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Journal articles on the topic 'Bulk field measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tomita, Masaru, Yusuke Fukumoto, Kenji Suzuki, and Yukikazu Iwasa. "Measurement of the magnetic field of resin-impregnated bulk superconductor annuli." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 470 (December 2010): S33—S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2010.01.020.

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2

Shibata, M., R. Kinjo, Y. W. Choi, et al. "Development of a field measurement system for the Bulk HTSC SAU." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 425, no. 3 (2013): 032021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/425/3/032021.

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3

Baxter, E. F. "Field measurement of high temperature bulk reaction rates I: Theory and technique." American Journal of Science 302, no. 5 (2002): 442–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.302.5.442.

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4

GRMELA, L., R. MACKU, and P. TOMANEK. "Near-field measurement of ZnS:Mn nanocrystal and bulk thin-film electroluminescent devices." Journal of Microscopy 229, no. 2 (2008): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.01900.x.

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5

Czarnetzki, U., D. Luggenhölscher, V. A. Kadetov, and H. F. Döbele. "Plasma diagnostics by laser spectroscopic electric field measurement." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 2 (2005): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577020345.

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Laser spectroscopic electric field measurements have the potential to become a versatile tool for the diagnostics of low-temperature plasmas. From the spatially and temporally resolved field distribution in the sheath close to electrodes or surfaces in general, a broad range of important plasma parameters can be inferred directly: electron temperature; ion density distribution; displacement-, ion-, electron-diffusion current density; and the sheath potential. Indirectly, the electron and ion energy distribution functions and information on the ion dynamics in the sheath can also be obtained. F

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6

KACHANOSKI, R. G., I. J. VAN WESENBEECK, and E. De JONG. "FIELD SCALE PATTERNS OF SOIL WATER STORAGE FROM NON-CONTACTING MEASUREMENTS OF BULK ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 3 (1990): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-056.

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Soil water storage (0–1.7 m) was measured every 10 m in a 660-m-long transect using a neutron probe and compared to bulk electrical conductivity, ECA, measurements obtained using noncontacting electomagnetic induction meters. Coherency analysis indicated a lack of correlation at scales less than 40 m. At scales greater than 40 m, ECA explained more than 80% of the variation of soil water storage. Measurement of ECA should be a simple and fast method of determining general field patterns of soil water storage. Key words: Spatial variability, soil water, coherency, electromagnetic induction

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7

Tokuyama, M., Y. Yanagi, and H. Ikuta. "Local measurement of the pulsed field magnetization process of melt-processed bulk superconductor." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 463-465 (October 2007): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2007.03.444.

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8

Ting Liu, 刘婷, 陈险峰 Xianfeng Chen, 狄子昀 Ziyun Di, 张军锋 Junfeng Zhang, 李新碗 Xinwan Li, and 陈建平 Jianping Chen. "Measurement of the magnetic field-dependent refractive index of magnetic fluids in bulk." Chinese Optics Letters 6, no. 3 (2008): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col20080603.0195.

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9

Pop, V. "The Influence of Heat Treatment on Electric Properties of Bulk (Bi,Pb):2223 Superconductor." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 21 (2003): 3807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203021824.

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The (Bi,Pb)(Sr,Ba) :2223 samples were prepared using different sintering temperatures. The electrical properties were investigated by electrical resistance and V–I characteristics measurements. The increase of sintering temperature induces the decrease of transition width and the increase of intergranular critical current density Jcj and phase purity. The critical current density from electrical measurement agrees with the results obtained from complex magnetic susceptibility measurements function of temperature and AC field amplitude.

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10

Nicolaou, Georgios, Robert Wicks, George Livadiotis, Daniel Verscharen, Christopher Owen, and Dhiren Kataria. "Determining the Bulk Parameters of Plasma Electrons from Pitch-Angle Distribution Measurements." Entropy 22, no. 1 (2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22010103.

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Electrostatic analysers measure the flux of plasma particles in velocity space and determine their velocity distribution function. There are occasions when science objectives require high time-resolution measurements, and the instrument operates in short measurement cycles, sampling only a portion of the velocity distribution function. One such high-resolution measurement strategy consists of sampling the two-dimensional pitch-angle distributions of the plasma particles, which describes the velocities of the particles with respect to the local magnetic field direction. Here, we investigate the

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11

Zeng, Li Yun, and Yu Hong Mao. "Synchronous Flow Field Measurement during Coagulation Processes by PIV." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2069.

