Journal articles on the topic 'Buildings Thermal properties Testing'
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1
Šefflová, Magdaléna, Martin Volf, and Tereza Pavlů. "Thermal Properties of Concrete with Recycled Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 1054 (October 2014): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.227.
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Currently, the emphasis is put on sustainable buildings; simultaneously, the emphasis is put on energy efficiency in buildings, with respect to this fact of necessity to test thermal properties of new building materials. This article deals with the thermal properties of concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate. Four types of recycled concrete aggregate were used for the production of the concrete. For the testing of concrete, a total of ten concrete mixtures were made, one of which was a reference mixture and the natural aggregate was replaced by recycled aggregate of varying ratio in the other mixtures. Finally, it is possible to say that according to the thermal properties of the recycled aggregate concrete is possible to be used in the same applications as conventional concrete.
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Karamyan, Anna, Karen Movsesyan, and Tigran Manukyan. "Simplification and Improvement of the Efficiency of Testing Thermophysical Properties of Facade Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 906 (January 11, 2022): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.906.77.
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The choice of highly efficient materials for the opaque parts of the building facades is the most effective factor in increasing its thermal protection. A decrease in the coefficient of U-value of opaque parts of a building directly affects the consumption of both thermal energy and the energy demand for cooling. Two-component or multi-component composite materials today occupy a large place in modern construction. This article analyzes the methodology for testing the thermophysical properties of these materials, reveals a new approach to determine to it, taking into account the links between the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of materials. The article analyzes the relationship between buildings and the surfaces of the outer envelope and the dependence of the energy efficiency index of the building.
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Powała, Krzysztof, Andrzej Obraniak, and Dariusz Heim. "Testing a Gypsum Composite Based on Raw Gypsum with a Direct Admixture of Paraffin and Polymer to Improve Thermal Properties." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123241.
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The implemented new legal regulations regarding thermal comfort, the energy performance of residential buildings, and proecological requirements require the design of new building materials, the use of which will improve the thermal efficiency of newly built and renovated buildings. Therefore, many companies producing building materials strive to improve the properties of their products by reducing the weight of the materials, increasing their mechanical properties, and improving their insulating properties. Currently, there are solutions in phase-change materials (PCM) production technology, such as microencapsulation, but its application on a large scale is extremely costly. This paper presents a solution to the abovementioned problem through the creation and testing of a composite, i.e., a new mixture of gypsum, paraffin, and polymer, which can be used in the production of plasterboard. The presented solution uses a material (PCM) which improves the thermal properties of the composite by taking advantage of the phase-change phenomenon. The study analyzes the influence of polymer content in the total mass of a composite in relation to its thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, and diffusivity. Based on the results contained in this article, the best solution appears to be a mixture with 0.1% polymer content. It is definitely visible in the tests which use drying, hardening time, and paraffin absorption. It differs slightly from the best result in the thermal conductivity test, while it is comparable in terms of volumetric heat capacity and differs slightly from the best result in the thermal diffusivity test.
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Blanco, Ileana, Evelia Schettini, Giacomo Scarascia Mugnozza, and Giuliano Vox. "Thermal behaviour of green façades in summer." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 49, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2018.835.
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Building greenery systems can represent a sustainable solution for new buildings design and for existing buildings retrofitting, in order to improve the thermal energy performance of buildings, to decrease building energy loads and to contrast the Urban Heat Island. Green façades can influence thermal properties of a building by means of different important mechanisms: the shading, the cooling, the insulating and the wind barrier effect. Moreover, green façades accomplish heating effect in the cold season and at nighttime. An experimental test was developed at small scale at the University of Bari (Italy) from 2014 to 2016 for testing two different green façades. The plant species chosen were Pandorea jasminoides variegated and Rhyncospermum jasminoides, two evergreen climbing plants. A third uncovered wall was used as control. The thermal behaviour of the plants was analysed during the 2016 summer season, by keeping in consideration the external surface temperature of the building and the temperature of the airgap behind the green vertical systems. The daylight temperatures observed on the plant-covered walls during representative days were lower than the respective temperatures of the uncovered wall up to 7.0°C. During nighttime, the temperatures behind the plants were higher than the respective temperatures of the control wall up to 2.2°C. The results shown in the present research allow delineating the behaviour of the two plant species during summer in the Mediterranean climate region.
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Keprdová, Šárka, and Jiří Bydžovský. "Possibility of Using the Technical Hemp as a Filling Component in External Thermal-Insulation Composite Systems." Advanced Materials Research 587 (November 2012): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.587.47.
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Combining air or hydraulic binders with hemp shives, we can gain a set of new building materials. These products achieve excellent performance characteristics for durable, environmentally sustainable buildings. Being together, these products create natural composite building material that can be used to create insulating elements for walls, floors and roofs and also to create excellent thermal and acoustic properties of the buildings. Hemp insulation material is created by connection of technical hemp shives with a binder consisting of cement and calcium hydroxide. The production process may vary depending on whether the hemp is mineralized or not. It can be generally said that dry components should be mixed at first (binder and shives) and then water should be added. During the production, all components of insulating material must be perfectly mixed. The paper deals with the proposal and testing of new hemp insulation composites. Tests of the hemp insulation described in this paper are not typical representatives of the tests of insulation materials. Due to the doubts about the insulating properties of the proposed material, there was testing carried out in such the ways as if it was the filling material based on lightweight concretes.
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Huang, Jing Yu, Shi Lei Lv, Chen Xi Zhang, and Zhi Wei Wang. "Thermal Properties Analysis of Several N-Alkanes Eutectic Mixtures Applied in Building Envelopes." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 3007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.3007.
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This study focuses on the preparation, thermal properties of alkanes eutectic mixtures (n-Octadecane/n-Eicosane, n-Octadecane/n-Docosane and n-Heptadecane /n-Eicosane) as candidate phase change material (PCM) for low temperature latent heat storage systems in building envelopes. Their melting temperature and latent heat were tested by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The testing values were closed to calculation values of accepted theory that ensured the reliability of those datas. The results indicated n-Octadecane/n-Docosane eutectic mixture was more promising PCM for buildings in terms of melting temperature (25.3°C) and latent heat values of melting (158.2J/g).
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Zhang, Bo, Haibin Yang, Tao Xu, Waiching Tang, and Hongzhi Cui. "Mechanical and Thermo-Physical Performances of Gypsum-Based PCM Composite Materials Reinforced with Carbon Fiber." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020468.
