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Journal articles on the topic 'Bulk charge transport'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Slonopas, Andre, Benjamin J. Foley, Joshua J. Choi, and Mool C. Gupta. "Charge transport in bulk CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite." Journal of Applied Physics 119, no. 7 (February 21, 2016): 074101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4941532.

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2

Onwona-Agyeman, Boateng, Yong Sun, and Hayami Hattori. "Charge transport measurements in compressed bulk graphene oxide." International Journal of Materials Research 111, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-1110704.

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Abstract Charge transport measurements in compressed bulk graphene oxide (GO) have been studied within the temperature range 15-450 K. Structural properties and surface morphologies of the bulk compressed GO were studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were also used to confirm the presence of graphitic phases and the various functional groups in the GO, respectively. Current-voltage characteristics of the GO measured with gold (Au) electrodes at different temperatures showed no Schottky barrier at the Au/GO interface. At low temperatures and low bias voltages, the electron transport through the compressed GO sample showed no significant voltage dependence, which is consistent with a direct tunneling mechanism at all the bias voltages (0.01 -1.0 V). It was also observed that no Fowler- Nordheim transport mechanism occurred within this bias voltage range.

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3

Tessema, Genene. "Charge transport across bulk heterojunction organic thin film." Applied Physics A 106, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-011-6676-6.

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4

Onwona-Agyeman, Boateng, Yong Sun, and Hayami Hattori. "Charge transport measurements in compressed bulk graphene oxide." International Journal of Materials Research 111, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.111915.

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5

Fitting, H. J., N. Cornet, M. Touzin, D. Goeuriot, C. Guerret-Piécourt, and D. Tréheux. "Injection and selfconsistent charge transport in bulk insulators." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27, no. 13-15 (January 2007): 3977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.02.078.

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6

Kažukauskas, V., A. Arlauskas, M. Pranaitis, M. Glatthaar, and A. Hinsch. "Charge Transport and Trapping in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 1376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.1859.

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7

Juška, Gytis, Kęstutis Arlauskas, and Kristijonas Genevičius. "Charge carrier transport and recombination in disordered materials." Lithuanian Journal of Physics 56, no. 3 (October 17, 2016): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3952/physics.v56i3.3367.

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In this brief review the methods for investigation of charge carrier transport and recombination in thin layers of disordered materials and the obtained results are discussed. The method of charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) is useful for the determination of mobility, bulk conductivity and density of equilibrium charge carriers. The extraction of photogenerated charge carriers (photo-CELIV) allows one to independently investigate relaxation of both the mobility and density of photogenerated charge carriers. The extraction of injected charge carriers (i-CELIV) is effective for the independent investigation of transport peculiarities of both injected holes and electrons in bulk heterojunctions. For the investigation of charge carrier recombination we proposed integral time-of-flight (TOF) and double-injection (DI) current transient methods. The methods allowed us to obtain the following significant results: to determine the reason of the conductivity dependence on electric field strength and temperature in the amorphous and microcrystalline hydrogenated silicon and π-conjugated polymers, the time dependent Langevin recombination, the impact of morphology on charge carrier mobility, the reason of reduced Langevin recombination in RR-PHT (regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene))/PCBM (1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1phenyl-[6,6]-methanofullerene) bulk heterojunction structures – 2D Langevin recombination; and to evaluate that the mobility of holes is predetermined by off-diagonal dispersion in poly-PbO.

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8

Stolterfoht, Nikolaus. "Simulations of Ion-Guiding Through Insulating Nanocapillaries of Varying Diameter: Interpretation of Experimental Results." Atoms 8, no. 3 (August 21, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms8030048.

