double burden of COVID-19." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 49, no. 1 (February 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494820984702.

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Hessami, Amirhossein, and Nima Rezaei. "Cardiovascular diseases burden in COVID-19." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 50 (December 2021): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.09.066.

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Darvishpour, Azar, and Shiva Mahdavi Fashtami. "Investigation of Caring Behavior and Caring Burden and Their Associated Factors among Nurses Who Cared for Patients with COVID-19 in East Guilan, the North of Iran." Nursing Research and Practice 2023 (February 27, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8567870.

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Background. Nurses experience caring burdens, which can affect their caring behaviors. Caring for highly infectious patients, in particular COVID-19, is a new phenomenon and little is known about it. Considering that caring behaviors can be influenced by various factors and cultural differences of the society, it is necessary to conduct studies about caring behaviors and caring burdens. Thus, this study aimed to determine caring behavior and caring burden and their relationship with some associated factors among nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional, descriptive design study was conducted by census sampling on 134 nurses working in public health centers in East Guilan, the north of Iran, in 2021. The research instruments included the Caring Behavior Inventory (CBI-24) and the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 20 with a significant level of 0.05. Results. The mean score of caring behavior and caring burden in nurses was 126.50 (SD = 13.63) and 43.65 (SD = 25.16), respectively. There was a significant relationship between caring behavior and some demographic characteristics (education, place of living, and history of COVID-19) and between caring burden and some demographic characteristics (housing status, job satisfaction, intention to change job, and history of COVID-19) ( p < 0.05). Conclusions. Findings showed that despite the new emergence of COVID-19, the caring burden on nurses was moderate and they had good caring behavior. Despite these results, it is necessary for the relevant managers to pay special attention to protecting health workers during a national crisis such as COVID-19 so that they experience less caring burden and improve caring behavior.
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Moscavitch, Samuel D., Jefferson L. Vieira, and Peter Libby. "Cardiovascular Burden of COVID-19 and the Post-Covid Era." ABC: Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36660/abchf.20210001.

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Ilmy, Shofi Khaqul, Noorhamdani Noorhamdani, and Heni Dwi Windarwati. "Family Burden of Schizophrenia in Pasung During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review." INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 5, no. 2 (August 20, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v5i2.315.

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Introduction: The long-term care in schizophrenia patients can cause care burdens, which will relate to the family's decision to do pasung. The perceived burden will be even heavier because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to identify the family care burden affecting pasung in schizophrenic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This scoping review was conducted by searching four databases, namely ProQuest, Science Direct, and EBSCO, and Google Scholar in the past ten years. This study uses the PRISMA 2009 protocol in filtering articles from the database. Researchers summarize based on the significance value for quantitative research, based on themes’ qualitative research, and discussed factors mentioned which may influence the family. Thus, we obtained 15 articles for final review. Results: The results obtained that the subjective burden felt by the family is a feeling of worry and sadness due to the patient's aggressive behavior and the safety of the patient, family, and environment. The objective burdens most felt by families are financial burdens, both medical costs, transportation to reach mental health services, and the cost of daily living. The COVID-19 pandemic will affect both types of care burdens, thereby affecting the quality of care for families with schizophrenia patients in pasung. Conclusion: Schizophrenia patients are one of the populations that are vulnerable to COVID-19. Nurse plays a role in the ability to overcome the burden of schizophrenia care and improve adaptation to the current pandemic to create optimal mental health in the community.
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Sadanandan, Sanitha, and K. Gangadharan. "Non-Communicable Diseases and Covid-19 Pandemic: A Spatial Analysis of Multiple Healthcare Burden in India." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.1.35.

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Background: The entire world experiences triple as well as multiple burdens of diseases with the co-existence of prevailing burden of communicable diseases and evolving heavy burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) along with the outburst of COVID-19 crisis. Materials and Methods: The study has been extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Publicly available data related to COVID-19 and NCD burden from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, COVID-19 Tracker, and Kerala Government’s Directorate of Health Services. Results: The burden of COVID-19 is larger in states with a higher prevalence of non-communicable diseases and in states that are further along in the epidemiological transition. Around 95 percent of the deceased had one or more comorbidities, and the majority of them had several comorbidities. NCDs such as Hypertension and diabetes, as well as coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and cancer, are appeared as a common predictor of COVID-19 mortality. Conclusion: The COVID-19 action, as well as a sustained and enhanced emphasis on NCD diagnosis, intervention, and interrelated facets of healthcare system, are essential. Future policy interventions should be focus on whole sectors such as health, education, employment, poverty, and local governance to address the underlying social, economic, and environmental grounds of ill health including pandemic to mitigate the repercussions and to achieve the sustainable development goals.
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Fukuda, Yasue, and Koji Fukuda. "Educators’ Psychosocial Burdens Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Predictive Factors: A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Relationship with Sense of Coherence and Social Capital." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042134.

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This study aims to identify the social and psychological burdens placed on educators during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and to propose an optimal form of support. We investigated educators’ perceptions of psychological and socioeconomic anxieties and burdens, sense of coherence, and social capital using a questionnaire survey of 1000 educators in January 2021. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to analyze the associations between the variables. Results: Approximately 80% of the respondents considered COVID-19 a formidable, life-threatening illness. Our results revealed that the higher the social capital, the greater the fear of COVID-19, and the higher the sense of coherence, the lower this fear. Conclusions: The anxiety burden of implementing infection prevention was higher than the anxiety burden associated with distance learning. The predictive factors for educators’ perceptions of burden included sense of coherence, gender, and age. Our findings suggest the importance of having the government and educational institutions provide multidimensional assistance that matches educators’ individual characteristics.
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Iqbal, Fahad M., Kyle Lam, Viknesh Sounderajah, Sarah Elkin, Hutan Ashrafian, and Ara Darzi. "Understanding the survivorship burden of long COVID." EClinicalMedicine 33 (March 2021): 100767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100767.

