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Journal articles on the topic 'Bump Steer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Hoyle, J. "Bump steer effects in a 10 ton truck with a leaf-spring suspension." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1051–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto180.

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A 10 t truck with a leaf-spring suspension and beam axles was known to have suffered an incident during normal road operation that was believed to have been related to the phenomenon of bump steer. Experimental investigations using a four-post rig established that the vehicle was particularly excited while traversing, at approximately 25 m/s, a sinusoidal undulating road profile that had a wavelength of approximately 12 m. Bump steer was evident under these conditions, and the excited frequency of approximately 2.4 Hz raised the possibility that driver reaction times (a lag of approximately 0.2 s) could have compounded the problem when trying to counter the effect of the bump steer. A handling model of the vehicle has been used to investigate the bump steer effects. A three-degree-of-freedom handling model of the vehicle was created that included a non-linear tyre model, which was able to simulate the differing cornering stiffness effects created by varying tyre loads, friction limits, and slip angles. A driver model was created that made use of lateral displacement and intended vehicle-path return rate feedback loops (effectively proportional and differential feedback) but incorporated a neuromuscular lag element and steer rate and steer angle limiting functions. Simulations of violent high-speed double-lane-change manoeuvres enabled the driver's return rate and lateral displacement feedback gains to be benchmarked for these conditions. Further simulations using these feedback gains showed that, when coupled with the bump steer of the vehicle at an excitation frequency of 2.4 Hz, a typical neuromuscular lag of 0.2 s created an approximately 150° out-of-phase response from the driver that resulted in an unstable oscillatory handling system. If the neuromuscular lag was reduced to near-zero, the system remained stable in spite of the high feedback gains. Alternatively, reducing the driver's feedback gains by 50 per cent also resulted in a stable system, in spite of the neuromuscular lag, thereby demonstrating that the correct response to the bump steer effects was not to respond to them. Actual vehicle trials conducted under controlled conditions at various road locations (including the incident location) and other test centres demonstrated that this was indeed the correct response should bump steer be encountered.
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2

Norman, K. D. "Multiple-bump roadholding test: Description and metric interpretation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407021529084.

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Road vehicle roadholding comprehends directional response to road inputs. This response is primarily a function of the roadway's frequency content and amplitude and the vehicle's inertial, suspension and tyre characteristics. There is also evidence that suspension kinematic and compliance steer properties can have a significant contribution (Rill, G. Steady state cornering on uneven roadways. SAE paper 860575, 1986). The multiple-bump roadholding test measures vehicle response to a periodic bump of varying frequency while cornering. By driving a vehicle at different speeds over a set of periodic bumps placed on circles of different diameters, it is possible to observe the response to different fundamental bump excitation frequencies at a particular lateral acceleration. This paper describes the test procedure, measured vehicle responses and the metrics calculated.
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3

Simionescu, P. A., D. Beale, and I. Talpasanu. "Dynamic effect of the bump steer in a wheeled tractor." Mechanism and Machine Theory 42, no. 10 (October 2007): 1352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2006.10.007.

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4

Gula, Jonathan, M. Jeroen Molemaker, and James C. McWilliams. "Gulf Stream Dynamics along the Southeastern U.S. Seaboard." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 3 (March 2015): 690–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0154.1.

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AbstractThe Gulf Stream strongly interacts with the topography along the southeastern U.S. seaboard, between the Straits of Florida and Cape Hatteras. The dynamics of the Gulf Stream in this region is investigated with a set of realistic, very high-resolution simulations using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The mean path is strongly influenced by the topography and in particular the Charleston Bump. There are significant local pressure anomalies and topographic form stresses exerted by the bump that retard the mean flow and steer the mean current pathway seaward. The topography provides, through bottom pressure torque, the positive input of barotropic vorticity necessary to balance the meridional transport of fluid and close the gyre-scale vorticity balance. The effect of the topography on the development of meanders and eddies is studied by computing energy budgets of the eddies and the mean flow. The baroclinic instability is stabilized by the slope everywhere except past the bump. The flow is barotropically unstable, and kinetic energy is converted from the mean flow to the eddies following the Straits of Florida and at the bump with regions of eddy-to-mean conversion in between. There is eddy growth by Reynolds stress and downstream development of the eddies. Interaction of the flow with the topography acts as an external forcing process to localize these oceanic storm tracks. Associated time-averaged eddy fluxes are essential to maintain and reshape the mean current. The pattern of eddy fluxes is interpreted in terms of eddy life cycle, eddy fluxes being directed downgradient in eddy growth regions and upgradient in eddy decay regions.
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5

Borisenko, Vladislav, Artem Kiselev, Luis Leoro, Aleksei Borovkov, and Yury Boldyrev. "K&C suspension parameters stability by production tolerances." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 07007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914007007.

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This paper considers a modern approach of K&C parameters stability analysis using the suspension MBS model of a short-wheelbase electric vehicle. According to the results of the work, even minor errors in suspension hardpoints positioning when overlaying can greatly affect the K&C parameters of car suspensions. Using MBS models, quasi-static K&C events have been simulated. In the same way the dependences of the suspension K&C parameters are numerically determined. Moreover, these calculations were made with different hardpoints positions for joints of wishbones fastening on a frame, and joint of a steering rod with a steering rack. The influence of suspension hardpoints displacement on the K&C parameters of the vehicle was estimated. As a result, recommendations are made for production positioning tolerances of suspension hardpoints in order to avoid deterioration of K&C parameters. Basically, the appearance of inaccuracies in the positioning of hardpoints leads to critical changes in anti-dive, anti-lift, kingpin inclination angle, bump camber and bump steer parameters.
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6

Aicken, Michael D. "Bum steer." BMJ 334, no. 7588 (February 8, 2007): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39098.373912.be.

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7

Glemža, Justinas, Vilius Palenskis, Andrejus Geižutis, Bronislovas Čechavičius, Renata Butkutė, Sandra Pralgauskaitė, and Jonas Matukas. "Low-Frequency Noise Investigation of 1.09 μm GaAsBi Laser Diodes." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 24, 2019): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040673.