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The guiding of highly charged ions through a single nanocapillary is simulated in comparison with previous experiments performed with highly insulating polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The simulations are carried out using 3-keV Ne7+ ions injected into capillaries with diameters ranging from 100 nm to 400 nm. In the calculations, non-linear effects are applied to model the charge transport along the capillary surface and into the bulk depleting the deposited charges from the capillary walls. In addition to the surface carrier mobility, the non-linear effects are also implemented into the bulk conductivity. A method is presented to determine the parameters of the surface charge transport and the bulk conductivity by reproducing the oscillatory structure of the mean emission angle. A common set of charge depletion rates are determined with relatively high accuracy providing confidence in the present theoretical analysis. Significant differences in the oscillatory structures, experimentally observed, are explained by the calculations. Experimental and theoretical results of the guiding power for capillaries of different diameters are compared. Finally, dynamic non-linear effects on the surface and bulk relaxation rates are determined from the simulations.

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9

Chen, Chi, Xia Wang, Kai Wu, Chuanhui Cheng, Chuang Wang, Yuwei Fu, and Zaiqin Zhang. "Space charge and trap energy level characteristics of SiC wide bandgap semiconductor." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085118.

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Charge carrier transport and accumulation in silicon carbide (SiC) wide bandgap semiconductors caused by the defect and impurity are likely to lead to serious performance degradation and failure of the semiconductor materials, and the high temperature effect makes the charge behaviors more complex. In this paper, charge carrier transport and accumulation in semi-insulating vanadium doped 4H–SiC crystal materials and the correlated temperature effect were investigated. Attempts were made to address the effect of deep trap levels on carrier transport. A combination of pulsed electro-acoustic direct space charge probing, an electrical conduction·current experiment, and x-ray diffraction measurement was employed. Space charge quantities including trap depth and trap density were extracted. The results show hetero-charge accumulation at adjacent electrode interfaces under a moderate electrical stress region (5–10 kV/mm). The charge carrier transports along the SiC bulk and is captured by the deep traps near the electrode interfaces. The deep trap energy levels originating from the vanadium dopant in SiC crystals are critical to carrier transport, providing carrier trapping sites for charges. This paper could promote the understandings of the carrier transport dynamic and trap energy level characteristic of SiC crystal materials.

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10

Sumets, M. "Charge transport in LiNbO3-based heterostructures." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 26, no. 01 (March 2017): 1750011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863517500114.

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Successful application of the LiNbO3-based heterostructures in the integrated electronics and optoelectronics is mostly determined by the charge transport phenomenon in the LiNbO3 since this affects their basic parameters. Depending on the particular conditions (temperature, applied field, properties of LiNbO3/substrate heterojunction, etc.), various conduction mechanisms occur simultaneously and primarily, they can be divided into two major groups: contact-limited and bulk-limited. Identification and study of the charge transport mechanisms allow deriving the vital physical properties such as the barrier height at LiNbO3 film/substrate interface, charged defect concentration, traps spacing as well as type and drift mobility of the carriers in the LiNbO3 films. In this paper, the conduction mechanisms in LiNbO3-based heterostructures are discussed in detail and electrical parameters are derived.

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11

Hamadani, Behrang H., Nadine Gergel-Hackett, Paul M. Haney, and Nikolai B. Zhitenev. "Imaging of nanoscale charge transport in bulk heterojunction solar cells." Journal of Applied Physics 109, no. 12 (June 15, 2011): 124501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3595669.

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12

Georgakopoulos, Stamatis, Miriam Más-Montoya, José Pérez, Germán Ortuño, Alberto Tárraga, and David Curiel. "Interfacial and bulk charge transport in indolo[2,3-a]carbazole." Synthetic Metals 261 (March 2020): 116308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116308.

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13

Karak, Supravat, Feng Liu, Thomas P. Russell, and Volodimyr V. Duzhko. "Bulk Charge Carrier Transport in Push–Pull Type Organic Semiconductor." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 23 (November 21, 2014): 20904–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am505572v.

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14

Valenzuela, Edgar, S. A. Gamboa, P. J. Sebastian, J. Moreira, J. Pantoja, G. Ibañez, A. Reyes, B. Campillo, and S. Serna. "Proton Charge Transport in Nafion Nanochannels." Journal of Nano Research 5 (February 2009): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.5.31.