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Kolbin, A. S., Yu M. Gomon, Yu E. Balykina, D. Yu Belousov, V. V. Strizheletskiy, and I. G. Ivanov. "Socioeconomic and global burden of COVID-19." Kachestvennaya Klinicheskaya Praktika = Good Clinical Practice 20, no. 1 (April 24, 2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2588-0519-2021-1-24-34.

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Relevance. Assessment of the burden of disease provides information on the economic consequences of the disease, allows you to assess the social significance, identify areas that require additional clinical and economic research, changes in methodological approaches to the organization of measures for the prevention, early detection and treatment of diseases.The aim. Assessment of the socioeconomic and global burden of COVID-19 in the Russian Federation (RF).Materials and methods. Identification and assessment of direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs associated with the development of the coronavirus epidemic. When calculating the socioeconomic burden, the variant of calculations was chosen taking into account the prevalence of the disease. The sources of data on the epidemiology of the disease were data from the Ministry of Health and data from the Government of the RF.Results. The socioeconomic burden of COVID-19 in 2020 in the RF amounted to about 5.4 trillion rubles (5 % of nominal GDP in 2020) and was largely due to indirect costs due to GDP losses due to a 1.5-month period of self-isolation. The estimated global burden of disease is more than 4 million YLLs globally, of which in the RF 2,486.30 among men and 1,378.22 YLL among women.Conclusion. The epidemic of the new coronavirus infection has led to colossal economic losses in Russian society. The data presented underscore not only the clinical, but also the economic importance of investing in the development of strategies for the treatment and prevention of new coronavirus infection.
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Akande, OluwatosinWuraola, and TanimolaMakanjuola Akande. "COVID-19 pandemic: A global health burden." Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal 27, no. 3 (2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/npmj.npmj_157_20.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Burden of COVID"

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Alvarado, Chance Robert. "The Effects of University Testing Regimes on the Burden of COVID-19." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618488279713442.

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O’Malley, Geoffrey. "The Unequal Health and Economic Burden of Pandemics on the Poor:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109154.

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Thesis advisor: Joseph Quinn
The ease of spread of COVID-19 has posed a great challenge for governments, public health officials, and healthcare workers around the world. Leaders and officials need to make decisions that protect the health and well-being of their citizens, while balancing their rights as citizens and the stability of their economies. This study conducts a review of literature on COVID-19, the Spanish Flu, and the Swine Flu in an effort to understand the economic and health impacts of pandemics. Results show a clear trend suggesting the poor bear a greater burden of the impact of pandemics in regards to economic and health impacts. Further analysis suggests that these inequities are not limited to the United States healthcare system and remain apparent in national single-payer healthcare systems, like in the United Kingdom. To prevent similar disparities in future pandemics, governments should attempt to decrease inequality present in baseline health and economic measures
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Department Honors and Scholar of the College
Discipline: Economics
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Herzet, Cyril. "Hosting Tour De France Under Covid-19: Bargain Or Burden For New Stage Cities?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185193.

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The Tour De France (TDF) is the third largest sporting event in the world and the biggest cycling race in terms of popularity and prestige. The event generates global media exposure and attracts millions of short- and long-term visitors each year, thus, TDF is extremely appealing for communities in search of profits. Using Linear Directional Mean (LDM) and semi-structured interviews (community and organization sides), this paper analyzes how TDF has spatially evolved through time by comparing the 2021 racetrack to other time intervals. Additionally, reasons of the potential shift in terms of spatial distribution are investigated considering current issues due to the COVID-19 pandemic that has severely affected the tourism sector and therefore, the benefits that communities were expecting to perceive by hosting TDF. Findings showed that the 2021 route deviated from previous editions time of the TDF history including 10 new stage cities that never hosted the event before. The respondent from the organization indicated the pandemic only indirectly affected the TDF route and that the location of the Grand Départ as well as the main internal constraints imposed to the organizers are key elements in the spatial distribution of the event. Interviewed communities acknowledged that there was risk while hosting TDF this year due to potential restrictive measures. However, they recognized that benefits brought by the race largely overweight potential negative impacts from the epidemic. Indeed, TDF remains a way to bring economic benefits, social cohesion, happiness, pride and satisfaction to hosting cities at a time when the tourism industry is at a standstill.
Le Tour de France (TDF) est le troisième événement sportif au monde et la plus grande course cycliste en termes de popularité et de prestige. L’événement génère une exposition médiatique mondiale et attire chaque année des millions de visiteurs à court et à long terme. Le TDF est donc extrêmement attrayant pour les communautés à la recherche de profits. À l’aide de la Direction Moyenne Linéaire (MLD) et d’interviews semi-structurées (côté communauté et organisation), ce mémoire analyse l’évolution spatiale du TDF au fil du temps en comparant le parcours de 2021 à d’autres intervalles temporelles de la course. En outre, les raisons du changement potentiel en termes de distribution spatiale sont étudiées en tenant compte des problèmes actuels dus à la pandémie de COVID-19 ayant gravement affecté le secteur du tourisme et, par conséquent, les avantages que les communautés espéraient percevoir en accueillant le TDF. Les résultats ont montré que l’itinéraire de 2021 s’écarte des éditions précédentes de l’histoire du TDF en incluant 10 nouvelles villes étapes qui n’ont jamais accueilli l’événement auparavant. Le répondant de l’organisation a indiqué que la pandémie n’a affecté qu’indirectement le parcours du TDF et que l’emplacement du Grand Départ ainsi que les principales contraintes internes imposées aux organisateurs sont des éléments clés dans la répartition spatiale de l’événement. Les communautés interrogées ont reconnu qu’il y avait un risque à accueillir le TDF cette année en raison des mesures restrictives potentielles. Cependant, elles ont admis que les bénéfices apportés par la course surpassaient largement les impacts négatifs potentiels dus à l’épidémie. En effet, le TDF reste un moyen d’apporter des effets économiques positifs, de la cohésion sociale, du bonheur, de la fierté et de la satisfaction aux villes hôtes à un moment où l’industrie du tourisme est au point mort.
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PEZZETTI, FEDERICA. "Monitoraggio della sindrome post-COVID: l’esperienza dell’ASST di Cremona." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/365538.

