Journal articles: 'Bulk reconstruction'

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KHAN, FIRDOUS, SYED ASIF SHAH, HIFSA HAMEED, and Naji ullah Khan. "HEAD AND NECK RECONSTRUCTION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 02 (June 10, 2011): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.02.2092.

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Background: The pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicle flap (PMMPF) has been considered to be the "workhorse" of pedicled flaps in head and neck reconstruction. Despite the use of free flaps, this flap is still considered the mainstay of head and neck reconstruction. The flap is usually associated with a high incidence of complications compared with the free fasciocutaneous flaps yet its size, viability, and versatility make it a valuable tool for extending the limits of resectability and reconstruction. It is type V muscle flap with the dominant vascular supply from the pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery. Objective: To share our experience of pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicle flap in selected cases of head and neck reconstruction. The indications, type of reconstruction and complications of the flap utilization were evaluated. Patients and Methods: Between March 2005 and August 2010, a 37 head and neck reconstructive procedures using the PMMPF were carried out. The indications for the flap use were defects due to resection of stage II-IV cancer in the head and neck region. The site, stage of the disease and the postoperative complications were all documented. Results: Pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flap reconstructions were used to reconstruct defects in the following sites: oral cavity (25 patients); oropharynx/ hypopharynx, (7 patients); and neck or face (5 patients). Of the 37 PMMPF reconstructions, 30 flaps were carried out as primary reconstructive procedures, whereas 7 flaps were "salvage" procedures. Twentyfive patients (67.59%) had complications. A higher complication rates were associated with the utilization of the flap as a salvage procedure, number of co- morbidities, and in oral cavity reconstructions. Conclusions: The pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicled flap is still an acceptable method of head and neck reconstruction. It is fast, reliable, provides safe repair and is indicated especially where bulk is needed.

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Hooten, J. P., C. A. Engh, R. D. Heekin, and T. N. Vinh. "STRUCTURAL BULK ALLOGRAFTS IN ACETABULAR RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 78-B, no. 2 (March 1996): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.78b2.0780270.

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Singh, Christopher K., and David S. Geller. "Telescopic Mating Technique for Bulk Allograft Reconstruction." Orthopedics 35, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20120123-30.

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Engelhardt, Netta, and Gary T. Horowitz. "Towards a reconstruction of general bulk metrics." Classical and Quantum Gravity 34, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 015004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/34/1/015004.

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Pazardzhikliev, Dimitar D., Christo D. Shipkov, Ilya P. Yovchev, Regina H. Khater, and Ivailo S. Kamishev. "Functional reconstruction of subtotal glossectomy defects with radial forearm free flap: case report and review of literature." Folia Medica 54, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10153-011-0090-x.

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ABSTRACT Adequate reconstruction of defects that are consequences of glossectomy is of primary importance for achieving satisfactory functional results and improving the quality of life. AIM: The aim of this study was to report a case of free flap reconstruction of a subtotal glossectomy defect and discuss it in relation to other available methods. CASE REPORT: A 48- year-old woman was operated on for a T4N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. A subtotal glossectomy via mandibular swing procedure with bilateral supraomohyoid neck dissection and reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap (RFFF) was performed. Surgery was followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. RESULTS: The post-operative period was uneventful. The patient resumed intelligible speech evaluated as “excellent” and oral feeding. The donor site morbidity was acceptable. Present reconstructive options of the tongue include two categories: to maintain mobility or to provide bulk. In glossectomy with 30 to 50 percent preservation of the original musculature, maintaining the mobility of the remaining tongue by a thin, pliable flap is preferred. This can be achieved by infrahyoid myofascial, medial sural artery perforator flap, RFFF, anterolateral thigh and ulnar forearm flap. When the post-resectional volume is less than 30 percent of the original tongue, the reconstruction shifts to restoration of bulk to facilitate swallowing by providing contact of the neotongue with the palate. Flaps providing bulk include the free TRAM flap, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap, pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap and trapezius island flap. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of advanced tongue cancer requires adequate reconstruction with restoration of speech, swallowing and oral feeding. Free tissue transfer seems to achieve superior functional results with acceptable donor site morbidity when indicated.

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Lin, Ying-Sheng, Wen-Chung Liu, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Lee-Wei Chen, and Kuo-Chung Yang. "Peroneal Flap for Tongue Reconstruction." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 33, no. 06 (March 10, 2017): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599075.

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Background For large tongue defects, reconstructive surgeons have devised a variety of feasible options, such as radial forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. In our institution, peroneal flap has been the workhorse flap for the soft tissue defect in head and neck reconstruction. We present our experience using peroneal flap in tongue reconstruction. Patients and Methods The study included 47 patients who had undergone tongue reconstructions with peroneal flaps after tumor resection. The size and location of the defect after tumor resection determined whether the peroneal flaps could be harvested as pure septocutaneous flaps to solely reconstruct the neotongue or to carry an additional muscle bulk to fill the adjacent defect. Retrospective chart review was used to look for postoperative complications and to perform functional assessments (which were also performed through telephone inquiry). Results Of the 47 patients, 3 (6%) had flap failure and 1 (2.1%) had partial flap necrosis. The hemiglossectomy group had better results than the total glossectomy group with respect to speech and diet, but neither of these results reached statistical significance (p = 1.0 for speech and p = 0.06 for diet). The results of the subtotal glossectomy group were better than those of the total glossectomy group with respect to diet (p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were noted among the three groups with respect to cosmetic aspect (p = 0.64). Conclusions Considering its reasonable postoperative complication rates and functional results, peroneal flap can be considered a feasible option for tongue reconstruction.