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Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was applied to measurement and characterization the velocity field during the coagulation process under the conditions that used kaolin flocs as the seed particles without any other special seed particle. The results indicated that there were similar special wave structure of the vortexes generated on meridianal plane, the forms and the size of the adjacent vortexes changed periodically, and the bulk fluid motion was observed between vortices when the rotating speed was between 20~60 rpm, this could be very helpful in flocs combination with each other and growi

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12

Boyle, J. P. "Field Results from a Second-Generation Ocean/Lake Surface Contact Heat Flux, Solar Irradiance, and Temperature Measurement Instrument—The Multisensor Float." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 5 (2007): 856–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1898.1.

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Abstract This paper describes results from two field programs that support development of a wave-following surface contact multisensor float (MSF) designed to simultaneously measure net surface heat flux, net solar irradiance, and water temperature. The results reported herein compare measurements from a second-generation design (circa 1998) against directly measured radiative fluxes as well as turbulent fluxes derived using both eddy correlation and bulk aerodynamic methods. The reference flux data are collected using instrumented towers, buoys, and research vessels. Comparisons show that MSF

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13

Gordillo, Leonardo, and Nicolás Mujica. "Measurement of the velocity field in parametrically excited solitary waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 754 (August 14, 2014): 590–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.416.

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AbstractParametrically excited solitary waves emerge as localized structures in high-aspect-ratio free surfaces subject to vertical vibrations. Herein, we provide the first experimental characterization of the hydrodynamics of these waves using particle image velocimetry. We show that the underlying velocity field of parametrically excited solitary waves is primarily composed of a subharmonic oscillatory component. Our results confirm the accuracy of Hamiltonian models with added dissipation in describing this field. Remarkably, our measurements also uncover the onset of a streaming velocity f

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14

Pepin, Steeve, André P. Plamondon, and Jean Stein. "Peat water content measurement using time domain reflectometry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 4 (1992): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-070.

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The calibration of time domain reflectometry, previously established for an organic soil of 0.422 Mg•m−3 bulk density, was established for peat blocks with bulk densities ranging from 0.06 to 0.25 Mg•m−3. An empirical relationship between the volumetric water content and the measured apparent dielectric constant was established in the laboratory. This relationship can be used to estimate volumetric water content between 0.21 and 0.95 cm3•cm−3 with a standard deviation of 0.03 cm3•cm−3. The large variations observed during the calibration were mainly attributed to the size and heterogeneousness

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15

Ding, Kai, Yang Bai, Xi Han, Wen Jie Zhang, and Li Jie Qiao. "Estimate of Thermodynamic Indirect Measurement on the Electrocaloric Effect." Key Engineering Materials 492 (September 2011): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.492.164.

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The thermodynamics indirect measurement based on Maxwell relation is one of the most popular methods for the studies on electrocaloric effect of ferroelectric material, including bulk ceramics, single crystals and thin films.However,recent reports indicated that the results obtained through this method did not agree with those from the direct measurements in many cases, such as nearTcor under high electric field. This paper discussed the applicability of thermodynamics indirect measurement and analyzed the reason why its calculated result may be different from the true value of electrocaloric

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16

Raghukumar, Kaustubha, Grace Chang, Frank Spada, Craig Jones, Tim Janssen, and Andrew Gans. "Performance Characteristics of “Spotter,” a Newly Developed Real-Time Wave Measurement Buoy." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 6 (2019): 1127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0151.1.

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AbstractThe Spotter is a low-cost, real-time, solar-powered wave measurement buoy that was recently developed by Spoondrift Technologies, Inc. (Spoondrift). To evaluate the data quality of the Spotter device, we performed a series of validation experiments that included comparisons between Spotter-derived motions and prescribed wave motions (monochromatic and random waves) on a custom-built, motion-controlled validation stand and simultaneous in-water measurements using a conventional wave measurement buoy, the Datawell DWR-G4 (Datawell). Spotter evaluations included time-domain validation (i.