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Introduzione. Ad oggi restano ancora da scoprire le implicazioni a lungo termine per i pazienti che sopravvivono, dopo ospedalizzaizone, all'infezione da SARS-CoV-2, soprattutto per coloro che hanno contratto una forma severa di COVID-19. Obbiettivo. Misurare il carico di malattia residua ancora rilevabile a circa tre mesi e un anno dalla dimissione in pazienti sottoposti a procedure invasive di ventilazione durante la degenza indice. Materiali e metodi. È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale monocentrico includendo pazienti dimessi vivi dal ricovero ospedaliero con diagnosi principale di COVID-19 e sottoposti a procedure ventilatorie durante la degenza ospedaliera. I sintomi e un'ampia gamma di indagini strumentali ed esami TC sono stati valutati dopo circa tre mesi e un anno dalla dimissione indice da un team multidisciplinare utilizzando procedure standardizzate. Risultati. Tra marzo e giugno 2020 sono stati arruolati 203 pazienti che hanno accettato di sottoporsi a una visita ambulatoriale dopo tre mesi dalla dimissione. Circa il 60% dei pazienti aveva almeno un sintomo, il 6,5% aveva un basso livello di saturazione durante la lettura dell'ossimetria e l'85,0% aveva almeno un'anomalia dell'analisi del sangue. Più del 20% dei pazienti presentava almeno il 50% del parenchima polmonare affetto da anomalie. Durante la visita è stata richiesta una consulenza specialistica per il 21,2% dei soggetti. A livello globale, poco più del 20% dei pazienti presentava ancora una grave malattia residua da COVID-19. La durata della degenza ospedaliera superiore a 30 giorni era significativamente associata al rischio di avere una malattia residua grave. Conclusione. Un'ampia percentuale di pazienti presentava ancora segni clinici e strumentali di malattia residua circa due mesi dopo la dimissione e ad un anno, seppur in una percentuale più ridotta si protraevano anomalie. Fornire una valutazione coordinata e multidisciplinare a lungo termine, attraverso la costruzione di protocolli standardizzati dovrebbe essere presa in considerazione per tali pazienti, anche alla luce della programmazione sanitaria futura.
Background. Long-term implications for patients surviving SARS-CoV-2 infection, mostly for those who experienced critical COVID-19, remain to be uncovered. Objective. To measure the burden of residual disease still detectable approximately three months and one year after discharge in patients underwent to mechanical ventilation during the index hospital stay. Methods. A single-center observational study was performed by including patients discharged alive from hospital admission with main diagnosis of COVID-19, and who underwent mechanical ventilation during hospital stay. Symptoms and a wide range of instrumental signs and CT exams were assessed after approximately three months and one years from index discharge by a multidisciplinary team using standardized procedures. Results. Between March and June 2020, 203 patients were enrolled and agreed to undergo an outpatient visit after two months since discharge. About 60% patients had at least one symptom, 6.5% had low level of saturation during oximetry reading and 85.0% had at least a blood test abnormality. More than 20% patients had at least 50% of the lung parenchyma affected by abnormalities. During the visit, a specialist consultation was requested for 21.2% of the subjects. Globally, just above 20% of the patients still presented severe COVID-19 Residual Illness. Duration of hospital stay longer than 30 days was significantly associated with the risk of having severe residual illness. Conclusion. A large proportion of patients still had clinical and instrumental signs of residual illness approximately two months after discharge. Provision of a coordinated, multidisciplinary long-term assessment should be considered for such patients experiencing critical COVID-19 disease, also in the light of future health planning
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Rosa, Gonzalez Juan Miguel. "The influence of expatriation on self-concept and identity: Spanish self-initiated expatriate and repatriate nurses in Germany." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/414286.

