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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bulk Graphene

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bulk Graphene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bulk Graphene"

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Simionescu, Octavian-Gabriel, Andrei Avram, Bianca Adiaconiţă, Petruţa Preda, Cătălin Pârvulescu, Florin Năstase, Eugen Chiriac, and Marioara Avram. "Field-Effect Transistors Based on Single-Layer Graphene and Graphene-Derived Materials." Micromachines 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2023): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14061096.

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The progress of advanced materials has invoked great interest in promising novel biosensing applications. Field-effect transistors (FETs) are excellent options for biosensing devices due to the variability of the utilized materials and the self-amplifying role of electrical signals. The focus on nanoelectronics and high-performance biosensors has also generated an increasing demand for easy fabrication methods, as well as for economical and revolutionary materials. One of the innovative materials used in biosensing applications is graphene, on account of its remarkable properties, such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, potent mechanical properties, and high surface area to immobilize the receptors in biosensors. Besides graphene, other competing graphene-derived materials (GDMs) have emerged in this field, with comparable properties and improved cost-efficiency and ease of fabrication. In this paper, a comparative experimental study is presented for the first time, for FETs having a channel fabricated from three different graphenic materials: single-layer graphene (SLG), graphene/graphite nanowalls (GNW), and bulk nanocrystalline graphite (bulk-NCG). The devices are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and I-V measurements. An increased electrical conductance is observed for the bulk-NCG-based FET, despite its higher defect density, the channel displaying a transconductance of up to ≊4.9×10−3 A V−1, and a charge carrier mobility of ≊2.86×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, at a source-drain potential of 3 V. An improvement in sensitivity due to Au nanoparticle functionalization is also acknowledged, with an increase of the ON/OFF current ratio of over four times, from ≊178.95 to ≊746.43, for the bulk-NCG FETs.

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Englert, Jan M., Christoph Dotzer, Guang Yang, Martin Schmid, Christian Papp, J. Michael Gottfried, Hans-Peter Steinrück, Erdmann Spiecker, Frank Hauke, and Andreas Hirsch. "Covalent bulk functionalization of graphene." Nature Chemistry 3, no. 4 (March 20, 2011): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1010.

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Quintana, Mildred, Alejandro Montellano, Antonio Esau del Rio Castillo, Gustaaf Van Tendeloo, Carla Bittencourt, and Maurizio Prato. "Selective organic functionalization of graphene bulk or graphene edges." Chemical Communications 47, no. 33 (2011): 9330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cc13254g.

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Tian, Leilei, Xin Wang, Li Cao, Mohammed J. Meziani, Chang Yi Kong, Fushen Lu, and Ya-Ping Sun. "Preparation of Bulk13C-Enriched Graphene Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/742167.

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Arc-discharge has been widely used in the bulk production of various carbon nanomaterials, especially for structurally more robust single-walled carbon nanotubes. In this paper, the same bulk-production technique was applied to the synthesis of significantly13C-enriched graphitic materials, from which graphene oxides similarly enriched with13C were prepared and characterized. The results demonstrate that arc-discharge is a convenient method to produce bulk quantities of13C-enriched graphene materials from relatively less expensive precursors (largely amorphous13C powders).

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Ji, Qianyu, Bowen Wang, Yajuan Zheng, Fanguang Zeng, and Bingheng Lu. "Field emission performance of bulk graphene." Diamond and Related Materials 124 (April 2022): 108940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2022.108940.

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Feng, Xiayu, Wufeng Chen, and Lifeng Yan. "Electrochemical reduction of bulk graphene oxide materials." RSC Advances 6, no. 83 (2016): 80106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17469h.

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Abramov, A. S., D. A. Evseev, I. O. Zolotovskii, and D. I. Sementsov. "Dispersion of Bulk Waves in a Graphene–Dielectric–Graphene Structure." Optics and Spectroscopy 126, no. 2 (February 2019): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x19020024.

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Che, Yongli, Guizhong Zhang, Yating Zhang, Xiaolong Cao, Mingxuan Cao, Yu Yu, Haitao Dai, and Jianquan Yao. "Solution-processed graphene phototransistor functionalized with P3HT/graphene bulk heterojunction." Optics Communications 425 (October 2018): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.04.058.

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Endoh, Norifumi, Shoji Akiyama, Keiichiro Tashima, Kento Suwa, Takamasa Kamogawa, Roki Kohama, Kazutoshi Funakubo, et al. "High-Quality Few-Layer Graphene on Single-Crystalline SiC thin Film Grown on Affordable Wafer for Device Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020392.