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GaAsBi is a suitable and very attractive material system to be used as an active layer in laser diodes (LDs). To understand the performance and the reliability of such devices and also for further laser diode improvements, the origin of noise sources should be clarified. A detailed study of near-infrared 1.09 μm wavelength GaAsBi type-I laser diodes using the low-frequency noise spectroscopy in a temperature range of (180–300) K is presented. Different types of voltage fluctuation spectral density dependencies on the forward current far below the lasing threshold have been observed. According to this, investigated samples have been classified into two groups and two equivalent noise circuits with the corresponding voltage noise sources are presented. Calculations on the voltage spectral density of the electrical noise and current-voltage characteristic approximations have been performed and the results are consistent with the experimental data. The analysis showed that one group of LDs is characterized by 1/fα-type electrical fluctuations with one steep electrical bump in the electrical noise dependence on forward current, and the origin of these fluctuations is the surface leakage channel. The LDs of the other group have two bumps in the electrical noise dependence on current where the first bump is determined by overall LD defectiveness and the second bump by Bi-related defects in the active area of LD with characteristic Lorentzian-type fluctuations having the activation energy of (0.16–0.18) eV.
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8

Duan, Wen Bo, Hai Peng Geng, Bai Song Yang, Yan Hua Sun, and Lie Yu. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Bump Foil Forming Process for Foil Air Bearings." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 2103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.2103.

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In this paper, a simplified nonlinear finite element for bump foil forming process of foil air bearings is developed. The bump foil is dealt with as flexible deformable body, the upper die and lower die are considered as the rigid body without deformation. The friction model between bump foil and dies with velocity-dependent friction forces is described by arctan function. The forming process of SS304 Stainless Steel bump foil under different loads is investigated with rigid-plastic finite element method. The simulation results are compared with theoretical values and experimental results. Therefore more feasible process parameters are obtained to fabricate the bump foils.
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9

Decleir, Marjorie, Ilse De Looze, Médéric Boquien, Maarten Baes, Sam Verstocken, Daniela Calzetti, Laure Ciesla, et al. "Revealing the dust attenuation properties on resolved scales in NGC 628 with SWIFT UVOT data." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 743–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz805.

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ABSTRACT Understanding how dust attenuation laws vary between and within galaxies is a key question if we want to reliably measure the physical properties of galaxies at both global and local scales. To shed new light on this question, we present a detailed study of the slope and bump strength of the attenuation law in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 628 at the resolved spatial scale of 325 pc. To do so, we have modelled a broad multiwavelength data set from the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared (IR) with the state-of-the-art SED fitting code cigale, including SWIFT UVOT data for which we have developed a new optimized reduction pipeline. We find that the median dust attenuation curve of NGC 628 is fairly steep, but not as steep as the SMC curve, and has a sub-MW-type UV bump. We observe intriguing variations within the galaxy, with regions of high AV exhibiting a shallower attenuation curve. We argue that the flattening of the curve is due to a dominance of absorption over scattering events at higher AV. No trend between the bump strength and the IRAC 8.0 $\mu$m emission was found. However, this does not necessarily rule out polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the main contributors to the UV bump.
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10

Yang, Peiran, Jinlei Cui, Motohiro Kaneta, and Hiroshi Nishikawa. "Influence of a Surface Bump or Groove on the Lubricating Performance and Dimple Phenomena in Simple Sliding Point EHL Contacts." Journal of Tribology 126, no. 3 (June 28, 2004): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1691434.

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The influence of a transversely or longitudinally oriented surface bump or groove on the lubricating performance and dimple phenomena in the simple sliding point contact composed of a steel ball and a glass disk has been investigated theoretically with numerical solution of the thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) and experimentally with optical interferometry technique. Good agreement has been obtained between the theoretical and experimental results. It has also been discovered that the surface bump or groove is dangerously harmful to the lubricating performance and has a significant influence on the dimple phenomena.
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11

Yao, Yi, Quan Yuan, and Sihuan Fu. "Performance analysis of the bump beams made of High Strength Steel and Carbon Fiber reinforce plastics." MATEC Web of Conferences 207 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820703006.

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Lightweight and safe are the key research directions of the automobile industry. Bump beam is an important part of the car safety protection and it’s lightweight design has drawn much attention. In this paper, the static strength and the low-speed impact performances of two types of bump beam with the same structure, which made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) and high strength steel (HSS), were investigated. Under the condition of static press, frontal and 40% offset impact, part structural stiffness, component crush intrusion, energy absorption were comparison analyzed. In order to guide the product design, the deformation and failure of CFRP beams with five different laminate structures were simulated under frontal and 40% offset impact. The results indicate that, with the same structure, the properties of CFRP bump beam are generally superior to HSS product, more conducive to lightweight and the optimum design of the laminate is [0° / 60° / 120°]
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12

Zhang, Xu, and Shiwang Ma. "Multi-bump solutions of Schrödinger–Poisson equations with steep potential well." Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 66, no. 4 (January 31, 2015): 1615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00033-014-0490-x.

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13

Stieve, H., H. Gaube, and J. Klomfaß. "Effect of External Calcium Concentration on the Intensity Dependence of Light-Induced Membrane Current and Voltage Signals in Two Defined States of Adaptation in the Photo-Receptor of Limulus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 41, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1986): 1092–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1986-11-1225.

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Abstract The intensity dependence of the response of the Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor to light flashes was determined in alternating measurements for the membrane current signal (receptor current) under voltage clamp conditions and the membrane voltage signal (receptor potential). Responses were obtained at two reproducible states of adaptation, while the photoreceptor was superfused by physiological saline (10 mmol/l Ca2+), or by salines with either lowered (250 μmol/l) or raised (40 mmol/l) calcium concentration. For the dark-adapted state of the photoreceptor the double logarithmic plot of the response current-time integral F (or the current amplitude) vs. flash intensity rises in a steep, supralinear section (slope 2-4) to a curve knee towards a less steep, sublinear section (slope 0.2-0.6), but does not reach saturation in the intensity range tested. Light adaptation shifts the response size vs. intensity curve towards higher light intensities. This sensitivity shift is enlarged in raised, and almost abolished in low external [Ca2+]. The changes of response latency and time-to-peak with stimulus intensity or adaptation are almost identical for receptor current and receptor potential. The decrease-time of the receptor current response, however, depends much less on the stimulus intensity or the state of adaptation than that of the receptor potential. The relative changes in the time course of the receptor current caused by light adaptation are not much influenced by variation of the [Ca2+]ex. Interpretation: The macroscopic receptor current signal consists of a volley of overlapping bumps; the size of these bumps is scaled by a calcium-dependent attenuation function which increases with delay time. This gradual growing attenuation a(t) acts as automatic gain control and may be responsible for the sublinear slope of the intensity dependence of the size of the receptor current. The supralinear slope of this dependence at lower stimulus intensities is probably caused by cooperative effects. Changes in the time course of the macroscopic receptor current due to light adaptation or varied calcium concentration are based on changes in the latency distribution of the underlying bump volley, and the size of the attenuation function.
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14

Shirai, Shin-ichi. "Multi-bump solutions to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with steep magnetic wells." Journal of Mathematical Physics 56, no. 9 (September 2015): 091510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4930247.

