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Journal articles on the topic 'Burbankite'

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Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Sitnikova, Maria A., Vicky Do Cabo, Frances Wall, and Simon Goldmann. "Burbankite and pseudomorphs from the Main Intrusion calcite carbonatite, Lofdal, Namibia: association, mineral composition, Raman spectroscopy." Mineralogical Magazine 85, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 496–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.56.

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AbstractThe Neoproterozoic Lofdal alkaline carbonatite complex consists of a swarm of carbonatite dykes and two plugs of calcite carbonatite known as the ‘Main’ and ‘Emanya’ carbonatite intrusions, with associated dykes and plugs of phonolite, syenite, rare gabbro, anorthosite and quartz-feldspar porphyry. In the unaltered Main Intrusion calcite carbonatite the principal rare-earth host is burbankite. As burbankite typically forms in a magmatic environment, close to the carbohydrothermal transition, this has considerable petrogenetic significance. Compositional and textural features of Lofdal calcite carbonatites indicate that burbankite formed syngenetically with the host calcite at the magmatic stage of carbonatite evolution. The early crystallisation of burbankite provides evidence that the carbonatitic magma was enriched in Na, Sr, Ba and light rare earth elements. In common with other carbonatites, the Lofdal burbankite was variably affected by alteration to produce a complex secondary mineral assemblage. Different stages of burbankite alteration are observed, from completely fresh blebs and hexagonal crystals through to complete pseudomorphs, consisting of carbocernaite, ancylite, cordylite, strontianite, celestine, parisite and baryte. Although most research and exploration at Lofdal has focused on xenotime-bearing carbonatite dykes and wall-rock alteration, this complex also contains a more typical calcite carbonatite enriched in light rare earth elements and their alteration products.

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2

Milani, Sula, Deborah Spartà, Patrizia Fumagalli, Boby Joseph, Roberto Borghes, Valentina Chenda, Juliette Maurice, Giorgio Bais, and Marco Merlini. "High-pressure and high-temperature structure and equation of state of Na<sub>3</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>La(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub> burbankite." European Journal of Mineralogy 34, no. 3 (June 13, 2022): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-351-2022.

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Abstract. In this study we report the synthesis of single crystals of burbankite, Na3Ca2La(CO3)5, at 5 GPa and 1073 K. The structural evolution, bulk modulus and thermal expansion of burbankite were studied and determined by two separate high-pressure (0–7.07(5) GPa) and high-temperature (298–746 K) in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The refined parameters of a second-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state (EoS) are V0= 593.22(3) Å3 and KT0= 69.8(4) GPa. The thermal expansion coefficients of a Berman-type EoS are α0= 6.0(2) ×10-5 K−1, α1= 5.7(7) ×10-8 K−2 and V0= 591.95(8) Å3. The thermoelastic parameters determined in this study allow us to estimate the larger density of burbankite in the pressure-temperature range of 5.5–6 GPa and 1173–1273 K, with respect to the density of carbonatitic magmas at the same conditions. For this reason, we suggest that burbankite might fractionate from the magma and play a key role as an upper-mantle reservoir of light trivalent rare earth elements (REE3+).

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3

Onac, Bogdan P., Heinz-Jürgen Bernhardt, and Herta Effenberger. "Authigenic burbankite in the Cioclovina Cave sediments (Romania)." European Journal of Mineralogy 21, no. 2 (April 22, 2009): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1916.

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4

Zaitsev, Anatoly N., Frances Wall, and Michael J. Le Bas. "REE -Sr-Ba minerals from the Khibina carbonatites, Kola Peninsula, Russia: their mineralogy, paragenesis and evolution." Mineralogical Magazine 62, no. 2 (April 1998): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646198547594.