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Graphene is promising for next-generation devices. However, one of the primary challenges in realizing these devices is the scalable growth of high-quality few-layer graphene (FLG) on device-type wafers; it is difficult to do so while balancing both quality and affordability. High-quality graphene is grown on expensive SiC bulk crystals, while graphene on SiC thin films grown on Si substrates (GOS) exhibits low quality but affordable cost. We propose a new method for the growth of high-quality FLG on a new template named “hybrid SiC”. The hybrid SiC is produced by bonding a SiC bulk crystal with an affordable device-type wafer and subsequently peeling off the SiC bulk crystal to obtain a single-crystalline SiC thin film on the wafer. The quality of FLG on this hybrid SiC is comparable to that of FLG on SiC bulk crystals and much higher than of GOS. FLG on the hybrid SiC exhibited high carrier mobilities, comparable to those on SiC bulk crystals, as anticipated from the linear band dispersions. Transistors using FLG on the hybrid SiC showed the potential to operate in terahertz frequencies. The proposed method is suited for growing high-quality FLG on desired substrates with the aim of realizing graphene-based high-speed devices.

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KUMAR, AMIT, J. M. POUMIROL, W. ESCOFFIER, M. GOIRAN, B. RAQUET, and J. M. BROTO. "ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE, FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE, AND BULK GRAPHITE UNDER VERY HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 01n02 (February 2011): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11007703.

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In the present work, we report on the magneto-transport properties of graphitic based materials (graphene, few-layer graphene, and bulk graphite) in very high magnetic field. Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) has been studied in graphitic systems in very high pulsed magnetic field (up to B = 57 T ) and at low temperature (≤ 4 K). Graphene sample shows well-defined Hall resistance plateaus at filling factors v = 2,6,10, etc. Few-layer graphene systems display clear signatures of standard and unconventional QHE. Magneto-transport studies on bulk highly oriented pyrolytic graphite show a charge density wave transition at strong enough magnetic field as well as Hall coefficient sign reversal.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bulk Graphene"

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Yu, Fei. "Graphene-enhanced Polymer Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439310775.

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Li, Yangdi. "Innovative synthesis and characterization of large h-BN single crystals : From bulk to nanosheets." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI025/document.

