Journal articles: 'Bujumbura (Burundi)'

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Viateur, HABARUGIRA, NKURUNZIZA Jean De Dieu, and CONGERA Anaclet. "Party Halls in African Town: Case of Economic Capital of Burundi, Bujumbura." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss5.2262.

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This paper proposes a classification of some halls very modern in Bujumbura economic capital of Burundi. A survey whose target population is the set of individuals regularly participating in the various festivals in Bujumbura, the economic capital of Burundi was put into action. An analysis of the data and interpretation of the results is made. These results conclude that there is a visible lack of well-developed halls on international measures in Bujumbura.

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Ndayisaba, Augustin. "Rwanda - Burundi: Political Dialogue as a Method of Achieving Agreement." RUDN Journal of Political Science 22, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-1-105-115.

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The article analyzes the problem associated with the deterioration of relations between Rwanda and Burundi, which, according to various resources, are due to Rwanda’s interference in the internal affairs of Burundi. Special attention is paid to the role of political dialogue in the search for agreement between the two states. Thus, relations deteriorated further after the Bujumbura regime accused Rwanda of involvement in destabilizing the Bujumbura regime as a result of an attempt to support and arm Burundian refugees fleeing Burundi after the failed coup on May 13, 2015, committed against Burundi’s President Pierre Nkurunziza. Rwanda also accuses Burundi of supporting the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR). This diplomatic crisis requires a regional effort to bring both countries to the negotiating table. In this way, the role of interregional organizations, especially the East African Community (EAC), is more significant in order to encourage both countries to engage in dialogue, taking into account that current diplomacy requires multilateralism to discuss and solve the problem. Political dialogue will help relieve tensions and remedy the situation. However, historical, cultural and linguistic rapprochement, are the basic prerequisites that allow both countries to come to their senses and coexist peacefully. The current situation between Burundi and Rwanda is a time bomb, which poses a threat to the security, political and socio-economic stability of the entire Great Lacs region of Africa. For this, regional communities must ensure that Member States respect the principle of good neighborliness and peaceful coexistence, all in the interest of preventing the risk of any conflict and ensuring geopolitical stability.

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Stewart, Kearsley. "A Further Note on Research in Burundi." History in Africa 16 (1989): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171797.

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This short note updates Nancy Hunt's recent report on research in Burundi. While Hunt presented a thorough description of the situation in Burundi as of 1984, my recent month-long visit in August of 1988 shows that a few of the names, as well as some aspects of the protocol, have changed.Although Hunt adequately presented the informal process of obtaining research clearance to work in Bujumbura (attestations from the Centre de Civilisation Burundaise or CCB, mayor's office, university, etc.), the process for any area outside the city limits is more complicated, decidedly more formal, and not always guaranteed of success. Requests for research clearance in all communes except Bujumbura should be directed to Mr. le Ministre Aloys Kadoyi, Ministère de l'Intérieur, B.P. 1910, Bujumbura. The initial request should contain an introductory cover letter, a support letter from your university, and a copy of the research proposal, all in French if possible. Attestations from other sources strengthen a researcher's status in the field outside Bujumbura, but they do not replace the necessary official permission granted from the Ministry of the Interior.

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Dushime, Eunice, Stephen Muathe, and Lucy Kavindah. "New paradigms on performance of SMEs." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i1.1581.

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Small and medium enterprises are major players in the competition and growth of economies. They have been accelerating changes towards achieving Burundi’s vision 2025. Even so, they have experienced numerous challenges which hinder their performance. Those obstacles can be improved by adopting entrepreneurial innovation as a strategy. The focus of this paper was to examine how entrepreneurial innovation affects the performance of small and medium enterprises in Bujumbura, Burundi. The resource-based view and dynamic capability theory were the main theories. This study used positivism as a research philosophy. An explanatory research design was employed on a sample size of 164 small and medium enterprises selected from the target population of 279 small and medium enterprises in Bujumbura, Burundi. The study found that process, organizational, and market innovation all had a significant effect on the performance of small and medium enterprises, while product innovation had no effect. The study recommends that small and medium business owners and managers should focus their efforts on establishing entrepreneurial innovation such as process, organizational, and market innovation to improve their performance and acquire a long-term competitive edge.

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Fridolin NZAMBIMANA, Wael El ZEREY, and Asma El ZEREY-BELASKRI. "Household and related waste management challenges and opportunities Case of Bujumbura - Burundi." Journal of Natural Product Research and Applications 1, no. 01 (September 17, 2021): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/jnpra.v1i01.6.

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Cities in developing countries have been struggling with households and related waste management due to galloping demography, uncontrolled urbanisation, enhanced economic activities, unsuitable environmental governance, low technical and financial capacities, etc. The city of Bujumbura is not an exception. The Government of Burundi developed and made public the National Sanitation Plan, which unfortunately did not improve the household and related waste management service in Bujumbura. This paper attempts to analyse challenges and opportunities of the solid waste sector in Bujumbura through the SWOT scheme and to provide some lasting solutions by favouring a sustainable approach to integrated management of households and related waste based on formal structures through the strengthening and revitalisation of the public-private partnership and informal structure through its recognition and its integration into the solid waste management system.

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Ntiranyibagira, Constantin. "La dynamique diglossique à Bujumbura: analyse de quelques représentations." Revista Odisseia 4, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/1983-2435.2019v4n1id17232.

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L’appréhension de la dynamique diglossique à Bujumbura à travers les représentations linguistiques s’est basée sur une analyse qualitative des données, recueillies grâce à une enquête de terrain qui a concerné 400 locuteurs répartis dans les trois communes de cette ville (Ntahangwa, Mukaza, Muha). Il a été constaté que malgré l’image de «moins utiles» qu’inspirent encore le kirundi et le kiswahili, ces langues commencent timidement à bousculer le français dans certains secteurs socioprofessionnels naturellement réservés aux variétés hautes. Depuis l’adoption en 2006 par le Burundi d’une politique de promotion du kirundi, du kiswahili et de l’anglais, la prépondérance du français est relativement mise à mal au profit de ces trois langues. Cependant, l'anglais, tout en étant érigé en langue officielle, est encore plus une langue que beaucoup de Burundais aimeraient apprendre qu’effectivement perceptible sur le marché linguistique.