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This research program explores the experiences of Spanish self-initiated expatriate (SIE) nurses in Germany and repatriated from Germany, aiming to understand how they perceive the influence of expatriation on their self-concept and identity. Expatriation usually implies a context of decreased sources of social validation, due to the disruption in expatriates’ environment. The process of adjusting to a novel sociocultural setting can pose challenges to the self-concept and to the identities that sustain it, while also providing opportunities for personal development. Despite the relevance of identity for psychological well-being, the implications of expatriation for expatriates’ self-concept and identities remain an under-researched topic in the field. The present research investigates this issue from a constructivist paradigm and through qualitative methodology. It is based in literature on expatriation and identity, and employs, as method of data collection, semi-structured interviews with Spanish SIE nurses in Germany (n=20); Spanish nurses repatriated from Germany (n=10); and key informants (KIs) from private and public organisations (n=7). The research program comprises three studies. Study One explores the perceptions of KIs who are knowledgeable of the context of Spanish SIE nurses in Germany. Study Two focuses on Spanish SIE nurses in Germany and repatriated from Germany, exploring their expatriation experiences in detail. Finally, Study Three focuses on a group of participants from Study Two, aiming to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affected their experiences. The research program addresses the research aim through five research questions: RQ1 – How do the motives for self-initiated expatriation and the pre-departure information of Spanish SIE nurses in Germany affect their expatriation experience? RQ2 – How do cross-cultural interactions affect self-conceptions of Spanish SIE nurses in Germany? RQ3 – How does the expatriation experience affect the perceived personal development of Spanish SIE nurses in Germany? RQ4 – What are the push/pull forces affecting the intentions of Spanish SIE nurses in Germany regarding continued expatriation/repatriation? RQ5 – How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect the expatriation experience of Spanish SIE nurses in Germany? The findings show that low proficiency in the host country language (HCL) and the challenging workplace interactions that ensued, threatened both the self-concept and the professional identity of the Spanish nurses. Employment in lower skilled or unskilled nursing jobs in Germany posed further challenges to their role identity. The language barrier and perceived cultural differences prompted their reliance on social networks of fellow Spaniards, mostly other nurses, from whom they obtained social validation. Over time, the participants’ higher proficiency in the HCL led to increased positive feedback in the workplace, which together with perceptions of personal growth and achievement, enabled them to rebuild positive self-conceptions and validate their professional identity. An important outcome of the expatriation experience was the nurses perceived themselves as stronger, self-confident, and resilient, after overcoming challenges in Germany. The nurses’ motivation for self-initiated expatriation, based on the strong push of unemployment in Spain, impacted negatively on their experiences in Germany, as they were not proactive in acquiring reliable pre-departure information (RQ1). This, in turn, translated into unrealistic expectations regarding living and working conditions in Germany, which contributed to the challenges posed by language barriers and unskilled nursing positions. The nurses’ low proficiency in the HCL translated into challenging workplace interactions, which threatened their positive self-conceptions, while perceived cultural differences between home and host countries reinforced cultural identity salience amongst the participants (RQ2). The research found that restored positive self-conceptions and a strong perception of personal growth and achievement enabled personal identity development (RQ3). Family in the home country was the main pull force for repatriation amongst the Spanish nurses, together with cultural differences, home country lifestyle and the possibility to work in their first language, while the main pull force for continued expatriation was professional and financial stability in the host country (RQ4). Finally, the nurses experienced a psychological burden due to an information overload about the impact of COVID-19 in Spain, concern regarding their families in the home country, and travel restrictions (RQ5). Nevertheless, the pandemic reinforced the participants’ intention to continue their expatriation, due to their perceptions of personal safety in the host country, and negative appraisal of job and economic prospects in Spain. This research program contributes to theory building on the influence of expatriation on self-concept and identity, by showing the effects of low proficiency in the HCL and unskilled positions on self-conceptions and role identity, the salience of cultural identity in the face of cultural differences, and personal development during expatriation. The results provide evidence of the connection between language and identity in the context of expatriation, underlining how language influences self-conceptions and social identification. Together with providing insights into identity outcomes of expatriation, the research extends current understanding of SIEs’ experiences, which are still less known than those of Assigned Expatriates (AEs). Specifically, it studies a group of SIEs in the type of professional roles that expatriation literature has tended to overlook, and shows how their experiences differ from those of high-status SIEs from highly developed countries. In terms of practical implications, the findings allow recommendations for SIEs and the organisations involved with them to be advanced. The results underline the need to ensure that SIEs acquire reliable pre-departure information and achieve sufficient HCL proficiency before entering the host country workplace. Furthermore, cross-cultural training for SIEs and HCNs could promote cultural awareness amongst multinational teams, thus buffering the effects of cultural differences in workplace interactions.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Bus Strategy & Innovation
Griffith Business School
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Almeida, Sofia Isabel Tavares de. "Psychological burden in Portuguese university student's during COVID-19 pandemic." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134444.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto psicológico da pandemia por COVID-19 nos estudantes da Universidade do Porto, a segunda maior universidade portuguesa, e descobrir possíveis fatores associados a indicadores de saúde mental. Neste trabalho, realizámos um estudo transversal através de um inquérito online que avaliou as perceções, atividades diárias e bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes da Universidade do Porto durante a pandemia. Os sintomas e risco de depressão foram medidos pelo Questionário de Saúde do Paciente-9 (PHQ-9) e os níveis de resiliência foram quantificados pela Escala de Avaliação de Resiliência de 9 itens. Avaliou-se ainda os níveis de ansiedade e o estado de saúde mental auto-percecionados pelos estudantes. Recolheram-se 1751 respostas, tendo-se incluído 1447 na análise. A maioria dos estudantes era do sexo feminino (72.3%) e estava inscrita em cursos de Mestrado (58.4%). O curso com maior número de respostas foi Engenharia (25.5%), seguido por Medicina (13.2%). A prevalência de níveis elevados de ansiedade, risco de depressão e baixa resiliência foi 66.7%, 37.3% e 24.9%, respetivamente. Os fatores associados a melhores indicadores de saúde mental foram ser do sexo masculino, dedicar mais tempo a estudar, ter um trabalho, praticar atividades extracurriculares, exercício físico ou atividades de relaxamento. Pelo contrário, passar mais tempo a ver notícias, ter dificuldades em aceder a atividades de ensino online e a ausência de contacto com a família ou amigos, são fatores associados a piores indicadores de saúde mental. Apesar de todos os cursos evidenciarem níveis consideráveis de sintomas depressivos, os estudantes de Arquitetura/Artes, Ciências e Letras pontuaram significativamente mais na escala de depressão. Os estudantes de Medicina evidenciaram níveis de resiliência significativamente mais elevados que os restantes. Este trabalho indica que a pandemia por COVID-19 teve um impacto considerável na saúde mental dos estudantes da Universidade do Porto. Deste modo, devem ser equacionadas e implementadas medidas que visem preservar a saúde mental dos estudantes.
This study aims to evaluate the psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in the students of the University of Porto, the second largest Portuguese university, and to uncover factors associated with mental health indicators. We used an online survey to perform a cross-sectional study that evaluated students' perceptions, daily activities, and psychological state during the pandemic. Depression symptoms and risk were measure by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and resilience levels were quantified by the 9-item Resilience Evaluation Scale. Self-perceived levels of anxiety and mental health status were evaluated. Among 1751 responses obtained, 1447 were included. Most students were female (72.3%) and were taking a Masters degree (58.4%). The course with more responses was Engineering (25.5%), followed by Medicine (13.2%). The prevalence rates for higher anxiety levels, depression risk and low resilience levels were 66.7%, 37.3% and 24.9%, respectively. The factors associated with better psychological outcomes were being male, spending more time studying, having a job, performing extracurricular activities, physical exercise and relaxing activities. In contrast, spending more time watching news, difficulty accessing on-line teaching and absence of contact with family or friends, were associated with worse psychological indicators. Although all areas of formation presented substantial levels of depressive symptoms, Architectures/Arts, Sciences and Humanities scored significantly more in the depression scale. Medicine students had significantly higher resilience levels compared to other areas of formation. The COVID-19 outbreak had a considerable impact in the psychological state of University of Porto's students. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce the psychological burden caused by the pandemic.
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Almeida, Sofia Isabel Tavares de. "Psychological burden in Portuguese university student's during COVID-19 pandemic." Dissertação, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134444.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto psicológico da pandemia por COVID-19 nos estudantes da Universidade do Porto, a segunda maior universidade portuguesa, e descobrir possíveis fatores associados a indicadores de saúde mental. Neste trabalho, realizámos um estudo transversal através de um inquérito online que avaliou as perceções, atividades diárias e bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes da Universidade do Porto durante a pandemia. Os sintomas e risco de depressão foram medidos pelo Questionário de Saúde do Paciente-9 (PHQ-9) e os níveis de resiliência foram quantificados pela Escala de Avaliação de Resiliência de 9 itens. Avaliou-se ainda os níveis de ansiedade e o estado de saúde mental auto-percecionados pelos estudantes. Recolheram-se 1751 respostas, tendo-se incluído 1447 na análise. A maioria dos estudantes era do sexo feminino (72.3%) e estava inscrita em cursos de Mestrado (58.4%). O curso com maior número de respostas foi Engenharia (25.5%), seguido por Medicina (13.2%). A prevalência de níveis elevados de ansiedade, risco de depressão e baixa resiliência foi 66.7%, 37.3% e 24.9%, respetivamente. Os fatores associados a melhores indicadores de saúde mental foram ser do sexo masculino, dedicar mais tempo a estudar, ter um trabalho, praticar atividades extracurriculares, exercício físico ou atividades de relaxamento. Pelo contrário, passar mais tempo a ver notícias, ter dificuldades em aceder a atividades de ensino online e a ausência de contacto com a família ou amigos, são fatores associados a piores indicadores de saúde mental. Apesar de todos os cursos evidenciarem níveis consideráveis de sintomas depressivos, os estudantes de Arquitetura/Artes, Ciências e Letras pontuaram significativamente mais na escala de depressão. Os estudantes de Medicina evidenciaram níveis de resiliência significativamente mais elevados que os restantes. Este trabalho indica que a pandemia por COVID-19 teve um impacto considerável na saúde mental dos estudantes da Universidade do Porto. Deste modo, devem ser equacionadas e implementadas medidas que visem preservar a saúde mental dos estudantes.
This study aims to evaluate the psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in the students of the University of Porto, the second largest Portuguese university, and to uncover factors associated with mental health indicators. We used an online survey to perform a cross-sectional study that evaluated students' perceptions, daily activities, and psychological state during the pandemic. Depression symptoms and risk were measure by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and resilience levels were quantified by the 9-item Resilience Evaluation Scale. Self-perceived levels of anxiety and mental health status were evaluated. Among 1751 responses obtained, 1447 were included. Most students were female (72.3%) and were taking a Masters degree (58.4%). The course with more responses was Engineering (25.5%), followed by Medicine (13.2%). The prevalence rates for higher anxiety levels, depression risk and low resilience levels were 66.7%, 37.3% and 24.9%, respectively. The factors associated with better psychological outcomes were being male, spending more time studying, having a job, performing extracurricular activities, physical exercise and relaxing activities. In contrast, spending more time watching news, difficulty accessing on-line teaching and absence of contact with family or friends, were associated with worse psychological indicators. Although all areas of formation presented substantial levels of depressive symptoms, Architectures/Arts, Sciences and Humanities scored significantly more in the depression scale. Medicine students had significantly higher resilience levels compared to other areas of formation. The COVID-19 outbreak had a considerable impact in the psychological state of University of Porto's students. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce the psychological burden caused by the pandemic.
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Books on the topic "Burden of COVID"