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15

Sato, Yohei, and Kazunaga Tanaka. "Sign-changing multi-bump solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with steep potential wells." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 361, no. 12 (July 14, 2009): 6205–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-09-04565-6.

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16

Vorkov, Vitalii, Richard Aerens, Dirk Vandepitte, and Joost R. Duflou. "Influence of a Single Bend in the Bumping Process of Large Radius Air Bending." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1090.

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Bump bending or step bending is a forming technique that allows making large radius bends in a sheet metal part by means of a series of bends performed close to each other. The bump bending process has been studied by means of both an experimental campaign and finite element analysis. High-strength steel Weldox 1300 and a punch of radius 30 mm have been used. The finite element calculations have been performed with Abaqus using the solid formulation and Implicit/Explicit solvers. The results of the finite element analysis have been validated experimentally by monitoring the bending process using a camera system aligned with the bending line. Experiments were performed on a press-brake with a capacity of 50 metric tons. Deflections of a sheet during and after bending have been measured using the images recorded by the camera. In order to investigate the influence of a new bend on a previously formed bend, experiments have been performed with different distances between two consecutive bends. Based on the experiments, the size of the affected zone for the bend has been measured. The dependence of the distance between two consecutive bends on the resulting global bending angle has been studied. Moreover the influence of the bump distance on the springback has been investigated.
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17

Hearnshaw, J. B., and V. J. McIntyre. "Optical spectroscopy of SN 1987A." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 7, no. 4 (1988): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132335800002258x.

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AbstractMt John Observatory photographic spectra of SN 1987A have been obtained on 111 nights during the first year at resolutions of 1.1 Å (blue) and 1.6 Å (red). The early spectra are dominated by broad P Cygni profiles from neutral or singly ionised species. Ba absorption lines may be present. After six months nebular emission features emerged, including [OI] 630, 636 nm and two unidentified UV lines (367, 375 nm) in the previously dark region below 380 nm. Absorption line radial velocities show steep declines in the first month, but are almost constant or only slowly decline after 100 days. For the Hα absorption minimum the initial decline rate was 690 ± 70 km s−1d−1 and the initial velocity was −20.2±0.5 Mm s−1 (LMC frame). By 1988 Feb the slowest material in absorption was at −2.2 Mm s−1.The emission maxima of Hα and NaID show anomalous redshifts of about 1.0 Mm s−1. The [OI] lines show no such redshift. Recent [OI] and Hα spectra at higher resolution show ‘fine structure’ in the profiles, indicating inhomogeneity in the ejecta. Hβ, Hγ and Hδ (but not Hα) were all weaker or absent from 1987 late March to early May, but strong thereafter. From about 1987 Mar 18 to Apr 17 Hα showed a bump on the blue side of the emission at 647 nm and a double peak (658 and 668 nm). Absorption bumps in the Hα profile in early spectra (1987 Feb) may be due to circumstellar water vapour.
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18

Chen, Chang Jun, Yan Zhan Su, Qin Cao, and Min Zhang. "Study on Cavitation Erosion Properties of Stainless Steel Vane Wheel Enhanced by Electro-Spark Deposition (ESD) Technology." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2229.

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In this paper, Electro-Spark Deposition (ESD) technology was used to enhance the cavitation erosion resistance of the stainless steel. The microstructure and composition of the deposition layers were studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) on cavitation erosion resistance was investigated. The microhardness was measured too. The cavitation erosion resistance was measured in ultrasonic equipment. The preliminary study confirmed that the cavitation erosion resistance of the deposition layer was enhanced compared to the untreated substrate. Now, vane wheel made of cast-iron, stainless steel and oil bump damaged by cavitation erosion have been repaired by ESD. And the properties of the repaired vane wheels were the same as the new ones.
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19

Christevi Octavia, Jaclyn, Heru Sufianto, and Bambang Yatnawijaya S. "KONSEP FLOATING PLATFORM PADA RUMAH TINGGAL DI PANTAI MUTIARA, JAKARTA UTARA." Jurnal Koridor 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2017): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v8i1.1317.

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Flood in flood prone area may degrades the quality of building materials, especially those made from timber and steel. Number of strategies for preventing flood have been implemented, including canal system, water dam, and infiltration affected region. This study seeks available modification of structural system implemented for individual residential building. The flood proof housing system was found to be effective installed in pantai mutiara housing area, North Jakarta. Some of supported materials has been choosen by consideration of materials weight, such as light steel as the main column, casco as the buoyancy system. This structural system modification concept also equipped by bump as the reservoir container of floodwater, and filtration tank to protect the whole system performance from dirt.
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20

Hearn, George, and Knut Nordheim. "Differential Settlements and Inelastic Response in Steel Bridge Beams." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1633, no. 1 (January 1998): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1633-09.

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A proposed method for mitigation of pavement faults at bridge abutments (the “bump at the end of the bridge”) is the use of shallow foundations. Abutments on shallow foundations are expected to settle compatibly with embankments and thus to minimize pavement faults. Allowing bridge abutments to settle may reduce faults, but it creates a demand for tolerance of different settlement in bridge superstructures. Current guidelines for tolerable differential settlement of bridges are empirical only, and the application of elastic analysis of bridge superstructures to determine tolerance of settlement has not produced satisfactory results. Inelastic analysis of steel bridge beams was applied to the computation of tolerable differential settlement. Tests of inelastic rotation capacity of steel beams were reviewed and compared with the results of inelastic analyses. A model of tolerable inelastic rotation capacity in steel beams is proposed.
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21

Azizi, Hisyam Azhar, Agus Didit Haryanto, Johanes Hutabarat, Dicky Muslim, Dewi Gentana, and Ryan Hidayat. "POLA ALIRAN PANAS BERDASARKAN ANALISIS FLUIDA DAN MINERAL UBAHAN DI DAERAH PANAS BUMI SORIK MARAPI, KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL, PROVINSI SUMATRA UTARA." Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi 15, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47599/bsdg.v15i3.309.