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17

Abd El Fattah, Ahmed, Ibrahim Al-Duais, Kyle Riding, Michael Thomas, Salah Al-Dulaijan, and Mesfer Al-Zahrani. "Field Validation of Concrete Transport Property Measurement Methods." Materials 13, no. 5 (2020): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051166.

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Reinforcing steel corrosion, caused by chloride ingress into concrete, is the leading cause of reinforced concrete deterioration. One of the main findings in the literature for reducing chloride ingress is the improvement of the durability characteristics of concrete by the addition of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and/or chemical agents to concrete mixtures. In this study, standard ASTM tests—such as rapid chloride permeability (RCPT), bulk diffusion and sorptivity tests—were used to measure concrete properties such as porosity, sorptivity, salt diffusion, and permeability. Eigh

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18

Otabe, Edmund S., Mohammed N. Hasan, and Teruo Matsushita. "A standard method of measurement of the irreversibility field for bulk RE-123 superconductors." Superconductor Science and Technology 18, no. 12 (2005): S219—S222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/18/12/001.

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19

Takayanagi, Isao, Kazuya Matsumoto, and Jun‐ichi Nakamura. "Measurement of electron impact ionization coefficient in bulk silicon under a low‐electric field." Journal of Applied Physics 72, no. 5 (1992): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351625.

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20

Boehringer, Matthias, and Ralf Augke. "Field Passivation of the Silicon Wafer Rear Surface for Reliable Bulk Recombination Lifetime Measurement." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 155, no. 7 (2008): H474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2907404.

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21

Lousberg, Gregory P., Jean-François Fagnard, Jacques G. Noudem, Marcel Ausloos, Benoit Vanderheyden, and Philippe Vanderbemden. "Measurement of the magnetic field inside the holes of a drilled bulk high-Tcsuperconductor." Superconductor Science and Technology 22, no. 4 (2009): 045009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/22/4/045009.

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22

Wang, Hu, Wensheng Wu, Tianzhi Tang, et al. "A new method for calculating bulk density in pulsed neutron-gamma density logging." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (2020): D219—D232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0821.1.

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Formation density is one of the most important parameters in formation evaluation. Radioisotope chemical sources are used widely in conventional gamma-gamma density (GGD) logging. Considering security and environmental risks, there has been growing interest in pulsed neutron generators in place of the radioactive-chemical source in using bulk-density measurements. However, there still is the requirement of high accuracy of the neutron-gamma density (NGD) calculation. Pair production is one of the factors influencing the accuracy of the results, which should be considered. We have adopted a met

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23

Abel, S. J., R. J. Cotton, P. A. Barrett, and A. K. Vance. "A comparison of ice water content measurement techniques on the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 9 (2014): 3007–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3007-2014.

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Abstract. This paper presents a comparison of ice water content (qi) data from a variety of measurement techniques on the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft. Data are presented from a range of cloud types measured during the PIKNMIX field experiment that include mixed-phase stratocumulus, cumulus congestus and cirrus clouds. These measurements cover a broad range of conditions in which atmospheric ice particles are found in nature, such as the low-ice-water-content environments typically found in midlatitude cirrus and the environments with much hig

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24

Abel, S. J., R. J. Cotton, P. A. Barrett, and A. K. Vance. "A comparison of ice water content measurement techniques on the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 5 (2014): 4815–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-4815-2014.

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Abstract. This paper presents a comparison of ice water content (qi) data from a variety of measurement techniques on the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 research aircraft. Data are presented from a range of cloud types measured during the PIKNMIX field experiment that include mixed phase stratocumulus, cumulus congestus and cirrus clouds. These measurements cover a broad range of conditions in which atmospheric ice particles are found in nature, such as the low ice water content environments typically found in mid-latitude cirrus and the much higher ice water con

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25

KISHNÉ, A. SZ, C. L. S. MORGAN, H. C. CHANG, and L. B. KISH. "VIBRATION-INDUCED CONDUCTIVITY FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENT FOR SOIL BULK DENSITY ANALYSIS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 07, no. 04 (2007): L473—L481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477507004112.