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Delphin, Bariko, and Olawumi Dele Awolusi. "Credit Accessibility and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Bujumbura, Burundi." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 15, no. 4(J) (December 27, 2023): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v15i4(j).3656.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of credit accessibility on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Bujumbura, Burundi. The study was guided by the following objectives: i) to determine the effect of creditworthiness to credit accessibility on the growth of SMEs in Bujumbura; ii) to establish the effect of business characteristics to credit accessibility on the growth of SMEs in Bujumbura, and iii) to examine the effect of information available to credit accessibility on the growth of SMEs in Bujumbura. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The target population was 347 and the sample size determined using the Slovenes formula was 186, but 167 respondents participated successfully in the study. The research instrument was a questionnaire and data were analyzed using frequency and percentage tables, mean and standard deviations, and linear and multiple regression analyses. The study found that creditworthiness to access credit had a significant effect on the growth of SMEs (Adjusted R2=0.059, p=0.001). In addition, the study revealed that business characteristics to access credit had a significant effect on the growth of SMEs (Adjusted R2=0.242, p=0.000). Furthermore, the study revealed that information available to access credit had a significant effect on the growth of SMEs (Adjusted R2=0.116, p=0.000). The study concluded that credit accessibility significantly affects the growth of SMEs. Thus, the study recommended that the owners of SMEs should strive to ensure that they have collateral security and proper documentation before they seek credit from financial institutions, SMEs should also form and register an association that is recognizable by law in Burundi. Likewise, the owners of SMEs should seek the support of professional auditors to audit their books of accounts at least every year.

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Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. "Burundi: Social Sciences Facing Ethnic Violence." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 19, no. 1 (1990): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004716070050122x.

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The text of an analysis on Burundi presented by Mr. René Lemarchand on September 22, 1988 before the Africa Subcommittee of the United States House of Representatives was published in the 1989 winter number of ISSUE. As noted, more precise research has been published since this date on the Ntega and Marangara events by people who actually went to “revisit” the country, which is not the case of Mr. Lemarchand, since his last visit to Bujumbura was in autumn 1973.

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Shingiro, Jean Oxas, and Olawumi Dele Awolusi. "Corporate Strategies and Financial Performance among Foreign Commercial Banks in Bujumbura, Burundi." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 15, no. 4(J) (December 27, 2023): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v15i4(j).3659.

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This study investigated the relationship between corporate strategies and financial performance among foreign commercial banks in Burundi. The study used cross-sectional descriptive research design using a quantitative approach. The target population was 219 employees including technical staff and management. A sample size of 142 respondents was determined and simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. The questionnaire was used as the main data collection instrument and data was analyzed using linear and multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that corporate strategy significantly affects the financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Bujumbura (Adjusted R2=0.281, p=0.000). In addition, it was found that competitive strategy significantly affects the financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Bujumbura (Adjusted R2=0.147, p=0.000). Similarly, the study revealed that operational strategy significantly affects the financial performance of foreign commercial banks in Bujumbura (Adjusted R2=0.229, p=0.000). The study concluded that corporate strategies significantly affect financial performance. The study made the following recommendations: management of foreign commercial banks should employ the use of a total quality management system, should make use of a customer relationship management system, should employ advanced and constant methods of market research, and continuously develop new processes of delivering quality services to their customers.

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Yamuremye, Jean Bosco, and Laurent-Charles Boyomo Assala. "Emplois des Femmes dans les Provinces de Bujumbura et Gitega au Burundi : Quels Impacts sur les Conditions de vie des Ménages ?" European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, no. 11 (April 30, 2024): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n11p53.

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Au Burundi comme ailleurs, la femme est vouée à plusieurs occupations dont la participation à l’activité économique. Cette activité est exercée tantôt chez elle au foyer, ce qui est généralement le cas lorsque les enfants sont en bas âge, tantôt en dehors du foyer. L’importance de l’activité économique de la femme peut être analysée à travers la contribution qu’elle apporte au ménage avec pour objectif l’amélioration des conditions de vie du ménage. Cependant, rares sont les travaux qui ont abordé la problématique de l’activité de la femme sous cet aspect au Burundi, d’où la nécessité d’analyser l’influence des facteurs associés à l’emploi de la femme sur les conditions de vie de son ménage. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la façon dont les conditions de vie du ménage sont influencées par les caractéristiques liées à l’emploi de la femme dans les provinces de Bujumbura et Gitega au Burundi. A partir des données de l’Enquête intégrée sur les conditions de vie de ménage, (EICVMB -2019/2020), le modèle logit a été utilisé pour mesurer l’effet des facteurs associés à l’emploi de la femme sur les conditions de vie de son ménage. Le secteur d’activité, le temps consacré à l’emploi, le revenu mensuel et le niveau d’instruction de la femme influencent significativement les conditions de vie de son ménage en province Bujumbura et Gitega au Burundi. Les résultats de l’estimation ont révélé que le fait pour une femme d’avoir un revenu élevé ou très élevé accroît la probabilité de son ménage d’être dans des conditions de vie favorables. En outre, le niveau d’instruction de la femme, qui constitue une porte d’entrée sur le marché du travail et d’accès à un emploi de qualité, demeure un facteur important qui influence les conditions de vie de son ménage. In Burundi as in other countries, women are dedicated to several occupations including participation in economic activity. This activity is sometimes carried out at home, which is generally when the children are young, and sometimes outside the home. The importance of women's economic activity can be analyzed through the contribution they make to the household with the aim of improving the living conditions of the household. However, few works have addressed the problem of women's activity from this aspect in Burundi, hence the need to analyze the influence of factors associated with women's employment on the living conditions of his household. The objective of this article is to study how household living conditions are influenced by characteristics linked to women's employment in Bujumbura and Gitega provinces in Burundi. Using data from the Integrated Survey on Household Living Conditions (EICVMB -2019/2020), the logit model was used to measure the effect of factors associated with women's employment on living conditions. The sector of activity, the time spent on employment, the monthly income and the level of education of the woman significantly influence the living conditions of her household in Bujumbura and Gitega provinces in Burundi. The estimation results showed that woman who has a high or very high income increases the probability of her household being in favorable living conditions. In addition, a woman's level of education, which constitutes a gateway to the labor market and access to quality employment, remains an important factor influencing the living conditions of her household.