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Sembiring, Margareth. Migrant domestic workers: Their COVID-19 burden. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, 2020.

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Symonds, Lisa Jo. Global Burden: The Human Experience Hidden Behind Covid-19. Independently Published, 2020.

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Riva, Giuseppe, and Brenda K. Wiederhold. Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine 2020 : Virtual Reality Meets COVID-19: The Potential of Positive Technology Against the Burden of Coronavirus. Virtual Reality Medical Center, 2021.

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Ram, Om Sai, and Satya Brahmachari. 2022 START MONTHLY SECOND INCOME by 'TEA CUP INVESTING' to See JUMP in BANK SAVINGS: Post Covid, Reduce the Burden on Job/Salary by Alternate Income. Independently Published, 2022.

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Eichengreen, Barry, Asmaa El-Ganainy, Rui Esteves, and Kris James Mitchener. In Defense of Public Debt. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577899.001.0001.

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Abstract Public debts have exploded to levels unprecedented in recent history as governments responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. These rising levels of debt prompted apocalyptic warnings about the dangers of heavy debts—about the drag they will place on economic growth and the burden they impose on future generations. This book adds the other side of the equation: drawing on history, the authors provide a defense of public debt. Their account shows that the ability of governments to borrow has played a critical role in meeting emergencies, from wars and pandemics to economic and financial crises, as well as in funding essential public goods and services such as transportation, education, and healthcare. In these ways, the capacity to issue debt has been integral to state building. Transactions in public debt securities have also contributed to developing private financial markets and, through this channel, to economic growth. None of this is to deny that debt problems, debt crises, and debt defaults occur. But these dramatic events, which attract much attention, are not the entire story. In Defense of Public Debt redresses the balance. The book develops its arguments historically, recounting two millennia of public debt experience. It deploys a comprehensive database to identify the factors behind rising public debts and the circumstances under which high debts are successfully reduced. Finally, it brings the story up to date, describing the role of public debt in managing, from 2020 onward, the COVID-19 pandemic and suggesting a way forward once governments, now more heavily indebted than before, finally emerge from the crisis.
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Dye, Christopher. The Great Health Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853824.001.0001.