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Yadav, Prabha. "Head and neck reconstruction." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 46, no. 02 (May 2013): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.118604.

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ABSTRACTWhatever is excisable, is reconstructable! "You excise, we will reconstruct" are the confident words of reconstructive surgeons today. Reconstruction with multiple flaps has become routine. Radial artery (FRAF), Antero lateral thigh (ALT) and Fibula osteo cutaneous flap (FFOCF) are three most popular free flaps which can reconstruct any defect with excellent asthetics and performance. Radial Artery provides thin, pliable innervated skin; ALT large amount of skin & bulk; and FFOCF strong 22 to 25 centimetres of bone and reliable skin paddle. Free flap survival has gone to 98% in most of the renouned institutes and is an established escalator in management of defects.

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Shikin, V. B. "Instability and reconstruction of a thin charged helium films." Journal de Physique IV 12, no. 9 (November 2002): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020433.

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Reconstruction of thin charged liquid films is discussed within of the multielectron dimple formation scenario. It is shown, that two multielectron dimples on bulk helium can form metastabile bound statc with the equilibrium dimple-dimple distance around capillary length. Such a property is a suitable indicator for the possibility of periodical bulk chat-ged liquid surface reconstruction. In the case of thin helium films dimple-dimple bound state don't exists. And therefore the periodical reconstruction becomes impossible.

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Gross, Jennifer H., Joseph Zenga, Jeffrey D. Sharon, Ryan S. Jackson, and Patrik Pipkorn. "Longus Capitis Reconstruction of the Soft Palate." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 161, no. 3 (May 14, 2019): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599819849031.

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Soft palate (SP) reconstruction remains a challenge for the head and neck reconstructive surgeon. One favorable local flap option is the longus capitis muscle (LCM), a deep neck flexor with redundant muscle function, appropriate bulk, and a relatively straightforward surgical harvest. A retrospective review of 3 patients with T2 to T4 tonsil squamous cell carcinoma requiring SP resection and LCM reconstruction at a single institution was performed. Three patients underwent primary transoral resection, all resulting in at least 50% full-thickness SP defects. Reconstruction comprised a superiorly based LCM local flap. Patients underwent adjuvant (chemo)radiation therapy as indicated. Within 3 to 8 months, each patient was tolerating a full oral diet with no dysphagia, nasal regurgitation, or velopharyngeal insufficiency. For select patients with SP defects, a superiorly based LCM flap may provide a functionally acceptable reconstruction with minimal donor site morbidity.

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Bao, Ning, ChunJun Cao, Sebastian Fischetti, and Cynthia Keeler. "Towards bulk metric reconstruction from extremal area variations." Classical and Quantum Gravity 36, no. 18 (August 20, 2019): 185002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab377f.

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Смолович, А. М. "Геометрооптический механизм восстановления волнового фронта." Журнал технической физики 128, no. 9 (2020): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.09.49866.338-20.

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The mechanism of wavefront reconstruction by a geometric-optical reflection of reconstructing light from surfaces with constant phase differences between the object and reference waves used to record the interference fringe structure in the medium bulk is analyzed. This mechanism is compared with the holographic one. Experiments in volume medium and in planar optical waveguide were carried out. Several types of achromatic optical elements are proposed. The optoacoustic focusing element, which can create a great local stress in a special shaped area inside the matter, is discussed. The possibility of the ultrashort pulse temporal reconstruction is demonstrated.

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WANG, C. P., S. K. KIM, F. JONA, D. R. STRONGIN, B. R. SHEU, and P. M. MARCUS. "CHEMICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TiAl(010) SURFACE." Surface Review and Letters 02, no. 02 (April 1995): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x95000200.

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The atomic structure of a clean (010) surface of the ordered binary alloy TiAl (with tetragonal bulk structure of the CuAu I type) is studied with quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (QLEED). Two different surface phases are found depending on the preparation procedure. After a cleaning step in vacuo by means of Ar-ion bombardments, anneals at 750−850°C produce a 2×1 surface and anneals at about 900° C produce a 1×1 surface. A QLEED intensity analysis of the 1×1 structure reveals the occurrence of chemical reconstruction, whereby the Ti atoms in the first layer exchange places with the Al atoms in the second layer. Thus, while any bulk (010) plane contains 50% Al and 50% Ti , the top atomic layer of a (010) surface contains 100% Al and the second atomic layer contains 100% Ti . Both layers are slightly buckled and the first interlayer distance is compressed about 7.1% while the second interlayer spacing is expanded about 7.4% with respect to the bulk value.

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Howes, P. B., K. A. Edwards, J. E. Macdonald, T. Hibma, T. Bootsman, M. A. James, and C. L. Nicklin. "The Atomic Structure of the Si(111)-Pb Buried Interface Grown on the ${\rm Si}(111)\mbox{-}(\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3})\mbox{-}{\rm Pb}$ Reconstruction." Surface Review and Letters 05, no. 01 (February 1998): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x98000311.

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The Si(111)-Pb interface is a prototypical metal-semiconductor interface and has been the subject of a number of experimental studies. The Schottky barrier height is known to depend on the initial reconstruction formed by the first monolayer of Pb atoms and we have previously shown that there are structural differences between the buried interfaces. We present surface X-ray diffraction measurements of the interface grown from the incommensurate [Formula: see text] reconstruction and show that, in contrast to the starting surface, the interface comprises the junction between unreconstructed, bulk-like Si(111) and disordered, bulk-like Pb(111). This interface is contrasted with the interface formed by growth on the Si(111)-(7 × 7)-Pb reconstruction at which the starting reconstruction is preserved.