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AbstractCarbonatites from the Khibina Alkaline Massif (360–380 Ma), Kola Peninsula, Russia, contain one of the most diverse assemblages of REE minerals described thus far from carbonatites and provide an excellent opportunity to track the evolution of late-stage carbonatites and their sub-solidus (secondary) changes. Twelve rare earth minerals have been analysed in detail and compared with literature analyses. These minerals include some common to carbonatites (e.g. Ca-rare-earth fluocarbonates and ancylite-(Ce)) plus burbankite and carbocernaite and some very rare Ba,REE fluocarbonates.Overall the REE patterns change from light rare earth-enriched in the earliest carbonatites to heavy rare earth-enriched in the late carbonate-zeolite veins, an evolution which is thought to reflect the increasing ‘carbohydrothermal’ nature of the rock-forming fluid. Many of the carbonatites have been subject to sub-solidus metasomatic processes whose products include hexagonal prismatic pseudomorphs of ancylite-(Ce) or synchysite-(Ce), strontianite and baryte after burbankite and carbocernaite. The metasomatic processes cause little change in the rare earth patterns and it is thought that they took place soon after emplacement.

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5

Chakhmouradian, Anton R., and Sven Dahlgren. "Primary inclusions of burbankite in carbonatites from the Fen complex, southern Norway." Mineralogy and Petrology 115, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00736-0.

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6

Belovitskaya, Yu V., I. V. Pekov, E. R. Gobechiya, Yu K. Kabalov, and V. V. Subbotin. "Crystal structure of calcioburbankite and the characteristic features of the burbankite structure type." Crystallography Reports 46, no. 6 (November 2001): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1420820.

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7

Ginderow, D. "Structure de Na3 M 3(CO3)5 (M = terre rare, Ca, Na, Sr), rattaché á la burbankite." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 45, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270188009898.

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8

NAEMURA, Kosuke, Ichiko SHIMIZU, Martin SVOJTKA, and Takao HIRAJIMA. "Accessory priderite and burbankite in multiphase solid inclusions in the orogenic garnet peridotite from the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic." Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 110, no. 1 (2015): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/jmps.140613c.

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9

Mitchell, R. H. "Sylvite and fluorite microcrysts, and fluorite-nyerereite intergrowths from natrocarbonatite, Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania." Mineralogical Magazine 70, no. 1 (February 2006): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461067010316.

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AbstractNatrocarbonatite lavas erupted from hornitos T37B and T49B at Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania) during 23–30 July, 2000 are unusual in containing sylvite and fluorite microcrysts together with fluorite-nyerereite intergrowths. The latter are relatively coarse grained and exhibit granular textures indicative of slow crystallization rates relative to those of their host subaerial lavas. Fluorite microcrysts are considered to be derived by the fragmentation of the fluorite-nyerereite clasts. Sylvite microcrysts contain inclusions of ferroan alabandite [(Mn0.67-0.71Fe0.33-0.29)S] and are poor in Na (1.9–7.7 wt.% Na; 6.1–23.4 mol.% NaCl). Intergrowth and microcrystal fluorite contains 1–3.5 wt.% Sr. Intergrowth nyerereite has a composition similar to that occurring as bona fide phenocrysts. The groundmass of lava erupted from hornito T37B contains nyerereite microphenocrysts (4–8 wt.% BaO) that are epitaxially mantled by barian nyerereite (12–20 wt.% BaO). The latter are compositionally and texturally distinct from the groundmass phase X, which is considered to be a burbankite-group mineral. The fluorite-nyerereite clasts are considered to be derived from the magma chamber underlying hornitos T37B and T49B, and thus representative of some of the products of crystallization of natrocarbonatite magma under hypabyssal conditions. The origins of the sylvite microcrysts cannot, as yet, be determined.

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10

Edahbi, M., B. Plante, M. Benzaazoua, and A. Cayer. "Geoenvironmental characterization of two REE deposits: the Montviel carbonatites and Kipawa silicates, Quebec Canada." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1090, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1090/1/012013.