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Soil bulk density is a physical property of soils that affects water storage, water and nutrient movement, and plant root activity in the soil profile. The ability to quantify soil bulk density using vibration-induced conductivity fluctuation was investigated with possible field applications in the future. The AC electrical conductance of soil was measured using a pair of blade-like electrodes while exposing to periodic vibration. The blades were positioned longitudinally and transversally to the direction of the induced vibration to enable the calculation of a normalized index. This normalize

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26

Waddington, D. C., and R. J. Orlowski. "Determination of Acoustical Impedance of Absorbing Surfaces by Two-Microphone Transfer Function Techniques: Effect of Absorption Mechanism." Building Acoustics 4, no. 2 (1997): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9700400203.

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In the third of a series of papers on the measurement of acoustical impedance of absorbing surfaces using the two-microphone transfer function technique, the influence of surface absorption mechanism upon the measured impedance is described. The results from measurements of the impedance of bulk reactors are compared with values obtained from theoretical models. Materials investigated are an inhomogeneous polyurethane foam, a distributed resonance absorber, and a twin layer foam. This paper also investigates how the measurement technique behaves with samples which are bulk reacting and have su

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27

Zettl, Julie D., Mingbin Huang, S. Lee Barbour, and Bing C. Si. "Density-dependent calibration of multisensor capacitance probes in coarse soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 95, no. 4 (2015): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss-2015-021.

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Zettl, J. D., Huang, M., Barbour, S. L. and Si, B. C. 2015. Density-dependent calibration of multisensor capacitance probes in coarse soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 331–336. Coarse-textured reconstructed soils are utilized extensively in the reclamation of mining waste. Accurate and continuous sensing of soil water content is required to understand soil water dynamics and evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of these soils. The EnviroSCAN (Sentek Pty. Ltd, Australia) is a semi-permanent multisensor capacitance probe (MCP) capable of continuous measurement of volumetric water content (θv) and ha

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28

Granados, X., S. Iliescu, B. Bozzo, et al. "Magnetic Mapping - A Way to Test and Understand Current Flows in Thin and Bulk Superconductors." Advances in Science and Technology 47 (October 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.47.1.

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Nondestructive testing of superconducting blocks and thin films is a worth point in their development and their industrial production. The most intrinsic characteristic to be tested is the critical current, so is the maximum current can be carried in the superconducting state. The measurement of the current flowing through the samples could be done by direct transport experiments but this means using specific samples, and only the mean current may be found. Distribution of current density in the sample is more relevant because it yields the map of inhomogeneity of the samples, and its effect i

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29

Tang, M. X., J. W. Huang, J. C. E, Y. Y. Zhang, and S. N. Luo. "Full strain tensor measurements with X-ray diffraction and strain field mapping: a simulation study." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 3 (2020): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520003926.

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Strain tensor measurements are important for understanding elastic and plastic deformation, but full bulk strain tensor measurement techniques are still lacking, in particular for dynamic loading. Here, such a methodology is reported, combining imaging-based strain field mapping and simultaneous X-ray diffraction for four typical loading modes: one-dimensional strain/stress compression/tension. Strain field mapping resolves two in-plane principal strains, and X-ray diffraction analysis yields volumetric strain, and thus the out-of-plane principal strain. This methodology is validated against d

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30

Baxter, E. F. "Field measurement of high temperature bulk reaction rates II: Interpretation of results from a field site near Simplon Pass, Switzerland." American Journal of Science 302, no. 6 (2002): 465–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.302.6.465.

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31

Nolan, T. P., R. Sinclair, T. Yamashita, and R. Ranjan. "Correlation of microstructural and magnetic properties of longitudinal recording media using TEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 1016–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150915.

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Cobalt alloy on chromium thin film media are used in industry because of their large values of coercivity (Hc), remanent magnetization (Mr), squareness (S*), and relatively low noise. The magnetic properties depend strongly on processing conditions and, as will be shown, the resulting microstructure.A complete structure-processing-properties analysis requires effective measurement of both magnetic and microstructural properties. Direct micromagnetic-microstructural comparison is not yet readily available, but bulk hysteresis loop parameters are reproducible and highly correlated with both desi

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32

Tioh, Jin-Wei, Sasha Oster, Mani Mina, and Robert J. Weber. "Optimization of Magnetooptic Device by Low Switching Field Domains." ISRN Optics 2012 (February 6, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/865794.