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Phase change materials (PCMs) have received extensive attention due to their high latent heat storage density and isothermal behavior during heat charging and discharging processes. The application of PCMs in buildings would match energy supply and demand by using solar energy effectively, thereby reducing building energy consumption. In this study, a diatomite/paraffin (DP) composite was prepared through a vacuum-impregnated process. The thermo-physical performance, thermal stability, chemical structure and thermal reliability of the DP composite were evaluated. To develop a structural–functional integrated energy storage building material, carbon fibers (CF) were chosen as the reinforcing material. The mechanical and thermal properties of CF-reinforced DP/gypsum were examined. It is evident that the flexural strength and thermal conductivity of DP/gypsum containing 1 wt. % CF increased by 176.0% and 20.3%, respectively. In addition, the results of room model testing demonstrated that the presence of CF could enhance the overall thermal conductivity and improve the thermo-regulated performance of DP/gypsum. Moreover, the payback period of applying CF-reinforced DP/gypsum in residential buildings is approximately 23.31 years, which is much less than the average life span of buildings. Overall, the CF reinforced DP/gypsum composite is promising for thermal energy storage applications.
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Gorse, Christopher. "Guest Editorial." Construction Innovation 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-07-2015-0041.
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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a model for building performance, based on control of fabric and services, and the influence of occupant behaviour. This work also demonstrates where significant change has been achieved through the processes of testing, measurement and monitoring. Modern Man’s impact on the Ecosystem, sustainability and the built environment’s contribution to global emissions are highlighted. The review provides a specific focus on the thermal performance of buildings and work undertaken to recognise and reduce wasted heat energy. Drawing on current research, data on buildings achieving enhanced levels of energy efficiency are presented and underperformance are discussed. While it is clear that domestic properties can perform, the pressure from legislation has been limited and significant gaps in thermal building performance continue. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on a number of current research projects, this paper identifies the emergent methods for testing buildings and assessing fabric energy efficiency. Findings – The research identifies methods suitable for understanding and assessing building fabric performance. Using established methods, the performance metrics identify a significant difference between those achieving the energy efficiency standards and those failing to meet their designed performance. Originality/value – Highlighting the issue of sustainability is commonplace, but few have identified practical process measures that differentiate innovation that can lead to significant improvements in the building stock and identify those failing to achieve target performance.
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Kukletova, I., and I. Chromkova. "Testing of biocidal properties of thermal insulation system during material life cycle." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1205, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1205/1/012022.
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Abstract With the growing number of realized thermal insulation systems, fast growing number of buildings with facades attacked by microorganisms occurs. Such surface attack can occur even in the first years after thermal insulation completion, and it can be a serious problem in a very short time. Problem is both in realization and maintaining of thermal insulation, and directly in the used material. The paper presents results of laboratory experiments on resistance to biological attack, carried out for five commercial materials available on the Czech market. Before the experiments, materials were subjected to accelerated ageing for 4 and 10 years. Resistance testing comprises regulated application of algae and mould strains on samples and incubation in a defined environment. Materials resistant after ageing simulation of the longer time period were found as well as materials susceptible to attack already after completion of a facade set.
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Záleská, Martina, Milena Pavlíková, Adam Pivák, Anna-Marie Lauermannová, Ondřej Jankovský, and Zbyšek Pavlík. "Lightweight Vapor-Permeable Plasters for Building Repair Detailed Experimental Analysis of the Functional Properties." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102613.
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Three types of lightweight plasters for building repair were prepared and tested. The composition of plasters was designed in respect to their compatibility with materials used in the past in historical masonry. For the hardened plasters, detailed testing of microstructural and macrostructural parameters was realized together with the broad experimental campaign focused on the assessment of mechanical, hygric, and thermal properties. As the researched plasters should find use in salt-laden masonry, specific attention was paid to the testing of their durability against salt crystallization. The mechanical resistance, porosity, water vapor transmission properties, and water transport parameters of all the researched plasters safely met criteria of WTA directive 2-9-04/D and standard EN 998-1 imposed on repair mortars. Moreover, the tested materials were ranked as lightweight plasters and due to their low thermal conductivity they can be used for the improvement of thermal performance of repaired masonry. The salt crystallization test caused little or no damage of the plasters, which was due to their high porosity that provided free space for salt crystallization. The developed plasters can be recommended for application in repair of damp and salt masonry and due to their compatible composition also in historical, culture heritage buildings. The added value of plasters is also their good thermal insulation performance.
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Chin, Chun On, and Ying Kong Sih. "Thermal Properties of Concrete Incorporated with Shape-stable Phase Change Material." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 06021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820306021.
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There has been an ever-increasing interest in concrete incorporated with shape-stable phase change material (SSPCM) in recent years for its outstanding thermal performance. In this research, PCM was incorporated into porous lightweight aggregate, namely exfoliated vermiculite to form SSPCM. SSPCMS were integrated with concrete to study their effects on thermal behaviour. Thermal testing was performed using both hot plate and KD2Pro. From the obtained results, it was observed that thermal conductivity and diffusivity reduced by 29% and 63% respectively whereas specific heat capacity increased by 40% with inclusion of SSPCMs. It was concluded that the implementation of SSPCM technology can be seen as a feasible and economical solution for energy efficient buildings.
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Mohamad Hata, Raihana, Rohana Hassan, Fadzil Arshad, and Haslin Idayu. "Effect of Solar Radiation to the Building Materials Properties: A Review." Scientific Research Journal 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v13i2.5450.
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This paper provides a review on the effect of solar radiation to the different building materials properties. Solar radiation; watt per meter square [W/m2] is one of the cause for thermal gain in building envelopes. Buildings envelopes comprises of various materials. Different materials have different rate of heat absorption depends on their emissivity and other parameters. The three materials studied in this paper are concrete, timber and composites materials. According to the radiation heat equation, heat rate are affected by the surface area of exposed envelope (A) measure in meter (m), emissivity of the building exposed surface (ε) and the temperature difference between envelope exposed surface (Ts) and temperature of equivalent atmosphere (Tsky) measure in oC. Based on the parameters, research methodology was adopted either by software simulation or test field experimental. Solar radiation affects the materials in various ways, depends on parameters considered, location of testing and type of materials.
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Mohamad Hata, Raihana, Rohana Hassan, Fadzil Arshad, and Haslin Idayu. "Effect of Solar Radiation to the Building Materials Properties: A Review." Scientific Research Journal 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v13i2.9375.
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This paper provides a review on the effect of solar radiation to the different building materials properties. Solar radiation; watt per meter square [W/m2] is one of the cause for thermal gain in building envelopes. Buildings envelopes comprises of various materials. Different materials have different rate of heat absorption depends on their emissivity and other parameters. The three materials studied in this paper are concrete, timber and composites materials. According to the radiation heat equation, heat rate are affected by the surface area of exposed envelope (A) measure in meter (m), emissivity of the building exposed surface (ε) and the temperature difference between envelope exposed surface (Ts) and temperature of equivalent atmosphere (Tsky) measure in 0C. Based on the parameters, research methodology was adopted either by software simulation or test field experimental. Solar radiation affects the materials in various ways, depends on parameters considered, location of testing and type of materials.
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Charvátová, Hana, Martin Zálešák, Martin Kolácˇek, and Stanislav Sehnálek. "Experimental and Numerical Testing of Possibilities and Limits for Applications of Phase Changed Materials in Buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929201022.