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Gallego, S., C. Ocal, and F. Soria. "Surface and bulk reconstruction of Pt(111) 1 × 1." Surface Science 377-379 (April 1997): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(96)01320-9.

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Kim, Roderick Y., Momofiyin Sokoya, Fayette C. Williams, Tom Shokri, and Yadranko Ducic. "Role of Free Tissue Transfer in Facial Trauma." Facial Plastic Surgery 35, no. 06 (November 29, 2019): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700880.

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AbstractFor large composite traumatic defects of the head and neck, free tissue transfer presents a reconstructive allowing for the reconstitution of both form and function. Furthermore, the ability to provide bulk, soft, and hard tissue, as well as immediate dental rehabilitation, makes free tissue transfer an efficient and attractive option for head and neck reconstruction. Herein, we discuss the utility of free tissue transfer in facial trauma, its problems, complications, and controversies.

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Qiao, Yuxin, Huazhong Zhu, Huaping Zhong, and Yuzhe Li. "Stratified Data Reconstruction and Spatial Pattern Analyses of Soil Bulk Density in the Northern Grasslands of China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110682.

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The spatial pattern of soil bulk density in the grasslands of northern China largely remains undefined, which raised uncertainty in understanding and modeling various soil processes in large spatial scale. Based on the measured data of soil bulk density available from soil survey reports from the grasslands of northern China, we constructed a soil Stratified Pedotransfer function (SPTF) from the surface soil bulk density. Accordingly, the stratified bulk density data of soil vertical profile was reconstructed, and the estimation of soil bulk density data in horizontal space was performed. The results demonstrated that the soil bulk density of the grasslands of northern China was typically high in the central and northwestern regions and low in the eastern and mountainous regions. Mean soil bulk density of the grasslands was 1.52 g·cm−3. According to geographical divisions, the highest soil bulk density was observed in the Tarim basin, with mean soil bulk density of 1.91 g·cm−3. Conversely, the lowest soil bulk density was observed in the Tianshan Mountain area, with mean soil bulk density of 1.01 g·cm−3. Based on data obtained on various types of grasslands, the soil bulk density of alpine meadow was the lowest, with a mean soil bulk density of 0.75 g·cm−3, whereas that of temperate desert was the highest, with mean soil bulk density of 1.80 g·cm−3. Mean prediction error, root mean square deviation, relative error, and multiple correlation coefficient of soil bulk density data pertaining to surface layer (0–10 cm) in the grasslands of northern China were 0.018, 0.223, 16.2%, and 0.5386, respectively. The approach of employing multiple data sources via soil transfer function improved the estimation accuracy of soil bulk density from stratified soils data at the large scale. Our study would promote the accurate assessment of grassland carbon storage and fine land characteristics mapping.

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Syha, Melanie, Andreas Trenkle, Barbara Lödermann, Andreas Graff, Wolfgang Ludwig, Daniel Weygand, and Peter Gumbsch. "Validation of three-dimensional diffraction contrast tomography reconstructions by means of electron backscatter diffraction characterization." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 4 (July 18, 2013): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188981301580x.

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Microstructure reconstructions resulting from diffraction contrast tomography data of polycrystalline bulk strontium titanate were reinvestigated by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization. Corresponding two-dimensional grain maps from the two characterization methods were aligned and compared, focusing on the spatial resolution at the internal interfaces. The compared grain boundary networks show a remarkably good agreement both morphologically and in crystallographic orientation. Deviations are critically assessed and discussed in the context of diffraction data reconstruction and EBSD data collection techniques.

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Figueras, Marc, Anabel Jurado, Ángel Morales-García, Francesc Viñes, and Francesc Illas. "Bulk (in)stability as a possible source of surface reconstruction." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 34 (2020): 19249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03819a.

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A density functional theory-based study shows that surface energy stabilization reconstruction mechanisms of transition metal carbides and nitrides occur when featuring a crystal structure different from most stable polymorph, and driven by its instablity.

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Festa, Giulia, Enrico Perelli Cippo, Daniela Di Martino, Roberta Cattaneo, Roberto Senesi, Carla Andreani, Erik Schooneveld, et al. "Neutron resonance transmission imaging for 3D elemental mapping at the ISIS spallation neutron source." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 30, no. 3 (2015): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00384e.

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Seth, Akhil, and Matthew Iorio. "Super-Thin and Suprafascial Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flaps for Extremity Reconstruction." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 33, no. 07 (March 31, 2017): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1601422.

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Background The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap remains a workhorse for soft tissue reconstruction. However, the traditional ALT flap is often too bulky for resurfacing shallow, distal extremity defects, prohibiting adequate function, or well-fitted orthotics. This study evaluates extremity reconstruction using ALT flaps elevated in the suprafascial or super-thin plane. Methods Retrospective review of ALT free flap reconstruction from October 2014 to July 2016 was performed. Suprafascial and super-thin flaps were those elevated just above the crural fascia and within the superficial scarpal plane, respectively. Adjunct operative procedures, demographics, and complications were recorded. Results A total of 25 patients underwent suprafascial (n = 14) or super-thin (n = 11) ALT flap reconstruction for primarily lower extremity wounds (n = 19), with an average age and body mass index of 53.8 years and 26.3 kg/m2, respectively. Follow-up was 6.3 months. Comorbidities included smoking (n = 7), diabetes (n = 8), peripheral vascular disease (n = 6), and hypertension (n = 8). The presence of hardware (n = 9), trauma (n = 10), and chronic infection (n = 12) were common risk factors. Average flap size was 8.2 × 21.5 cm, with 64% (n = 16) taken on one perforator. Forty-eight percent (n = 12) were end-to-side anastomoses and 62% (n = 13) utilized one venous anastomosis. Mean hospital stay was 7.8 days with a 24% (n = 6) complication rate. There were no partial or complete flap losses. Conclusion The ALT flap, elevated in a suprafascial or super-thin plane, is a safe, effective option for extremity soft tissue reconstruction. The decreased flap volume and bulk provides the improved contour and pliability necessary for appropriate distal extremity function. The potential versatility of super-thin flaps reinforces the importance of continued innovation by reconstructive microsurgeons.