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Kabuye and Christine Deslaurier. "« Dans la pierre » : retour d’expériences à Mpimba (Bujumbura, Burundi)." Politique africaine 155, no. 3 (2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/polaf.155.0165.

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Swinne, D., M. Deppner, S. Maniratunga, R. Laroche, J. J. Floch, and P. Kadende. "AIDS-associated cryptococcosis in Bujumbura, Burundi: an epidemiological study." Medical Mycology 29, no. 1 (January 1991): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681219180000051.

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Hunt, Nancy. "Research Protocol and Resources in Burundi." History in Africa 14 (1987): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171853.

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Information on the existence and resources of African libraries and archives is scanty at best, and the scene changes quickly. No one has attempted to assemble a list for researchers of such institutions and resources in Burundi since 1974, when Daniel Nyambariza provided a list of documentation and research centers and other adresses intéressantes as a preface to his bibliography. No doubt once a very useful list, much of Nyambariza's information is now obsolete. The present report, based on my experiences conducting urban, social history research in Bujumbura in 1984/85, is intended to provide specific information on gaining access to and the availability of documentary sources in Burundi. Private and public libraries and archival locations are included.I have tried to describe Burundi's archival situation from my own experiences as well as from printed information, not all of which I was able to verify. Although there probably exists some small area of duplication between the colonial records held in Brussels at the Archives Africaines and those to be found in Burundi, most of Burundi's archives--particularly low-level, local governmental records--can be assumed to be unique. Although most printed sources are usually more readily available in European or American libraries, I have assumed that a descriptive list of libraries would be an aid to other researchers and have tried to indicate rare and/or locally–generated publications and documents. At the close I have also assembled a list of other potential research locations which I did not visit personally owing to time constraints and the scope of my research.

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Kamanfu, Gaspard, Najoua Mlika-Cabanne, Pierre-Marie Girard, Stanislas Nimubona, Barnabas Mpfizi, Amédée Cishako, Patricia Roux, et al. "Pulmonary Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Bujumbura, Burundi." American Review of Respiratory Disease 147, no. 3 (March 1993): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/147.3.658.

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Sibomana, C., S. Buhungu, D. Ntakirutimana, and D. Nahimana. "Impact of anthropogenic Pollution on Bujumbura Rivers: Toward Rivers and Lake Tanganyika Biodiversity Conservation, Burundi." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 28, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v28i1.29.

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Despite its importance, Lake Tanganyika is threatened by pollution especially around Bujumbura, the largest city on its shores, leading to its biodiversity loss, habitat destruction and trophic system disturbance. Hence, the objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the anthropogenic pollution of Bujumbura on rivers using water quality physicochemical and macroinvertebrates community parameters. Four rivers were sampled and two stations, upstream and downstream the city were considered. EC, TDS, NH4, NO2- and BOD5 show high values downstream at all rivers on one hand and NO3- except for Kanyosha on the other hand, while DO values significantly decreased downstream the rivers except for Kanyosha too. This indicates the increasing water pollution from upstream to downstream, what is consistent with the dominance of the pollution-tolerant Chironomidae and Lumbriculidae dowmnstream and high density of the pollution-sensitive taxa from the EPT orders upstream the rivers. The same trend was observed with the reduction in macroinvertebrates diversity as Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness indices are lower downstream than upstream. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that the pollution-sensitive Hydropsychidae and Simuliidae and DO are associated with upstream stations while pollution-tolerant Chironomidae high densities on one hand and higher nutrients’ concentrations, TDS, EC and BOD5 on the other hand were associated with downstream stations.. This study indicates that rivers crossing Bujumbura have caused anthropogenic pollution thathas negatively affected rivers’ ecosystem causing biodiversity loss, community simplification and water quality alteration. More facilities should be installed for sufficient wastewater treatment before it is discharged into rivers and Lake Tanganyika.

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Bangirinama, Frédéric Bangirinama, Bonaventure Nzitwanayo, and Paul Hakizimana. "UTILISATION DU CHARBON DE BOIS COMME PRINCIPALE SOURCE D’ÉNERGIE DE LA POPULATION URBAINE : UN SÉRIEUX PROBLÈME POUR LA CONSERVATION DU COUVERT FORESTIER AU BURUNDI." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 328, no. 328 (July 20, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.328.a31301.

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La question de l’énergie domestique reste une préoccupation majeure dans le monde, en particulier dans les pays en développement où la majorité de la popu- lation utilise le bois de chauffage, le char- bon de bois et les résidus agricoles pour satisfaire leurs besoins énergétiques liés à la cuisson des aliments. Au Burundi, où le bois constitue la principale source d’éner- gie domestique avec 96,6 % du bilan énergétique global, le charbon de bois est consommé à 77 % par la population urbaine. Selon une enquête menée sur les grands axes routiers, 56 548 tonnes et 13 552 tonnes de charbon de bois sont respectivement consommées par la population urbaine de Bujumbura et Gitega, soit un total de 70 100 tonnes. La consommation annuelle estimée s’élève à 104 718 tonnes de charbon de bois pour la seule population urbaine. Cette consommation par la population de Gitega et Bujumbura entraîne une perte annuelle de 3 505 à 4 673 ha de couvertforestier, soit annuellement entre 5 236 et 6 980 ha si l’on extrapole ces chiffres à l’ensemble de la population urbaine du Burundi. À ce rythme, le couvert forestier du Burundi, estimé à 171 625 ha, pourrait disparaître dans 25 à 33 ans. Pour garan- tir la durabilité du système d’approvi- sionnement énergétique de la population urbaine burundaise, de nouvelles tech- niques et pratiques doivent être adoptées, comme la plantation d’arbres le long des axes routiers, la régénération naturelle assistée, la recherche d’espèces et varié- tés mieux adaptées et plus rentables, le recours aux énergies renouvelables, la valorisation énergétique des déchets et l’amélioration de l’efficience énergétique (foyers améliorés, par exemple).