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The paper is aimed atto a study of a possibility to use PCM (Phase Change Materials) to increase the thermal storage properties of buildings. For this purpose, both the experimental testing and computer modelling were performed. The PCM DuPont Energain panel was used for the study of its thermal technical parameters under laboratory conditions. Laboratory testing of the effect of PCM surface treatment showed a double increase in the heat transfer coefficient, but also a decrease of 17 % in the time constant under given conditions. The computer modelling was used for the study of the influence of walls sheathing on the temperature comfort inside the tested room of the wooden house by its passive cooling in summer. Results of the numerical simulations proved influence of the PCM covering. But in the presented model, the PCM covering caused only a slight improvement in the thermal comfort inside the room.
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Antolinc, David, and Kristina Eleršič Filipič. "Recycling of Nonwoven Polyethylene Terephthalate Textile into Thermal and Acoustic Insulation for More Sustainable Buildings." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 14, 2021): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183090.
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The construction and building sector is responsible for a large share of energy and material used during the life cycle of a building. It is therefore crucial to apply a circular economy model within the process wherever possible to minimize the impact on the environment. In this paper, the possibility of producing thermal and acoustic boards from industrial nonwoven waste textile is studied and presented. The nonwoven polyester textile obtained directly from the production line in the form of strips and bales was first shredded into smaller fractions and then in the form of pile compressed with a hot press to form compact thermal insulation boards. The first set of specimens was prepared only from waste polyester nonwoven textile, whereas the second set was treated with sodium silicate in order to check the material’s reaction to fire performance. The experimental work was conducted to define the acoustic properties, reaction to fire behavior and thermal conductivity of the produced specimens. The obtained results show that the thermal conductivity coefficient of specimens without added water glass dissolution is near to the values of conventional materials used as thermal insulation in buildings. The reaction to fire testing proved that the addition of water glass actually propagates the progressive flame over the entire product. It can be concluded that the presented thermal insulation can be used as an adequate and sustainable solution for building construction purposes.
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Wang, Zhang Yuan, Feng Qiu, and Wan Sheng Yang. "Experimental Study of the Thermal Insulation Property of Sedum Linear Roof Module in Real Weather Condition in Guangzhou, China." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1584.
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In this paper, four typical building roof modules, i.e., sedum linear module, lightweight planting soil module, water-retaining board module and XPS module, were experimentally investigated by using the guarded hot box under real weather condition in Guangzhou, China. The testing results were compared and analyzed regarding to three main properties of the roof module, i.e., the top and bottom surface temperatures of the modules, air temperature inside the inner box of the guarded hot box and temperature attenuation characteristics for the thermal insulation of the modules. It was found that the sedum linear module performed well in the thermal insulation property under the typical summer weather condition. The analysis results could be used to assist in the application of the green roof module, and contribute to the energy conservation of the buildings.
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Thiab, Razali, Muhammad Amin, and Hamdani Umar. "Thermal Properties of Beef Tallow/Coconut Oil Bio PCM Using T-History Method for Wall Building Applications." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.11.1627.
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Thermal energy storage using Phase Change Materials (PCM) is now widely applied to wall buildings. In general, PCM which is used for applications on building walls is organic PCM and has temperature range from 0℃ to 65oC. Beef tallow and coconut oil is a type of organic PCM known as Bio PCM needs to characterize by using the T-History Method. The T-History method is more accurate than Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). This study aimed to determine the thermal properties of beef tallow/coconut oil PCM using the T-History method. The beef tallow and coconut oil as bio PCM material was used in this study with the variation are respectively: 100%, 70+30%, 60+40%, and 50+50%. Tests are carried out using the T-History method. From the results of testing and analysis obtained supercooling temperature, melting temperature, specific heat, and latent heat for bio PCM beef tallow/coconut oil. The effect of adding coconut oil mixture to beef tallow caused a decrease in melting temperature and supercooling temperature, while the specific heat and latent heat of bio PCM of beef tallow/coconut oil ranged from 2.96-2.19 kJ/kg.℃ and 101.05-72.32 kJ/kg. The result obtained that this bio PCM material of cow beef tallow/coconut oil can apply, as additional material in wall building applications.
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Thaib, Razali, Muhammad Amin, and Hamdani Umar. "Thermal Properties of Beef Tallow/Coconut Oil Bio PCM Using T-History Method for Wall Building Applications." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.11.1627.
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Thermal energy storage using Phase Change Materials (PCM) is now widely applied to wall buildings. In general, PCM which is used for applications on building walls is organic PCM and has temperature range from 0? to 65oC. Beef tallow and coconut oil is a type of organic PCM known as Bio PCM needs to characterize by using the T-History Method. The T-History method is more accurate than Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). This study aimed to determine the thermal properties of beef tallow/coconut oil PCM using the T-History method. The beef tallow and coconut oil as bio PCM material was used in this study with the variation are respectively: 100%, 70+30%, 60+40%, and 50+50%. Tests are carried out using the T-History method. From the results of testing and analysis obtained supercooling temperature, melting temperature, specific heat, and latent heat for bio PCM beef tallow/coconut oil. The effect of adding coconut oil mixture to beef tallow caused a decrease in melting temperature and supercooling temperature, while the specific heat and latent heat of bio PCM of beef tallow/coconut oil ranged from 2.96-2.19 kJ/kg.? and 101.05-72.32 kJ/kg. The result obtained that this bio PCM material of cow beef tallow/coconut oil can apply, as additional material in wall building applications.
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Barreira, E., S. S. de Freitas, V. P. de Freitas, and João M. P. Q. Delgado. "Sensibility Analysis of the Parameters Affecting Infrared Thermal Images for the Evaluation of Building Pathologies." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.23.
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Infrared thermography is a non destructive testing technology that has been applied to detect buildings pathologies for some decades. The thermograms are affected by several parameters and it is crucial to fully understand them in order to correctly interpret the temperature readings. The infrared radiation is affected by the radiation emitted by the surface and the radiation reflected and emitted by the surroundings. Therefore there are two kinds of parameters that affect the infrared images: parameters connected to the properties of the material itself and parameters connected with the environmental conditions. In this paper we present a sensibility study of the main parameters involved with infrared thermography evaluations to detect building pathologies. To do so, some simple experiments were carried out at the Building Physics Laboratory (LFC) of the Engineering Faculty of Porto University (FEUP). The sensibility study was performed with LFC’s equipment to evaluate how measurements are influenced by emissivity, reflections, absorptance and the meteorological conditions.
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Mousakhani, E., A. Simons, D. Harris, M. Yavarkhani, and A. Anvari. "The reuse of discarded plastic water bottles as an insulating material for external walls in buildings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1218, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1218/1/012051.