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The Nafion perfluorinated membranes are one of the best electrolytes used in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Some methods have been used to study the electrical properties of Nafion; nevertheless, there are some aspects of the conduction process that are not well understood, such as the contribution of the bulk and the interfacial phenomena to the total proton conduction process. In this work the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was employed in a four electrode system to study the protonic charge transport under conditions that simulate the operation of the PEMFC. Two Nafion membranes were evaluated to determine the relation of the activation procedure with the resistance to the protonic charge transference. The results are not only consistent with other measurements but also allow to separate the protonic charge transference process in two stages. Each stage was studied and their electrical parameters were calculated using Electrical Equivalent Circuits.

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15

Yonei, Kenji, and Osamu Omoto. "Computer simulation of bulk-charge transport in small-geometry depletion-mes charge-coupled device." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 68, no. 6 (June 1985): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjb.4420680609.

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16

Jia, Beibei, Jun Zhou, Jiaxin Chen, Zixuan Zhang, Yang Wang, Zepeng Lv, and Kai Wu. "Interfacial Insight of Charge Transport in BaTiO3/Epoxy Composites." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030406.

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Space charge accumulation greatly influences the dielectric performance of epoxy composites under high voltage. It has been reported that nano-fillers can suppress the charge accumulation in the bulk of insulation materials. However, it is still unclear how the nano-fillers influence the charge distribution at the interface between the filler and polymeric matrix. In this work, the dielectric properties and the local dynamic charge mobility behavior at the interface of barium titanate/epoxy resin (BTO/EP) composites were investigated from both bulk and local perspectives based on the macroscopic test techniques and in-situ Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) methods. Charge injection and dissipation behavior exhibited significant discrepancies at different interfaces. The interface between BTO and epoxy is easy to accumulates a negative charge, and nanoscale BTO (n-BTO) particles introduces deeper traps than microscale BTO (m-BTO) to inhibit charge migration. Under the same bias condition, the carriers are more likely to accumulate near the n-BTO than the m-BTO particles. The charge dissipation rate at the interface region in m-BTO/EP is about one order of magnitude higher than that of n-BTO/EP. This work offers experimental support for understanding the mechanism of charge transport in dielectric composites.

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17

Kulesza, Pawel J., and Zbigniew Galus. "Electrode processes and charge transport in bulk redox conducting inorganic solids." Electrochimica Acta 42, no. 5 (January 1997): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(96)00329-5.

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18

Sharma, G. D., P. Suresh, P. Balaraju, S. K. Sharma, and M. S. Roy. "Charge transport and photocurrent generation in PPAT:ZnO bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices." Synthetic Metals 158, no. 10 (June 2008): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.03.009.

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19

Morana, Mauro, Matthias Wegscheider, Alberta Bonanni, Nikos Kopidakis, Sean Shaheen, Markus Scharber, Zhengguo Zhu, David Waller, Russell Gaudiana, and Christoph Brabec. "Bipolar Charge Transport in PCPDTBT-PCBM Bulk-Heterojunctions for Photovoltaic Applications." Advanced Functional Materials 18, no. 12 (June 16, 2008): 1757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200701428.

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20

Yu, Zhaoshi, Leqi Chen, Li Luo, Rui Huang, Zhixin Tang, Peng Xiao, and Yunhuai Zhang. "Combining Bulk Charge Transport and Surface Charge Transfer to Design Titanium-Doped Hematite Homojunction Photoanodes." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 126, no. 9 (February 25, 2022): 4296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00442.

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21

Huang, Jianfei, Jaewon Lee, Max Schrock, Alana L. Dixon, Alexander T. Lill, Kilwon Cho, Guillermo C. Bazan, and Thuc-Quyen Nguyen. "Large-gain low-voltage and wideband organic photodetectors via unbalanced charge transport." Materials Horizons 7, no. 12 (2020): 3234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh01445a.