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Abstract Drainage water quality is the significant environmental concern for the rare earth elements (REE) mining industry. REE deposits are associated with other metals and radioactive bearing minerals. REE mining and refining activities can generate significant quantities of liquid and solid wastes. Therefore, a long-term integrated approach covering the full mine-life cycle is required to mitigate possible environmental concerns. In the present study, two REE concentrates were prepared and all deposit lithologies of carbonatites and silicates sampled and investigated for their mineralogy, geochemistry, and their environmental behavior using kinetic testing. For the Montviel carbonatite (enriched in light rare earth elements, or LREE), the majority of REE-bearing minerals are associated with carbonates (i.e., monazite, kukharenkoite, burbankite, etc.), whereas the REE-bearing minerals associated with the Kipawa silicates (enriched in heavy rare earth elements, or HREE) are fluorbritholite, eudyalite, mosandrite, etc. The kinetic tests showed a neutral to alkaline pH of leachates and a low leachability of REE (carbonatites <140 μg/L; silicates <15 μg/L) with a higher mobility of HREE than LREE. The reactivity of REE carbonates are one to two orders of magnitude higher than REE silicates. For sustainable mineral development, geological and environmental data was integrated into the geometallurgical model to identify and control the environmental risks associated with mining those two deposits.

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11

Zaitsev, A. N., A. Demény, S. Sindern, and F. Wall. "Burbankite group minerals and their alteration in rare earth carbonatites—source of elements and fluids (evidence from C–O and Sr–Nd isotopic data)." Lithos 62, no. 1-2 (May 2002): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-4937(02)00084-1.

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12

Kozlov, Evgeniy, Ekaterina Fomina, Mikhail Sidorov, Vladimir Shilovskikh, Vladimir Bocharov, Alexey Chernyavsky, and Miłosz Huber. "The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry." Minerals 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10010073.

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The Vuoriyarvi Devonian carbonatite–ijolite–pyroxenite–olivinite complex comprises several carbonatite fields: Neske Vara, Tukhta-Vara, and Petyayan-Vara. The most common carbonatites in the Tukhta-Vara and Neske-Vara fields are calciocarbonatites, which host several P, Fe, Nb, and Ta deposits. This paper focuses on the Petyayan-Vara field, in which the primary magmatic carbonatites are magnesian. The least altered magnesiocarbonatites are composed of dolomite with burbankite and are rich in REE (up to 2.0 wt. %), Sr (up to 1.2 wt. %), and Ba (up to 0.8 wt. %). These carbonatites underwent several stages of metasomatism. Each metasomatic event produced a new rock type with specific mineralization. The introduction of K, Si, Al, Fe, Ti, and Nb by a F-rich fluid (or fluid-saturated melt) resulted in the formation of high-Ti magnesiocarbonatites and silicocarbonatites, composed of dolomite, microcline, Ti-rich phlogopite, and Fe–Ti oxides. Alteration by a phosphate–fluoride fluid caused the crystallization of apatite in the carbonatites. A sulfate-rich Ba–Sr–rare-earth elements (REE) fluid (probably brine-melt) promoted the massive precipitation of ancylite and baryte and, to a lesser extent, strontianite, bastnäsite, and synchysite. Varieties of carbonatite that contain the highest concentrations of REE are ancylite-dominant. The influence of sulfate-rich Ba-Sr-REE fluid on the apatite-bearing rocks resulted in the dissolution and reprecipitation of apatite in situ. The newly formed apatite generation is rich in HREE, Sr, and S. During late-stage transformations, breccias of magnesiocarbonatites with quartz-bastnäsite matrixes were formed. Simultaneously, strontianite, quartz, calcite, monazite, HREE-rich thorite, and Fe-hydroxides were deposited. Breccias with quartz-bastnäsite matrix are poorer in REE (up to 4.5 wt. % total REE) than the ancylite-dominant rocks (up to 11 wt. % total REE).

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13

Buehn, Bernhard, Andrew H. Rankin, Martin Radtke, Martin Haller, and Arndt Knoechel. "Burbankite, a (Sr, REE, Na, Ca)-carbonate in fluid inclusions from carbonatite-derived fluids; identification and characterization using laser Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, and synchrotron micro-XRF analysis." American Mineralogist 84, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1999): 1117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-1999-7-814.

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14

Schlüter, Jochen, Thomas Malcherek, and Dieter Pohl. "Sanrománite, Na₂CaPb₃(CO₃)₅, from the Santa Rosa mine, Atacama desert, Chile, a new mineral of the burbankite group." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 183, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2007/0068.

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15

Dowman, Emma, Frances Wall, Peter J. Treloar, and Andrew H. Rankin. "Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi." Mineralogical Magazine 81, no. 6 (December 2017): 1367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2017.081.007.