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Daerah panas bumi Sorik Marapi di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Provinsi Sumatra Utara merupakan sistem panas bumi bertemperatur tinggi yang diduga dari karakteristik kimia air panas yang muncul di permukaan. Kehadiran mineral ubahan seperti epidot pada serbuk bor sumur eksplorasi memperkuat pendugaan temperatur reservoir yang mencapai 235⁰C. Karakteristik air panas bersifat lebih asam di sekitar fumarol dan mineral ubahan yang didapatkan dari sumur bor mencerminkan zona upflow sedangkan kelompok mata air panas berupa air klorida ber pH netral di sebelah utara dengan elevasi yang lebih rendah mencerminkan zona outflow sistem panas bumi di sini. Hal ini merupakan ciri khas aliran fluida panas yang terjadi di daerah panas bumi sistem vulkanik dengan morfologi terjal (steep terrain volcanic system) seperti halnya daerah Sorik Marapi.
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22

Wang, Cheng Lin, Chang Sheng Ai, and Guo Ping Li. "Optical Fiber Sensor System for Detecting the Steel Ball Surface Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.245.

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The design of the optical fiber sensor system is used to detect the steel ball surface roughness and defects with displacement change such as cracks, pits, bumps and so on. Experiment results show that the sensor can distinguish between surfaces with different roughness. By establishment of the equivalent evaluation standard for surface quality, the system could detect whether the steel ball surface quality is qualified.
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23

He, Wen Bin, Pan Zeng, and Feng Lin. "Finite Element Analysis for 40 MN Die Forging Press." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2322.

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40 MN multi-cored die forging press is a bi-directional loading press machine designed by Tsinghua University. The main frame is made by combination of multi-components through bumpy-ridge contact face and wound steel wire, which will supply a solidity support to bi-directional working load, i.e., the vertical and horizontal. Due to combination of multi-components (blocks), the main frame must be wound by the tensioned steel wire, which will endure a strong pre-stress. When die forging press works, the complex loading cases will appear,for instance, the vertical and horizontal loading, the compound and the eccentric loading. This paper addresses whole finite element analysis of 40 MN die forging press in various cases. Especial attention is paid to stress, displacement and safety coefficient on bumpy-ridge contact face of main frame.
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24

Schwanghart, Wolfgang, and Dirk Scherler. "Bumps in river profiles: uncertainty assessment and smoothing using quantile regression techniques." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 4 (December 7, 2017): 821–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-821-2017.

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Abstract. The analysis of longitudinal river profiles is an important tool for studying landscape evolution. However, characterizing river profiles based on digital elevation models (DEMs) suffers from errors and artifacts that particularly prevail along valley bottoms. The aim of this study is to characterize uncertainties that arise from the analysis of river profiles derived from different, near-globally available DEMs. We devised new algorithms – quantile carving and the CRS algorithm – that rely on quantile regression to enable hydrological correction and the uncertainty quantification of river profiles. We find that globally available DEMs commonly overestimate river elevations in steep topography. The distributions of elevation errors become increasingly wider and right skewed if adjacent hillslope gradients are steep. Our analysis indicates that the AW3D DEM has the highest precision and lowest bias for the analysis of river profiles in mountainous topography. The new 12 m resolution TanDEM-X DEM has a very low precision, most likely due to the combined effect of steep valley walls and the presence of water surfaces in valley bottoms. Compared to the conventional approaches of carving and filling, we find that our new approach is able to reduce the elevation bias and errors in longitudinal river profiles.
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25

Abdullah, Shahrum, and Ahmad Kamal Ariffin. "Accelerated Fatigue Tests of BS 080A42 Steel Using the WBE Mission Loadings." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1023.

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This paper describes the laboratory accelerated fatigue tests of BS 080A42 steel using the shortened variable amplitude (VA) loading produced by the Wavelet Bump Extraction (WBE) algorithm. In this study, a VA strain loading which was measured on the lower suspension arm of a vehicle while driven over a pavé road surface was used. The WBE shortened loading was validated based on the fatigue life comparison to the original loading using four strain-life fatigue damage models. Experimental fatigue tests were performed using a cylindrical shape specimen with the 6- mm gauge length smooth surface made from BS 080A42 steel. The experimental findings showed that the fatigue tests were accelerated from 78.8 hours to 32.5 hours, preserving at least 99% of the original fatigue damage in the mission loadings. Finally, it is suggested that the WBE algorithm is suitable for the application of automotive accelerated fatigue tests.
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26

Ivanov, Vadim, Anna Dyagileva, and Seroni Anyona. "Accounting for the Steel Lining Influence on the Results of Solid Rock Resistivity Probe from Development Working Boundary." E3S Web of Conferences 134 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913401008.

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When solving problems of predicting the hazards of solid rock bump and outburst in development and stope workings, the resistivity probe methods are often used, in particular, the four-probe method, in which electrodes are placed on the roof or the sill of the mine. The presence of steel lining in the mine significantly affects the measurement results until the complete collapse of electric field, so the electrodes are embedded into the rock. To obtain the true value of rock resistivity, it is necessary to make corrections due to the metal lining influence. This paper is devoted to the determination of these correction factors.
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27

Widodo, Achmad, Kriscahya R. A., and Djoeli Satrijo. "Perancangan Poros Turbin 5 Mw untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi." ROTASI 19, no. 4 (October 3, 2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.19.4.185-192.

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Poros turbin merupakan komponen utama turbin uap pada pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi yang berperan untuk mentransmisikan daya atau torsi ke poros generator yang terhubung padanya. Poros turbin didesain untuk mampu menerima beban-beban poros saat poros beroperasi fluktuasi daya pada siklus tertentu. Material yang digunakan pada poros adalah stainless steel karena poros bekerja pada kondisi lingkungan korosif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan desain poros yang memenuhi persyaratan kelayakan desain berupa ASME Code: Design of Transmission Shaft, AS1170.1, ANSI B4.1-1978 dan aman dalam menerima beban statik maupun dinamik. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk memodelkan dan analisis poros adalah Solidworks 2015 dan ANSYS 16. Konsep desain terdiri dari 6 model poros dengan variasi fillet dengan material Stainless Steel jenis AISI 410. Model poros 6 adalah desain poros yang dipilih karena tegangan Von Mises poros 124,49 MPa dengan faktor keamanan statik 2,48 dan tegangan geser maksimumnya senilai 66,01 MPa sudah memenuhi syarat kode ASME. Defleksi poros sebesar 1,3 mm memenuhi persyaratan AS1170.1 dengan ukuran interferensi radial yang digunakan sebesar 0,2 mm sesuai dengan ANSI B4.1-1978. Faktor keamanan lelah (fatigue) poros dari awal operasi sampai overhaul adalah 0,81. Meskipun demikian, diagram S-N menunjukkan bahwa umur poros berdasarkan siklus dari awal operasi sampai overhaul mencapai 2,9 x 105 siklus.
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Chen, Sitong, Xianhua Tang, and Jiawu Peng. "Existence and concentration of positive solutions for Schrödinger-Poisson systems with steep well potential." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 55, no. 1 (March 2018): 53–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/012.2018.55.1.1388.