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LAELY, THOMAS. "Peasants, Local Communities, and Central Power in Burundi." Journal of Modern African Studies 35, no. 4 (December 1997): 695–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002590.

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Today Burundi resembles a torn-apart patchwork of Batutsi and Bahutu colonies by being divided territorially into almost isolated enclaves, ethnically purified to a high degree, and more or less closed off from their surrounding areas. Most Batutsi believe that they can only live in security if sheltered by the army in various urban agglomerations, including the capital, Bujumbura. By way of contrast, most Bahutu are to be found in the hills of the countryside in an often entrenched and hidden way, and close to economic self-sufficiency. Such an unusual situation is undoubtedly a big challenge to the relations that need to be established between state authorities and citizens in rural as well as urban areas.

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Kabanyegeye, Henri, Yannick Useni Sikuzani, Kouagou Raoul Sambieni, Didier Mbarushimana, Tatien Masharabu, and Jan Bogaert. "Analysis of Anthropogenic Disturbances of Green Spaces along an Urban–Rural Gradient of the City of Bujumbura (Burundi)." Land 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2023): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020465.

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Bujumbura city has diversified but unevenly distributed green spaces. The typology and anthropogenic disturbances of these green spaces are still unknown. This study presents a typology of green spaces along the urban–rural gradient through a literature review. It assesses the presence of anthropogenic disturbances through inventories in 100 m × 100 m grids. Data reveal that Bujumbura’s green spaces are made up of green squares concentrated exclusively in urban areas, cemeteries present in peri-urban areas and sports green spaces observable all along the urbanization gradient. These green spaces are more exposed to trampling, which is more present in administrative entities with a peri-urban morphological status, as opposed to various constructions in administrative entities with an urban status. Finally, significative pairwise associations of anthropogenic disturbances were observed. The results show the need to protect these green spaces from all kinds of anthropogenic disturbances by raising the eco-responsible awareness of the population and the municipal authorities.

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Ndirahisha, Eugène, Thierry Sibomana, Joseph Nyandwi, Ramadhan Nyandwi, Sébastien Manirakiza, Patrice Barasukana, Hermenegilde Nahayo, and Elysée Baransaka. "Pulmonary embolism in Bujumbura." RUDN Journal of Medicine 25, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2021-25-4-298-305.

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Relevance . Pulmonary embolism constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. In Africa, data are still difficult to obtain. Thus, the objectives of this work is to describe epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic aspects and short-term outcomes of pulmonary embolism confirmed by thoracic angioscan at Kira hospital in Bujumbura, the biggest city of Burundi with population about 375 000. Patients and Methods . This was a descriptive study of 18 patients who had a pulmonary embolism confirmed by thoracic angioscan in Bujumbura from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2018. We included in our study any patient with pulmonary embolism consenting to participate and processing personal data after some clarified explanations in accordance with the World Medical Associations Declaration of Helsinki. For each registered patient, we collected socio-demographic, past history of cardiac disease and factors risk, clinical, echocardiographic and scannographic findings with Wells score. Variables were presented as means and percentages. Results and Discussion. The average age was 53.5 12.3 years with a sex ratio of 1.25 in favor of women. The modal class was the 50 to 59 age group (33.3%). The clinical probability pre-test by simplified Wells score was high in 66.6% and medium in 33.3% of cases. A history of venous thromboembolic disease was the most common risk factor. Dyspnea was the most reason of consultation with 94.4% of cases. One patient died (5.6%) during hospitalization. Six months after discharge from the hospital, we recorded 3 cases (16.7%) of death, 6 cases (33.3%) of pulmonary heart, 3 cases (16.7%) of recurrent pulmonary embolism and one case of vitamin K antagonist overdose with minor bleeding. Conclusion. Pulmonary embolism is common in relatively young population with a predominance of females and chronic no communicable diseases as risk factors. Examination of a patient with an angioscanner is a sensitive and specific clinical study of pulmonary embolism. The outcome is favorable under appropriate treatment in short term.

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Standaert, B., P. Kocheleff, P. Kadende, N. Nitunga, T. Guerna, R. Laroche, and P. Piot. "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus infection in Bujumbura, Burundi." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82, no. 6 (November 1988): 902–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(88)90035-1.

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Niyongabo, Edouard, Yong-Chul Jang, Daeseok Kang, and Kijune Sung. "Current treatment and disposal practices for medical wastes in Bujumbura, Burundi." Environmental Engineering Research 24, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2018.095.

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La Revista. "Tres delegados del CICR asesinados en Burundi." Revista Internacional de la Cruz Roja 21, no. 135 (June 1996): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0250569x0002104x.

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El 4 de junio de 1996, cuando regresaban a Bujumbura (Burundi), dos vehículos del Comité Intemacional de la Cruz Roja fueron bianco de disparos cerca de la aldea de Mugina, en el norte de la provincia de Cibitoke. Durante el ataque resultaron muertos tres delegados del CICR: Cédric Martin, Reto Neuenschwander y Juan Pastor Ruffino.En esta región particularmente afectada por el conflicto, el CICR ha prestado asistencia a miles de personas civiles, suministrándoles agua, medicamentos y artículos de primera necesidad. Como consecuencia de la dramática desaparición de sus delegados, el CICR redujo, en una primera fase, sus actividades en el terreno, con la esperanza de que más tarde podría continuar su labor humanitaria en favor de la población civil burundesa. Pero, el 11 de junio, tras recibir amenazas explícitas contra la vida de sus delegados, el CICR decidió retirar de Burundi a todo su personal expatriado.