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This paper expounds on the optimization of magnetooptic devices using preferential domains that switch at low field strengths. In particular, an all-optical switch for transparent networks based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration is examined in detail. The switch utilizes bismuth-substituted iron garnets with a specific composition of (Bi1.1Tb1.9)(Fe4.25Ga0.75)O12 as Faraday rotators. It is proposed that switch figures of merit can be improved by preferentially choosing domains which align with applied fields at field strengths much lower than required by the bulk material. Measu

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33

Ohrt, Christoph, Wito Hartmann, Johannes Weickmann, et al. "Holistic Measurement in the Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming Process with Fringe Projection." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 1005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.1005.

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Sheet bulk metal forming is a new forming technology, currently developed by several companies and research institutes. It creates high demands on the inspection of parts and tools, especially in the field of in-situ abrasion detection of the forming tool and its impacts on the work piece. This manuscript introduces two optical testing methods for fulfilling these inspection tasks: On the one hand the endoscopic fringe projection as a flexible small scale optical measurement principal with high depth of focus and accuracy for the acquisition of filigree form elements for a continuous abrasion

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34

Hong, Z., P. Vanderbemden, R. Pei, Y. Jiang, A. M. Campbell, and T. A. Coombs. "The Numerical Modeling and Measurement of Demagnetization Effect in Bulk YBCO Superconductors Subjected to Transverse Field." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 18, no. 2 (2008): 1561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2008.920594.

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35

Ichimura, Masaya, Atsushi Tada, Eisuke Arai, Hiroyuki Takamatsu, and Shingo Sumie. "Bulk carrier lifetime measurement by the microwave reflectance photoconductivity decay method with external surface electric field." Applied Physics Letters 80, no. 23 (2002): 4390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1483114.

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36

Klimov, E., M. Fuelleborn, and H. W. Siesler. "Electric-Field-Induced Reorientation of Liquid Crystalline p-Cyanophenyl-p-n-Alkylbenzoates: A Time-Resolved Study by Fourier Transform Infrared Transmission and Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 5 (2003): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203321666498.

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Time-resolved polarization Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy were applied to investigate the reorientation phenomena of the three members of the homologous series of nematic liquid crystalline p-cyanophenyl-p-n-alkylbenzoates 6CPB, 7CPB, and 10CPB under the external perturbation of an electric field. In conjunction with a newly constructed measurement cell, this method allowed us to differentiate the response of the LC system in the surface layer and in the bulk of the cell at different temperatures and voltages. The relaxation t

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37

Huang, Q., O. O. Akinremi, R. Sri Rajan, and P. Bullock. "Laboratory and field evaluation of five soil water sensors." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, no. 4 (2004): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-097.

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Accurate in situ determination of soil water content is important in many fields of agricultural, environmental, hydrological, and engineering sciences. As numerous soil water content sensors are available on the market today, the knowledge of their performance will aid users in the selection of appropriate sensors. The objectives of this study were to evaluate five soil water sensors in the laboratory and to determine if laboratory calibration is appropriate for the field. In this study, the performances of five sensors, including the Profile Probe™ (PP), ThetaProbe™ , Watermark™, Aqua-Tel™,

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38

XIAOWEN, CAO, HAN GUCHANG та ZHANG TINGYU. "A NEW LOWER CRITICAL FIELD AND ANOMALY OF MAGNETIZATION CURVE IN HIGH TcY1Ba2Cu3O7−δ BULK SUPERCONDUCTORS". Modern Physics Letters B 01, № 09n10 (1988): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984988001430.

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The magnetization behaviors of single phase Y1Ba2Cu3O7−δ bulk superconductors have been studied by measurement of the DC susceptibility. It is found that there are two lower critical field. One which is near 10 Oe at 77K is defined as a weak lower critical field and denoted by HclJ. dHc1J/dT is about 0.2 Oe/K near Tc. Another is still called as usual lower critical field, Hcl. It is 60 Oe at 77K and dHc1/dT is about 4.6 Oe/K. The detailed measurement of DC magnetization shows also that an anomaly of the magnetization curve appears between HclJ and Hc1. The amplitudes of anomalous peak and vall

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Safriani, Lusi, Risdiana, Fitrilawati та ін. "μSR Study with Light Irradiation of P3HT:ZnO Nanoparticles as Active Material of Hybrid Solar Cells". Materials Science Forum 966 (серпень 2019): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.966.404.