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Au cours des dernières décennies, en raison de sa stabilité́ chimique et thermique exceptionnelle associée à son caractère isolant, le nitrure de bore hexagonal sous forme de nanofeuillets (BNNSs) trouve un grand intérêt dans de nombreuses applications. En effet, il est sérieusement envisagé l’utilisation de ces nanomatériaux comme support de graphene ou pour la fabrication d’hétérostructures horizontales utilisables dans le domaine de la microélectronique pour des applications de nouvelle génération. Il existe deux grandes voies de synthèse de ces nanostructures 2D de h-BN, par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD), ou par exfoliation d’un monocristal. Dans le but de préparer des BNNS de grande qualité́ chimique et cristalline, notre groupe propose une nouvelle stratégie de synthèse en associant la voie polymère précéramique (PDC) à des techniques de frittage, par Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) et Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Premièrement, le comportement thermique du précurseur précéramique, le polyborazilène (PBN) a été étudié en conditions dynamiques in-situ. Il a ainsi été mis en évidence, le rôle bénéfique du promoteur de cristallisation (Li3N) sur la qualité cristalline du matériau final. Cependant, une étape de frittage complémentaire reste obligatoire pour parfaire la structuration cristalline du h-BN. Premièrement, un procédé́ de frittage par SPS a été mis en œuvre. Dans cette étude, ont été particulièrement étudiés l’influence de la température de frittage (1200-1950°C) ainsi que la teneur en promoteur de cristallisation (0-10% mass.) sur la qualité cristalline du matériau final. Après optimisation des conditions de synthèse, des pastilles de h-BN composées d’une grande quantité de plaquettes monocristallines de taille d’environ 200 μm2 ont été obtenues. Les caractérisations de ces monocristaux attestent d'une haute qualité́ chimique et cristalline, même si des impuretés, sans doutes dues à l’environnement en graphite dans le SPS, sont détectées par cathodoluminescence. Enfin, des mesures physiques montrent que les BNNSs préparés présentent une constante diélectrique intéressante de 3,9, associée à une résistance diélectrique correcte de 0,53 V/nm. Afin d’augmenter encore la taille des monocristaux préparés, un second procédé́ de frittage, par HIP, a été étudié́. Cette autre combinaison originale conduit alors à des monocristaux de h-BN significativement plus gros (jusqu’à 2000 μm de taille latérale), transparents, incolores et très faciles à exfolier. Ainsi cette nouvelle association de la synthèse de PBN par voie PDCs et du procédé́ de céramisation par HIP nous semble une voie des plus prometteuses pour générer de grands monocristaux de h-BN et des nanofeuillets susceptibles de supporter des hétérostructures à base de graphène
In the past decades, due to their exceptional chemical and thermal stabilities together with their electrical insulation properties, hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) have become a promising support substrate for graphene and promoted the incentive of various van der Waals heterostructures. For such applications, BNNSs are generally obtained by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or exfoliation. In order to achieve high quality and large BNNSs, our group has proposed a novel synthesis strategy based on the Polymer Derived Ceramics (PDCs) route combined with sintering techniques: Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Since hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) crystallization is a key point in the synthesis of high quality BNNSs, efforts have been led to understand the beneficial role of a promotor of crystallization (Li3N), adopting a suitable in situ dynamic approach. It has been established that Li3N does improve the crystallization level of the product, and lower the transformation temperatures from polyborazylene to h-BN. Then, we have further investigate the influence of the SPS sintering temperature (1200-1950°C) and of the crystal promoter content (Li3N, 0-10 wt.%) on BN growth. The tested SPS parameters strongly modify the size of the resulting h-BN flakes. For an optimal Li3N concentration of 5 wt.%, h-BN flakes larger than 200 μm2 (average flake area) have been obtained. A high degree of crystallinity and purity have been achieved, even if the very-sensitive cathodoluminescence technic indicated traces of impurities, probably due to surrounding graphite parts of the SPS. Few-layered BNNSs have been successfully isolated, through exfoliation process. As a final application purpose, further physical measurements have confirmed that SPS derived h-BN exhibits an interesting dielectric constant of 3.9 associated with a dielectric strength of 0.53 V/nm. Due to a very high compact character of SPS-derivative h-BN crystals, the post-exfoliation step is made very difficult, resulting in BNNSs of tens of microns lateral size. Therefore, we have studied another sintering procedure by HIP for the ceramization process. Through this combination, we aim to promote the size of h-BN single crystals, leading to larger size exfoliated BNNSs. Characterizations from bulk crystals to BNNSs have been carried out in three aspects: morphology, lattice structure and chemical composition. This novel attempt has provided us transparent and colorless h-BN single crystals with large lateral size, up to 2000 μm. Besides, BNNSs with high purity have also been confirmed. HIP, as a new ceramization process of PDCs, has to be considered as a promising way to obtain large h-BN single crystals and nanosheets for supporting graphene and 2D heterostructures

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Cunning, Benjamin V. "An Exploration in Nano-Carbons: Bulk Graphene, Ultrafast Physics, Carbon-Nanotubes." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367408.

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Carbon nanomaterials encompass the newly discovered allotropes of carbon with at least one of its spatial dimensions on the order of a few nanometers. The physical properties of these nanomaterials differ substantially from the bulk carbon allotropes such as graphite and diamond. Of these nanomaterials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene have illicited much of the attention owing to their unique and attractive electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties which have found numerous applications in emerging technologies. Raman spectroscopy is an invaluable technique in the characterisation of these materials as it allows for both a rapid and non-destructive analysis of these nanomaterials. We examined a number of methodologies for the synthesis of “bulk” quantities of graphene, and using Raman spectroscopy, analysed these samples to critically assess their crystalline quality, finding that many of the bulk methods produce material which could be considered as amorphous, rather than crystalline, having crystalline domain sizes less than a few nanometers. An important finding, as many of graphene’s unique properties are severely attenuated with increasing defects. Using these findings, we utilised the non-linear optical properties of graphene, namely its property of saturable absorption (wherby its light absorption decreases with increasing light intensitiy), to create saturable absorber mirrors (SAMs) which are used in the mode-locking of lasers creating pulses of light on the order femtoseconds with very high peak power. We developed graphene SAMs from the bulk synthetic methods which we found to have good crystalline quality and attempted to use them to passively mode-lock an Er:fiber laser operating at t 1560 nm. We successfully mode-locked the laser with graphene produced from the ultrasound induced exfoliation of graphite generating pules of sub-200 fs duration with low nonsaturable loss, and large modulation depths allowing use in low-gain lasers.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Knapp, Marius [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Ambacher. "Graphene - from synthesis to the application as a virtually massless electrode material for bulk acoustic wave resonators." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1179694619/34.