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R, Ndayirorere, Ngabire NE, Valimungighe MM, Bagaya L, Mossini J, Banderembako P, and Avakoudjo JDG. "Penile Cancer in Kamenge Univesrity Hospital Center at Bujumbura: A Literature Review for Five Cases." JSM Sexual Medicine 7, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47739/2578-3718.sexualmedicine.1124.

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Background: Penile cancer is the rarest among genitourinary cancers. Data on the extent (incidence and prevalence) and mortality of this cancer are either unavailable or scarce in most African countries, including Burundi.

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Lievin, Ndayizeye, and Sibomana Claver. "Contribution of Terminalia catappa l. to the survival of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Bujumbura City, Burundi." International Research Journal of Insect Sciences 8, no. 1 (August 30, 2023): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/irjis.v8i1.3447.

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The research aimed at showing the contribution of Terminalia catappa to the survival of B. dorsalis. Through fruit incubation, the study was done in Bujumbura city from June to September 2017. Individuals were collected from fruits infested by flies. Fruits were collected in neighborhoods according to the population and fruit trees density. Results show that T. catappa was infested by two species B. dorsalis and C. cosyra with very low numbers. B. dorsalis was abundant in the neighborhoods with low population density and high number of fruit trees. The latter have higher infestation rates than those with high population density and few number of fruit trees. This study showed that T. catappa contributes significantly to the survival of populations of B. dorsalis in Bujumbura city as the latter uses its fruits as host especially in the dry season. T. catappa can be considered an alternative host plant for B. dorsalis used in the absence of its preferred host plants. Practical implications of this research is the use of orchard sanitation for eradicating B. dorsalis.

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Kheria, Mfuranzima, Daeseok Kang, and Kijune Sung. "Rainwater Harvesting Potential in a New Residential Area in North Bujumbura, Burundi." Journal of Environmental Science International 25, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2016.25.3.447.

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Bizimana, Aaron, Bing Wu, and Aicha Abdallah Idriss. "Analysis of Adapted Sewage Sludge Treatment and Disposal Routes in Bujumbura, Burundi." OALib 08, no. 04 (2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107319.

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Kubwimana, Désiré, Lahsen Ait Brahim, Pascal Nkurunziza, Antoine Dille, Arthur Depicker, Louis Nahimana, Abdellah Abdelouafi, and Olivier Dewitte. "Characteristics and Distribution of Landslides in the Populated Hillslopes of Bujumbura, Burundi." Geosciences 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11060259.

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Accurate and detailed multitemporal inventories of landslides and their process characterization are crucial for the evaluation of landslide hazards and the implementation of disaster risk reduction strategies in densely-populated mountainous regions. Such investigations are, however, rare in many regions of the tropical African highlands, where landslide research is often in its infancy and not adapted to the local needs. Here, we have produced a comprehensive multitemporal investigation of the landslide processes in the hillslopes of Bujumbura, situated in the landslide-prone East African Rift. We inventoried more than 1200 landslides by combining careful field investigation and visual analysis of satellite images, very-high-resolution topographic data, and historical aerial photographs. More than 20% of the hillslopes of the city are affected by landslides. Recent landslides (post-1950s) are mostly shallow, triggered by rainfall, and located on the steepest slopes. The presence of roads and river quarrying can also control their occurrence. Deep-seated landslides typically concentrate in landscapes that have been rejuvenated through knickpoint retreat. The difference in size distributions between old and recent deep-seated landslides suggests the long-term influence of potentially changing slope-failure drivers. Of the deep-seated landslides, 66% are currently active, those being mostly earthflows connected to the river system. Gully systems causing landslides are commonly associated with the urbanization of the hillslopes. Our results provide a much more accurate record of landslide processes and their impacts in the region than was previously available. These insights will be useful for land management and disaster risk reduction strategies.

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Niyongabo, Edouard, Rénovat Nkunzimana, and Aloys Ndiziye. "Emergy Evaluation of Treatment Methods for Solid Medical Waste in Bujumbura-Burundi." Open Journal of Nursing 12, no. 02 (2022): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2022.122009.

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Kubwarugira, Gamaliel, Mohamed Mayoussi, and Yahia El Khalki. "Assessing flood exposure in informal districts: a case study of Bujumbura, Burundi." Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research 7, no. 3 (May 6, 2019): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2019.1611494.

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Nibigira, Léonidas, Hans-Balder Havenith, Pierre Archambeau, and Benjamin Dewals. "Formation, breaching and flood consequences of a landslide dam near Bujumbura, Burundi." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 7 (July 6, 2018): 1867–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1867-2018.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the possible formation of a landslide dam on the Kanyosha River near Bujumbura, the capital of Burundi, as well as the interplay between the breaching of this landslide dam and the flooding along the river. We present an end-to-end analysis, ranging from the origin of the landslide up to the computation of flood waves induced by the dam breaching. The study includes three main steps. First, the mass movement site was investigated with various geophysical methods that allowed us to build a general 3-D model and detailed 2-D sections of the landslide. Second, this model was used for dynamic landslide process modelling with the Universal Distinct Element Code. The results showed that a 15 m high landslide dam may form on the river. Finally, a 2-D hydraulic model was set up to find out the consequences of the breaching of the landslide dam on flooding along the river, especially in an urban area located downstream. Based on 2-D maps of maximum water depth, flow velocity and wave propagation time, the results highlight that neglecting the influence of such landslide dams leads to substantial underestimation of flood intensity in the downstream area.

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Niyongabo, T., D. Henzel, JM Ndayishimyie, JC Melchior, A. Ndayiragije, JB Ndihokubwayo, E. Nikoyagize, T. Rwasa, P. Aubry, and B. Larouze. "Nutritional status of adult inpatients in Bujumbura, Burundi (impact of HIV infection)." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, no. 7 (July 1999): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600789.

