Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bulk chemical

Academic literature on the topic 'Bulk chemical'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bulk chemical"

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Kobayashi, Yasukazu, Shohei Tada, and Ryuji Kikuchi. "Simple chemical synthesis of intermetallic Pt2Y bulk nanopowder." Materials Advances 1, no. 7 (2020): 2202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00419g.

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Deng, Shu Zhang, and Zhao Xin Zhou. "Liquid Chemicals in Bulk Security Operations Guide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 4511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4511.

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in recent years, with the development of the chemical industry, marine liquid chemicals a steady growth. Research guidelines for the safe operation of dangerous chemicals in bulk liquid, and to ensure the smooth operation of bulk liquid chemicals Terminal, meet the needs of production and domestic and foreign trade, creating huge economic and social benefits, while safeguarding the operational safety of bulk liquid chemicals, maintenance of port operations, protection of shipping, handling, storage, safety of lives and property as well as the entire city is of great significance.
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Prentice, Andrew J. R., and Daniel Jontof-Hutter. "Origin and Bulk Chemical Composition of Mercury." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600015112.

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AbstractThe origin of Mercury’s high metal content is examined within a gas ring model for the condensation of the planetary system. Mercury’s axial moment-of-inertia factor is predicted to be 0.325 ± 0.002.
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SELTZER, RICHARD. "Bulk of chemical campaign giving to GOP." Chemical & Engineering News 70, no. 44 (November 2, 1992): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n044.p005.

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Weyher, J. L., S. Müller, I. Grzegory, and S. Porowski. "Chemical polishing of bulk and epitaxial GaN." Journal of Crystal Growth 182, no. 1-2 (December 1997): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(97)00320-5.

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Sutherland, Ken. "Back to basics: Bulk chemical industry separations." Filtration & Separation 44, no. 8 (October 2007): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(07)70250-1.

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Easton, A. J. "SEVEN NEW BULK CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF AUBRITES." Meteoritics 20, no. 3 (September 1985): 571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.1985.tb00052.x.

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Uhlmann, D. R., B. J. J. Zelinski, G. Teowee, J. M. Boulton, and A. Koussa. "Wet chemical synthesis of bulk optical materials." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 129, no. 1-3 (March 1991): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(91)90082-h.

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Gu, Z. H., P. C. Arnold, and A. G. McLean. "Consolidation-related bulk density and permeability models for bulk solids." Powder Technology 72, no. 1 (October 1992): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(92)85019-r.

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Schäfer, Thomas, and Kevin Dusling. "Bulk viscosity, chemical equilibration and flow at RHIC." Nuclear Physics A 904-905 (May 2013): 393c—396c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2013.02.032.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bulk chemical"

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Thompson, B. T. A. H. "Enhancing the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS on bulk substrates." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/99840/.

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PEDOT:PSS was investigated, using the dopants TWEEN 80 and MEK. The mixture was applied as a thin film on a PET substrate using three techniques, spincoating, dipcoating and spraycoating, with an aim to produce a bulk manufacturing conductive material. The dopants also improved the film forming of PEDOT:PSS. There was a problem with adhesion and durability of the film to the substrate. Several different materials were investigated to solve this problem. The adhesion problem was solved by adding a layer of methyl cellulose between the substrate and the PEDOT:PSS layers which acted as an adhesion promotor. One of the aims of this project was to determine a bulk manufacturing method which is viable for PEDOT:PSS. Three manufacturing techniques were investigated to see how this affected the film quality, film conductivity, thickness, orientation, and durability. Spincoating gave thinner films with a final thickness of 1- 2 µm and was more conductive than films manufactured using dipcoating or spraycoating. Spincoated films made using the dopants enhanced the bulk conductivity of the starting material by two orders of magnitude from 1494 Ωcm for the 100 % PEDOT:PSS dispersion used as a starting material, to 25 Ωcm for the doped 97.22 % PEDOT:PSS. The dipcoated and spraycoated samples were enhanced by three orders of magnitude, although, overall the spincoated samples were the most conductive. The enhanced 95 % to 98 % PEDOT:PSS dispersion with additives TWEEN 80 and MEK samples, remained more conductive than the starting material even after 62 weeks of storage under air. It was found that storage under air caused an increase in resistivity over the stored time period in doped PEDOT:PSS and 100% PEDOT:PSS films. High voltage studies up to 50V proved the material withstands repeated high voltage application over a period of 62 weeks. The mechanism of charge transport in the 97 % and 98 % PEDOT:PSS samples was found, using UV, to be due to the formation of polarons. Polaron charge carriers were formed when the polymer became ionised, lost an electron, and formed a positive charge on the polymer chain. In order to stabilise this the PEDOT molecule changes shape from the aromatic to the quinoid conformation. The most conductive films were found to be predominantly in the quinoid form whereas the less conductive films were mainly aromatic.
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O'Rourke, Jaqueline Karen. "Surface and bulk studies of iron phthalocyanine based gas sensors." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1994. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20152/.