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22

Khaliullina, Adelya, Liliya Dunyushkina, and Alexander Pankratov. "Transport Properties of Film and Bulk Sr0.98Zr0.95Y0.05O3−δ Membranes." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072229.

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In electrode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with a thin electrolyte, the electrolyte performance can be affected by its interaction with the electrode, therefore, it is particularly important to study the charge transport properties of thin electrode-supported electrolytes. The transport numbers of charged species in Ni-cermet supported Sr0.98Zr0.95Y0.05O3−δ (SZY) membranes were studied and compared to those of the bulk membrane. SZY films of 2.5 μm thickness were fabricated by the chemical solution deposition technique. It was shown that the surface layer of the films contained 1.5–2 at.% Ni due to Ni diffusion from the substrate. The Ni-cermet supported 2.5 μm-thick membrane operating in the fuel cell mode was found to possess the effective transport number of oxygen ions of 0.97 at 550 °C, close to that for the bulk SZY membrane (0.99). The high ionic transport numbers indicate that diffusional interaction between SZY films and Ni-cermet supporting electrodes does not entail electrolyte degradation. The relationship between SZY conductivity and oxygen partial pressure was derived from the data on effective conductivity and ionic transport numbers for the membrane operating under two different oxygen partial pressure gradients—in air/argon and air/hydrogen concentration cells.

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23

Jennings, James R., and Qing Wang. "Charge Transport and Interfacial Charge Transfer in Dye-Sensitized Nanoporous Semiconductor Electrode Systems." Key Engineering Materials 451 (November 2010): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.451.97.

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General characteristics of dye-sensitized nanoporous semiconductor electrode systems are summarized, with a particular emphasis on dye-sensitized solar cells. Properties of these electrode systems which distinguish them from conventional bulk semiconductor electrodes are highlighted. Current understanding of electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells, in terms of the diffusion and multiple trapping models, is reviewed. Alternative transport and recombination theories are also briefly reviewed. Electron transfer at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface in dye-sensitized solar cells is reviewed and recent experimental results obtained by the authors are highlighted. As applicable, common techniques for characterization of electron transport and transfer in dye-sensitized solar cells are described, with reference to case studies where the electron diffusion length in dye-sensitized solar cells has been estimated. The steady-state aspects of the dye-regeneration process are also reviewed, together with the cross-surface percolation of holes in the dye monolayer and the finite-length diffusion of redox species in the electrolyte.

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24

Malasi, Megha, Shivam Rathod, Archana Lakhani, and Devendra Kumar. "Evidence of surface delocalization in ultrathin films of topological insulator in presence of intersurface hybridization and disorder." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 093101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0101268.

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The study of surface transport in ultrathin films of few quintuple layers thick topological insulators (TIs) and its evolution with disorder is important for TI based device engineering. Here, we demonstrate the absence of Anderson localization in surface states of Bi2Se3 films on varying the disorder from the weak to moderate regime. On increasing the disorder, bulk of topological insulator transforms from diffusive to hopping transport while surface remains in quantum diffusive regime. The weak antilocalization (WAL) of surface states suppresses in thinner films, which could occur due to disorder or inter surface hybridization. Our analysis rules out the role of disorder in WAL suppression and shows that films crossover from decoupled surface states to a single coupled surface bulk channel and finally to hybridized surface states on reducing the film thickness. The dephasing mechanism of surface transport strongly depends on the nature of bulk transport. It is dominated by 2D electron–electron scattering for diffusive bulk transport while it is dominated by direct surface bulk charge puddle coupling and surface to hopping transport coupling for bulk in the variable range hopping regime. The surface to hopping transport coupling weakens with intersurface hybridization.

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25

Parisi, J., V. Dyakonov, M. Pientka, I. Riedel, C. Deibel, C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci, and J. C. Hummelen. "Charge Transfer and Transport in Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cells." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 57, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2002-1214.