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Kassankogno, Abalo Itolou, Adama Zongo, Kadougoudiou Abdourasmane Konate, Abdoulaye Nana, Soumana Kone, and Elise Sanon. "Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles et de l'Environnement (CRSNE), Faculté des Sciences, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 40 (December 31, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n40p102.

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L’anthracnose est l’une des principales maladies fongiques du sorgho au Burkina Faso. La présente étude porte sur l’évaluation des performances agronomiques de 11 variétés de sorgho et de leur comportement vis-à-vis de l’anthracnose l’Ouest du Burkina Faso. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est un bloc de Fisher complètement randomisé en 3 répétitions et 14 traitements correspondant aux variétés. Le matériel végétal utilisé a été constitué de 3 lignées et de 11 hybrides de sorgho provenant respectivement du Burkina Faso et du Brésil. L’analyse phytosanitaire des graines a été réalisée, selon la méthode du papier buvard. Les résultats ont montré que les hybrides ESFOEHN et KALATUR ont été les plus précoces. La lignée SARIASSO11 a enregistré la plus grande hauteur, tandis que les hybrides ISQ223, KALATUR et ESFOEHN ont été semi naines. Les hybrides ISQ223 et BRG71098 ont enregistrés, respectivement, les rendements le plus élevé (4590 kg/ha) et le plus faible (1711 kg/ha). Les variétés ISR329, MSP332 et SARIASSO11 ont été les plus résistantes à l’anthracnose, cependant, les variétés ESFOEHN et KALATUR ont été les plus sensibles. L’analyse phytosanitaire des graines, issues des variétés testées, a révélé la présence de Alternaria alternata, Exserohilium rostratum, Aspergilus sp, Rhizopus sp, Drechslera sp et Colletotrichum graminicola. Selon les performances agronomiques et le comportement des différentes variétés à l’anthracnose, quatre groupes ont été identifiés. Des corrélations positives ont été obtenues entre la longueur des panicules et le rendement(r=0,55), entre le taux d’infection des semences au Colletotrichum graminicola et la sévérité de l’anthracnose (r=0,52) et entre la sévérité et incidence de l’anthracnose (r=0,92). Les résultats de cette étude peuvent servir de base pour le choix des variétés de sorgho performantes et résistantes à l’anthracnose au Burkina Faso. Anthracnose is one of the main fungal diseases of sorghum in Burkina Faso. The present study focuses on the evaluation of agronomic performance of sorghum varieties and their behaviour towards anthracnose in western of Burkina Faso. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 14 treatments corresponding to the varieties. The plant material used consisted of 3 sorghum lines and 11 hybrids from Burkina Faso and Brazil respectively. Phytosanitary analysis of seeds was carried out using the blotting paper method. The results showed that ESFOEHN and KALATUR hybrids were the earliest. The SARIASSO11 line recorded the greatest height while ISQ223, KALATUR and ESFOEHN hybrids were semi-dwarf. The hybrids ISQ223 and BRG71098 had the highest (4590 kg/ha) and lowest (1711 kg/ha) yields respectively. Varieties ISR329, MSP332 and SARIASSO11 were the most resistant to anthracnose, while ESFOEHN and KALATUR were the most susceptible. Health analysis of seeds from tested varieties revealed the presence of Alternaria alternata, Exserohilium rostratum, Aspergilus sp, Rhizopus sp, Drechslera sp and Colletotrichum graminicola. According to agronomic performance and the behaviour of varieties to anthracnose, four groups were identified. Also, positive correlations were obtained between panicle length and yield (r=0.55), seed infection rate with Colletotrichum graminicola and anthracnose severity (r=0.52) and between anthracnose severity and incidence (r=0.92). The results of this study could serve as a basis for selection of efficient and anthracnose-resistant sorghum varieties in Burkina Faso.

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Lhuilier, Dominique, Jean Ndoricimpa, Venant Hatungimana, Dominique Rolland, Théodore Niyongabo, and Bernard Larouze. "Prévention des infections en milieu hospitalier : recherche-action au CHU de Bujumbura (Burundi)." Revue internationale de psychosociologie VII, no. 16 (2001): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rips.016.0121.

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Swinne, D., E. Meeusen, M. Deppner, and J. J. Floch. "Recherche d'antigènes cryptococciques chez des patients HIV positifs/SIDA asymptomatiques à Bujumbura, Burundi." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 21, no. 11 (November 1991): 712–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(05)80239-2.

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Sokal, David C., Thaddee Buzingo, Nestor Nitunga, Pascal Kadende, and Baudouin Standaert. "Geographic and temporal stability of HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women in Bujumbura, Burundi." AIDS 7, no. 11 (November 1993): 1481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199311000-00012.

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Lay, Maëline Le. "« Buja sans tabou », un festival de théâtre au diapason des quartiers (Bujumbura, Burundi)." Cahiers de littérature orale, no. 89-90 (September 2, 2021): 133–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/clo.10058.

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Van Acker, Tomas. "Exploring the Legacies of Armed Rebellion in Burundi'sMaquis par Excellence." Africa Spectrum 51, no. 2 (August 2016): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971605100202.

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This contribution explores the legacies of armed rebellion in post-war Burundi, where two of the main political parties, the ruling CNDD-FDD and the FNL, are former rebel movements. It aims to add a micro-political perspective to the discussion on the transformation of rebel groups into political parties, and bring some nuance to the normative underpinnings of this debate. Based on observations of the role of local leaders with an FNL past, and of retrospective popular appreciation for wartime governance by the FNL in its stronghold of Bujumbura Rural, the paper argues that beyond the symptoms of a violent political culture, this legacy should also be understood as a complex source of post-war power and legitimacy.