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Dunn, D. N., R. Ai, T. S. Savage, L. D. Marks, and K. L. Merkle. "Bulk defects as domain boundaries in surface reconstructions." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087410.

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Much of the study of reconstructed surfaces has been done with surface sensitive techniques that rarely allow the investigator to probe both the bulk and surface properties. As a result, not much has been written about the possiblity of bulk defects influencing the shape and position of domains on a reconstructed surface. With the recent advent of UHV microscopes with attendent surface science chambers connected, it has become possible to examine both the bulk and surface of a given sample and obtain a more complete picture of the surface reconstruction process. We have found in several investigations of Au (001) and Si (111) surfaces that bulk defects such as dislocations and stacking faults near the surface can act as boundaries for domains of a reconstructed surface.

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Funda, Tomas, Cherdsak Liewlaksaneeyanawin, and Yousry A. El-Kassaby. "Determination of paternal and maternal parentage in lodgepole pine seed: full versus partial pedigree reconstruction." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 9 (September 2014): 1122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0145.

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Estimating seed orchards’ maternal and paternal gametic contributions is of importance in assessing the genetic quality of seed crops. The advantage of full over partial pedigree reconstruction in investigating the mating dynamics in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud. ssp. latifolia Engelm.) seed orchard population (N = 74) was demonstrated using nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. We analyzed offspring of equivalent sample sizes representing full (bulk seed with unknown maternal and paternal parentage (n = 635)) and partial (11 maternal family arrays (n = 619)) pedigree reconstruction methods. Small differences in selfing rate, gene flow, and male reproductive success were observed between the two methods; however, the full pedigree reconstruction enabled simultaneous estimation of female-related fertility parameters (female reproductive success and effective number of maternal parents) that partial pedigree reconstruction could not provide. The use of bulk random sample of seed from orchards’ crops is recommended when male and female fertility parameters, as well as selfing and contamination rates, are needed for seed orchards’ seed crops genetic rating.

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Nagornov, Oleg V., Yuri V. Konovalov, and Vladimir Tchijov. "Reconstruction of past temperatures for Arctic glaciers subjected to intense subsurface melting." Annals of Glaciology 40 (2005): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813654.

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AbstractMany glaciers are subject to melting due to high summer air temperatures. Here, the presence of meltwater in the subsurface layers of the glacier bulk, and its subsequent percolation and refreezing are implemented in the calibration of a paleothermometer. Accounting for the melt feature index and the measured oxygen-isotope ratio allows for calibration of the paleothermometer and comparison of different climatic proxies. The results of reconstructions agree with previous reconstructions at the depth of attenuation of the seasonal climate signals, which supports the validity of the paleothermometer calibration. The sensitivity of the reconstruction to variations of the model parameters was also studied. It was found that most likely snow–firn sequence and temperature fields were subjected to significant change due to current warming. Temperature changes in the snow–firn thickness of Akademii Nauk (Severnaya Zemlya, Russian High Arctic) and Austfonna (Svalbard) ice caps exceed by ∼6˚C the average Arctic temperature anomalies for the last 150 years. The reconstruction of the past surface temperatures and the parameters of the subsurface heat source due to refreezing of meltwater lead to the conclusion that meltwater spreads inside two to four annual layers for Akademii Nauk and Austfonna ice caps, respectively.

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Petrov, Alexander, Vitaly Peshkov, and Alexander Petunin. "Industrial technologies of reconstruction of large-panel buildings of the 1-335 series." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821204009.

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Technological and constructive decisions of modernization and reconstruction of large-panel buildings of the first mass buildings are considered in the article. The technology of the reinforced concrete diaphragms of the building hardness brings the seismic stability of the building to the normative level. The technologies of erecting a building with bay windows, as well as the construction of attic floors by the method of mounting bulk units enlarged onto the span have been developed. The folding volumetric blocks and the technology of their installation are proposed. The analysis of reconstructive works in two variants showed their rationality and financial attractiveness in comparison with the dismantling of buildings.

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Nayak, Choubarga, and Santosh Kumar Swain. "Use of Temporalis Myofascial Flap in Maxillary Reconstruction." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 7, no. 2 (2014): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1200.