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Abstract The thermal conductivity of exterior wall insulation affects the overall energy consumption of a given building. Fiberglass insulation is often used for this application. This research investigated the feasibility of replacing typical fiberglass insulation with used empty Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. In addition to potential cost savings, replacing fiberglass insulation with PET bottles on a large scale could help alleviate the environmental impact of sending these bottles to landfills. A small 8-inch by 8-inch wall section constructed with sheet metal and drywall was used for testing, maintaining a 3-inch airspace for proposed insulation. Thermal resistance was measured with the airspace packed with empty water bottles and comparisons were made to the same wall sections void of any water bottles. Testing was conducted both with and without a 1/2-inch foam board present for comparison. Kapton heaters and temperature sensors were used for the simulation. Preliminary testing showed promise for the proposed application. The effectiveness of the plastic water bottles at providing insulation properties increased with decreasing voltage in both test setups (both with and without the foam board) and was most effective when the foam board was present. Further research is needed to determine how the use of PET bottles for exterior wall insulation can be implemented on a larger scale and how R-values can be improved.
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Zeb, Aurang, Muhammad Abid, Misbah Aurang Zeb, Muhammad Omer Qureshi, Usman Younas, and Irem Batool. "Measurement and Prediction of Thermal Conductivity of Volcanic Basalt Rocks from Warsak Area." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (August 24, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4756806.
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Accurate values of thermal properties of rocks are needed for a number of engineering applications starting from heat losses in buildings to underground geothermal modeling. Igneous rocks are one of the major constituents of the Earth’s crust and are formed by the crystallization and solidification of molten magma. In this work, the thermal transport properties of porous igneous basalt rocks are measured using Transient Plane Source (TPS) technique under ambient conditions with air as saturant in pore spaces. Data are presented for fifteen samples of volcanic basalt rocks having different porosity values ranging from 0.267% to 9.432% by volume, taken from the place of Warsak near Peshawar city, located in the north of Pakistan. The porosity and density parameters are measured using the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The mineral compositions of the samples are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The specific gravity is predicted using the chemical composition of basalts and is compared with the experimental results. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values of the measured samples are also predicted using the mixing law and empirical models and results are compared with the measured data. Results show that the thermal conductivity of the studies of basalt samples decreases with the increase in porosity values, whereas no significant change has been observed in the thermal diffusivity data. Measured data are significant for geothermal modeling and in predicting heat losses in buildings wherever basalt rocks are used.
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Lišková, Barbora, Petr Jelínek, and Milan Ostrý. "Impact of Hydrophobic Additives on Properties of Clay Plaster." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.92.
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Use of clay plasters in the exterior forces owners to conduct frequent maintenance of the plaster’s surface, which may be damaged by the weather. This paper describes partial results of the research, which strives to develop cost-efficient hydrophobic additives to increase service life of exterior clay plasters. We have chosen 7 hydrophobic materials and added them to the reference prefabricated plaster mixture. Samples of the enhanced plaster were tested to evaluate the additives’ impact on the overall mechanical, thermal and moisture characteristics of the plaster. Long-term testing of the best hydrophobic additives will follow to verify their properties in real buildings. Clay plasters play a significant role for the healthy indoor climate due to the influence on the stability of the indoor temperature and humidity.
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Bassoud, Abdelkader, Hamid Khelafi, Abderrahmane Mejedoub Mokhtari, and Abdelmalek Bada. "Effectiveness of Salty Sand in Improving the Adobe’s Thermomechanical Properties: Adrar Case Study (South Algeria)." Trends in Sciences 18, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.6.
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Adobe constructions have always existed, particularly in the Sahara’s dry and scorching regions. This material has a high thermal inertia and can protect buildings from inclement weather. Its mechanical resistance, on the other hand, is still low and has to be increased. The current research, thus, investigated the effect of sand salinity on the thermal and mechanical properties of adobe. The sand needed to create adobe blocks was purchased from 2 distinct locations. The first one was normal sand while the other one was salty sand rich in SO4- sulfate. We considered different ratios of each sand from 10, 20 up to 90 %. The results showed that the adobe made from the sulfate-containing sand improved the compressive strength by about 36 % from 1.91 to 2.58 MPa, and flexural strength by about 71 %, from 0.35 to 0.60 MPa, and reduced the thermal conductivity by 14 % from 0.86 to 0.72 w/mk. HIGHLIGHTS Improving the compressive strength by about 36 % Improving the flexural strength by about 71 % Improving its thermal behaviour and inertia by about 3 % Testing more of 90 samples Studying two different locations Analyse Mineral and physical Analyse of clay and sands from the arid zone GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Vieira, Ana, Maria Alberdi-Pagola, Paul Christodoulides, Saqib Javed, Fleur Loveridge, Frederic Nguyen, Francesco Cecinato, et al. "Characterisation of Ground Thermal and Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour for Shallow Geothermal Energy Applications." Energies 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2017): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10122044.
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Increasing use of the ground as a thermal reservoir is expected in the near future. Shallow geothermal energy (SGE) systems have proved to be sustainable alternative solutions for buildings and infrastructure conditioning in many areas across the globe in the past decades. Recently novel solutions, including energy geostructures, where SGE systems are coupled with foundation heat exchangers, have also been developed. The performance of these systems is dependent on a series of factors, among which the thermal properties of the soil play a major role. The purpose of this paper is to present, in an integrated manner, the main methods and procedures to assess ground thermal properties for SGE systems and to carry out a critical review of the methods. In particular, laboratory testing through either steady-state or transient methods are discussed and a new synthesis comparing results for different techniques is presented. In situ testing including all variations of the thermal response test is presented in detail, including a first comparison between new and traditional approaches. The issue of different scales between laboratory and in situ measurements is then analysed in detail. Finally, the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of soil is introduced and discussed. These coupled processes are important for confirming the structural integrity of energy geostructures, but routine methods for parameter determination are still lacking.
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Čekon, Miroslav. "Thermodynamic Properties of Reflective Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 649 (January 2013): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.179.
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As a part of introducing new technologies and materials, reflective coatings are among many other materials ones, which have to be taken into account. This article presents the results of a comparative nature aiming to investigate the thermodynamic properties of selected reflective coatings on energy balance for periods of heating. In order to investigate their thermal performance at the external building surfaces dynamic outdoor testing was used. Two comparative coatings and reference standard facing coating were used for various samples. The measured data demonstrates that the representative coating consisting of hollow ceramic microspheres have the same thermodynamic properties as a standard facing coating, while the reflective coating have distinctive thermal performance effect depending on thermal insulation functions of measured samples.
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Zhukov, Alexey, Tatiana Konoval’tseva, Ekaterina Bobrova, Ekaterina Zinovieva, and Kazbek Ivanov. "Thermal insulation: operational properties and methods of research." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825101016.