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Phthalocyanines films have been noted for their use as chemical sensors by measuring changes in conductivity when a gas is adsorbed at the surface. The sensing mechanism is not well understood. This work uses iron phthalocyanine as a model in an attempt to understand the gas sensing mechanism of metal phthalocyanines. The alpha and beta polymorphs of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) have been synthesised and then studied using infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gas sensing experiments and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Infra red spectroscopy indicates that a phase change occurs at 205°C and SEM work confirms this since the microcrystallite size changes at this temperature. Gas sensing work has shown that FePc responds to NO[2] and Cl[2] at room temperature. Variable temperature transmission mode Mossbauer spectroscopy of both phases showed that the alpha phase has a lower recoil free fraction at room temperature than the beta phase suggesting that the beta phase has a more rigid structure i.e. it is less free to vibrate in the lattice than the alpha phase. This also explains the difficulties experienced in attempts to collect backscatter spectra from alpha FePc. Backscatter Mossbauer spectroscopy has been used in vitro to show a difference at ambient temperature and pressure, of beta FePc before and after exposure to a gas. Conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy indicates that NO[2] adsorbs on to the surface of the FePc film preventing the escape of conversion electrons, and conversion x-ray experiments have shown that the NO[2] penetrates the near surface causing a chemical change.
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Girardi, Benur A. "Bulk sampling : some strategies for improving quality control in chemical industries." Thesis, City University London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359184.

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Cumpston, Brian Hylton. "Bulk and interfacial degradation of polymers used for electronic and photonic applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10634.

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Huang, Shu. "Influence of Chemical Composition and Water on the Bulk Modulus of Pyrope." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1185.

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Garnets are major silicates from the upper mantle to the transition zone. Elastic properties of garnets are essential to interpret the variation of seismic velocities at different depths and construct a model of the Earth’s composition. Due to the chemical flexibility at octahedron sites of the crystal structures, garnets usually exist with multiple components and have many composition variations. Pyrope is an important member in the garnet group. Fe2+-Mg2+ substitution in pyrope is one of the common solid solutions. We have synthesized and measured three synthetic solid solutions samples (Py83Alm17, Py54Alm46 and Py30Alm70). Equations of state yielded their isothermal bulk moduli K0 to be 172(4)GPa, 174(2)GPa, and 183(2)GPa, respectively, which confirmed that almandine content (Fe2+ substitution) increased the bulk modulus of the garnet. A relation between the bulk modulus and the almandine mole fraction (n) was derived to be K0 = 170 + 15 n, showing it is a nearly ideal mixing model. Another factor that also significantly influences the elasticity of pyrope is water. Water is transported to the deep Earth by subduction slabs and mainly exists in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAM) as hydroxyl (OH-). Its content in minerals varies as depth increases. We therefore investigated pressure influence on water solubility in pyrope. A suite of pyrope single crystals was synthesized in a water-saturated environment at 6, 7, 9 and 12GPa and water was characterized by FTIR. IR spectra showed a typical peak at 3630 cm-1. At 9 and 12GPa, new peaks at 3572 cm-1 and 3504 cm-1 appeared and indicated that a new substitution mechanism, other than hydrogarnet substitution SiO4=(OH)4, was adopted in the pyrope crystal structure. Water solubility in pyrope reached 0.2wt% at 7GPa. From 4-7GPa, water solubility increased. At 9GPa, water content dropped to 0.07wt% and increased to 0.3wt% at 12GPa, where a cubic to tetragonal phase transition was observed. Water showed a weakening effect on the bulk moduli of hydrous pyrope. Their bulk moduli were 166GPa, 173GPa and 161GPa with water contents of 0.07wt%, 0.1wt% and 0.2wt%, respectively. An approximate linear relationship was proposed about the bulk modulus as a function of water content.
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Hernández, López José Joaquín 1974. "Evaluation of bulk and packaged distribution strategies in a specialty chemical company." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29531.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2003.
"June 2003."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-100).
A logistics cost model is developed for a chemical distribution system from a single plant using bulk and packaged transportation strategies. The purpose of this research is to provide a tool that helps understand the cost trade offs in the operation of a logistics system at a strategic level for large scale systems and complex distribution systems. An analytical modeling approach was used to determine variables that define transportation, storage and material handling costs in the system. Several distribution strategies were evaluated and benchmarked in terms of costs against the current. Savings offered by the packaged distribution system for a single plant were marginal; extension of the current model to evaluate cost reduction opportunities across the complete network of plants and distribution centers is proposed for further research effort.
by Jose Joaquin Hernandez Lopez.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Laplante, Marc. "A Java(TM)-based model for multi-component free-radical bulk and solution polymerizations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26686.