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The proverbial benefits of prevention over cure are self-evident—and yet we are reluctant to invest in staying healthy. Resolution of this age-old dilemma begins with a timeless truth: the benefits of good health come at a cost: prevention is not better than cure at any price. That logic leads to a testable—and refutable—proposition: that prevention should be favoured when an imminent, high-risk, high-impact hazard can be averted at relatively low cost. Application of this idea helps to explain why cigarette smoking is still commonplace, why the world was not ready for the COVID-19 pandemic, why the idea of a ‘sin tax’ is misconceived, why billions still do not have access to safe sanitation, why the response to climate change has been so slow, and why public health advice often falls on deaf ears. Much more money and effort are invested in health promotion and prevention today than is commonly thought, but the enormous avoidable burden of illness is reason to seek incentives for investing still more. The principles, together with a series of case studies in diverse settings, offer 12 lessons for prevention. These are methods and motives for shifting the balance away from reactive medical treatment, bypassing illness and injury, to promote better health and well-being.
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Matiazzi, Estevam. O Desvelar da Poesia. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-754-9.

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Estevam Matiazzi’s poetics are memorably reflected in the title of his colorful poem collection, most of which are written in poetic prose, with singular didacticism. “Life Seen Through Windows: before and beyond them” is a work marked by movements and approaches in a mutating world view, that established relations with its time. ‘Drunken times’, actually, pandemic times, Covid-19 times. In a cathartic process, the poetic persona gazes outside his window, a narrow spaces’ view that creates an egregore of love. Engaged in the notion of roughness within the historical moment, he creates poems, comforting hearts in distress and full of uncertainties. The title has a direct connection with the works’ poetry; it brings relations in constant change, a shape still undetermined, a state beyond any mold, any casted matter. Beyond anything pre-fixed, anything pre-established. Thus, in a language of light and shadows, “Life Seen Through Windows: before and beyond them” is a beacon in the darkness of these pandemic times (Márcia Lembrança). Life Seen Through Windows – behind and in front of them are 40 poems from quarantine, written in 2020, in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. The view from the windows in the apartment where I live in Belo Horizonte, side by side with the song “Window’s Scenery” – written by Lô Borges and Fernando Brant for the album Corner Club, released in 1972, year in which I was born –, are the inspiration for these poems. Nearly 50 years after this masterpiece, between the slot that remains between buildings, I watch, beyond the windows, the mountain ranges that still encircle the capitol of Minas Gerais, either under blue, open skies or under thick grey clouds… From behind windows, I listen to radios, watch screens and see continued ailments; deforested, burned Amazon, slighted traditional cultures; inflation on the rise, democracy under threat; drama and mire, plots and fire…
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Book chapters on the topic "Burden of COVID"

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Munoriyarwa, Allen. "The burden of responsibility." In Power, Media and the Covid-19 Pandemic, 159–74. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003147299-11.

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Okello, Anna, Jessica E. Raneri, Delia Grace Randolph, and Hung Nguyen-Viet. "Global burden of zoonotic disease, pandemics, COVID-19, and sustainable diets." In Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Diets, 166–75. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003174417-18.

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Labrum, Travis, Christina Newhill, and Tyler Smathers. "Working with Older Caregivers of Persons with Mental Illness during COVID-19: Decreasing Burden, Creating Plans for Future Care, and Utilizing Strengths." In Gerontological Social Work and COVID-19, 164–68. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003138280-35.

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Labrum, Travis, Christina Newhill, and Tyler Smathers. "Working with Older Caregivers of Persons with Mental Illness during COVID-19: Decreasing Burden, Creating Plans for Future Care, and Utilizing Strengths." In Gerontological Social Work and COVID-19, 164–68. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003138280-35.

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Khandelwal, Shweta. "Malnutrition and COVID-19 in India." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 171–201. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_9.

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AbstractWhile the world is battling the new coronavirus known as SARS-COV-2, public health and nutrition services in India are getting disrupted and derailed. It is pertinent not to overlook the existing gaps in our journey towards attaining the holistic sustainable development goals (SDGs). In fact, it is now well-established that comorbidities, especially malnutrition, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other respiratory or kidney problems exacerbate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 because of an already compromised immune system. The whole world is off track in achieving SDG 2, known as Zero Hunger, by 2030. At the current pace, approximately 17 countries including India will fail to even reach low hunger by 2030. India ranks 104 out of 117 countries as per the used metric, the global hunger index. Furthermore, these projections do not account for the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may worsen hunger and undernutrition in the near term and affect countries’ trajectories into the future.The author underscores the serious adverse impacts of COVID-19 on public health, nutrition, and food security in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Estimates show that 135 million persons were hungry before the pandemic. By the end of 2020, the number will likely increase to 265 million. India carries a heavy burden of multiple forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, hunger, micronutrient deficiencies as well as overweight, and obesity. India’s public health and nutritional policies must urgently address these problems. Measures taken by the government during the pandemic to counter its negative impact on the nutrition of women, children, migrant labor, and other vulnerable populations are enumerated. The response of the international community to tackle COVID-19 related nutritional challenges and India’s policy measures for ensuring nutrition and food security are discussed.
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Florvaag, Per Magne, Henrik Aasen Kjeldsberg, and Sebastian Kenji Mitusch. "Chapter 2 Smittestopp for Android and iOS." In Simula SpringerBriefs on Computing, 11–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05466-2_2.

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AbstractContact tracing is currently a manual and laborious task that requires individuals to recall their interactions with people many days in the past. As a remedy, phones can be used to play a significant role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, by easing the burden of healthcare staff. Through novel and sophisticated technology, apps can be used to track infected people, issue quarantine guidelines, and provide the latest news to the public. Along with general public measures, apps can contribute significantly to keeping infection levels low. Generally, digital contract tracing can identify and warn people who may be at risk of being infected because they were in close physical proximity of someone who later tested positive for COVID-19.
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Cilliers, Jakkie. "Health." In The Future of Africa, 49–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_3.

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AbstractIn this chapter Cilliers covers Africa’s unique epidemiological history from the early migration of homo sapiens to the devastation of HIV/AIDS and, more recently, the unfolding impact of COVID-19. It explains how humans’ proximity to nature, slow urbanisation and Africa’s distinct climatic conditions have led to an unusually high burden of communicable diseases, particularly the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The chapter also explains the double-burden of communicable and non-communicable disease evident in Africa. The chapter highlights the central role that infrastructural improvements and urban planning play in supporting better health outcomes and impact that poor basic infrastructure and lack of urban planning has in much of Africa. The chapter places a particular emphasis on the central role of potable water and water-borne sanitation in preventing the spread of disease. Finally, scenario analysis is used to demonstrate the relationship between health and economics.
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Reedtz, Charlotte. "Open Access: Covid-19 Fares Gently with Children and Youngsters, but They Bear a Large Burden Due to the Lock down of the Society." In The Implications of COVID-19 for Children and Youth, 97–99. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273981-31.