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Construction system consists of materials with different properties. The use of materials in the design should ensure maximum of its performance and its durability. The use of thermal insulation materials is an effective way to form the thermal envelope of a building, reducing energy costs and increasing the durability of building structures. The properties of materials are determined by their structure, which is formed in the process of technological influences. Formation of the insulating shell of oil and gas industry objects is possible only when considering the special features of the thermal insulation layer in the construction and the use of high-quality materials that retain their characteristics, both in the early stages of operation and throughout the calculation period. The first is achieved by competent design, the second the possibility of assessing the properties of thermal insulation (and predicting changes in these properties over time) directly in the construction site.The methodology for assessing the properties of insulating products includes two main components: testing facility and methodology for assessing operational stability. The methodology of conducting accelerated tests and prediction of durability is tested for mineral wool products of a layered, corrugated and volume-oriented structure. The test results give good convergence with the methods recommended by the building codes.
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Dębska, Bernardeta, Lech Lichołai, and Przemysław Miąsik. "Assessment of the Applicability of Sustainable Epoxy Composites Containing Waste Rubber Aggregates in Buildings." Buildings 9, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9020031.
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The dynamic development of the automotive industry and improvements in quality of life have caused a significant increase in the production of car tires. Unfortunately, when the useful life of these products comes to an end, the problem of their disposal arises. The article presents the results of tests of epoxy mortars in which granules made from waste tires were used as a substitute for sand in the amount of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% vol respectively. The available literature lacks information about resin composites that arise with such a large or complete replacement of sand with rubber waste. Along with the increase in the content of waste, the values of strength parameters of composites decreased; however, a material characterized by very low water absorption, that is lightweight and with a low thermal conduction coefficient was obtained. Using the ADINA program, numerical simulations were carried out regarding the temperature distribution in a part of the building structure containing modified rubber mortar. The results of the simulation confirmed the possibility of practical use of the obtained composite due to its good thermal insulation properties. This approach to testing composites modified with rubber waste is innovative.
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Islam, Md Rashadul, and Rafiqul A. Tarefder. "Determining thermal properties of asphalt concrete using field data and laboratory testing." Construction and Building Materials 67 (September 2014): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.03.040.
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Eremina, Tatiana, and Dmitry Korolchenko. "Fire Protection of Building Constructions with the Use of Fire-Retardant Intumescent Compositions." Buildings 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10100185.
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The influence of basic components of intumescent paint on fire protection properties is studied. The resulting changes in properties are assessed by the intumescence coefficient and thermal analysis data. Influence of the binder polymer composition on fire protection properties under the same conditions was evaluated, quantitatively using the example of fire-retardant water-dispersion paint; the best result was obtained in the formulation based on vinyl acetate copolymers. The brands of ammonium polyphosphate (PFA) from different manufacturers were investigated under the same conditions. The results of the thermal analysis and testing of the physicochemical properties of the samples on various PFAs are presented, with conclusions about their influence on the fire-retardant properties of the paint. The results of the thermal analysis of the influence of orthophosphoric acid, as a modifying additive, on the fire-retardant properties of the paint are presented.
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Fanfarová, Adelaida, and Ladislav Mariš. "The Reaction to Fire Test for Fire Retardant and for Combustible Material." TRANSACTIONS of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsbses-2016-0013.
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Abstract Currently the natural materials become popular building material for houses, buildings and recreational property. The risk of fires in residential timber construction or eco houses cannot be completely ruled out, therefore there is a need for proper and correct implementing preventive measures and application of all available solutions, which may reduce the risk of fire as far as possible, to slow down the combustion process, to protect the life of people, animals and also the building itself until arrival members of the Fire and Rescue Services. Fireproofing of combustible materials is a specific area of fire protection. For scientific research as well as for real-life practice, not only their structural and physical properties, but also fire-technical characteristics are really important. The present researchers mostly focus on fire-retardant treatment of wood that is why the authors of this contribution focused on a different combustible material. This research article presents the experimental testing and examination of the reaction to fire test of the selected thermal insulation of hemp fiber that was impregnated by the selected fire retardant in laboratory conditions.
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Fořt, Jan, Anton Trník, and Zbyšek Pavlík. "Influence of the Heating and Cooling Rate on Thermal Performance of Cement-Lime Plaster with PCM Admixture." Key Engineering Materials 677 (January 2016): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.677.150.
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Thermal energy storage represents an important aspect of building energy conservation. Unfortunately, modern buildings with lightweight building envelopes not provide sufficient heat storage capacity and indoor overheating is a common problem, mostly solved by high performance air conditioning that leads to the higher electricity consumption. Here, Phase Change Materials (PCMs) that allow significant heat storage or release when undergo phase transition can find use. On this account, a detailed testing of a new type of cement-lime plaster modified by PCM admixture with respect to the temperature change rate is presented in the paper. The studied material is based on commercial dry plaster mixture that is modified by microencapsulated polymer PCM admixture. For characterization of the developed material, measurement of basic physical and mechanical properties is done. Within the DSC analysis, the researched material is exposed to the temperature loading ranging from 0 °C to 40 °C, with the temperature change rate of 1, 5 and 10 °C/min respectively. On the basis of DSC tests, temperature of phase change and its corresponding enthalpy are determined. The obtained data show the effect of heating and cooling mode on materials performance in the form of a significant shift of DSC curves. This effect is evaluated and applicability of incorporated PCM admixture for the use in thermal energy storage plasters is discussed.
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Wang, Shuoyu, Ahmed Abdulridha, Julio Bravo, Clay Naito, Spencer Quiel, Muhannad Suleiman, Carlos Romero, Sudhakar Neti, and Alparslan Oztekin. "Thermal energy storage in concrete: Review, testing, and simulation of thermal properties at relevant ranges of elevated temperature." Cement and Concrete Research 166 (April 2023): 107096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107096.
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Stone, Clayton, and Miloslav Bagoňa. "Thermal Responses of Stabilized Rammed Earth for Colder Climatic Regions." Advanced Materials Research 649 (January 2013): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.649.171.
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The paper focuses on thermal properties for laboratory simulation testing to ascertain the viability of low-cement, Stabilized Rammed Earth (CSRE) as an ecological and sustainable envelope structure for colder regions. The results will be used to create a point of reference for the thermal performance of vernacular CSRE architecture, which could be integrated into building law, norms or standards by interested institutions.
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Latroch, N., A. S. Benosman, N. Bouhamou, B. Belbachir, Y. Senhadji, H. Taïbi, and M. Mouli. "Testing of Composite Mortars Based on Supplementary Cementitious Materials: Estimating Durability and Thermal Properties." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 27 (December 2016): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.27.27.