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Modelling and simulation play an essential role in developing, optimizing and understanding the steps involved in the production of polymers. A simulator was designed in order to model free-radical bulk and solution homopolymerizations, as well as multi-component polymerizations. Several optional models were incorporated in to the simulator, such as several glass transition temperature models, and the penultimate model. Java(TM) was selected as the programming language because of its object-oriented nature, providing high flexibility and ensuring easy extension of the code. Once the simulator was validated against experimental data and another simulator, it was used to model three systems: butyl acrylate/vinyl acetate (BA/VAc), styrene/butyl acrylate (Sty/BA), and butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/vinyl acetate (BA/MMA/VAc). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Chang, Dongsook. "Controlling nanostructures of globular protein-polymer block copolymers in bulk solutions and in thin films." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103277.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, February 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The self-assembly of globular protein-polymer diblock copolymers represents a promising technology for protein nanopatterning. The self-assembled materials have a high density of proteins and internal nanostructures that serve as continuous transport pathways for substrates, products, cofactors, and/or charges. The polymer block can act as a protective matrix for the protein, improving its stability and longevity in materials. The self-assembly of protein-polymer diblock copolymers is substantially different from that of traditional synthetic diblock copolymers due to the globular and rigid shape, heterogeneous composition, and anisotropic interactions of proteins. This thesis focuses on the control of nanostructures in self-assembled materials with a goal to gain a better understanding of the governing principles in self-assembly. This thesis presents experimental studies on the effect of modulated interactions between protein and polymers on the self-assembly of globular protein-polymer block copolymers. Bioconjugates composed of a model red fluorescent protein, mCherry, and a synthetic homopolymer with different chemical moieties are synthesized. Modulated interactions between protein and polymer by introducing polymer blocks with different hydrogen bonding capabilities change order-disorder transition concentrations in solution and the type of nanostructures formed. Bioconjugates with a weakly segregating polymer block are found to form a double gyroid structure with Ia3d symmetry, as opposed to perforated lamellae of bioconjugates with a strongly segregating polymer block. Common phase behaviors are also revealed, including the order of lyotropic order-order transitions and a re-entrant disordering behavior at high concentrations. Birefringence of the disordered solutions with increasing protein fraction suggests the formation of a nematic liquid crystalline phase arising from protein interactions. Self-assembly of proteinzwitterionic polymer bioconjugates shows that electrostatic segregation of mCherry constitutes one of the major driving forces for microphase separation. Nanostructures of the conjugates are further controlled by changing solvent selectivity. Important considerations in preparing bioconjugate thin films are also presented and discussed. Surface effects as well as kinetics such as solvent evaporation rate and film coating speed are shown to have a large impact on the long-range order of self-assembled nanostructures.
by Dongsook Chang.
Ph. D.
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MISKIN, ATUL. "BULK SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION FOR SMART MATERIALS APPLICATIONS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1093033712.