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Mehra, Chapal. "The Twin Epidemics: TB and COVID-19 in India." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 83–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_5.

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AbstractCOVID-19 has disrupted the health systems in low- and middle-income countries and has consequently unleashed a global health crisis. The lack of preparedness is visible at multiple levels of the healthcare system in India. The health system is overwhelmed by the influx of COVID-19 cases, dislodging all other patients. An inadequate healthcare infrastructure with less than optimal human resources along with a rising case-load and serious supply chain disruptions, has resulted in fatigue, frustration, and anger among the health workforce on the one hand, and in an atmosphere of fear among the patients and healthcare workers, on the others.The media is filled with messages on the COVID-19 crisis. Forgotten in the hyperbole is that numerous other diseases continue to devastate India’s population. Of these, the most important is TB. India continues to bear the highest burden of TB in the world accounting for an estimated 2.8 million cases every year and killing more than 400,000 persons annually. TB kills 1,200 Indians every day.The symptoms of COVID-19 and TB are very similar. Both are respiratory air-borne diseases. Both diseases are heavily stigmatized. And both are associated with mental health problems. Gender disparities are apparent in TB and COVID-19, but the gendered aspects of these diseases is ignored in programming. The author argues that for all these reasons, these two diseases should be addressed in tandem. It is time to fight COVID-19 and TB just as it is time to invest in public health.
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Singh, Sanghamitra, Poonam Muttreja, Dipa Nag Chowdhary, and Mandira Kalra Kalaan. "Relevance of Social and Behavior Change and Communications in the Media on COVID-19 Response." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 309–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_17.

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AbstractThe important role of social and behavior change and communication strategies in the prevention of infection is discussed. These strategies have two complementary, albeit distinct roles: 1) educate citizens on the health risks of COVID-19; and 2) promote desired behaviors to prevent infection.The authors underscore that messages for the prevention of COVID-19 should be clear and consistent and should be based on scientific evidence. These messages need to be reinforced to promote positive behavior change. They should be empathetic and inclusive and should counter misinformation and fake news. Government of India’s citizen engagement platform ‘MyGov’ has rolled-out a series of campaigns for the prevention of COVID-19. Civil society organizations have complemented the official campaign. The Population Foundation of India developed the Corona Ki Adalat (The court of corona) animation series to disseminate key messages and reinforce a sense of solidarity around the fight against COVID-19.India (and the world) has, for the first time, witnessed an amalgamation of science and mainstream media. The collaboration of the media and public health workers and doctors has been commendable. The authors illustrate this with examples of personalities who stepped-up and gave their time to the media to convey important messages to the public. The last few months have truly witnessed the power of the media and behavior change communications. Until a vaccine becomes widely available, the only way to protect people from COVID-19 and to minimize the burden it places on the public health system is to promote widespread behavior change. And this can only happen through the collaborative efforts of the government, media, public health experts, and civil society organizations.
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Conference papers on the topic "Burden of COVID"

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Sykes, Dominic L., Luke Holdsworth, Nadia Jawad, Pumali Gunasekera, Alyn H. Morice, and Michael G. Crooks. "Post-COVID-19 Symptom Burden: What is Long-COVID and how should we manageit?" In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.oa4189.

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Milluzzo, SM, EV Pesatori, C. Hassan, N. Olivari, L. Minelli Grazioli, P. Cesaro, M. Valerio, and C. Spada. "Impact Of Covid-19 Outbreak On Gastro-Intestinal Cancer Burden." In ESGE Days 2021. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1724346.

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Vagheggini, Guido, Francesca Marzetti, Lorenzo Bernardeschi, Mario Miniati, Giulia Boni Brivio, Eugenia Panait, Simone Meini, Elena Cini, and Angelo Gemignani. "Pulmonary function and psychological burden 3 months after COVID-19." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa604.

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Knight, F., N. McLeod, T. Akinola, and F. Kamal. "P222 Health-related quality of life symptom burden after COVID-19." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2022, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 23 to 25 November 2022, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2022-btsabstracts.354.

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Perera, L. D. L., A. N. Wijayanayake, and A. Withanaarachchi. "Impact of Workplace Burden Due to COVID-19 Pandemic on Employee Performance." In 2022 International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems Engineering (SCSE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scse56529.2022.9905176.

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Lu, Ember, Eileen Han, Anne E. Heyes, Josephine Mauskopf, Marguerite G. Bracher, and Helen J. Birch. "Economic burden associated with clinical management of COVID-19 – A literature review." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa3769.

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Vayner, Y., S. Lessen, R. Shah, S. Congdon, M. N. Gong, and A. A. Hope. "Residual Symptom Burden in Adult COVID-19 Survivors at One, Three, and Six Months After COVID-19 Illness." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a3851.

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Naidu, SB, A. Saigal, AJ Shah, SE Brill, H. Jarvis, M. Lipman, JR Hurst, and S. Mandal. "S53 What factors influence mental health burden in patients recovering from COVID-19?" In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting, Wednesday 17 to Friday 19 February 2021, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2020-btsabstracts.58.

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Lessen, S., Y. Vayner, D. Tomer, S. Congdon, M. N. Gong, and A. Hope. "Symptom Burden and Clinical Management in Adults Who Present with Post-Acute COVID-19 in a COVID-19 Recovery Engagement Clinic." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2621.

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Fraser, J., A. Dabney, J. Vicari, D. Rivet, B. Woodward, A. Nanda, D. Fiorella, et al. "E-096 COVID status is related to clot burden during thrombectomy in acute stroke patients." In SNIS 19th Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-snis.207.