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The development of polymer-fullerene plastic solar cells has made significant progress in recent years. These devices excel by an efficient charge generation process as a consequence of a photoinduced charge transfer between the photo-excited conjugated polymer donor and acceptor-type fullerene molecules. Due to the paramagnetic nature of the radical species, the photo-induced charge transfer can be analyzed by the help of light-induced electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Upon looking at an interpenetrating donor-acceptor composite consisting of the polymer MDMOPPV and the fullerene derivative PCBM, we disclose two well separated line groups having a strongly anisotropic structure. The line shape can be attributed to an environmental axial symmetry of the polymer cation and a lower rhombohedric symmetry of the fullerene anion. Since the signals were found to be independent of one another with different spin-lattice relaxation times, the radical species can be discriminated via separate characterization procedures. In order to study the bulk charge transport properties, we carried out admittance spectroscopy on the polymer-fullerene solar cell device including a transparent semiconductor oxide front contact (ITO/PEDOT:PSS) and a metal back contact (Al). The temperature- and frequency-dependent device capacitance clearly uncovers two different defect states, the first, having an activation energy of 9 meV, indicates a shallow trap due to a bulk impurity, the latter, having an activation energy of 177 meV, can be assigned to an interfacial defect state located between the polymer-fullerene composite and the metal back contac

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26

Cui, Xiaoyan, Tingjing Hu, Huangyu Wu, Junkai Zhang, Lihua Yang, Xin Zhong, Xiaoxin Wu, et al. "Charge Carrier Transport Behavior and Dielectric Properties of BaF2:Tb3+ Nanocrystals." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010155.

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The charge carrier behavior and dielectric properties of BaF2:Tb3+ nanocrystals have been studied by alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy. The electron and ion coexist in the transport process. The F− ion’s contribution to the total conduction increases with the doping concentration up to 4% and then decreases. Tb doping leads to the increase of defect quantities and a variation of charge carrier transport paths, which causes the increase of the ion diffusion coefficient and the decreases of bulk and grain boundary resistance. When the Tb-doped concentration is higher than 4%, the effect of deformation potential scattering variation on the transport property is dominant, which results in the decrease of the ion diffusion coefficient and increases of bulk and grain boundary resistance. The conduction properties of our BaF2:Tb3+ nanocrystals are compared with previous results that were found for the single crystals of rare earth-doped BaF2. Tb doping causes increases of both the quantity and the probability of carrier hopping, and it finally leads to increases of BaF2 nanocrystals’ permittivity in the low frequency region.

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27

Bertho, Sabine, Wibren D. Oosterbaan, Veerle Vrindts, Jean Christophe Bolsée, Fortunato Piersimoni, Donato Spoltore, Jan D'Haen, Laurence Lutsen, Dirk Vanderzande, and Jean V. Manca. "Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Nanofibers for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion." Advanced Materials Research 324 (August 2011): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.32.

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The use of nanostructured non-conventional semiconductors such as conjugated polymers and metal oxides (e.g. TiO2), opens promising perspectives towards a new generation of solar cells based on the concept of donor:acceptor bulk heterojunctions. In this concept donor material and acceptor material form interpenetrating networks allowing light absorption, charge transfer and charge transport throughout the entire bulk of the thin film. Since nanomorphology is of crucial importance for this type of solar cells, in this contribution the use of nanofibers in bulk heterojunction solar cells is explored in order to obtain highways for charge transport. We investigate in particular the use of P3AT (poly(3-alkylthiophene)) nanofibers and show that the polymer fraction aggregated into fibers can be easily controlled by temperature. We find an optimal efficiency at intermediate fiber fraction and show that it can be linked to the morphology of the active layer.

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28

Lin, Yen-Hao, Wanyi Nie, Hsinhan Tsai, Xiaoyi Li, Gautam Gupta, Aditya D. Mohite, and Rafael Verduzco. "Supramolecular block copolymer photovoltaics through ureido-pyrimidinone hydrogen bonding interactions." RSC Advances 6, no. 57 (2016): 51562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09041a.