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Recently, hybrid solar cell that consists of a combination of organic and inorganic materials offers promise in increasing efficiency. Combination of conjugated polymer of Poly (3-hexyl thiophene)/P3HT which has the highest hole mobility with inorganic materials which has high electron mobility, good physical and chemical stability of inorganic nanocrystals, shows a better performance of hybrid solar cells. We have conducted a measurement to investigate the charge carrier transport in active material of hybrid solar cells by using muon spin relaxation (μSR) with light irradiation. A bulk sampl

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40

Labelle, Eric R., and Dirk Jaeger. "Influence of Saturated Organic Matter on the Accuracy of In-Situ Measurements Recorded with a Nuclear Moisture and Density Gauge." Croatian journal of forest engineering 42, no. 2 (2021): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2021.762.

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The impact of machines on forest soils is regularly assessed and quantified using absolute bulk density, which is most frequently obtained by soil cores. However, to allow for repeated measurements at the exact same locations, non-destructive devices are increasingly being used to determine soil bulk density and moisture content in field studies. An example of such a device is a nuclear moisture and density gauge (NMDG), originally designed as a control measurement for soil bulk density and moisture content in geotechnical applications. Unlike road construction or foundation projects that use

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41

Gavalda-Diaz, Oriol, Jack Lyons, Siyang Wang, et al. "Basal Plane Delamination Energy Measurement in a Ti3SiC2 MAX Phase." JOM 73, no. 6 (2021): 1582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-021-04635-9.

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AbstractThe {0001} basal plane delamination dominating the crack-wake bridging in MAX phases at a bulk scale has been investigated by studying the small-scale fracture of a Ti3SiC2. In situ micro-double cantilever beam (DCB) tests in a scanning electron microscope were used to grow a stable crack along the basal plane, measure the fracture energy, and study the crack propagation mechanism at the nanoscale. The results show that the fracture energy (10–50 J/m2) depends on small misorientations angles (e.g., 5°) of the basal plane to the stress field. This induces permanent deformation which can

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42

Keane, Robert E., Elizabeth D. Reinhardt, Joe Scott, Kathy Gray, and James Reardon. "Estimating forest canopy bulk density using six indirect methods." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 3 (2005): 724–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-213.

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Canopy bulk density (CBD) is an important crown characteristic needed to predict crown fire spread, yet it is difficult to measure in the field. Presented here is a comprehensive research effort to evaluate six indirect sampling techniques for estimating CBD. As reference data, detailed crown fuel biomass measurements were taken on each tree within fixed-area plots located in five important conifers types in the western United States, using destructive sampling following a series of four sampling stages to measure the vertical and horizontal distribution of canopy biomass. The six ground-based

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Jessup, A. T., and R. Branch. "Integrated Ocean Skin and Bulk Temperature Measurements Using the Calibrated Infrared In Situ Measurement System (CIRIMS) and Through-Hull Ports." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25, no. 4 (2008): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jtecho479.1.

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Abstract The design and performance of a shipboard-integrated system for underway skin and bulk temperature is presented. The system consists of the Calibrated Infrared In situ Measurement System (CIRIMS) and through-hull temperature sensors. The CIRIMS is an autonomous shipboard radiometer system that measures the sea surface skin temperature Tskin for validation of satellite-derived sea surface temperature products. General design considerations for shipboard radiometer systems are discussed and the philosophy behind the CIRIMS design is presented. Unique features of the design include a con

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Ünal, İlker, Önder Kabaş, and Salih Sözer. "Real-Time Electrical Resistivity Measurement and Mapping Platform of the Soils with an Autonomous Robot for Precision Farming Applications." Sensors 20, no. 1 (2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010251.