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Eijdenberg, Emiel L., Leonard J. Paas, and Enno Masurel. "Decision-making and small business growth in Burundi." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-12-2015-0065.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of decision-making, in terms of the effectuation and causation orientation of small business owners, on the growth of their small businesses in an uncertain environment: Burundi. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of primary data from a pre-study of 29 expert interviews, a questionnaire was developed and was filled in by 154 small business owners in Burundi’s capital, Bujumbura. Subsequently, correlation analyses, a factor analysis and regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses. Findings While, on the one hand, the findings show that small business owners who perceive the environment as uncertain are more effectuation-oriented than causation-oriented; on the other hand, the findings show that effectuation and causation orientations do not influence later small business growth. Therefore, other determinants for small business growth in an uncertain environment should be further explored. Originality/value This paper fills the research gap of decision-making in relation to small business growth from the entrepreneurs who are among the billion people who live in absolute poverty. On the basis of Western studies, effectuation might be more present in contexts of dealing with many uncertainties of future phenomena, and that it is often positively correlated with firm growth. In contrast, this paper shows that neither an effectuation orientation nor a causation orientation significantly affects small business growth in a context that can be assumed as highly uncertain.

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Niyongabire, E., and H. Rhinane. "GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES USE FOR ASSESSMENT OF VULNERABILITY TO URBAN FLOODING IN BUJUMBURA CITY, BURUNDI." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W12 (February 26, 2019): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w12-147-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The rate of urbanization growth in tropical areas, particularly in African cities, coupled with a gap in the knowledge of vulnerability and coping capacities increases the flood-related risk in diverse communities. This study aims to evaluate the factors of vulnerability to flooding and to develop a vulnerability index in Bujumbura city, Burundi. To this end, both physical and socio-economic parameters accountable for flood vulnerability have been integrated with a geospatial analysis process based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) methods. The resulting vulnerability index shows that low-income households and their local infrastructures are the most vulnerable to flooding. Another finding reveals that higher vulnerability is due to settlements located in flood-prone areas with unplanned land use and ill-structured development planning.</p>

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Ndamanisha, Jean Chrysostome, Pierre Claver Habonimana, and Gordien Ntahimpera. "Étude de la dégradation de deux boissons industrielles consommées en mairie de Bujumbura, Burundi." Journal of Applied Biosciences 113, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 11201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v113i1.9.

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Yu, Cheng, Shuang S. Chen, Lu Zhang, Qun Gao, Zhaode Wang, and Qiushi Shen. "Changes in water quality of the rivers discharging into Lake Tanganyika in Bujumbura, Burundi." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 21, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2017.1394772.

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Swinne, Danielle, Michael Deppner, Roland Laroche, Jean-Jacques Floch, and Pierre Kadende. "Isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from houses of AIDS-associated cryptococcosis patients in Bujumbura (Burundi)." Aids 3, no. 6 (June 1989): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-198906000-00009.

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Nsabimana, Jean, Sabine Henry, Aloys Ndayisenga, Désiré Kubwimana, Olivier Dewitte, François Kervyn, and Caroline Michellier. "Geo-Hydrological Hazard Impacts, Vulnerability and Perception in Bujumbura (Burundi): A High-Resolution Field-Based Assessment in a Sprawling City." Land 12, no. 10 (October 6, 2023): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12101876.

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Rapid urbanization, demographic pressure, and sprawl of cities are key factors in the vulnerability and damage related to geo-hydrological hazards. Dysfunctional urban services that favor informal settlements are at the forefront of elements that increase vulnerability. Cases of cities that suffer from geo-hydrological hazards are increasingly reported in many regions, especially in tropical countries in the Global South. Yet, studies on such examples are rare and commonly overlook the human and societal components of hazard risks. Here, we focus on Bujumbura, a city in Africa that has experienced rapid unplanned growth and sprawl into unserviced areas because of the non-application or a lack of a valid urban planning law. After filling in the gap in data collected using high-resolution field surveys and focus group discussions, this study highlights various factors of vulnerability to geo-hydrological hazards in the urban area. Indeed, 108 events of flood and flash floods and 81 gullies were inventoried in Bujumbura between 1997 and 2021. These geo-hydrological hazards have had a significant impact, particularly on housing, and have caused increasing displacement of the population. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the inefficiency of the rainwater drainage system in the urban space. Our result demonstrates how the failure of the institutions responsible for urban management is at the top of all the causes of the vulnerability of the sprawling city. We anticipate that our empirical approach is an effective way to obtain concrete information to develop practical strategies to prevent and mitigate vulnerability to geo-hydrological hazards in urban sprawling contexts.

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Newbury, David. "Burundi Without Peasants - Questions sur la Paysannerie au Burundi. Bujumbura: Université du Burundi and Paris: Centre de Recherches Africaines (Paris I), 1987. Pp. 452. No price given." Journal of African History 31, no. 3 (November 1990): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700031327.

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Kubwimana, Desire, Lahsen Ait Brahim, and Abdellah Abdelouafi. "A new approach in the development and analysis of the landslide susceptibility map of the hillslopes of Bujumbura, Burundi." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001724.

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As in other hilly and mountainous regions of the world, the hillslopes of Bujumbura are prone to landslides. In this area, landslides impact human lives and infrastructures. Despite the high landslide-induced damages, slope instabilities are less investigated. The aim of this research is to assess the landslide susceptibility using a probabilistic/statistical data modeling approach for predicting the initiation of future landslides. A spatial landslide inventory with their physical characteristics through interpretation of high-resolution optic imageries/aerial photos and intensive fieldwork are carried out. Base on in-depth field knowledge and green literature, let’s select potential landslide conditioning factors. A landslide inventory map with 568 landslides is produced. Out of the total of 568 landslide sites, 50 % of the data taken before the 2000s is used for training and the remaining 50 % (post-2000 events) were used for validation purposes. A landslide susceptibility map with an efficiency of 76 % to predict future slope failures is generated. The main landslides controlling factors in ascendant order are the density of drainage networks, the land use/cover, the lithology, the fault density, the slope angle, the curvature, the elevation, and the slope aspect. The causes of landslides support former regional studies which state that in the region, landslides are related to the geology with the high rapid weathering process in tropical environments, topography, and geodynamics. The susceptibility map will be a powerful decision-making tool for drawing up appropriate development plans in the hillslopes of Bujumbura with high demographic exposure. Such an approach will make it possible to mitigate the socio-economic impacts due to these land instabilities

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Niyungeko, Christophe, Jonas Ntirampeba, Prudence Bararunyeretse, Benjamin Makimilua Tiimub, Manassé Nihorimbere, and Pierre Ntakiyiruta. "Evaluation of the status of water quality of three swimming pools in Bujumbura city, Burundi." International Journal of Environment 11, no. 2 (October 7, 2022): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v11i2.44652.