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AbstractCarbonatites are enriched in critical raw materials such as the rare-earth elements (REE), niobium, fluorspar and phosphate. A better understanding of their fluid regimes will improve our knowledge of how to target and exploit economic deposits. This study shows that multiple fluid phases penetrated the surrounding fenite aureole during carbonatite emplacement at Chilwa Island, Malawi. The first alkaline fluids formed the main fenite assemblage and later microscopic vein networks contain the minerals of potential economic interest such as pyrochlore in high-grade fenite and rare-earth minerals throughout the aureole. Seventeen samples of fenite rock from the metasomatic aureole around the Chilwa Island carbonatite complex were chosen for study. In addition to the main fenite assemblage of feldspar and aegirine ± arfvedsonite, riebeckite and richterite, the fenite contains micro-mineral assemblages including apatite, ilmenite, rutile, magnetite, zircon, rare-earth minerals and pyrochlore in vein networks. Petrography using a scanning electron microscope in energy-dispersive spectroscopy mode showed that the rare-earth minerals (monazite, bastnäsite and parisite) formed later than the fenite feldspar, aegirine and apatite and provide evidence ofREEmobility into all grades of fenite. Fenite apatite has a distinct negative Eu anomaly (determined by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) that is rare in carbonatite-associated rocks and interpreted as related to pre-crystallization of plagioclase and co-crystallization with K-feldspar in the fenite. The fenite minerals have consistently higher midREE/lightREEratios (La/Sm ≈ 1.3 monazite, ≈ 1.9 bastnäsite, ≈ 1.2 parisite) than their counterparts in the carbonatites (La/Sm ≈ 2.5 monazite, ≈ 4.2 bastnäsite, ≈ 3.4 parisite). Quartz in the low- and medium-grade fenite hosts fluid inclusions, typically a few micrometres in diameter, secondary and extremely heterogeneous. Single phase, 2- and 3-phase, single solid and multi solid-bearing examples are present, with 2-phase the most abundant. Calcite, nahcolite, burbankite and baryte were found in the inclusions. Decrepitation of inclusions occurred at ∼200°C before homogenization but melting-temperature data indicate that the inclusions contain relatively pure CO2. A minimum salinity of ∼24 wt.% NaCl equivalent was determined. Among the trace elements in whole-rock analyses, enrichment in Ba, Mo, Nb, Pb, Sr, Th and Y and depletion in Co, Hf and V are common to carbonatite and fenite but enrichment in carbonatitic type elements (Ba, Nb, Sr, Th, YandREE) generally increases towards the inner parts of the aureole. A schematic model contains multiple fluid events, related to first and second boiling of the magma, accompanying intrusion of the carbonatites at Chilwa Island, each contributing to the mineralogy and chemistry of the fenite. The presence of distinct rare-earth mineral microassemblages in fenite at some distance from carbonatite could be developed as an exploration indicator ofREEenrichment.

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16

Belovitskaya, Yu V., I. V. Pekov, and Yu K. Kabalov. "Refinement of the crystal structures of low-rare-earth and “typical” burbankites by the Rietveld method." Crystallography Reports 45, no. 1 (January 2000): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.171131.

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17

Oszmiański, J., J. Kolniak-Ostek, and A. Wojdyło. "Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Solanum scabrum and Solanum burbankii Berries." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62, no. 7 (February 7, 2014): 1512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf4045233.

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18

Anderson, Neil O., and Richard T. Olsen. "A Vast Array of Beauty: The Accomplishments of the Father of American Ornamental Breeding, Luther Burbank." HortScience 50, no. 2 (February 2015): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.161.