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Hydrogen bonding interactions are incorporated into a model polymer-blend OPV system through self-associative endgroups. Supramolecular interactions are shown to increase the resistance for both charge recombination and bulk charge transport.

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29

Stolterfoht, Martin, Pietro Caprioglio, Christian M. Wolff, José A. Márquez, Joleik Nordmann, Shanshan Zhang, Daniel Rothhardt, et al. "The impact of energy alignment and interfacial recombination on the internal and external open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells." Energy & Environmental Science 12, no. 9 (2019): 2778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ee02020a.

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30

Kinraide, Thomas B. "Ion fluxes considered in terms of membrane-surface electrical potentials." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 7 (2001): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01019.

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Ions transported through plasma membranes encounter electrical charges, and associated electrical potentials, at the membrane surfaces. The ionic composition of the tissue-bathing medium influences both the surface charge density and the surface electrical potential. Changes in surface electrical potential may affect ion transport by altering two components of the chemical potential difference (Δµj ) of an ion through the membrane. First, the surface activity of the transported ion will change because of electrostatic attraction or repulsion. Second, the surface-to-surface transmembrane potential difference will change. (This is different from the bulk-phase-to-bulk-phase transmembrane potential difference measured with microelectrodes.) These changes in the components of the chemical potential may change the flux of an ion through the membrane even if the surface-to-surface Δµj (equal to the bulk-phase-to-bulk-phase Δµj ) remains constant. The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) flux equation does not take into account these surface-potential effects. The equation has been modified to incorporate surface potentials computed by a Gouy-Chapman-Stern model and surface ion activities computed by Nernst equations. The modified equation (despite several additional deficiencies of the GHK model) successfully predicts many transport phenomena not predicted by the standard GHK equation. Thus electrostatic effects may account for saturation, cis- and trans-inhibition, rectification, voltage gating, shifts in voltage optima, and other phenomena also attributable to other mechanisms.

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31

Wetzelaer, Gert-Jan A. H., and Paul W. M. Blom. "Electron and hole transport in solution-processed fullerenes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 45 (2021): 16068–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc90228h.

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Methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester and its derivatives have been the workhorse acceptors in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells for more than two decades. Here, an overview of their charge transport properties is given.

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32

Blázquez Martínez, Alfredo, Patrick Grysan, Stéphanie Girod, Sebastjan Glinsek, and Torsten Granzow. "Direct evidence for bulk photovoltaic charge transport in a ferroelectric polycrystalline film." Scripta Materialia 211 (April 2022): 114498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.114498.

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33

Fall, S., L. Biniek, N. Leclerc, P. Lévêque, and T. Heiser. "Ambipolar charge transport in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunctions for different polymer side-chains." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 12 (September 17, 2012): 123301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4754590.

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34

Bell, July T., and Genene T. Mola. "Improved charge transport in P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction PV cell under ambient environment." Physica B: Condensed Matter 437 (March 2014): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2013.12.034.

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35

Mallajosyula, Arun Tej, S. Sundar Kumar Iyer, and Baquer Mazhari. "Charge transport in polythiophene:fullerene:nanotube bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices investigated by impedance spectroscopy." Current Applied Physics 13, no. 4 (June 2013): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2012.11.007.

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36

Slobodyan, O. V., E. L. Danielson, S. J. Moench, J. A. Dinser, M. Gutierrez, D. A. Vanden Bout, B. J. Holliday, and A. Dodabalapur. "Unusual charge transport and reduced bimolecular recombination in PDTSiTzTz:PC71BM bulk heterojunction blend." Semiconductor Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (May 22, 2015): 064006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/30/6/064006.

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37

Watanabe, T., T. Maeda, K. Yamashita, and H. Yanagi. "Carrier transport and charge transfer properties in coumarin-doped bulk-heterojunction materials." physica status solidi (c) 9, no. 12 (November 9, 2012): 2399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.201200171.