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Srivastava, Deepanshu. "Effect of processing conditions and second-phase additives on thermoelectric properties of SrTiO3 based ceramics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/effect-of-processing-conditions-and-secondphase-additives-on-thermoelectric-properties-of-srtio3-based-ceramics(ff3c590e-4fc5-4c5d-b47b-823369ae369d).html.

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Oxide ceramics have been increasingly researched for high temperature thermoelectric (TE) applications. SrTiO3 based materials are promising candidates due to its chemical and thermal stability. In this study, oxide ceramics of composition (1-x)SrTiO3-(x)La1/3NbO3 (0 smaller or equal to x smaller or equal to 0.3) were prepared by single-step solid state sintering in Ar/5%H2 at 1700 K. The density of all the samples prepared was above 90%. All the samples were predominantly single-phase compositions crystallised with a cubic structure in Pm ̅3m space group. The impact of oxygen deficiency, A-site vacancies and mixed oxidation states of Ti3+/Nb4+ on electrical and thermal transport properties was assessed. Optimum TE properties were obtained for x=0.2 (Sr0.8La0.067Ti0.8Nb0.2O(3-delta) = L2), which has 13.4% A-site vacancies. The ZT values improved from 0.2 to 0.27 at 1000 K, with an increase in sintering time from 8 hours to 48 hours, due to increased carrier concentration. Complex interplay of oxygen vacancies and excess donor substitution on A/B-sites of L2 (substituting 5-10% Sr/Ti with La/Nb) exhibited 35% improvement in ZT values, whilst maintaining the A-site vacancies and core-shell structures within grains, which reduced the thermal conductivity by ~50% compared to undoped SrTiO3 samples, due to strong phonon scattering. A facile method to incorporate metallic inclusions (2.5 wt% Fe/Cu) at grain boundaries in L2 ceramics is demonstrated. The modified compositions displayed a maximum ZT of ~0.37 at 1000 K for L2 samples containing metallic inclusions due to increased carrier concentration (5.5 x 10^21 carriers/cm^3) and carrier mobility (2.4 cm^2/(V.s).The addition of graphene/Graphene Oxide (GO) flakes in L2 ceramics has been investigated to improve the electrical conductivity of L2 composites without significantly increasing the thermal conductivity. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of the composite powders at 1473 K and 50 MPa produced dense samples (>95% relative density) with a homogeneous dispersion of graphene/GO flakes, for loadings smaller or equal to 1.0 wt%. The effect of interaction and distribution of graphene/GO flakes within the ceramics on TE properties is investigated. The composite samples demonstrate anisotropic ZT values, with 20% improvement in the direction normal to the orientation of graphene flakes. A novel sintering method has been proposed which has strong industrial potential. The L2 based composites were sintered in Air at 1700 K (ramp rate: ±300 K/min), whilst samples were covered uniformly. Strong reducing conditions and evolution of secondary phases in the microstructure helped achieve, the very low electrical resistivity of ~3.0 x 10^(-6) ohm.m at room temperature. Secondary phases, sub-micron voids in the grains and A-site vacancies reduced the lattice thermal conductivity (~2.0 W/m.K), comparable to the lowest lattice thermal conductivity achievable (~1.5 W/m.K) at 1000 K and obtain a maximum ZT of 0.4 at 1000 K for L210G-Air/C composites.

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Mao, Fang. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Ag-based Electrical Contact Materials." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Oorganisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320235.

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Ag is a widely used electrical contact material due to its excellent electrical properties. The problems with Ag are that it is soft and has poor tribological properties (high friction and wear in Ag/Ag sliding contacts). For smart grid applications, friction and wear became increasingly important issues to be improved, due to much higher sliding frequency in the harsh operation environment. The aim of this thesis is to explore several different concepts to improve the properties of Ag electrical contacts for smart grid applications. Bulk Ag-X (X=Al, Sn In) alloys were synthesized by melting of metals. An important result was that the presence of a hcp phase in the alloys significantly reduced friction coefficients and wear rates compared to Ag. This was explained by a sliding-induced reorientation of easy-shearing planes in the hexagonal structure. The Ag-In system showed the best combination of properties for potential use in future contact applications. This thesis has also demonstrated the strength of a combinatorial approach as a high-throughput method to rapidly screen Ag-based alloy coatings. It was also used for a rapid identification of optimal deposition parameters for reactive sputtering of a complex AgFeO2 oxide with narrow synthesis window. A new and rapid process was developed to grow low frictional AgI coatings and a novel designed microstructure of nanoporous Ag filled with AgI (n-porous Ag/AgI) using a solution chemical method was also explored. The AgI coatings exhibited low friction coefficient and acceptable contact resistance. However, under very harsh conditions, their lifetime is too short. The initial tribotests showed high friction coefficient of the n-porous Ag/AgI coating, indicating an issue regarding its mechanical integrity. The use of graphene as a solid lubricant in sliding electrical contacts was investigated as well. The results show that graphene is an excellent solid lubricant in Ag-based contacts. Furthermore, the lubricating effect was found to be dependent on chemical composition of the counter surface. As an alternative lubricant, graphene oxide is cheaper and easier to produce. Preliminary tests with graphene oxide showed a similar frictional behavior as graphene suggesting a potential use of this material as lubricant in Ag contacts.