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Poor water quality is problematic for the health of public swimmers. This study focused on the water quality of three main swimming pools coded as MS, ES and HC in the city of Bujumbura, Burundi. Water samples were collected from June to the end of August 2020 and analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, nitrates, free chlorine and microbiological parameters (total coliforms and faecal coliforms). Our results indicated that 2/3 of the sampling days showed pH >7.8 and pH<7.2 in the MS and HC pools, respectively. All these pools exhibited high turbidity whereas ES manifested very high value (6.05NTU). Free chlorine appeared very low in the MS pool with contamination by total coliforms (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 1.17x107MPN 1mL-1, <1MPN 1mL-1 and 6.32x106MPN 1mL-1, and < 1MPN 1mL-1 and 5x102 MPN 1mL-1) for MS, ES, and HC respectively. Both MS and ES pools revealed higher thermotolerant coliforms contamination of (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 2.18x104MPN 1mL-1) in MS and (<1MPN 1mL-1 and 2.32x104MPN 1mL-1) in ES, but the HC pool showed a single contamination case with values of <1UFC 1mL-1 and 5UFC1mL-1 throughout the sampling period. Additionally, extreme concentrations of nitrates (104.89 mgL-1) were observed at the ES pool. The findings showed a non-compliance with WHO standards for all three swimming pools and therefore advocates for an urgent need to monitor and treat or change the water frequently for quality assurance of swimming pools.

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Désiré, Kubwimana, Ait Brahim Lahsen, Bousta Mahfoud, Dewitte Olivier, Abdelouafi Abdellah, and Bahaj Tarik. "Landslides susceptibility assessment using AHP method in Kanyosha watershed (Bujumbura-Burundi): Urbanisation and management impacts." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201714902071.

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Koch, Nathalie, Jean-Bosco Ndihokubwayo, Nouara Yahi, Christian Tourres, Jacques Fantini, and Catherine Tamalet. "Genetic Analysis of HIV Type 1 Strains in Bujumbura (Burundi): Predominance of Subtype C Variant." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 17, no. 3 (February 10, 2001): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/088922201750063205.

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Désiré, Kubwimana, Ait Brahim Lahsen, Bousta Mahfoud, Dewitte Olivier, Abdelouafi Abdellah, and Bahaj Tarik. "Landslides susceptibility assessment using AHP method in Kanyosha watershed (Bujumbura-Burundi): Urbanisation and management impacts." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902071.

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The Kanyosha watershed is unstable due to the presence of several landslides, which occupy about 3% of the study area. They are causing major damage which costs expensive to the Government of Burundi as well as to the population residing there and their properties. Roads, schools, irrigation canals, houses, crop fields, etc., are in danger of collapse. These landslides are mostly naturally occurring but can sometimes be reactivated by heavy rains or human activities during the excavation of building materials from the river bed.In order to carry out this study, we used the multivariate statistical classification with weighting of the responsible parameters of landslides risk to reach the susceptibility map of mass movements in the Kanyosha watershed. Remote sensing, geology, morphometry and bibliography were the data sources for the different parameters. Google Earth images, ortho-photos and field prospecting helped us to identify the landslides needed to validate the susceptibility map.During the fieldwork, we observed 34 landslides of different types, which were superimposed on the mass movements susceptibility map obtained using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and compared to previous studies in which the matrix indexing method was used. We found approximately similar results with the consideration of different scales of work. These reasons confirm the validity of the susceptibility map at the level of the Kanyosha watershed, a map which is an essential document for urban planning and land management.

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Irambona, Alfred, and Anne Syomwene. "The impact of classroom context on learners’ achievement in the post-basic school English curriculum in Burundi." Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research 6, no. 1 (September 14, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33292/petier.v6i1.177.

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In Burundi, the academic performance in English for post-basic school leavers is wanting. Many researchers attribute poor academic achievement to the quality of teaching but fail to investigate the role the classroom context plays in learners’ academic achievement. This paper is a report of part of a study undertaken in 2023 on evaluating the instructional influences of the post-basic school English curriculum for learners’ achievement in Burundi. The paper specifically reports on the impact of classroom context on learners’ achievement in Burundi's post-basic school English curriculum. The study used a convergent mixed methods design and was guided by Communicative Language Teaching and Social Learning theories. For data collection, learners’ questionnaires, teachers’ interviews, and classroom observations were used. The research participants were sixteen teachers of English and three hundred and thirty post-basic school learners in the second and third years of the languages section in the Bujumbura Municipality. The research participants were selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data was analysed using descriptive and thematic analyses. The study revealed that teachers provided a welcoming learning atmosphere in their respective classrooms and promoted peer assistance. It was also established that teachers motivated learners to speak English differently, enhancing the learning process. It was revealed that teachers inspired learners in matters of using the English language (mean = 4.29, SD =.883). Moreover, the results showed that the classroom surroundings were generally perceived as noisy (mean = 2.95, SD = 1.327), and most of the classes were overcrowded (mean = 2.81, SD = 1.360). The study established that the classroom learning context greatly influenced learners' academic achievement (mean = 3.405, SD =.5030). The study recommended that the government should improve the classroom context for learners’ optimal academic performance in English.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bujumbura (Burundi)'

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