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38

Martin, Johannes, Melanie Gräf, Thilo Kramer, Christian Jooss, Min-Ju Choe, Katsuyo Thornton, and Karl-Michael Weitzel. "Charge attachment induced transport – bulk and grain boundary diffusion of potassium in PrMnO3." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 15 (2017): 9762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp00198c.

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39

Ghimire, Mohan Kumar, Donguk Kim, and Yun Daniel Park. "Contribution of both bulk and surface states on photothermoelectric transport in epitaxial Bi₂Se₃ thin films." AIP Advances 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 055021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091706.

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Probing the surface states in Bi2Se3 via electronic transport measurements is difficult due to the significantly larger numbers of bulk carriers. Herein, we report the contribution of both bulk and surface states on the measured photocurrent at room temperature and the electrical transport measurements at low temperatures in an epitaxial thin film of intrinsic Bi2Se3 capped with a high K dielectric, Al2O3. The measured photocurrent continuously increases when the gate voltage is swept toward the negative side from 10 to −10 V, indicating the movement of the Fermi level below the conduction band edge. Moreover, the contribution of the surface state conduction increases when the Fermi level moves inside the bandgap toward the Dirac point. Furthermore, the measured Seebeck coefficient (S) continuously increases with sweeping gate voltage from 10 to −10 V. Similar correlations of the photocurrent and S value with the gate voltage illustrate the contribution of the photothermoelectric effect due to the conduction of both bulk and surface states. Additionally, the ambipolar charge transport was observed in the electrical measurement at 32 K for the four-probe configuration. The ambipolar charge transport is possibly indicative of surface state transport.

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Baldoni, Matteo, Andrea Lorenzoni, Alessandro Pecchia, and Francesco Mercuri. "Spatial and orientational dependence of electron transfer parameters in aggregates of iridium-containing host materials for OLEDs: coupling constrained density functional theory with molecular dynamics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 45 (2018): 28393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04618b.

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Hu, Yupeng, Laju Bu, Xudong Wang, Ling Zhou, and Guanghao Lu. "Field-Effect Charge Transport in Doped Polymer Semiconductor–Insulator Alternating Bulk Junctions with Ultrathin Transport Layers." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 45 (October 23, 2018): 39091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b13601.

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Dai, Shuixing, Mengyang Li, Jingming Xin, Guanyu Lu, Peiyao Xue, Yong Zhao, Yang Liu, et al. "Enhancing organic photovoltaic performance with 3D-transport dual nonfullerene acceptors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 4 (2022): 1948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta09106a.

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Dual nonfullerene acceptors Y6:FINIC with 3D charge transport features are used to fabricate sequential-process heterojunction (SHJ) and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells, and the SHJ outperforms the BHJ.

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Bogach, A. V., S. V. Demishev, K. Flachbart, S. Gabani, V. V. Glushkov, A. V. Levchenko, N. Y. Shitsevalova, D. N. Sluchanko, and N. E. Sluchanko. "Magnetic Phase Diagram and Charge Transport in TmB12." Solid State Phenomena 152-153 (April 2009): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.152-153.45.

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High precision measurements of magnetoresistance =f(T,H) and magnetization M(T,H) have been carried out on single crystals of rare earth dodecaboride TmB12 at temperatures 1.8–30 K in magnetic fields up to 80 kOe. The high accuracy measurements and precise temperature stabilization allowed us to perform numerical differentiation and analyze quantitatively a behavior of derivative d()/dH=f(T,H) and magnetic susceptibility (T,H)=dM/dH in paramagnetic and magnetically ordered phases of thulium dodecaboride. It was shown that negative magnetoresistance anomalies observed in present study in paramagnetic state of TmB12 can be consistently interpreted in frameworks of a simple relation between resistivity and magnetization - /M2 proposed by K. Yosida (Phys. Rev., 107, 396 (1957)). A local magnetic susceptibility loc(T,H)=(1/H(d(/)/dH))1/2 was deduced directly from the magnetoresistance measurements and compared with bulk susceptibility (T,H)=dM/dH results of the present study. Moreover, the susceptibility dependences loc(T,H) and (T,H) have been applied to analyze in detail the H-T magnetic phase diagram of TmB12.