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This paper is devoted to study the following Schrödinger-Poisson system where λ is a positive parameter, a ∈ C(R3,R+) has a bounded potential well Ω = a−1(0), b ∈ C(R3, R) is allowed to be sign-changing, K ∈ C(R3, R+) and f ∈ C(R, R). Without the monotonicity of f(t)=/|t|3 and the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz type condition, we establish the existence and exponential decay of positive multi-bump solutions of the above system for , and obtain the concentration of a family of solutions as λ →+∞, where is determined by terms of a, b, K and f. Our results improve and generalize the ones obtained by C. O. Alves, M. B. Yang [3] and X. Zhang, S. W. Ma [38].
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29

Wills, Beverley J. "The Infrared Spectra of Quasars - A Luminosity Dependence." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 124 (1987): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900159728.

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The IR-optical-UV continua of quasars are often represented by two components: (i) a flat spectrum component dominating in the optical-UV (the “Big Bump”) and sometimes attributed to thermal radiation from an accretion disk with temperatures of about 20000 to 40000 K - we will call it the “disk” component - and (ii) a near IR component characterized by a steep rise, α ∼ 1 for λ > 1 μm, often thought to be a synchrotron spectrum - an extrapolation of the cm or mm wavelength radio spectrum - although some have preferred an explanation in terms of thermal re-radiation of the ionizing continuum by hot dust (e.g., Hyland and Allen 1982, Neugebauer et al. 1979).
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30

YAN, Yongnian. "Overview of Heavy Prestressed Bumpy Ridge Joining Structure with Steel Wire Wound." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45, no. 11 (2009): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2009.11.306.

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31

Manoj, I. V., P. V. Srihari, Sadanand S. Kulkarni, K. Sarosh Kumar, and A. Bharatish. "Assessment of thermal effects on the levitation speed of bump foil bearings made of low cost spring steel." Measurement 92 (October 2016): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.06.053.

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32

Fadhila Wanda Hidayati, Dicky Jhoansyah, and R. Deni Muhammad Danial. "Analisis Model Altman, Model Zmijewski dan Model Ohlson Untuk Memprediksi Financial Distress." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains 2, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jiss.v2i2.179.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi tingkat financial distress pada PT. Krakatau Steel (persero) Tbk yang merupakan perusahaan BUMN atau Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang bergerak dibidang . Perusahaan BUMN membantu untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, setiap perusahaan bersaing untuk mendapatkan profit yang besar. Jika perusahaan tidak bisa mendapatkan profit perlu diketahui lebih dalam apakah kondisi keuangan perusahaan baik-baik saja atau mengalami suatu masalah. Kesulitan keuangan bisa saja meimpa perusahaan manapun dan jika tidak segera ditangani akan mengakibatkan perushaan mengalami kebangkrutan. Prediksi financial distress merupakan salah satu cara yang harus dilakukan perusahaan agar mengetahui kondisi keuangan perusahannya. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga model untuk memprediksi financial distress pada PT. Krakatau Steel (persero) Tbk. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan model altman PT. Krakatau Steel (persero) Tbk pada tahun 2012 berada di posisi grey zone, sedangkan dari tahun 2013-2018 perusahaan berada diposisi distress zone yang artinya perusahaan meglami kesulitan keuangan (financial distress). Pada model zmijewski, dari tahun 2012-2018 perusahaan dinyatakan tidak mengalami kebangkrutan meskipun perusahaan mengalami laba setelah pajak yang bernilai negatif, total utang yang meningkat juga kewajiban lancar yang mengalami kenaikan. Pada model ohlson, tahun 2012 perusahaan diprediksi mengalami kebangkrutan dan pada tahun 2013- 2018 perusahaan dinyatakan tidak mengalami kebangkrutan meskipun perusahaan mengalami total tang yang meningkat, menurunnya modal kerja perusahaan, serta laba yang didapat perusahaan bernilai negatif.
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33

Massa, D., and Blair D. Savage. "Measurements of Interstellar Extinction." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 135 (1989): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900125069.

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The results of interstellar extinction measurements from the near IR to the far-UV are reviewed. The average interstellar extinction curve for the diffuse cloud medium exhibits a nearly linear rise (in 1/λ) from 1 μm−1 to the 2.25 μm−1 “knee” in extinction where the slope changes. In the UV there is a pronounced extinction bump near 4.6 μm−1 (2175 å) followed by a broad minimum and a steep rise in extinction to the shortest wavelengths for which measurements exist. For wavelengths shortward of about 5500 å, the interstellar extinction curve exhibits considerable variation in shape from one sight line to another. In addition to strength variations, the width (FWHM) of the 2175 å extinction bump has been observed to vary by more than a factor of two from 360 to 770 å with the average width being 480 å. In contrast, the central position of the feature only varies from 2110 å to 2195 å with the average central position being 2175 å. The most extreme variations in extinction are found at far-UV wavelengths where E(λ – V)/E(B – V) has been found to range from 3 to 12.5 at 1250 A. In the last few years significant progress has been made in determining various empirical relationships among extinction parameters in the different wavelength regimes and in determining how extinction curve shape changes are influenced by the interstellar environment in which the dust resides. Those relationships are discussed.
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34

Rozaq, Abdul, and Latjuba Sofyana. "Penalaran Berbasis Kasus Untuk Menentukan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan." Jurasik (Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi dan Teknik Informatika) 4, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/jurasik.v4i1.112.

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Calculating land and building taxes requires a measure of land area and estimated costs when building a house. As such, tools are needed that can predict building material requirements appropriately and quickly. The CBR approach can be used to solve these problems, where the method is able to reason to solve problems based on existing cases as a solution to new problems. The system built in this study is a CBR system to determine the building material needs of a house. The consultation process is carried out by entering a new problem compared to the old case then the similarity value is calculated using the nearest neighbor. calculation with data on land area of 100 meter2, building area of 38 meter2, quality of type 2 building, 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom, lightweight steel roof truss and cast tile, then the accuracy value is 0.985 of type 38 from base case so that there is an earth tax and buildings amounting to Rp. 100,389.4. The test results of 111 data test cases, obtained 9 cases that have similarity values below 0.8
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LIU, Haixia. "Pillar and Arched Girder Totally Bumpy Ridge Joining Frame with Steel Wire Wound." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 47, no. 04 (2011): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2011.04.082.

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36

Wikström, M., T. Nylund, and M. Rigdahl. "Calendering of coated paper and board in an extended soft nip." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1997-12-04-p289-298.