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Xu, Junjie [Verfasser], and R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schuster. "A microcalorimetric study of concentration effects on the reaction entropy during Al- and Li- bulk deposition and of phase transitions during Li intercalation in graphite electrodes / Junjie Xu ; Betreuer: R. Schuster." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172351759/34.

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Huang, Xing-Tyng, and 黃新亭. "Characterization Analysis of Graphene Films Prepared by Graphite Bulk." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x2w994.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
材料科學與工程研究所
102
Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice with excellent properties such as high conductivity,high mechanical stress, high specific surface area, and high electron mobility. In this study, graphite bulk of metal films generated on the high temperature catalytic principle. Graphite powder pressed into bulk ingot, ingot as graphite bulk and then to the substrate, respectively, the composite sputtering a metal films (copper films, nickel films) on the surface of the graphite bulk ingot, and then by vacuum sintering furnace heat treatment, the carbon atom at time (1hr) diffusion within the graphite bulk to result metal films formed on the surface of the bulk ingot silvery graphene films, in the same identical process parameters, with three kinds of heat treatment temperature (1000°C, 900°C, 800°C) different ways to scanning electron microscope of three different heat treatment temperatures of the metal films surface wrinkling stack structure. By Raman spectrum, it is discovered that G peak, which is quite sharp, is at the position of 1580 cm-1, and 2D peak, which is a characteristics of graphene, is at about 2750 cm-1,and found in the resulting two-dimensional crystal of the graphite films, In this experiment to see graphene films heat treatment temperature 1000 ° C and 800 ° C, 900 ° C compared to the heat treatment temperature, in the graphene films 1000 ° C generated more large area continuous graphite films, 900 ° C graphite films area and heat treatment 1000 ° C no difference is less and less of the graphene films generated 800 ° C, and a small area is not continuous graphite films.

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Basu, Dipanjan. "Quantum transport and bulk calculations for graphene-based devices." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2081.

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As devise sizes approach the nanoscale, novel device geometries and materials are considered, and new types of essential physics becomes important and new physical switching mechanism are considered, and as our intuitive understanding of device behavior is stretched accordingly, increasing first-principles simulation is required to understand and predict device behavior. To this end, initially I worked to capture the richness of the confinement and transport physics in quantum-wire devices. I developed an efficient fully three dimensional atomistic quantum transport simulator within a nearest-neighbor atomistic tight-binding framework. However, I soon adapted this work to the study of transport in graphene mono-layer and bilayer nano-ribbons. Motivated by proposals for use of nano-ribbons to create band gaps in otherwise gapless graphene monolayers, I studied the effects of edge disorder in such graphene nano-ribbon FETs. I found that ribbon widths sufficiently narrow to produce useful bandgaps, would also lead to an extreme sensitivity to ribbon-edge roughness and associated performance degradation and device-to-device variability. Going beyond conventional switching but staying with the graphene material system, to model electron-hole condensation in two graphene monolayers separated by a tunnel dielectric potentially beyond room temperature, I developed a self-consistent atomistic tight-binding treatment of the required interlayer exchange interaction within non-local Hartree-Fock mean-field theory. Such condensation, associated many-body enhanced interlayer current flow, and gate-control thereof is the basis for the beyond-CMOS Bilayer-pseudoSpin Field Effect Transistor (BiSFET) proposed by colleagues. I studied the effect of various system parameters and on interlayer charge imbalance on the strength of the condensate state. I also modeled the critical current, the maximum interlayer current that can be supported by the condensate, its detailed dependence on the nature and strength of the required interlayer bare tunneling and on charge imbalance. The results presented here are expected to be used to refine devices models of the BiSFET, and may serve as guides to experiments to observe such a condensate state.
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Chuang, Shu-Yu, and 莊舒伃. "Measurement and Application of Lithium Niobate Bulk Wave Sensors with Graphene Film." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88609872229863369832.