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Wang, Dong Hwan, Pierre-Olivier Morin, Chang-Lyoul Lee, Aung Ko Ko Kyaw, Mario Leclerc, and Alan J. Heeger. "Effect of processing additive on morphology and charge extraction in bulk-heterojunction solar cells." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 36 (2014): 15052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03091e.

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The BHJ film fabricated with processing additive (DIO) exhibits improved phase-separated morphology and efficient charge generation as evidenced by decreased PL and the associated lifetime. The additive also leads to increased charge transport and decreased series resistance by means of the balanced hole and electron charge carrier mobility.

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Armin, Ardalan, Pascal Wolfer, Paul E. Shaw, Mike Hambsch, Fatemeh Maasoumi, Mujeeb Ullah, Eliot Gann, et al. "Simultaneous enhancement of charge generation quantum yield and carrier transport in organic solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 41 (2015): 10799–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc02133b.

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Lee, Chih-Chien, Shun-Wei Liu, Ching-Wen Cheng, Wei-Cheng Su, Chia-Chang Chou, Chun-Feng Lin, and Chin-Ti Chen. "Improvement in the Power Conversion Efficiency of Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Device via Thermal Postannealing of Subphthalocyanine:C70Active Layer." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/585196.

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The authors report an efficient organic photovoltaic device based on subphthalocyanine (SubPc):C70bulk heterojunction (BHJ) via the postannealing treatment. The power conversion efficiency is improved from 4.5% to 5.5% due to the increase in short-circuit current density (JSC) from 8.8 to 12.7 mA/cm2with the expense of decreased fill factor from 52% to 42%. From external quantum efficiency measurements, the spectral shape-independent enhancement over the entire spectrum suggests that the increasedJSCmainly originates from improved charge collection efficiency. To confirm this inference, the hole and electron mobilities in the BHJ are estimated from the space-charge limited current, showing improved transport properties at the optimum temperature. Moreover, the morphologic change is also studied as a function of annealing temperature. A larger grain size is observed with increasing temperature due to the phase separation of SubPc and C70. However, at higher temperatures the strong aggregation of C70molecules may interrupt the pathway of SubPc, resulting in hindered charge transport and, hence, reducedJSC.

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Norby, Truls. "Proton Conduction in Solids: Bulk and Interfaces." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 12 (December 2009): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.214.

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AbstractTruly proton-conducting materials would have an immense impact on sustainable energy technologies for the 21st century, through efficient fuel cells, electrolyzers, and gas-separation membranes. However, proton conduction combined with materials stability seems difficult to achieve, and some hurdles and pathways are outlined in this article. Problems, possibilities, and artifacts of transport across and along interfaces are discussed, linked mainly to space-charge layer properties and engineering of the grain-boundary core and to water in nanovoids. The importance of protons in many semiconducting functional oxides is also explained. At lower temperatures and in humid environments, the presence of protonated cation vacancies (Ruetschi defects) is predicted and is expected to play an important role in photoelectrochemistry, catalysis, and surface transport.

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Zang, Huidong, Yongye Liang, Luping Yu, and Bin Hu. "Intra-Molecular Donor-Acceptor Interaction Effects on Charge Dissociation, Charge Transport, and Charge Collection in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells." Advanced Energy Materials 1, no. 5 (August 10, 2011): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100304.

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Vargas, William E. "Optical, magnetic, and charge-carriers transport properties of a transition metal: bulk palladium." Applied Optics 56, no. 23 (August 3, 2017): 6496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.56.006496.

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Roders, Michael, Matthew A. Kolaczkowski, William R. Hollingsworth, Reilly Seban, Yi Liu, and Alexander L. Ayzner. "Charge-Transport Networks via Small-Molecule Self-Assembly in Conjugated Polymer Bulk Heterojunctions." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123, no. 45 (October 16, 2019): 27305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06177.

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