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CODAZZI, VERA. "Breaking phylogenetic barriers for fine and bulk chemical products in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19692.

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Industrial biotechnologies allow today to obtain both fine and bulk chemicals and yeasts as cell factories can produce many products belonging to both field (Branduardi et al., 2008, Porro and Branduardi, 2009). Among yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae still represents the microorganism of election to develop such cell factories. As regard bioethanol production, yeasts utilization is well established for its natural fermentation ability, but new generation biofuels require the development of strain more and more robust, able to face conditions imposed by the process that should be as cheaper and more profitable as possible. In this direction, processes that use lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production (the so called second generation biofuels) are still in development (NEMO project-Novel high performance Enzymes and Micro-Organisms for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, seventh framework program). This means that the cell factory has to be deeper and deeper investigated in structures and pathways trying to find good targets for improving the robustness. Among the many different functions, cell cytoplasmic membrane plays a key role in cell homeostasis and is deeply involved in facing and reacting to stressing conditions, so it can represent a good target for direct improvements of laboratory as well as industrial strains. Fishing in Arabidopsis thaliana genome, a potentially interesting gene was found, codifying for a Temperature Induced Lipocalin, named TIL. As it has positive effects in plants in unfavourable situations (Charron et al., 2008), TIL was expressed in S. cerevisiae and the recombinant strains compared with the parental counterpart under some of the stresses typical of industrial processes. The recombinant yeasts show an increased tolerance towards heat shock and to the presence of hydrogen peroxide and organic acids. In detail TIL expressing strain generate lower levels of ROS and accumulate less amounts of reactive electrophile species generated after membrane lipids fragmentation. Another industrial field that is gaining more and more importance is represented by bioplastics not coming from petrochemical sources. Vegetable oils derived fatty acids are interesting as bulk compounds for the synthesis of biopolymers, even if they have to be previously modified to possess two chemically reactive groups at molecules extremities. High catalytic activity and stability together with high versatility in reaction of performed by bacteria cytochromes answered to this need. The heterologous expressed B. subtilis cytochrome CYP102A2 in S. cerevisiae showed some activity, measured in terms of NADPH consumption towards fatty acids of different chain length, interestingly also towards short chain fatty acids. However as CYP is able to catalyze different type of reaction involving NADPH consumption (hydroxylation, oxidation and epooxidation as example), the products will be further characterized to understand what kind of modifications are carried out on the tested substrates. Considering the valuable reactions that cytochromes P450 are able to catalyze on a vast variety of substrates (fatty acids, steroids and a multitude of non natural compounds such as drugs, organic solvents and hydrocarbon products), their successful expression in yeast could open the possibility to develop sustainable processes in alternative to classical chemical synthesis. Because of the nice and positive results, S. cereviasiae potential as cell factory was deeper exploited for the expression of a whole plant biosynthetic pathway. In detail, yeast was engineered to express the pathway leadind to the formation of glucobrassicin, a nutraceutical indicated as a potential cancer chemoprotective agent. In this work we describe the construction of a recombinant S. cerevisiae strain able to produce glucobrassicin. Despite some investigation about possible strain optimization through the employment of multicopy plasmids, the final producer will exploit only integrative vectors and the described findings and the process of production were deposited as patent application [Mauro Magnani, E. Bartolucci, Danilo Porro, Paola Branduardi, Vera Codazzi, Umberto Benatti, Gianluca Damonte, Giovanni Schippa e Stefano Bianchini Sviluppo di una cell factory ricombinante per la produzione di Glucobrassicina]. Specific analysis on biosynthetic intermediates suggest steps on which focusing the attention to further improve the glucobrassicin production levels. Despite the number of biotechnological processes based on engineered microorganisms for the production of metabolites is still limited in comparison with the potentiality expressed at lab scale, the studies about strain robustness and heterologous pathway optimization are going to change that situation very soon.
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Books on the topic "Bulk chemical"

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Anisfeld, Michael H. International biotechnology, bulk chemical, and pharmaceutical GMPs. 5th ed. Denver, Colo: Interpharm Press, 1999.