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Reports on the topic "Burden of COVID"

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Razak, Fahad, Gabrielle M. Katz, Angela M. Cheung, Margaret S. Herridge, Arthur S. Slutsky, Upton Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. Understanding the Post COVID-19 Condition (Long COVID) and the Expected Burden for Ontario. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.44.1.0.

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Quinn, Kieran L., Gabrielle M. Katz, Pavlos Bobos, Beate Sander, Candace D. McNaughton, Angela M. Cheung, Margaret S. Herridge, et al. Understanding the Post COVID-19 Condition (Long COVID) in Adults and the Expected Burden for Ontario. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2022.03.65.1.0.

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Bohk-Ewald, Christina, Enrique Acosta, Timothy Riffe, Christian Dudel, and Mikko Myrskylä. Magnitude, global variation, and temporal development of the COVID-19 infection fatality burden. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2021-024.

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Rozelle, Scott, Heather Rahimi, Huan Wang, and Eve Dill. Lockdowns are protecting China’s rural families from COVID-19, but the economic burden is heavy. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133762_11.

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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, Gerald A. Evans, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2020.01.05.1.0.

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Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19.
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IIGH, UNU, and University of the Western Cape School of Public Health. Gender and COVID-19 global research agenda: priorities and recommendations. UNU-IIGH, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/lrrw9593.

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Calls for greater recognition of and attention to the influence of sex and gender on health have been longstanding, and the need for this has only been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from the direct effects of biological sex and socially-constructed gender differences on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality – with higher rates of severe disease and deaths among men, pandemic responses have also amplified existing gender inequalities, with women bearing the heaviest burden of the indirect health and socio-economic consequences. The interactions between sex, gender and COVID-19 are complex and evolving, and further shaped and influenced by context and the intersecting influence of other social determinants and/or identities (such as race, ethnicity, LGBTQIA or migrant status, etc.), which have exacerbated the devastating health impacts for specific women, men and gender-diverse people. Recognising both the urgency of integrating sex and gender into COVID-19 research, and the roadblocks in the way of achieving this, the United Nations University International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH) and the School of Public Health at the University of the Western Cape co- convened a collaborative gender and COVID-19 research agenda-setting exercise.
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IIGH, UNU, and University of the Western Cape School of Public Health. Gender and COVID-19 global research agenda: priorities and recommendations. UNU-IIGH, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/ffnz1457.

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Calls for greater recognition of and attention to the influence of sex and gender on health have been longstanding, and the need for this has only been amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from the direct effects of biological sex and socially-constructed gender differences on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality – with higher rates of severe disease and deaths among men, pandemic responses have also amplified existing gender inequalities, with women bearing the heaviest burden of the indirect health and socio-economic consequences. The interactions between sex, gender and COVID-19 are complex and evolving, and further shaped and influenced by context and the intersecting influence of other social determinants and/or identities (such as race, ethnicity, LGBTQIA or migrant status, etc.), which have exacerbated the devastating health impacts for specific women, men and gender-diverse people. Recognising both the urgency of integrating sex and gender into COVID-19 research, and the roadblocks in the way of achieving this, the United Nations University International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH) and the School of Public Health at the University of the Western Cape co- convened a collaborative gender and COVID-19 research agenda-setting exercise.
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Thompson, Alison, Nathan M. Stall, Karen B. Born, Jennifer L. Gibson, Upton Allen, Jessica Hopkins, Audrey Laporte, et al. Benefits of Paid Sick Leave During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.25.1.0.

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Multiple jurisdictions have adopted or adapted paid sick leave policies to reduce the likelihood of employees infected with SARS-CoV-2 presenting to work, which can lead to the spread of infection in workplaces. During the COVID-19 pandemic, paid sick leave has been associated with an increased likelihood of workers staying at home when symptomatic. Paid sick leave can support essential workers in following public health measures. This includes paid time off for essential workers when they are sick, have been exposed, need to self-isolate, need time off to get tested, when it is their turn to get vaccinated, and when their workplace closes due to an outbreak. In the United States, the introduction of a temporary paid sick leave, resulted in an estimated 50% reduction in the number of COVID-19 cases per state per day. The existing Canada Recovery Sickness Benefit (CRSB) cannot financially protect essential workers in following all public health measures, places the administrative burden of applying for the benefit on essential workers, and neither provides sufficient, nor timely payments. Table 1 lists the characteristics of a model paid sick leave program as compared with the CRSB. Implementation of the model program should be done in a way that is easy to navigate and quick for employers.
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9

Xu, Junjie, Jiaye Liu, Xinquan Lan, Moxin Song, Liangyuan Zhang, and Jiaqi Zhang. Efficacy of the third dose of COVID-19 vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0114.

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Review question / Objective: To investigate the immune response and related clinical outcomes of healthy adults who received coronavirus vaccine booster compared with those who did not receive the vaccine booster. Condition being studied: The COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread since 2019, has created a huge disease and economic burden on the world. A large number of clinical trials have verified the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine. Previous studies have found that the serum conversion rate and antibody level of those vaccinated after the first two doses of COVID-19 vaccine continue to decrease, and the efficacy of the vaccine will decrease over time after the first two doses. Therefore, in order to maintain the protective efficacy of the vaccine, The need for a vaccine booster shot to achieve the expected goal of long-term effective prevention of the novel coronavirus has become a focus of discussion around the world.
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10

Hashemi, Sara, Hengameh Ferdosian, and Hadi Zamanian. Accuracy of artificial intelligence in CT interpretation in covid-19: a systematic review protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0048.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to compare the accuracy of artificial intelligence algorithms with radiologist panels in CT interpretation in covid-19. Condition being studied: COVID-19 disease was reported as the cause of the outbreak of pneumonia at the end of 2019. One of the main complications of COVID-19 is pulmonary involvement which could be diagnosed by CT-scan dominantly. Because of the increasing rate of these patients along with considering patients in remote areas, CT interpretations are a heavy burden on radiologists. Therefore artificial intelligence algorithms have become critical and time-saving systems in decision-making for these patients.
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