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The growing need for building material resources, and the requirements to preserve the environment, in a vision of sustainable development, has become necessary to study reinforcement techniques, using composite materials. Using local organic or inorganic materials in construction fields and public works is particularly important. Polymer mortar composites (PMC) are usually employed in the building industry as finishing materials, tile adhesive (mortar-adhesive) or façade coating. In repair applications, the addition of soluble polymer (latex) allows improving the adhesion properties of the materials used as coating. The use of mineral additives as partial substitutes for cement, in construction sites as well as in ready-to-use mortars, is an unknown practice in our country. For this reason, we thought it is crucial to study and assess the influence of these additions on the properties of cured composite. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) used in this study are silica fume and natural pozzolan, which necessarily need to be valorized.The present research work aims to use a specific experimental methodology that is able to identify the relationship between the degree of substitution by the mineral additives, the polymer and the modifications to the properties of fresh and hardened cement mixtures. Therefore, five PMC combinations were formulated from different percentages of additions, i.e. natural pozzolan (NP: 25%w), silica fume (Sf: 5%w) and polymer latex (P: 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%w). Their durability factors, such as the porosity accessible to water and capillary absorption rate (sorptivity), were characterized, at different maturities. An attempt was also made to determine the thermal coefficients. The results obtained were compared with those of the reference mortars, made with Portland cement (CEMI). They showed that the decrease in porosity, sorptivity and thermal conductivity depends on the pair “SCMs/polymer”. But overall, the addition of polymer latex and pozzolanic additions have a beneficial effect on the durability and thermal properties of the composite materials.
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Biteau, Elorn, Didier Defer, Franck Brachelet, and Laurent Zalewski. "Active Thermal Method Applied to the In Situ Characterization of Insulating Materials in a Wall." Buildings 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120578.
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An in situ estimation of the thermal properties of bio-sourced building wall insulation components is of critical importance in improving both the energy efficiency of buildings and the development of construction materials with a smaller environmental footprint. Depending on weather conditions, passive methods are not always feasible; they require time to conduct lengthy testing and may lead to significant uncertainties. This article presents an active method based on power dissipation via flat electrical resistance. The method can be implemented regardless of outdoor weather conditions and is suitable for walls with high overall thermal resistance for which the small average component of the through flow is difficult to estimate. Measurements are conducted of both wall input flows and temperatures. An inverse method, derived from a finite difference model of 1D transfers along with a multi-objective approach, enables the characteristics of a two-material assembly to be identified. A multi-objective method was chosen to solve the problems of high correlation between the thermal parameters of the model. However, the method requires the use of two temperature sensors integrated inside the wall. Following a laboratory validation phase on a PVC/plasterboard assembly, the method is implemented on an actual wall. A coating/hemp concrete assembly is also characterized as part of this work program. The thermal conductivity of the hemp concrete block was estimated at 0.12 W m−1 K−1 and is consistent with values found in the literature.
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Zhou, Zifan, Guofu Tu, Feng Xu, Zhaofeng Song, and Na Li. "Preparation and properties of silicate inorganic exterior wall insulation based on thermal energy storage." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191104085z.
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The key to building energy conservation is how to make the exterior wall have good thermal insulation performance, reduce the heat loss of the building?s peripheral structure, develop new exterior wall insulation materials, and effectively achieve energy saving. In this paper, a new type of composite silicate insulation material was prepared by using fly ash, sepiolite fiber, basalt fiber, and cement as raw materials. According to the analysis of the action of each component of the composite silicate thermal insulation material, the composite silicate thermal insulation material is prepared by selecting different raw material ratios, and the fly ash and sepiolite fibers are analyzed by a thermal conductivity measuring instrument and a hydraulic universal testing machine. The influence of water-cement ratio on the thermal conductivity, tensile strength, and compressive strength of composite silicate insulation materials. Through research, it is found that this composite silicate exterior wall insulation material utilizes some abandoned resources to help the building exterior wall to store thermal energy. The preparation process is simple, the insulation performance is good, the mechanical strength is high, and there is great promotion value and application prospect.
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Карпов, Д., and Denis Karpov. "THE ACTIVE METHOD OF CONTROL THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5d35d0b79c34c5.75173950.
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Thermal control refers to non-destructive testing methods. There are passive and active thermal non-destructive testing. With passive thermal control, the test object is characterized by a temperature field formed during its operation. With active thermal control, an additional source of thermal stimulation of the controlled object is used. Thermal control is widely used in various sectors of construction, energy, engineering and transport. The paper proposes a variant of active thermal non-destructive control of thermal conductivity coefficient of building materials and products on the example of a fragment of a building structure made of silicate bricks. The controlled object is subjected to thermal stimulation by an external source of thermal energy until the fixed thermal regime. Thermography of the test object surfaces is performed. The average values of surfaces temperature or individual sections of controlled object are calculated. The heat equation determines a controlled parameter - the heat coefficient of the object under control. The thermal resistance (heat transfer resistance) of the controlled object is calculated with a known coefficient of thermal conductivity. The heat transfer coefficient is calculated with a known coefficient of thermal resistance (heat transfer resistance). The method is implemented in the laboratory. It can be used in field and operating conditions for accurate and rapid determination of the key thermal properties of building materials and products.
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Namboonruang, Weerapol. "An Effect on Properties of Hybrid Fibres Bio-Composite: Sustainable on Rural Building Materials." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.491.
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These are developed to the Eco-composite structure for using of the rural building materials. The chemical and physical properties were carried associated with Ratchaburi lateritic red soil and cellulose fibers for product development. Also mechanical testing, thermal conductivity, leachability, environmental toxic and Finite element analysis (FEA) were conducted for product evaluation.
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Ďurica, Pavol, Mária Ďuriníková, Radoslav Ponechal, Daniela Štaffenová, and Marianna Štúňová. "Thermal Properties of Selected Lightweight Wooden Walls and Windows in the Regime of Long Time Testing." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.450.
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The article presents the partial knowledge of the area of building thermal physics. The goal is to evaluate the measured data of the temperatures the lightweight-construction of external wall, which is made in three different material solutions and three different colored exterior side surfaces and evaluation of thermal parameters of three window constructions from different material and different glass systems. It is a measurement of two chambers of the pavilion type, where the samples are placed on the facade and they are exposed to the real action of external climatic factors. From the inside they are made stationary conditions. The rooms have minimized heat loss of heat passing through interior walls and air filtration.Temperature measurements are made at different places of assessed constructions and they underway continuously throughout the year. The article will publish initial results only of temperature measurements. After completing the laboratory of additional sensors will be able to be processed year round thermal balance observed envelope and opening constructions.
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Hautamäki, Saara, Michael Altgen, Daniela Altgen, Erik Larnøy, Tuomas Hänninen, and Lauri Rautkari. "The effect of diammonium phosphate and sodium silicate on the adhesion and fire properties of birch veneer." Holzforschung 74, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0059.