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Soil electrical resistivity (ER) is an important indicator to indirectly determine soil physical and chemical properties such as moisture, salinity, porosity, organic matter level, bulk density, and soil texture. In this study, real-time ER measurement system has been developed with the help of an autonomous robot. The aim of this study is to provide rapid measurement of the ER in large areas using the Wenner four-probe measurement method for precision farming applications. The ER measurement platform consists of the Wenner probes, a y-axis shifter driven by a DC motor through a gear reducer,

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Koinkar, Pankaj, Makoto Kanazawa, Yu Ohsumi, Akihiro Furube, and Mahendra A. More. "Formation of WS2 nanosheets and its field emission studies." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 19 (2018): 1840078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400787.

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The present study describes the results on the formation of WS2 nanosheets using the nanosecond laser ablation in a liquid environment. The laser ablation in liquid is a well-known method and is widely used for the generation of nanostructure. The nanosecond laser ablation is used to irradiate WS2 in a isopropyl alcohol to generate WS2 nanosheets. The laser ablation time was 120 min. The field emission measurement of irradiated WS2 nanostructures was performed. The Bulk and WS2 were used to characterize the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy to reveal their surface a

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Plancher, E., V. Favier, C. Maurice, et al. "Direct measurement of local constitutive relations, at the micrometre scale, in bulk metallic alloys." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 3 (2017): 940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717006185.

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Multiscale models involving crystal plasticity are essential to predict the elastoplastic behavior of structural materials with respect to their microstructure. However, those models are often limited by a poor knowledge of the local constitutive behavior. This article reports a method to measure the mechanical behavior directly, at the micrometre scale, in bulk crystalline materials. Local strain and stress states were evaluated at the surface of a bent stainless steel crystal by combining total strain measurements – performed with the digital image correlation technique on optical images – w

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Bentley, J., N. D. Evans, and E. A. Kenik. "Measurement of Scanning Electron Microscope resolution." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 1044–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172954.

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The resolution performance of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a primary specification of the instrument. For a high-resolution SEM (HRSEM) equipped with a field emission gun (FEG), image resolutions of less than 2 nm are commonly claimed. Generally, both manufacturers and customers identify image resolution as the single most important performance criterion. It is traditionally determined with specimens such as gold islands on bulk carbon supports, where the minimum apparent separation of two islands is claimed as the resolution. This procedure is highly subjective since the spacings a

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Zheng, Zhang, Liang Li, Yin Fei Yang, Ning He, and Wei Zhao. "Prediction and Measurement of Machining Distortion in Aluminium Alloy 7085." Advanced Materials Research 996 (August 2014): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.996.640.

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It is essential to accurately predict or model the residual stresses in a material resulting from various manufacturing operations. Numerical methods were used in this study to predict the residual stresses after quenching and cold compression of an Al 7085 forged block. Experimental verification was provided by comparing the measured distortions due to a relaxation of the residual stresses with the predictions obtained by using a simulated stress field. The validation was carried out on a simplified structural part. The measured and simulated distortions were found to be in good agreement wit

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Zhang, Zheng, Yinfei Yang, Liang Li, and Jinxing Kong. "Experimental and computational modeling of bulk residual stress for aeronautical components with distinct geometries." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 2 (2021): 168781402199440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814021994402.

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To predict and minimize machining distortion in the manufacturing process, bulk residual stresses in aeronautical components with distinct geometries were investigated via experimental mechanics and numerical simulation. The residual stress state was appropriately simplified according to geometric/processing feathers and deformation patterns of the investigated parts. In each case study, an optimal experimental method was selected to reconstruct the concerned stress tensor. Thereafter, qualitative comparison and validation were performed using cross-method verification and/or numerical simulat

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Cho, Yongjin, Kenneth A. Sudduth, and Scott T. Drummond. "Profile Soil Property Estimation Using a VIS-NIR-EC-Force Probe." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 3 (2017): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12049.

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Abstract. Combining data collected in-field from multiple soil sensors has the potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of soil property estimates. Optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has been used to estimate many important soil properties, such as soil carbon, water content, and texture. Other common soil sensors include penetrometers that measure soil strength and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) sensors. Previous field research has related these sensor measurements to soil properties such as bulk density, water content, and texture. A commercial instrument that can

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