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United States. Coast Guard. Marine Technical and Hazardous Materials Division., ed. Chemical data guide for bulk shipment by water. 7th ed. [Washington]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard, 1990.

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Hänninen, Saara. Transportation of liquid bulk chemicals by tankers in the Baltic Sea. Espoo, Finland: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2006.

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1937-, Wise Donald L., Levendis Y. A, and Metghalchi M, eds. Calcium magnesium acetate: An emerging bulk chemical for environmental applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Merrow, Edward W. A quantitative assessment of R&D requirements for solids processing technology. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1986.

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Dietmar, Schulze. Powders and bulk solids: Behavior, characterization, storage and flow. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Haasz, A. A. The effect of bulk hydrogen inventory on the chemical erosion of graphite. Mississauga, Ont: CFFTP, 1985.

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Haasz, A. A. The effect of bulk hydrogen inventory on the chemical erosion of graphite. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 1986.

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Hiltmar, Schubert, and Kuznetsov Andrey, eds. Detection of bulk explosives: Advanced techniques against terrorism. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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Lane, J. Physical properties and bulk chemical composition of continental shelf and slope sediments of Australia. Canberra: Geological Survey Organisation, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bulk chemical"

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Jiang, Yijun, Xicheng Wang, Quan Cao, Linlin Dong, Jing Guan, and Xindong Mu. "Chemical Conversion of Biomass to Green Chemicals." In Sustainable Production of Bulk Chemicals, 19–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7475-8_2.

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Schnabelrauch, Matthias. "Chemical Bulk Properties of Biomaterials." In Biomaterials in Clinical Practice, 431–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68025-5_15.

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Zou, Huibin, Guang Zhao, Hui Liu, and Mo Xian. "Bulk Chemical Production: Chemo- and Bio-integrated Strategies." In Sustainable Production of Bulk Chemicals, 1–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7475-8_1.

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Li, Lu, Shitao Yu, Shiwei Liu, Fusheng Liu, and Congxia Xie. "Utilization of Green Chemical Techniques in Enzymolysis of Cellulose." In Sustainable Production of Bulk Chemicals, 139–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7475-8_6.

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Braun, D., W. W. Rühle, and J. Collet. "B-Exciton Bleaching in Bulk CdSe." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 271–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84269-6_82.

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Nieminen, Risto. "Chemical Reactions in Bulk and on Surfaces." In Problem Solving in Computational Molecular Science, 413–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0039-4_12.

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Ramme, Thomas. "Vacuum Conveying of Powders and Bulk Materials." In Vacuum Technology in the Chemical Industry, 311–30. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527653898.ch17.

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Oestreich, M., S. Hallstein, R. Nötzel, K. Ploog, E. Bauser, K. Köhler, and W. W. Rühle. "Spin Quantum Beats in Bulk and Low Dimensional Semiconductors." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 372–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80314-7_162.

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Hu, B. B., P. C. M. Planken, M. C. Nuss, K. W. Goossen, J. E. Cunningham, W. Y. Jan, H. T. Chiu, and C. Mendonca. "Optical Enhancement of Terahertz Emission from Bulk Semi-Insulating GaAs." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 401–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85176-6_151.

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Debiaggi, S., and A. Caro. "Quantum Chemical Molecular Statics Applied to Diffusion of Ad-Atoms on Aluminium Surface." In Cluster Models for Surface and Bulk Phenomena, 405–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6021-6_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bulk chemical"

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Dehghani, N., E. Yousefiazari, and S. Aghili. "P2GS.21 - Bulk Gold/Bulk Rutile/Bulk Gold Sturdy Structure Resistive Gas Sensor for Exhaust Monitoring." In 17th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2018. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2018/p2gs.21.

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Umeda, Toru, Shusaku Daikoku, Shuichi Tsuzuki, and Tetsuya Murakami. "Metal reduction at bulk chemical filtration." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by Christoph K. Hohle and Roel Gronheid. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2257937.