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AbstractIn built environments the combustibility of wood is a great concern, which limits the use of wood as a building material due to legislation. The reaction-to-fire properties of wood can be altered with the use of fire-retardant chemicals, and most of the commonly used fire retardants already have a long history of use. However, only limited information is available on the impact of different fire retardants on the adhesion properties of wood. Additionally, comparative studies between chemicals from different groups of fire retardants is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of two commonly used fire retardants, sodium silicate (SS) and diammonium phosphate (DAP), on veneer properties, the focus being especially on thermal behavior and adhesion. Thermal properties and combustibility were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), flame test and calorimetry. Glue bond strength was analyzed with an automated bonding evaluation system (ABES) and the leaching of chemicals was determined according to EN84. Additionally, the surface characteristics of modified veneers were imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results revealed notable differences in the thermal properties of SS and DAP, with DAP having better fire-retardant performance in all thermal testing. SS also affected thermal properties and combustibility of modified veneers, but the effect was only moderate compared to DAP. Neither SS or DAP had any significant resistance against leaching but ABES testing showed a notable increase in the glue bond strength of DAP modified veneers.
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Karpov, Denis, Mikhail Pavlov, Liliya Mukhametova, and Anton A. Mikhin. "Features and results of assessment the thermal conductivity of building materials and products by the active method of thermal non-destructive testing." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001053.
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Thermal control (passive and active) is a non-destructive testing method. During passive thermal control, the test object is characterized by a temperature field formed during its operation. In active thermal control, the test object is additionally thermally stimulated. This technique is widely used in various areas of construction, energy, mechanical engineering, transport. This paper proposes a variant of active thermal non-destructive assessment of the thermal conductivity coefficient of building materials and products on the example of a fragment of a building structure made of silicate bricks. The test object is subjected to thermal stimulation by an external source of thermal energy before reaching a steady-state thermal regime. Thermography of the test object surfaces is carried out. The average integral temperatures of surfaces or individual sections of the test object are calculated. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the test object is determined, which is used to calculate its thermal resistance (resistance to heat transfer). After that, the coefficient of heat transfer is calculated. The method was implemented in laboratory conditions. It can be used in natural and operational conditions for accurate and quick determination of the key thermophysical properties of building materials and products.
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Kwon, In Kyu. "Analysis of Structural Stability for H-Section Made of SM 400 According to Lengths and Boundary Conditions at High Temperatures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 3857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.3857.
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A fire can cause serious damage to steel framed buildings so most of countries have fire regulations specifying fire resistance for structural elements. Fire resistance generally has been evaluated by a limited size testing facility. However, the size of columns and beams are different based on various conditions. Especially, the height of column and boundary condition are the main factors that govern the fire resistance of structural elements. To make a basic database for the H-section made of an ordinary grade structural steel, SM 400, an analysis was conducted by using mechanical and thermal properties with a proper theory. The fact findings suggested that the fire resistance for longer and fixed to fixed column were required a new guide line for covering of fire protective materials.
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Kee, Seong-Hoon, Jun Won Kang, Byong-Jeong Choi, Juho Kwon, and Ma Doreen Candelaria. "Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Residual Mechanical Properties of Heat-Damaged Concrete for Nuclear Reactor Auxiliary Buildings in Korea Using Elastic Wave Velocity Measurements." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 2695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172695.
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The main objectives of this study are (1) to investigate the effects of heating and cooling on the static and dynamic residual properties of 35 MPa (5000 psi) concrete used in the design and construction of nuclear reactor auxiliary buildings in Korea; and (2) to establish the correlation between static and dynamic properties of heat-damaged concrete. For these purposes, concrete specimens (100 mm × 200 mm cylinder) were fabricated in a batch plant at a nuclear power plant (NPP) construction site in Korea. To induce thermal damages, the concrete specimens were heated to target temperatures from 100 °C to 1000 °C with intervals of 100 °C, at a heating rate of 5 °C/min and allowed to reach room temperature by natural cooling. The dynamic properties (dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic Poisson’s ratio) of concrete were evaluated using elastic wave measurements (P-wave velocity measurements according to ASTM C597/C597M-16 and fundamental longitudinal and transverse resonance tests according to ASTM C215-14) before and after the thermal damages. The static properties (compressive strength, static elastic modulus and static Poisson’s ratio) of heat-damaged concrete were measured by the uniaxial compressive testing in accordance with ASTM C39-14 and ASTM C469-14. It was demonstrated that the elastic wave velocities of heat-damaged concrete were proportional to the square root of the reduced dynamic elastic moduli. Furthermore, the relationship between static and dynamic elastic moduli of heat-damaged concrete was established in this study. The results of this study could improve the understanding of the static and dynamic residual mechanical properties of Korea NPP concrete under heating and cooling.
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Chen, Dai Guo, Yong Yao, Hai Jun Wang, Yu Ping Zhu, and Jiao Li Zou. "Experiment Research on Thermal Performance of Foam Concrete Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.609.
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Foam concrete is a new building energy-saving material, which has the characteristics of light weight, heat insulation and fire prevention. The use of foam concrete slab with grooves cast roof or wall as a template can reduce the amount of the construction process, the cost of project and improve the structural thermal insulation properties. By testing the thermal defects and heat transfer performance of outer insulation and self-insulated wall, and analysis 2 kinds of wall’s heat transfer coefficient, thermal inertia indicators and technical and economic characteristics with Building Heat Transfer Theory, obtain : Foam concrete self thermal insulation wall indoor a hot environment, thermal stability and resistance against external temperature fluctuations is stronger; foam concrete self thermal insulation wall have a good heat transfer performance, and have better marketing prospects.
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Chen, Fuzhen. "Study on Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Building Energy-saving Wall with Insulation Materials." E3S Web of Conferences 242 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124202005.
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Sodium alginate and natural fiber were used as modifiers to prepare sodium alginate natural fiber type biological composites. The mechanical properties were characterized by universal testing machine, and the thermal properties were analyzed by conductivity, The effects of wood fiber and straw fiber content on the comprehensive properties of biological composite materials were evaluated by relevant instruments, and the feasibility of biological composite materials as building energy-saving wall insulation materials was evaluated. The results show that the flexural strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus of the composites increase with the increase of wood fiber content. When the wood fiber content is 100%, the mechanical properties of the sample are the best, the flexural strength is 0.573 MPa, and the compressive strength is 1.410 MPa. The results showed that wood fiber and sodium alginate binder were closely combined and had good wettability. The thermal conductivity of biological composite is 0.078-0.089w / (m · K), which means it has good thermal insula tion performance and can be used as thermal insulation material for building energy-saving wall. The results show that the properties of the composite can be improved by adding a higher proportion of wood fiber and a certain amount of glyoxal crosslinking agent.
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Gumbarević, S., B. Milovanović, M. Gaai, and M. Bagarić. "Thermal transmittance prediction based on the application of artificial neural networks on heat flux method results." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012152.