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ABSTRACT Maxillary ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm. Excision should involve wide margins because of its high recurrence rate and ideally be followed by reconstruction. A 23 year-old female patient presented with recurrent ameloblastoma. One year previously, she had undergone a curettage excision. The recurrent lesion was managed by a total maxillectomy preserving the inferior orbital rim. Simultaneous reconstruction was performed with an temporalis myofascial flap for obliteration of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavities. Reconstruction of mid facial defects after tumor resection or trauma has evolved from skin graft to pedicled flaps and more recently, to free tissue transfer. Each of these reconstructive modalities has its specific indications, advantages and drawbacks. Temporalis muscle is one of the regional flaps that can be used to reconstruct midfacial defects. The muscle is available close to the surgical field and has a constant vascular supply. However, the flap has a limited arc of rotation and most of the muscle bulk is used in the pedicle. Therefore, various modifications of the surgical procedure were attempted in order to increase the arc of rotation of the flap. The temporalis muscle flap can provide a reliable, one-stage reconstructive alternative for more complicated surgical procedures for moderate-sized midfacial defects. Dimensions and arc of rotation of the flap may be increased by using temporalis muscle and deep temporal fascia as a myofascial unit. How to cite this article Nayak C, Swain SK. Use of Temporalis Myofascial Flap in Maxillary Reconstruction. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):73-75.

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Saha, Sanghati, and Surajit Chattopadhyay. "Viscous generalised Chaplygin gas under the purview of f(T) gravity and the model assessment through probabilistic information theory." Physica Scripta 97, no. 4 (March 15, 2022): 045006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5af4.

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Abstract In this work we have reported a study on the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) in the presence of bulk viscosity. Reconstruction schemes have been demonstrated in Einstein and modified f(T) gravity framework 4(T is the torsion scalar) in interacting scenario and under the purview of viscous cosmological settings. Non-viscous cases have also been taken into account. The equation of state (EoS) parameter has been studied under the various circumstances and the stability of the models has been judged through the sign of squared speed of sound. The GCG interacting with pressure-less dark matter has been found to be behaving like quintom in presence of bulk viscosity and in non-viscous case a quintessence like behaviour has been reported. Finally, the reconstructed GCG comes out to be stable against small perturbations irrespective of the presence of bulk viscosity. Finally, the reconstruction scheme has been assessed using statistical analysis, Shannon entropy and Gaussian Mixture Model.

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Davis, Kyle P., Amy L. Fraser, Elizabeth O. Shay, and Michael W. Sim. "Pedicled Cervical Lymphoadipose Tissue for Volume Reconstruction after Superficial Parotidectomy." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574419.

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Volume restoration is often required after parotidectomy due to the resultant facial contour deformity. Common procedures include local pedicled flaps, such as the sternocleidomastoid muscle flap, fat grafting, and even autologous free flaps, for more extensive defects. Local pedicled flaps have the advantage of a single surgical site, which spares the patient the added morbidity of a separate fat graft donor site, while simultaneously reducing the operative time. We report two cases of a novel reconstructive option using pedicled level I and II cervical lymphoadipose tissue for volume restoration after superficial parotidectomy. This reconstruction would be useful for patients with benign parotid lesions and inferior parotid defects. In addition, with maintained blood supply to this tissue, it would likely provide sustained bulk over time.

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Baruah, Upasana, Apoorva Tak, Debabrata Barmon, and Dimpy Begum. "Vulvar reconstruction in post-RT case using the versatile VRAM flap: reporting the rare extrapelvic approach." BMJ Case Reports 16, no. 4 (April 2023): e254773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-254773.

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Although primary vulvovaginal reconstruction following vulvectomy has a significant chance of improving patient outcomes, flap reconstruction is not a recognised component of the accepted standard of care for vulvar cancer. We provide a case of a patient who underwent successful vulvar reconstruction using the extrapelvic vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap. This musculocutaneous flap offers adequate coverage and bulk to the perineal defect after excision in post-irradiated vulvar cancer.To proceed with sphincter-saving surgery, she was scheduled for neoadjuvant chemoradiation, as the lesion involved the urethra and perineal body. However, she experienced severe grade IV dermatitis after receiving 37 Gy of radiation. Though the lesion had reduced in size, it was still large enough to cause significant perineal deformity.We performed a vulvar reconstructive surgery using the uncommon but reliable extrapelvic VRAM flap. This well-vascularised VRAM flap is particularly useful in irradiated areas prone to poor healing. Postoperatively, the wound healed well and the patient underwent adjuvant therapy 6 weeks later. We emphasise the advantages of well-perfused muscle for the primary repair of prior irradiated perineal lesions.

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Dunn, D. N., J. P. Zhang, and L. D. Marks. "Reconstruction of the Au (001) surface." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 640–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087513.

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The Au (100) surface has been a widely studied surface producing a variety of reconstructions using several different techniques. LEED has determined the clean surface reconstruction to consist of (5x20)1 and (26x68)2 surface domains. More recently an ultra high vacuum transmission electron microscope study of small Au(001) crystallites has found a reconstructed surface with (28x5)3 slightly rotated surface unit cells. The common elements in all these studies seem to be that the ‘5’ dimension is a hard dimension and does not seem to vary from study to study save one. It is also generally accepted that this surface can be thought of as the an hexagonal layer superimposed on a bulk terminated surface. Generally the long dimension is representative of an average number taken from the analysis of many domains. We have found the Au (001) surface to reconstruct into (5xn) domains where the ‘5’ dimension is a hard dimension while the ‘n’ is a soft dimension ranging between 15 and 21.

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Nwaizu, Charles Chioma, Charles Chioma Nwaizu, Qiang Zhang, Christiana Iluno, Qiang Zhang, and Christiana Iluno. "3D Pore Structure Characterization of Stored Grain Bed." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 38, no. 6 (2022): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15133.