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碩士
大同大學
機械工程學系(所)
102
Global warming have been an important issue for many years. It’s because the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are increasing constantly. With industrial development and progress, the emission of exhaust from factory、automobile and motorcycle is the culprit caused by rising carbon dioxide concentration in atmospheric. A variety of policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions has been undertaken internationally, in order to monitor the emissions of carbon dioxide effectively and trace concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, it's necessary to develop a low cost and high sensitivity sensor for carbon dioxide. The surface acoustic wave gas sensor has many characteristics like good stability, sensitivity, and low cost is adequate for use as carbon dioxide sensing. However, the LFE form gas sensor through bulk wave to detect, only used in liquid sensing in the past. This study try to combine the characteristic of graphene high sensitive for environment changes to improve the defect which LFE sensor doesn’t apply to use in gas measure. Then make a lightweight and sensitive gas sensing devices. In this paper, we used 128°YXLiNbO3 as a substrate and graphene as a sensing layer, oscillated by the form of the Lateral Field Excited to develop a bulk wave sensors to measure carbon dioxide. We use finite element analysis (COMSOL) to analyze the property of LFE seneor, frequency response and conductivity changes, and compared with experimental results. The results showed that when pass into 1000ppm carbon dioxide to chamber, the frequency drift about 210Hz, consistent with its trends and forecasts.

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Books on the topic "Bulk Graphene"

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Haasz, A. A. The effect of bulk hydrogen inventory on the chemical erosion of graphite. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 1986.

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Haasz, A. A. The effect of bulk hydrogen inventory on the chemical erosion of graphite. Mississauga, Ont: CFFTP, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bulk Graphene"

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Sharma, Rajni, Firoz Alam, A. K. Sharma, V. Dutta, and S. K. Dhawan. "Hydrophobic ZnO Anchored Graphene Nanocomposite Based Bulk Hetro-Junction Solar Cells to Improve Short Circuit Current Density." In Graphene Materials, 245–75. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119131816.ch8.

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Issi, Jean-Paul, Paulo T. Araujo, and Mildred S. Dresselhaus. "Electron and Phonon Transport in Graphene in and out of the Bulk." In Physics of Graphene, 65–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02633-6_3.

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Xu, Liu-Jun, and Ji-Ping Huang. "Theory for Thermal Edge States: Graphene-Like Convective Lattice." In Transformation Thermotics and Extended Theories, 305–15. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5908-0_22.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we reveal that edge states are not necessarily limited to wave systems but can also exist in convection-diffusion systems that are essentially different from wave systems. For this purpose, we study heat transfer in a graphene-like (or honeycomb) lattice to demonstrate thermal edge states with robustness against defects and disorders. Convection is compared to electron cyclotron, which breaks space-reversal symmetry and determines the direction of thermal edge propagation. Diffusion leads to interference-like behavior between opposite convections, preventing bulk temperature propagation. We also display thermal unidirectional interface states between two lattices with opposite convection. These results extend the physics of edge states beyond wave systems.

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Haldar, S., S. Bhandary, P. Chandrachud, B. S. Pujari, M. I. Katsnelson, O. Eriksson, D. Kanhere, and B. Sanyal. "Ab Initio Studies on the Hydrogenation at the Edges and Bulk of Graphene." In Carbon Nanostructures, 203–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20644-3_25.

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Chen, D., and L. Zhang. "Harmonic Vibration of Inclined Porous Nanocomposite Beams." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 497–501. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_52.

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AbstractThis work investigated the linear harmonic vibration responses of inclined beams featured by closed-cell porous geometries where the bulk matrix materials were reinforced by graphene platelets as nanofillers. Graded and uniform porosity distributions combined with different nanofiller dispersion patterns were applied in the establishment of the constitutive relations, in order to identify their effects on beam behavior under various harmonic loading conditions. The inclined beam model comprised of multiple layers and its displacement field was constructed using Timoshenko theory. Forced vibration analysis was conducted to predict the time histories of mid-span deflections, considering varying geometrical and material characterizations. The findings may provide insights into the development of advanced inclined nanocomposite structural components under periodic excitations.

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Prasad, T. N. V. K. V., S. Adam, P. Visweswara Rao, Venkata Subbaiah Kotakadi, P. Sudhakar, B. Ravindra Reddy, B. Bhaskar, and T. Giridhara Krishna. "Novel Effects of Phytogenic Bulk Graphene on Germination and Growth of Monocots and Dicots." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 493–506. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7643-6_40.