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Abstract Several coated paper products were calendered at different line loads with an extended soft nip, a conventional soft (polymer/steel) nip and a hard (steel/steel) nip. The central roll of the calender was heated to different temperatures; 140, 180 and 210 oC with the extended soft nip, 140 oC with the conventional soft nip and 140 and 180 "C with the hard nip. Calendering with the extended soft nip resulted in general in a paper product with a more uniform structure than that obtained when the other two types of nips were used. This was reflected in lower gloss variations of the coated surface and in a lower variance in the reflectance of paper samples subjected to a bum-out treatment. The latter may be interpreted in terms of a more uniform pore structure in the coating layer. Offset prints on a coated woodfree paper chiendered with the extended soft nip were less mottled than prints on the same paper calendered with the conventional soft nip. There was apparently a correlation between the variance in the bum-out reflectance of the paper samples and the mottle in the offset print. The effect of the extended soft nip on gloss, print gloss, surface roughness and bending stiffness is also reported.
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37

West, Harry, and Michael Gallo. "Design Through Manufacture: A Computer-Aided Design Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls." Journal of Ship Production 6, no. 04 (November 1, 1990): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1990.6.4.247.

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A computer graphics based advisory system has been developed to aid in the design and manufacture of submarine hulls. The design and manufacture advisor incorporates models of the materials (steel) and processes (bump forming, roll bending, welding, and fixturing) used for the manufacture of the hulls, and allows the user to explore the effect of different material qualities (described in terms of variances of thickness and yield strength), and different manufacturing parameters (punch penetration, punch spacing, and number of fixtures, for example) on the resulting quality (circularity) of the hull section. By "designing through manufacture" in this way the resulting design of the submarine hull section is not just a geometric representation of the desired shape of the hull, but incorporates explicit information about the materials and processes used to create the shape, and of the quality that results from the designer's choice of materials and processes.
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38

O'Malley, Mary Pat. "‘Any lumps or bumps up top?’ The discourse of midwifery." TEANGA, the Journal of the Irish Association for Applied Linguistics 22 (July 17, 2019): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35903/teanga.v22i0.158.

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Traditionally, studies of interaction in medical settings have tended to focus almost exclusively on doctor-patient interaction with the activities and perspective of the medical professionals receiving the lion’s share of attention. As a result, the conversational activity of the patient or service-user has been obscured, and their role in the interaction left, with a few exceptions, largely undefined (Davis 1988, Metrustry 1993). This paper examines the interaction that takes place at a midwives’ antenatal clinic in a busy, urban Irish maternity hospital from the perspective of both participants. The visits of 22 women to this clinic were recorded over a five-month period. The women ranged in age from 18-39 years and from 16 weeks pregnant to 40 weeks and 10 days pregnant. Five midwives were involved in the study. Seventy-one visits to the clinic were recorded. Using an adaptation of Mishler’s (1984) approach to the analysis of medical discourse, the content of participants’ models for pregnancy and birth as revealed in the discourse are described. Key elements of the women’s model of pregnancy and birth include: their view of these events as integrated into their life as a whole, their subjective experience of these events, their orientation to the midwifery frame of reference, and their ability to challenge dominant cultural assumptions about birth in contemporary Irish society. Midwives were found to use a template of pregnancy and to compare the women they encounter at the clinic to this template. They have sets of expectations for women at different stages of gestation, for women who are pregnant for the first time, for women with experience of pregnancy, and for developments known as minor disorders of pregnancy. The attempts to make women to conform to the expectations set out by the model are visible in the discourse and frequently made explicit by the midwives. Both midwives and women are successful at introducing their model for pregnancy and birth. Ultimately, however, it is the midwifery model that prevails as the midwives, by virtue of their role as professionals in the interaction and the location of the interaction in an institutional context, can steer the conversation back into the world of midwifery. This results in the silencing of women’s perspective on pregnancy and birth and also results in preventing of a plurality of voices from emerging in the discourse.
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39

Holyoake, Alex J., and Jim N. McElwaine. "High-speed granular chute flows." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 710 (August 31, 2012): 35–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.331.

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AbstractThis paper reports experimental findings on the flow of sand down a steep chute. Nearly all granular flow models have a maximum value for the friction and therefore predict that flows on steep slopes will accelerate at a constant rate until the interaction with the ambient fluid becomes important. This prediction has not been tested by previous work, which has focused on relatively low slope angles where steady, fully developed flows occur after short distances. We test this by investigating flows over a much greater range of slope angles (30–50${}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $) and flow depths (4–130 particle diameters). We examine flows with two basal conditions, one flat and frictional, the other bumpy. The latter imposes a no-slip condition for slow, deep flows, but permits some degree of slip for high flow velocities. The data suggests that friction can be much larger than theories such as the $\ensuremath{\mu} (I)$ rheology proposed by Jop, Forterre & Pouliquen (Nature, vol. 441, 2006) suggest and that there may be constant velocity states above the angle of vanishing ${h}_{\mathit{stop}} $. Although these flows do not vary in time, all but the flows on the bumpy base at low inclinations accelerate down the slope. A recirculation mechanism sustains flows with a maximum mass flux of $20~\mathrm{kg} ~{\mathrm{s} }^{\ensuremath{-} 1} $, allowing observations to be made at multiple points for each flow for an indefinite period. Flows with Froude number in the range 0.1–25 and bulk inertial number 0.1–2.7 were observed in the dense regime, with surface velocities in the range 0.2–5.6 $\mathrm{m} ~{\mathrm{s} }^{\ensuremath{-} 1} $. Previous studies have focused on $I\lessapprox 0. 5$. We show that a numerical implementation of the $\ensuremath{\mu} (I)$ rheology does not fully capture the accelerating dynamics or the transverse velocity profile on the bumpy base. We also observe the transverse separation of the flow into a dense core flanked by dilute regions and the formation of longitudinal vortices.
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40

Tsukagoshi, Hideyuki, Nobuyuki Arai, Ichiro Kiryu, and Ato Kitagawa. "Tip Growing Actuator with the Hose-Like Structure Aiming for Inspection on Narrow Terrain." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 4 (July 5, 2011): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0516.