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Zain, W. S. Wan, T. Prodromakis, and C. Toumazou. "A bulk-driven ISFET-based chemical mixer." In 2010 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2010.5709589.

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Luo, Jin, Yiming Zhang, Lu Song, Shuhui Chen, Yuan Bian, Tianyu Li, Yilong Hao, and Jing Chen. "Chemical-mechanical polishing of bulk tungsten substrate." In 2013 14th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2013.6756557.

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Lehmann, Marc, Steven Brunt, John Wyper, Barry Jewson, Gaganjot Lamba, Glen Mcphee, Jas Anand, and Bruce Macgregor. "Optimised Chemical Management for Ichthys Offshore Gas Production." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205647-ms.

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Abstract The Ichthys Field is located approximately 220 km north-west of the coast of mainland Western Australia and 820 km south-west of Darwin. Gas from the Ichthys Field undergoes processing on an offshore central processing facility (CPF) to dehydrate the gas and remove a Rich MEG phase and condensate. The dry gas is compressed and sent to Darwin via a gas export pipeline while the condensate and MEG are pumped to an interlinked floating production, storage, and offtake facility (FPSO) with hydrocarbon processing capabilities. The FPSO also features the world's largest offshore MEG regeneration system. An integrated chemical supply chain has been developed to deliver bulk chemicals from the vendor chemical supply base in Darwin to the offshore facilities. Delivery is facilitated by specially designed platform supply vessels (PSV) that carry bulk chemicals in dedicated storage tanks and transferred to the offshore facilities using bulk transfer hoses. This paper details aspects of the chemical supply chain and describes best practices that have been developed to manage the safe delivery of bulk chemicals from the chemical supplier to the operator.
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Chien, CC, CN Chang, SS Lien, HC Hsiao, KT Tsai, and YI Chang. "Study of various fittings used on bulk chemical supply system." In 2013 e-Manufacturing & Design Collaboration Symposium (eMDC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emdc.2013.6756058.

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Miroshnichenko, Denis, and Igor Miroshnichenko. "The influence of the bulk density of the coal blend on the gross calorific value of blast furnace coke." In Chemical technology and engineering. Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.096.

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Kutuk, Sezai, and Suleyman Bolat. "Levitation force of (RE)BCO-358 bulk superconductors." In SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5078905.

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Song, Q., Z. Xu, W. Lu, P. W. Bohn, and GJ Blanchard. "Structure and Extended Electronic States in Molecular Assemblies of Hemicyanine Amphiphiles." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.wa.4.

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Hemicyanine dyes containing long alkyl chains have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their significance as possible optoelectronic and molecular electronic materials. With large non-linear molecular polarizabilities, amphiphilic hemicyanines are readily incorporated into Langmuir-Bludgett monolayer and multilayer films, forming artificial molecular assemblies with preferred spatial and orientational order [1,2], In contrast to centrosymmetric bulk materials, in which the individual effects are canceled, and the overall bulk second-order susceptibility vanishes [1], highly aligned structures ensure non-zero macroscopic second-order susceptibilities, χ(2). In addition molecular assemblies of these materials have been shown to be characterized by extended electronic states in which the relationship between molecular structure and delocalization of the electronic states is a matter of current interest.
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Sung In Moon, M. Caulfield, and C. W. Extrand. "Measuring hydrochloric acid and ammonium hydroxide permeation in bulk chemical distribution." In 2012 23rd Annual SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asmc.2012.6212885.

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Reports on the topic "Bulk chemical"

1

Richardson, Martin B., Kevin W. Bruening, and Erica M. Gomez. A Higher Fidelity Approach for Bulk Chemical Lethality Calculations. MEVATEC Corporation presented at the Annual AIAA/BMDO Technology Conference (9th) Held in U. S. Grant Hotel, San Diego, CA on 17-20 July 2000. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada380979.

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Lim, Peter. Analytical, Characterization and Stability Studies of Chemicals, Bulk Drugs and Drug Formulations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb233658.

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Kennedy, Alan, Andrew McQueen, Mark Ballentine, Brianna Fernando, Lauren May, Jonna Boyda, Christopher Williams, and Michael Bortner. Sustainable harmful algal bloom mitigation by 3D printed photocatalytic oxidation devices (3D-PODs). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43980.