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Highlights An image analysis for reconstruction of 3D pore structure within bulk grain was presented. Mathematical models for porosity and tortuosity were developed from the 3D reconstructed images. The mathematical models can be incorporated in computational model of flow through bulk grains. Abstract. An image analysis technique for reconstruction of the complex 3D pore structure within bulk grain from 2D section images was presented. The technique relies on aligning successive 2D images of cut-sections obtained from colored-wax solidified soybean grain beds, which were then subjected to image processing using ImageJ software developed by the National Institute of Health (NIH, Bethesda, Md.) for the reconstruction and visualization of different airflow paths within the bulk grain. Porosity and tortuosity values were quantified from the 3D image volume and 3D reconstructed inter-connected airflow paths to develop empirical mathematical models for predicting porosity and tortuosity as a function of compaction due to the pressure exerted by the grain depth. Results indicated that the rate of decrease in porosity was higher at the lower compaction grain depth and then gradually approached a minimum value as the compaction grain depth increased. At the top of the compacted grain, the porosity of the tested soybean bed was determined to be 0.42 and reduced to 0.34 at a compaction pressure of 14.2 kPa (equivalent to a compaction grain depth of 25 m). Tortuosity increased with the compaction pressure from 1.15 to 1.58 at a compaction pressure of 14.2 kPa (equivalent to 25 m of grain depth), or by 37.4%. Keywords: Grain bed, Image analysis, Pore structure, Porosity, Tortuosity.

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Zhang, Yongbin, Zhaolu Wang, Nan Huang, and Hongjun Liu. "Magneto-optically reorientation-induced image reconstruction in bulk nematic liquid crystals." Optics Express 29, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 17581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.425642.

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Kong, Jaemin, In-Wook Hwang, and Kwanghee Lee. "Top-Down Approach for Nanophase Reconstruction in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells." Advanced Materials 26, no. 36 (July 17, 2014): 6275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201402182.

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Ren, Yu, Zuwei Liao, Jingyuan Sun, Binbo Jiang, Jingdai Wang, Yongrong Yang, and Qing Wu. "Molecular Reconstruction of Naphtha via Limited Bulk Properties: Methods and Comparisons." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58, no. 40 (September 16, 2019): 18742–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03290.

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Pingarron, Lorena, Julian Ruiz, Juan Rey, Lourdes Maniegas, Silvia Roson, and Dolores Martinez. "Subclavicular Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap for Optimal Reconstruction of Large Orbitozygomatic Defects: A Case Report." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 7, no. 3 (September 2014): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1371975.

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Since the introduction of microvascular free flaps, the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) has been relegated to background for most reconstructive surgeons. The objective of this article is to show the advantages of cervicofacial defects reconstruction with PMMF using the subclavicular plane route in a challenging clinical case. An 83-year-old man presented with cutaneous temporomalar lesion with orbital spread. Tumor resection was performed, including 12 × 11 cm skin and subcutaneous tissue, overlying zygomatic and malar bone, and orbital exenteration. Radical parotidectomy and functional neck dissection were performed. PMMF was chosen as reconstructive option routing the pedicle to the subclavicular plane. The length of the pedicle was 31 cm. The subclavicular route for PMMF increases the flap's length and arc of rotation compared with the conventional supraclavicular one. This procedure decreases the bulk of the PMMF pedicle which makes it functionally and cosmetically favorable. By using this modification, we may widen the “safe” reconstructive possibilities.

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Yan, Zhuo, Wenbo Chen, Wenhe Jin, Yaying Sun, Jiangyu Cai, Kai Gu, Ruixin Mi, Ni Chen, Shiyi Chen, and Zhengzhong Shao. "An interference screw made using a silk fibroin-based bulk material with high content of hydroxyapatite for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a rabbit model." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9, no. 26 (2021): 5352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb01006a.

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A SF bulk interference screw with high content of hydroxyapatite (HA) showing proper mechanical properties, satisfactory cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity was generated for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a rabbit model.

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Pick, Štěpán. "On the geometry of d-orbitals: W (001) surface." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 4 (1988): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880661.

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Low-order moment analysis of the W (001) surface reconstruction leads to the following conclusions: 1) The d-orbitals participate in the reconstruction-induced surface-surface coupling, the effect being most pronounced for the x2 - y2 orbital. 2) A non-negligible surface-bulk coupling exists and it is due to the (x - y) z orbital. An additional mechanism favouring the zig-zag mode is suggested.

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Johnson, O. Kenneth, and Kapil Sharma. "Ameloblastoma resection with immediate rib reconstruction: addressing the problem of mandibular angle and central bone bulk." Tropical Doctor 47, no. 4 (March 16, 2017): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475517698869.

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Several methods are available to treat mandibular tumours. This case series demonstrates the feasibility of resection and immediate reconstruction with free rib graft in limited resource settings. Innovative technical modifications are described to handle the problem of reconstruction of the angle of the mandible and to provide increased bone bulk in the centre of the mandible. Early postoperative complications are few. Follow-up demonstrates good functional results.

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Miao, Yang, Changan Li, Zhan Li, Yipeng Yang, and Xinghu Yu. "A novel algorithm of ship structure modeling and target identification based on point cloud for automation in bulk cargo terminals." Measurement and Control 54, no. 3-4 (February 15, 2021): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294021992804.

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Achieving port automation of machinery at bulk terminals is a challenging problem due to the volatile operation environments and complexity of bulk loading compared to the situations in container terminals. In order to facilitate port automation, we present a method of hull modeling (reconstruction of hull’s structure) and operation target (cargo holds under loading) identification based on 3D point cloud collected by Laser Measurement System mounted on the ship loader. In the hull modeling algorithm, we incrementally register pairs of point clouds and reconstruct the 3D structure of bulk ship’s hull blocks in details through process of encoder data of the loader, FPFH feature matching and ICP algorithm. In the identification algorithm, we project real-time point clouds of the operation zone to spherical coordinate and transforms the 3D point clouds to 2D images for fast and reliable identification of operation target. Our method detects and complements four edges of the operation target through process of the 2D images and estimates both posture and size of operation target in the bulk terminal based on the complemented edges. Experimental trials show that our algorithm allows us to achieve the reconstruction of hull blocks and real-time identification of operation target with high accuracy and reliability.