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Luther Burbank (1849–1926) was a prolific ornamental plant breeder, who worked with 91 genera of ornamentals, from Abutilon to Zinnia, and released nearly 1000 cultivars to the industry. His innovative work included both herbaceous and woody plant materials as well as ornamental vegetables such as corn, tomatoes, and spineless cacti. His most popular ornamental release, the shasta daisy hybrids—first released in 1901, is still on the global market. This article focuses on Luther Burbank’s breeding techniques with ornamental plants and how both the germplasms that he developed and his methodologies used permeate modern flower breeding. Genera with the highest number of cultivars bred and released by Burbank include Amaryllis, Hippeastrum, and Crinum followed by Lilium, Hemerocallis, Watsonia, Papaver, Gladiolus, Dahlia, and Rosa. With Lilium, he pioneered breeding the North American native lily species, particularly those from the Pacific coastal region, producing the eponymous Lilium ×burbankii. Burbank’s breeding enterprise was designed to be self-sustaining based on profits from selling the entire product line of a new cultivar or crop only to wholesale firms, who then held exclusives for propagation and selling, although financial hardships necessitated selling retail occasionally. Entire lots of selected seedlings were sold to the highest bidder with Burbank setting the price in his annual catalogs such as the Burbank Hybrid Lilies lot for U.S. $250,000 or some of the “very handsome, hardy ones” for U.S. $250 to U.S. $10,000 each. Other flower cultivars also commanded high prices such as seedling Giant Amaryllis that sold for U.S. $1.55/bulb in 1909. Cacti were another area of emphasis (he released more than 63 cultivars) from the spineless fruiting and forage types (Opuntia ficus-indica, O. tuna, O. vulgaris) to flowering ornamentals such as O. basilaris, Cereus chilensis, and Echinopsis mulleri. Interest in cacti during 1909–15 rivaled the Dutch Tulip mania with exorbitant fees for a single “slab” of a cultivar, speculative investments, controversy with noted cacti specialists (particularly David Griffiths), and lawsuits by The Burbank Company. Although most cultivars have been lost, Burbank’s reputation as the Father of American Ornamental Breeding remains admirable from critics and devotees alike.

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19

Rashchenko, Sergey, Anastasia Mikhno, and Anton Shatskiy. "High‐pressure Raman study of Na‐Ca burbankite – a possible CO ₂ host in deep mantle." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, October 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6463.

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20

"Crystallization of bastnäsite and burbankite from carbonatite melt in the system La(CO3)F – CaCO3 – Na2CO3 at 100 MPa." American Mineralogist, January 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8064.

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21

Hutchinson, Mandi, Paul Slezak, Richard Wendlandt, and Murray Hitzman. "Rare Earth Element Enrichment in the Weathering Profile of the Bull Hill Carbonatite at Bear Lodge, Wyoming, USA." Economic Geology, February 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4900.

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Abstract Bull Hill is a carbonatite diatreme within the Paleogene Bear Lodge Carbonatite Complex in Wyoming, USA. Rare earth element (REE)-bearing carbonate, fluorocarbonate, phosphate, and oxide minerals occur within near-vertical carbonatite dikes on the western margin of Bull Hill. Changes in mineralogy and REE concentrations with depth are ascribed mainly to late-stage magmatic-hydrothermal and supergene alteration. Approximately 35 m of drill core from Bull Hill was analyzed and encompasses least altered, weakly weathered, and moderately weathered carbonatite. The least altered carbonatite contains magmatic burbankite, typically as inclusions within Mn-rich calcite (stage I). Secondary REE-bearing minerals, which pseudomorphically replaced unidentified hexagonal phenocrysts, include ancylite, bastnäsite with synchysite/parisite, and an unidentified Sr-Ca-REE-phosphate (stage II). These replacive minerals generated small amounts of incipient porosity (~7–8%) and are largely stable in the lower portion of the weathering profile. Progressive weathering (stages III and IV) of the carbonatite involved the oxidation of pyrite to iron oxides and iron hydroxides, dissolution of calcite and strontianite, and the replacement of Mn-rich calcite by manganese oxides. These mineralogical changes resulted in an ~40% porosity gain in the core studied here. The volumetric concentration of weathering resistant REE-bearing minerals resulted in REE enrichment from an average of 5.4 wt % in the least weathered carbonatite to an average of 12.6 wt % in moderately weathered carbonatite, and to an overall increase in REE ore tenor of two to three times compared to the least altered carbonatite. Isocon plots confirm the increased concentration of REEs in the weathered carbonatite and demonstrate that REEs, along with TiO2, Ta, Nb, Zr, and Hf, were conserved in the lower weathered zone.

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22

"Solanum burbankii." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.117223.

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