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This paper proposes a flexible hose-like fluid actuator to inspect narrow curved or bumpy terrain. The tip alone moves forward and the rest remains stationary, enabling the actuator to move smoothly without interfering with the outer environment – a concept based on the plant growth process. The actuator consists of multiple flexible flat tubes bent in the skin, whose bending point is involved in preventing fluid from passing through. The actuator can also steer the direction in which the tip lengthens, while the shape of the rest remains unchanged. Our Grow-hose-I prototype is 62 mm in diameter and grows at a maximum speed of 500 mm/s while producing a 45 N drive. The way of carrying a head unit equipped with a camera is discussed and feasibility of the actuator’s inspection on narrow terrain is demonstrated.
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41

Zhao, Hongze, Hairui Du, Zhigang Tao, and Zechen Lin. "Method and Mechanism of Dump Overlying the Bedrock with Large Dip Angle in Opencast Mine." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6632944.

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Dump in the steep area of the open-pit mine is essential for safe production. The bedrock with the bumpy-surface blasting method effectively improves the stabilization of the dumpsite. The effect of the ratio and dispersion degree on the deformation and failure of the dumping bench at the largely inclined area was analyzed. Based on the limit equilibrium method, the equation about the stability factor and the blasted region ratio was deduced. Virtual experiments were performed to address how the ratio and dispersion degree affect deformation and failure. The results showed that the stability factor is a quadratic function of the ratio of the blasted area. The increase in the ratio results in a drastic reduction of displacement, and the direction of displacement significantly changes. The rise in the dispersion degree effectively reduces the displacement and shear strain increment, and the failure mode changes. There is a specific value for the ratio and dispersion degree, making the displacement and shear strain increment little. The research on bumpy surface blasting in this paper provides the theoretical foundation for the dump construction at the site with the large dip angle.
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42

Nugroho, Anda, and Hidayat Amir. "Analisis Dampak Insentif Fiskal Penetapan Harga Gas Bagi Industri Domestik Terhadap Perekonomian: Pendekatan Model CGE Dinamis." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 2, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v2i1.322.

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AbstrakOptimalisasi pemanfaatan gas bumi untuk kebutuhan domestik terkendala oleh mahalnya harga gas yang sampai di tangan industri pengguna gas domestik. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan insentif fiskal berupa Perpres nomor 40 tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Harga Gas Bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis dampak dari insentif fiskal tersebut terhadap perekonomian nasional. Hasil simulasi dengan model Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Fiskal Dinamis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penetapan harga gas bumi tertentu dapat meningkatkan kinerja perekonomian nasional. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan GDP pada kisaran 0,12% - 0,13% pada jangka menengah. Pada sisi industri, harga input gas yang lebih rendah akan memangkas biaya produksi sehingga membuat output industri menjadi lebih murah kompetitif. Industri yang mengalami peningkatan output antara lain industri besi baja, industri pupuk, industri keramik, industri kaca, industri barang-barang dari karet, industri pulp & kertas, dan industri makanan & minuman.AbstractExpensive domestic gas price has constrained the natural gas utilization by the domestic industry. To deal with this situation, the government has issued fiscal incentives of Presidential Regulation number 40 of 2016 on the Natural Gas Price Regulation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the fiscal incentives to the economy. The Simulation result with Dynamic Fiscal CGE model shows that overall, the fiscal incentive will improve the performance of the national economy. The GDP increases in the range of 0.12% - 0.13% in the medium term. On the micro side, lower gas input prices will lower production costs, thus making industrial output cheaper and more competitive. The output of the following Industries are increasing: steel, fertilizer, ceramic, glass, rubber, pulp & paper, and food & beverage
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43

Nishimoto, Hiroyuki, Kenji Yamaguchi, Katsunori Kimura, Yoshiaki Suzuki, Kazutake Uehara, and Tsuyoshi Fujita. "Development of a Portable Optical Interferometry Microscope System." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.561.

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Optical interferometry methods are widely used for measuring microdisplacement with nanometer accuracy. However, most commercially available optical interferometry systems are large and expensive for manufacturing applications. In this study, we report the development of a low-cost portable optical interferometry microscope for factory use. The light source was a tungsten–halogen white lamp with an optical filter. The microscope has an objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.3, a magnifying power of 10, and field depth of 3.056 μm. Interference images were collected with an NTSC CCD-video camera. The resolution of the interference image is 320 × 240 pixels and stored in BMP format. To obtain phase shifted interferometry images, a piezoelectric actuator was used to monitor the table movement along the optical axis. The total cost of all system parts is approximately 7000 to 8000 US dollars. To evaluate the basic performance of the developed interferometry microscope, we measured a steel ball, the penetration mark of a Rockwell scale hardness indenter, and a gauge block surface with a bump. The developed interferometry microscope can measure continuous and gently sloping surfaces. The processing time is approximately 10–20 s.
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44

Hutter, Kolumban, Yongqi Wang, and Shiva P. Pudasaini. "The Savage–Hutter avalanche model: how far can it be pushed?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1832 (June 28, 2005): 1507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1594.

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The Savage–Hutter (SH) avalanche model is a depth-averaged dynamical model of a fluid-like continuum implementing the following simplifying assumptions: (i) density preserving, (ii) shallowness of the avalanche piles and small topographic curvatures, (iii) Coulomb-type sliding with bed friction angle δ and (iv) Mohr–Coulomb behaviour in the interior with internal angle of friction ϕ ≥ δ and an ad hoc assumption reducing the number of Mohr's circles in three-dimensional stress states to one. We scrutinize the available literature on information regarding these assumptions and thus delineate the ranges of validity of the proposed model equations. The discussion is limited to relatively large snow avalanches with negligible powder snow component and laboratory sand avalanches starting on steep slopes. The conclusion of the analysis is that the SH model is a valid model for sand avalanches, but its Mohr–Coulomb sliding law may have to be complemented for snow avalanches by a second velocity-dependent contribution. For very small snow avalanches and for laboratory avalanches starting on moderately steep and bumpy slopes it may not be adequate.
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45

Kline, S. M. "Model Reference Adaptive Control of a Tire Test Machine." Tire Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2139515.

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Abstract A typical tire endurance testing machine (TTM) is described and a new digitally controlled TTM is proposed. Currently TTMs normally use an analog PID-type servo loop to control the force with which a tire is pressed against a large turning road-wheel (radial load control). The camber angle and steer angle of the tire are both normally constant and zero. This type of system does not perform well with changing radial loads because the system dynamics are influenced by the tire's weight and spring constant which varies from tire to tire. Analog electronic control cannot adapt to these parametric changes but digital control can. In this paper a model reference adaptive controller is proposed. This type of control allows specific loading dynamics (the reference model) to be programmed independently of tire weight and spring constant. This enables the user to emulate a specific suspension system on a bumpy road simply by specifying the suspension dynamics and the changes in load.
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46

Widowati, Dewi, and Rahtika Diana. "INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS OF CSR IMPLEMENTATION AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AT PT KRAKATAU STEEL (PERSERO)." ICCD 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.v1i1.11.