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Dibbs, Rami, Luke Grome, and William Pederson. "Free Tissue Transfer for Upper Extremity Reconstruction." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 33, no. 01 (February 2019): 017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677702.

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AbstractWith the advent of the Industrial Revolution, traumatic injuries of the upper extremity increased exponentially. As a result, surgeons began to reevaluate amputation as the standard of care. Following the Second World War, local and regional pedicled flaps became common forms of traumatic upper extremity reconstruction. Today, microsurgery offers an alternative when options lower on the reconstructive ladder have been exhausted or will not produce a desirable result. In this article, the authors review the use of free tissue transfer for upper extremity reconstruction. Flaps are categorized as fasciocutaneous, muscle, and functional tissue transfers. The thin pliable nature of fasciocutaneous flaps makes them ideal for aesthetically sensitive areas, such as the hand. The radial forearm, lateral arm, scapula, parascapular, anterolateral thigh, and temporoparietal fascia flaps are highlighted in this article. Muscle flaps are utilized for their bulk and size; the latissimus dorsi flap serves as a “workhorse” free muscle flap for upper extremity reconstruction. Other muscle flaps include the rectus abdominis and serratus anterior. Lastly, functional tissue transfers are used to restore active range of motion or bony integrity to the upper extremity. The innervated gracilis can be utilized in the forearm to restore finger flexion or extension. Transfer of vascularized bone such as the fibula may be used to correct large defects of the radius or ulna. Finally, replacement of “like with like” is embodied in toe-to-thumb transfers for reconstruction of digital amputations.

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De Luca, Francesco, Giulio Garaffa, Angela Maurizi, Emy Manzi, Carlo De Dominicis, and David Ralph. "Total phallic reconstruction after penile amputation for donkey bite: Case report and review of the literature." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 89, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2017.2.166.

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There are very few reported cases of traumatic amputation of the male genitalia due to animal bite. The management involves thorough washout of the wounds, debridement, antibiotic prophylaxis, tetanus and rabies immunization followed by immediate reconstruction or primary wound closure with delayed reconstruction, when immediate reconstruction is not feasible. When immediate reconstruction is not feasible, long-term good functional and cosmetic results are still possible in the majority of cases by performing total phallic reconstruction. In particular, it is now possible to fashion a cosmetically acceptable sensate phallus with incorporated neourethra, to allow the patient to void while standing and to ejaculate, and with enough bulk to allow the insertion of a penile prosthesis to guarantee the rigidity necessary to engage in penetrative sexual intercourse.

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Fan, Ke, Haiyuan Zou, N. V. R. Aditya Dharanipragada, Lizhou Fan, A. Ken Inge, Lele Duan, Biaobiao Zhang, and Licheng Sun. "Surface and bulk reconstruction of CoW sulfides during pH-universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 18 (2021): 11359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta01177d.

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Ordon, K., A. Kassiba, and M. Makowska-Janusik. "Electronic, optical and vibrational features of BiVO4 nanostructures investigated by first-principles calculations." RSC Advances 6, no. 112 (2016): 110695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra20605k.

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Numerical models based on DFT and semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations were developed for bulk and nano-sized BiVO₄ semiconducting oxide. Importance of surface reconstruction for electronic and vibrational properties was shown.

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Gupta, A., T. Biswas, and A. K. Singh. "Anomalous stability of non-van der Waals bonded B₄C nanosheets through surface reconstruction." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 24 (December 28, 2022): 244304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123687.

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Boron carbide (B[Formula: see text]C) has been well studied both theoretically and experimentally in its bulk form due to its exceptional hardness and use as a high-temperature thermoelectric. However, the properties of its two-dimensional nanosheets are not well established. In this paper, using van der Waals-corrected density-functional theory simulations, we show that bulk B[Formula: see text]C can be cleaved along different directions to form B[Formula: see text]C nanosheets with low formation energies. We find that there is minimal dependence of formation energies on cleavage planes and surface terminations, even though the bulk is not van der Waals layered. This anomalous stability of B[Formula: see text]C nanosheets is found to be a result of surface reconstructions that are unique to B-rich systems. While the density of states of the bulk B[Formula: see text]C indicate that it is a semiconductor, the B[Formula: see text]C nanosheets are found to be predominantly metallic. We attribute this metallic behavior to a redistribution of charges on the surface bonds of the films. The Seebeck coefficients of the B[Formula: see text]C films remain comparable to those of the bulk and are nearly constant as a function of temperature. Our results provide guidance for experimental synthesis efforts and future application of B[Formula: see text]C nanosheets in nanoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.

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Aaronson, Scott, and Jason Pollack. "Discrete bulk reconstruction." Journal of High Energy Physics 2023, no. 4 (April 11, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep04(2023)037.