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Ozdemir, Servet. "Bulk Versus Surface Conduction in Rhombohedral Graphite Films." In Springer Theses, 85–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88307-2_4.

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Cambronero, L. E. G., P. Sánchez, J. M. Ruiz-Román, J. Pous, and F. A. Corpas. "Radial Crushing Strength of Bronce with Nickel-Graphite Additions." In Materials Development and Processing - Bulk Amorphous Materials, Undercooling and Powder Metallurgy, 315–22. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607277.ch51.

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Khorkov, Kirill, Dmitriy Kochuev, Ruslan Chkalov, Valery Prokoshev, and Sergei Arakelian. "Nonlinear Dynamic Processes in Laser-Induced Transitions to Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures in Bulk Graphite Unit." In New Trends in Nonlinear Dynamics, 131–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34724-6_14.

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"Electrochemical Exfoliation: A Cost-Effective Approach to Produce Graphene Nanoplatelets in Bulk Quantities." In Graphite, Graphene, and Their Polymer Nanocomposites, 162–91. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13051-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bulk Graphene"

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Chen, Zhen, Wanyoung Jang, Wenzhong Bao, Chun Ning Lau, and Chris Dames. "Heat Transfer in Encased Graphene." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88370.

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Experimentally understanding the heat transfer in graphene (sheets of graphite a few atoms thick) is important for fundamental physics as well as device applications. In particular, measurements of the heat flow through graphene encased by oxide layers are essential for future graphene-based nanoelectronics, interconnects, and thermal management structures. Here we use a “heat spreader method” to study the heat dissipation performance of encased graphene. Measurements show enhanced heat spreading by a graphene layer as compared to control samples without graphene. At room temperature, the in-plane thermal conductivity of encased graphene sheets of thickness 2 nm and 5 nm is measured to be ∼150 W/m-K, more than one order of magnitude smaller than a published report for a freely-suspended graphene sheet [A. A. Balandin et al., Nano Lett. 8, 902], as well as bulk graphite. We also used a differential 3ω method to measure the thermal contact resistance between graphene and SiO2, finding a value around 10−8 m2-K/W at room temperature. Possible reasons for the unexpectedly low thermal conductivity are also discussed.

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Ghosh, Suchismita, Denis L. Nika, Evgenni P. Pokatilov, Irene Calizo, and Alexander A. Balandin. "Extraordinary Thermal Conductivity of Graphene: Prospects of Thermal Management Applications." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22348.

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We have recently discovered experimentally that suspended graphene, which is an individual sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon bound in two dimensions (2D), reveal an extremely high thermal conductivity. The measurements were performed using a non-contact optical technique developed by us on the basis of Raman spectroscopy. A large number of graphene flakes were suspended across trenches in Si wafers and attached to heat sinks. The flakes were heated by the focused laser light in the middle of the suspended portion of graphene. The amount of laser power dissipated in graphene and corresponding local temperature rise were determined from the integrated intensity and spectral position of graphene’s Raman G mode. The position of the G peak as a function of the sample temperature was measured independently allowing the use of micro-Raman spectrometer as a “thermometer”. The experimental thermal conductivity values were in the range of ∼ 3000–5300 W/mK near room temperature (RT) and depended on the graphene flake sizes. The thermal conductivity of graphene is the highest among all materials known to date. In this review work we will describe the details of our measurement procedure and explain theoretically why the 2D thermal conductivity of graphene is higher than that of bulk graphite provided that the size of graphene flakes is sufficiently large. Our theory, which includes the phonon-mode dependent Gruneisen parameter and phonon scattering on edges and defects, gives results, which are in excellent agreement with the experiment. Superior thermal properties of graphene are beneficial for the proposed graphene electronic devices, and may pave the way for graphene’s thermal management applications.

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Khusyainov, D. I., A. V. Gorbatova, A. M. Buryakov, and E. D. Mishina. "THz surface emission from bulk and monolayer WSe2." In PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON GRAPHENE, 2D MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS (2D MATERIALS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0055455.

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Mukherjee, P. S., and K. Jayasankar. "Bulk production of graphene by innovative milling techniques." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Nanotechnology for Better Living. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-7519-7nbl16-rps-334.

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Sandoz-Rosado, Emil, and Elon J. Terrell. "The Wear Characteristics of Graphene as an Atomically-Thin Protective Coating." In ASME/STLE 2012 International Joint Tribology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2012-61135.