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The impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB), often caused by cyanobacteria (Figure 1), on water resources are increasing. Innovative solutions for treatment of HABs and their associated toxins are needed to mitigate these impacts and decrease risks without introducing persistent legacy contaminants that cause collateral ecosystem impacts. This technical note (TN) identifies novel opportunities enabled by Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, to produce high surface area advanced material composites to rapidly prototype sustainable environmental solutions for aquatic nuisance species control. This innovative research explores deployment of 3D-printable polymer composite structures containing nano-scale photocatalysts for targeted open water treatment of HABs that are customizable to the site-of-concern and also retrievable, reusable, and sustainable. The approach developed to control cyanobacteria HAB events has the potential to augment or replace broadcast, non-specific chemical controls that otherwise put non-target species and ecological resources at long-term risk. It can also augment existing UV-treatment HAB treatment control measures. The expected research outcome is a novel, effective, and sustainable HAB management tool for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and resource managers to deploy in their HAB rapid response programs. The research will provide a framework for scale-up into other manufacturing methods (e.g., injection molding) to produce the devices in bulk (quickly and efficiently). Research for this project title “Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins using 3D Printed Photocatalytic Materials (FY21-23)” was sponsored by the US Army Engineer Research Development Center’s (ERDC) Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program (ANSRP).
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Novotny, Jaroslav. Preparation of Chemicals and Bulk Drug Substance for the U.S. Army Drug Development Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada382468.

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Novotny, Jaroslav F. Preparation of Chemicals and Bulk Drug Substances for the U.S. Army Drug Development Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb232976.

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6

Gera, Abed, Abed Watad, P. Ueng, Hei-Ti Hsu, Kathryn Kamo, Peter Ueng, and A. Lipsky. Genetic Transformation of Flowering Bulb Crops for Virus Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575293.bard.

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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to establish an efficient and reproducible genetic transformation system for Easter lily and gladiolus using either biolistics or Agrobacterium. Transgenic plants containing pathogen-derived genes for virus resistance were to be developed and then tested for virus resistance. The proposal was originally aimed at studying cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistance in plants, but studies later included bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). Monoclonal antibodies were to be tested to determine their effectiveness in interning with virus infection and vector (aphid) transmission. Those antibodies that effectively interfered with virus infection and transmission were to be cloned as single chain fragments and used for developing transgenic plants with the potential to resist virus infection. Background to the topic. Many flower crops, as lily and gladiolus are propagated vegetatively through bulbs and corms, resulting in virus transmission to the next planting generation. Molecular genetics offers the opportunity of conferring transgene-mediated disease resistance to flower crops that cannot be achieved through classical breeding. CMV infects numerous plant species worldwide including both lilies and gladioli. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. Results from these for future development of collaborative studies have demonstrated the potential transgenic floral bulb crops for virus resistance. In Israel, an efficient and reproducible genetic transformation system for Easter lily using biolistics was developed. Transient as well as solid expression of GUS reporter gene was demonstrated. Putative transgenic lily plantlets containing the disabled CMV replicase transgene have been developed. The in vitro ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CMV to neutralize virus infectivity and block virus transmission by M. persicae were demonstrated. In the US, transgenic Gladiolus plants containing either the BYMV coat protein or antisense coat protein genes have been developed and some lines were found to be virus resistant. Long-term expression of the GUS reporter gene demonstrated that transgene silencing did not occur after three seasons of dormancy in the 28 transgenic Gladiolus plants tested. Selected monoclonal antibody lines have been isolated, cloned as single chain fragments and are being used in developing transgenic plants with CMV resistance. Ornamental crops are multi-million dollar industries in both Israel and the US. The increasing economic value of these floral crops and the increasing ban numerous pesticides makes it more important than ever that alternatives to chemical control of pathogens be studied to determine their possible role in the future. The cooperation resulted in the objectives being promoted at national and international meetings. The cooperation also enabled the technology transfer between the two labs, as well as access to instrumentation and specialization particular to the two labs.
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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen, and Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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