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Abstract According to the AdS/CFT correspondence, the geometries of certain spacetimes are fully determined by quantum states that live on their boundaries — indeed, by the von Neumann entropies of portions of those boundary states. This work investigates to what extent the geometries can be reconstructed from the entropies in polynomial time. Bouland, Fefferman, and Vazirani (2019) argued that the AdS/CFT map can be exponentially complex if one wants to reconstruct regions such as the interiors of black holes. Our main result provides a sort of converse: we show that, in the special case of a single 1D boundary divided into N “atomic regions”, if the input data consists of a list of entropies of contiguous boundary regions, and if the entropies satisfy a single inequality called Strong Subadditivity, then we can construct a graph model for the bulk in linear time. Moreover, the bulk graph is planar, it has O(N2) vertices (the information-theoretic minimum), and it’s “universal”, with only the edge weights depending on the specific entropies in question. From a combinatorial perspective, our problem boils down to an “inverse” of the famous min-cut problem: rather than being given a graph and asked to find a min-cut, here we’re given the values of min-cuts separating various sets of vertices, and need to find a weighted undirected graph consistent with those values. Our solution to this problem relies on the notion of a “bulkless” graph, which might be of independent interest for AdS/CFT. We also make initial progress on the case of multiple 1D boundaries — where the boundaries could be connected via wormholes — including an upper bound of O(N4) vertices whenever an embeddable bulk graph exists (thus putting the problem into the complexity class NP).

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Kajuri, Nirmalya. "Lectures on bulk reconstruction." SciPost Physics Lecture Notes, February 2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21468/scipostphyslectnotes.22.

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If the AdS/CFT conjecture holds, every question about bulk physics can be answered by the boundary CFT. But we still don't know how to translate all the questions about bulk physics to questions about the boundary CFT. Completing this bulk-boundary dictionary is the aim of the bulk reconstruction program, which we review in these lectures. We cover the HKLL construction, bulk reconstruction in AdS/Rindler, mirror operator construction of Papadodimas and Raju, and the Marolf-Wall paradox. These notes are based on lectures given at ST4 2018.

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Aoki, Sinya, and János Balog. "HKLL bulk reconstruction for small ∆." Journal of High Energy Physics 2022, no. 2 (February 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep02(2022)015.

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Abstract We discuss the extension of the HKLL (Hamilton, Kabat, Lifschytz, and Lowe) bulk reconstruction for non-interacting scalar fields corresponding to conformal weights ∆ smaller than the original condition ∆ > d − 1. We give explicit formulas for the cases d − 2 < ∆ ≤ d − 1 and ∆ = d − s with integer s. In the latter case we show that smearing CFT fields over a region of the boundary consisting of points light-like separated from the bulk point is sufficient for bulk reconstruction, whereas in general smearing over all light-like and space-like separated points is required.

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Lombardo, G., H. Ayeb, F. Ciuchi, M. P. De Santo, R. Barberi, R. Bartolino, E. G. Virga, and G. E. Durand. "Inhomogeneous bulk nematic order reconstruction." Physical Review E 77, no. 2 (February 20, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.77.020702.

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48

Gesteau, Elliott, and Monica Jinwoo Kang. "Nonperturbative gravity corrections to bulk reconstruction." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, August 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/acef7d.

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Abstract We introduce a new algebraic framework for understanding nonperturbative gravitational aspects of bulk reconstruction with a ﬁnite or inﬁnite-dimensional boundary Hilbert space. We use relative entropy equivalence between bulk and boundary with an inclusion of nonperturbative gravitational errors, which give rise to approximate recovery. We utilize the privacy/correctability correspondence to prove that the reconstruction wedge, the intersection of all entanglement wedges in pure and mixed states, manifestly satisﬁes bulk reconstruction. We explicitly demonstrate that local operators in the reconstruction wedge of a given boundary region can be recovered in a state-independent way for arbitrarily large code subspaces, up to nonperturbative errors in GN. We further discuss state-dependent recovery beyond the reconstruction wedge and the use of the twirled Petz map as a universal recovery channel. We discuss our setup in the context of quantum islands and the information paradox.

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Terashima, Seiji. "Simple Bulk Reconstruction in AdS/CFT Correspondence." Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, April 25, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptad054.

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Abstract In this paper, we show that the bulk reconstruction in the AdS/CFT correspondence is rather simple and has an intuitive picture, by showing that the HKLL bulk reconstruction formula can be simplified. We also reconstruct the wave packets in the bulk theory from the CFT primary operators. With these wave packets, we discuss the causality and duality constraints and find our picture is only the consistent one. Our picture of the bulk reconstruction can be applied to the asymptotic AdS spacetime.

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Grimm, Thomas W., Jeroen Monnee, and Damian van de Heisteeg. "Bulk reconstruction in moduli space holography." Journal of High Energy Physics 2022, no. 5 (May 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep05(2022)010.

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Abstract It was recently suggested that certain UV-completable supersymmetric actions can be characterized by the solutions to an auxiliary non-linear sigma-model with special asymptotic boundary conditions. The space-time of this sigma-model is the scalar field space of these effective theories while the target space is a coset space. We study this sigma-model without any reference to a potentially underlying geometric description. Using a holographic approach reminiscent of the bulk reconstruction in the AdS/CFT correspondence, we then derive its near-boundary solutions for a two-dimensional space-time. Specifying a set of Sl(2, ℝ) boundary data we show that the near-boundary solutions are uniquely fixed after imposing a single bulk-boundary matching condition. The reconstruction exploits an elaborate set of recursion relations introduced by Cattani, Kaplan, and Schmid in the proof of the Sl(2)-orbit theorem. We explicitly solve these recursion relations for three sets of simple boundary data and show that they model asymptotic periods of a Calabi-Yau threefold near the conifold point, the large complex structure point, and the Tyurin degeneration.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bulk reconstruction'

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