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Lamellar atomically-thin sheets such as graphene (and its bulk equivalent graphite) and molybdenum disulfide have emerged as excellent solid lubricants at the macro scale and show great promise as protective coatings for nanoscopic applications. In this study, the failure mechanisms of graphene under sliding are examined using atomistic simulations. An atomic tip is slid over a graphene membrane that is adhered to a semi-infinite substrate. The impact of sliding velocity and substrate rigidity on the wear and frictional behavior of graphene is studied. In addition, the interplay of adhesive and abrasive wear on the graphene coating is also examined. The preliminary results indicate that graphene has excellent potential as a nanoscale due to its atomically-thin configuration and high load carrying capacity.

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Mohapatra, P. K., Dushyant Kushavah, J. Mohapatra, and B. P. Singh. "Interaction of graphene quantum dots with bulk semiconductor surfaces." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS 2014 (ICCMP 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4915443.

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Cho, Won Bae, Hwang Woon Lee, Sun Young Choi, Jun Wan Kim, Dong-II Yeom, Fabian Rotermund, Jinho Kim, and Byung Hee Hong. "Monolayer graphene saturable absorber for bulk laser mode-locking." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2010.jthe86.

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Lei, Nan, Pengfei Li, Wei Xue, and Jie Xu. "Gate-Free Graphene-Based Sensor for pH Monitoring." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65166.

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Graphene, as an ideal two-dimensional material, holds great potential for building high-performance sensors. Traditional microfabrication processes, such as lithography and etching, often require multiple complex steps including masking and aligning. Moreover, the graphene is often configured as the semiconducting material in transistors, which add complexity to the system. In this paper, we report the fabrication and characterization of a simple gate-free graphene device. The graphene sheets are made by mechanical exfoliation from bulk graphite and then placed onto a silicon wafer with a thermal oxidization layer. Platinum contact electrodes are fabricated with a mask-free process using focused ion beam, and then expanded by silver paint. An annealing process is used to improve the electrical contact. During the experiment, the fabricated graphene device is used to sense different pH values in the surrounding liquid environment. The results show that the conductance of the graphene increases quadratically with the increasing pH values, which makes the device a high-sensitivity pH sensor. In the end, the possible sensing mechanisms of our graphene device are discussed.

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Liu, Ruiyi, Xiaohu Wu, and Zheng Cui. "Photon Tunneling via Coupling Graphene Plasmons With Phonon Polaritons of Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Reststrahlen Bands." In ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-62180.

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Abstract The photon tunneling probability is the most important thing in near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT). This work study the photon tunneling via coupling graphene plasmons with phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). We consider two cases of the optical axis of hBN along z-axis and x-axis, respectively. We investigate the NFRHT between graphene-covered bulk hBN, and compare it with that of bare bulk hBN. Our results show that in Reststrahlen bands, the coupling of graphene plasmons and phonon polaritons in hBN can either suppress or enhance the photon tunneling probability, depending on the chemical potential of graphene and frequency. This conclusion holds when the optiacal axis of hBN is either along z-axis or x-axis. The findings in this work not only deepen our understanding of coupling mechanism between graphene plasmons with phonon polaritons, but also provide a theoretical basis for controlling photon tunneling in graphene covered hyperbolic materials.

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Cai, Chun-Hua, Ming Qin, and Jian-Qiu Huang. "High-performance bulk silicon interdigital capacitive temperature sensor based on graphene oxide." In 2012 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2012.6411222.

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Reports on the topic "Bulk Graphene"

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Pisani, William, Dane Wedgeworth, Michael Roth, John Newman, and Manoj Shukla. Exploration of two polymer nanocomposite structure-property relationships facilitated by molecular dynamics simulation and multiscale modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46713.

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Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic used in many engineering applications due to good strength, stiffness, mechanical damping, wear/abrasion resistance, and excellent performance-to-cost ratio. In this report, two structure-property relationships were explored. First, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene (G) were used as reinforcement molecules in simulated and experimentally prepared PA6 matrices to improve the overall mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with INTERFACE and reactive INTERFACE force fields (IFF and IFF-R) were used to predict bulk and Young's moduli of amorphous PA6-CNT/G nanocomposites as a function of CNT/G loading. The predicted values of Young's modulus agree moderately well with the experimental values. Second, the effect of crystallinity and crystal form (α/γ) on mechanical properties of semi-crystalline PA6 was investigated via a multiscale simulation approach. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center's micromechanics software was used to facilitate the multiscale modeling. The inputs to the multiscale model were the elastic moduli of amorphous PA6 as predicted via MD and calculated stiffness matrices from the literature of the PA6 α and γ crystal forms. The predicted Young's and shear moduli compared well with experiment.

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