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PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk or PTKS is one of the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) located in the city of Cilegon, Banten Province. As a strategic industry, This company is engaged in manufacturing the steel industry. PTKS conducts corporate social responsibility (CSR) aimed at empowering the surrounding community through the Partnership and Community Development Program (PKBL). By using the Stakeholder Theory and Relationship Management Theory, it shows that stakeholders must be considered by the company. Assuming that the company deals with many groups that affect the company's goals. It is emphasized the nature of a relationship in the process, and the output for the company and its stakeholders. Relational management theory is useful to explain how CSR and public relations can balance the interests of the organization with the public, so as to create a harmonious relationship between the company and the surrounding community. The research used qualitative approaches and interpretative analysis. The implementation of CSR and empowerment of the community carried out by PTKS through PKBL is relatively running in accordance with the provisions contained in the Decree of the Minister of SOEs No.236 of 2003. CSR activities continue to be carried out mainly in the micro and small business sector. Both soft loans (Partnership) and Community Development run by PKBL PT Krakatau Steel (Persero) Tbk has significant impact for growing their business.
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47

Dera, Santy. "Pengaruh pH Larutan Terhadap Nukleasi dan Pertumbuhan Kristal Barium Sulfat Didalam Pipa Beraliran Laminar: Pengamatan Kristal Menggunakan SEM-EDX dan XRD." Gorontalo Journal of Infrastructure and Science Engineering 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gojise.v1i2.490.

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Kerak barium sulfat merupakan kasus yang sangat umum terjadi di dalam industry minyak dan gas bumi. Adanya kerak ini mempengaruhi produksi minyak dan gas bumi, sehingga menimbulkan masalah teknis yaitu dapat menghambat laju alir, sehingga tekanan pada pipa akan semakin tinggi dan menyebabkan pipa akan pecah dan rusak. Hasil penelitian ini menyajikan tentang pengendapan kristal barit dibawah pengaruh nilai pH (6,8,10) larutan, konsentrasi Ba2+ (2500ppm, 3000ppm, 3500ppm) dan konsentrasi aditif asam lauric (5,10,20 ppm) dengan suhu konstan 300C dan laju alir 30ml/menit. Dalam kegiatan penelitian ini percobaan pengerakan BaSO4 di dalam pipa uji dilakukan dengan mereaksikan BaCL2.2H2O dan Na2SO4. Larutan dialirkan pada pipa beraliran laminar. Adapun pipa uji berisi lima kupon terbuat dari baja tahan karat (stainless steel). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penambahan zat aditif asam laurat dan meningkatnya nilai pH memperpanjang waktu induksi sehingga semakin lama terbentuknya inti kristal. Hal itu di akibatkan karena pH larutan mampu meningkatkan protonasi gugus asam karboksilat dari aditif sehingga mampu menghambat laju pertmbuhan kristal. Analisa SEM menunjukkan bahwa morfologi kristal BaSO4 berbentuk seperti bunga yang mengindikasikan bahwa bentuk kristal ini merupakan ciri khas kristal barit. Hasil analisis EDX menunjukkan bahwa elemen utama yang terbentuk pada sample adalah Ba, S, dan O. Sementara hasil analisis XRD memastikan bahwa kristal barium sulfat (barite), ini membuktikan kerak yang terbentuk adalah kristal barite sebagai kerak padat.
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48

Guangteng, G., P. M. Cann, A. V. Olver, and H. A. Spikes. "Lubricant Film Thickness in Rough Surface, Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Contact." Journal of Tribology 122, no. 1 (July 14, 1999): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.555330.

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A spacer layer imaging method has been employed to map lubricant film thickness in very thin film, rough surface, rolling elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts. A series of model roughnesses have been produced by depositing tiny ridges and bumps on a steel ball surface and the influence of these features on film thickness has been investigated at a range of rolling speeds. It has been shown that all the model surface features studied form speed-dependent, micro-EHD lubricating films, but the detailed shape and thickness of these films depends upon the geometry of the feature and the rolling speed. All model surface features also produce a net increase in mean film thickness, compared to the smooth surface, under operating conditions where the film thickness is less than the out-of-contact height of the surface feature studied. For a real, random, rough surface, however, mean film thickness is less than the smooth surface case. The film thickness mapping technique has also been used to measure the effective roughness of surfaces in lubricated contact. This shows that surfaces based on 2-D array of tiny circular bumps become rougher as the rolling speed and thus film thickness increases. However, real, rough surfaces appear to show a decrease of in-contact roughness with increasing rolling speed. [S0742-4787(00)01001-8]
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49

HE, Wenbin. "Fatigue Life Prediction of the Bumpy Ridge Joining of the Heavy Die Forging Press with Steel Wire Wound." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 51, no. 8 (2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2015.08.029.

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50

SYL, Isana, Dewi Yuanita, and Heru Pratomo. "PEMECAHAN MOLEKUL AIR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA TEPUNG UMBI DAHLIA (DAHLIA PINNATA)." Jurnal Sains Dasar 4, no. 2 (October 5, 2015): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v4i2.12121.

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Air dan limbah cair melimpah di bumi, sehingga pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber energi menjadikan tantangan tersendiri. Molekul air dapat dipecah menjadi gas-gas hidrogen dan oksigen dengan berbagai cara. Gas hidrogen merupakan bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan, yang layak menggantikan bahan bakar fosil, yang makin menipis persediaannya di alam, sehingga usaha-usaha yang berkaitan dengan penyediaan energi terbarukan perlu mendapat dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Proses elektrolisis telah lama dikenal, merupakan salah satu cara memecah molekul air menjadi gas-gas hidrogen dan oksigen, tetapi secara umum masih memiliki efektivitas rendah. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya-upaya peningkatan efektivitas elektrolisis, baik dari sisi elektroda maupun elektrolit yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan elektrolisis air dalam suasana basa dengan menggunakan NaHCO3, media tepung umbi dahlia dan elektroda kerja stainless steel. Metoda penelitian yang digunakan voltametri siklik dengan menggunakan alat voltameter eDAQ EChem, yang mampu menggambarkan alur tegangan dan arus yang digunakan selama elektrolisis. Adanya tepung umbi dahlia menyebabkan terjadinya covering di sekitar permukaan elektroda sehingga proses pemecahan molekul air menjadi terhambat. Covering optimum terjadi pada penambahan 9 gram tepung umbi dahlia per liter air.Kata kunci: pemecahan molekul air, voltamogram, umbi dahlia, stainless steel, covering
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