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Abstract Deep energy renovation of building stock came more into focus in the European Union due to energy efficiency related directives. Many buildings that must undergo deep energy renovation are old and may lack design/renovation documentation, or possible degradation of materials might have occurred in building elements over time. Thermal transmittance (i.e. U-value) is one of the most important parameters for determining the transmission heat losses through building envelope elements. It depends on the thickness and thermal properties of all the materials that form a building element. In-situ U-value can be determined by ISO 9869-1 standard (Heat Flux Method - HFM). Still, measurement duration is one of the reasons why HFM is not widely used in field testing before the renovation design process commences. This paper analyzes the possibility of reducing the measurement time by conducting parallel measurements with one heat-flux sensor. This parallelization could be achieved by applying a specific class of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) on HFM results to predict unknown heat flux based on collected interior and exterior air temperatures. After the satisfying prediction is achieved, HFM sensor can be relocated to another measuring location. Paper shows a comparison of four ANN cases applied to HFM results for a measurement held on one multi-layer wall – multilayer perceptron with three neurons in one hidden layer, long short-term memory with 100 units, gated recurrent unit with 100 units and combination of 50 long short-term memory units and 50 gated recurrent units. The analysis gave promising results in term of predicting the heat flux rate based on the two input temperatures. Additional analysis on another wall showed possible limitations of the method that serves as a direction for further research on this topic.
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Eremina, T. Yu, and O. V. Sushkova. "An experimental study on flammability characteristics of materials on the premises of buildings of cultural and historical heritage." Pozharovzryvobezopasnost/Fire and Explosion Safety 30, no. 6 (February 3, 2022): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2021.30.06.24-38.
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Introduction. Many cultural heritage sites have been converted into multifunctional buildings, which preserve original architectural and structural solutions but fail to comply with effective fire safety standards in many instants. In the event of fire, safe evacuation must be organized from the facilities, that may accommodate a large number of people at a time. Experimental studies are needed to identify the flammability characteristics of materials that can affect safe evacuation from cultural heritage premises.Goals and objectives. The co-authors suggest a study on the thermal destruction of historical materials, that have been aging in natural operating conditions. The analysis of gaseous products, emitted in the process of thermal destruction, is performed to identify the influence of ancient materials on formation of hazardous fire factors.Research methods. Experimental studies were carried out to determine the fire hazard indicators for various types of wood, used in the operation of the building, to obtain the reliable initial data, necessary to simulate the dynamics of hazardous fire factors (OFP) when calculating the time to the blocking of escape routes from the Winter Palace.Flammability properties of wood samples was identified with the support of the testing laboratory of the PB Research Centre at IKBS NRU MGSU. The studies, conducted using thermal analysis methods combined with IR spectroscopy, were carried out with the support from the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “SEU FPS IPL” in St. Petersburg.Results and discussion. The analysis of the results of experiments on materials, has proven that during the thermal destruction of the test samples, regardless of the age and type of wood, acetic acid is released within a certain temperature interval for each sample along with the release of carbon dioxide, and it affects the parameters of fire hazard characteristics of materials.Conclusions. For the first time in Russia, products of thermal destruction of historical materials have been investigated. The data presented in the article illustrate the need for a further study on gaseous products emitted by historical materials during thermal decomposition. The data obtained by the co-authors can be used to determine the calculated values of the fire risk.
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Siewczynska, Monika, and Barbara Ksit. "The influence of the moisture content in historical masonry walls on the load bearing capacity." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900100.
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The moisture content in historical masonry walls, particularly on the ground floor, caused by i.e. lack of damp insulation, is a phenomenon of common occurrence. It is usually analysed in terms of mycological changes, thermal insulation and frost damage. The paper discusses the influence of the increased moisture content on the weight and load bearing capacity of the structure. The determination of moisture content in masonry elements, performed during the inspection of the building, provides information from which an increase in the structure's weight can be defined. Reliable tests for the moisture content and compressive strength of masonry and mortar components are invasive, and the number of testing in historical buildings should be limited to the minimum necessary to preserve their vintage nature. As a result, the received overall picture of the work of masonry may not be consistent with its actual state since historical buildings could have been rebuilt or repaired, and consequently, contain masonry conversions made of various materials with different properties. Absorbability can serve here as an example as it is a factor that disrupts a reliable determination of load bearing capacity values of masonry structures. The article attempts to determine the change in load bearing capacity of a moist masonry structure compared to the original - in the air-dry state - for various types of historical masonry and mortar components. The main influence analysed was due to capillary action, whereas the effect of other sources of moisture, i.e. salinity, was excluded.
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Viet-Anh, Vu, Bissonnette Benoit, Cloutier Alain, and Blanchet Pierre. "Wood-cement-steatite panels used in replacement of gypsum boards in residential and commercial buildings: contribution to the thermal mass." Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences 8, no. 2 (October 18, 2022): 084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488x.000057.
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This article reports the results of a study carried out to evaluate the influence of wood-cement-steatite partitions on the thermal performance of a small building. The interior walls of two identical 2.0 × 2.5 × 3.0 m experimental wooden frame huts (tiny houses, with one door and one window), designed and built following the National Building Code of Canada, were covered with standard gypsum boards in one case (GB hut) and a combination of gypsum boards and wood-cement-steatite panels in the other case (WCSP hut). The thermal behavior of both huts, located on the campus of Laval University, in Québec (QC), Canada was monitored over a testing period extending from mid-march to the first week of July 2019. Depending on the moment during that period (cold weather, mild weather) and the characteristics being evaluated, the temperature inside the huts was conditioned or not with an electric heater. The following parameters were recorded: outdoor temperature, the temperature inside the two huts, and, when applicable, their electricity consumption. In cold weather, the wood-cement-steatite panels contributed to reducing the electricity consumption by 5.2% over that of the reference GB hut. In mild weather, wood-cement-steatite panels were found to improve the comfort inside the test hut by leveling off the temperature variations, with reductions ranging from 0.3 °C to 3.8 °C. Both the differences in electricity consumption and indoor temperature variations were determined to be statistically significant, with p - values inferior to 0.005. The results generated in this part of the study further strengthen the potential of WCSP as a real alternative to gypsum boards for drywall partitioning in residential and commercial buildings. In addition to their many advantageous constructive properties, such as water resistance, flexural strength, screw withdrawal resistance, and fire resistance, the improvements they could yield in energy efficiency and thermal comfort make it a quite promising partitioning option.
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He, Rui, Nan Dai, and Zhenjun Wang. "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymers Exposed to High Temperature: A Literature Review." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (March 21, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7532703.
Full textAbstract:
Geopolymers are prepared by alkali solution-activated natural minerals or industrial waste materials, which have been widely used as new sustainable building and construction materials for their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The thermal and mechanical properties of geopolymers at high temperature have attracted great attention from many researchers. However, there are few systematic works concerning these two issues. Therefore, this work reviewed the thermal and mechanical behaviors of geopolymers at high temperature. Firstly, the thermal properties of geopolymers in terms of mass loss, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity after high temperature were explained. Secondly, the mechanical properties of residual compressive strength and stress-strain relationship of fly ash geopolymers and metakaolin geopolymers after high temperature were analyzed. Finally, the microstructure and mineralogical characteristics of geopolymers upon heating were interpreted according to the changes of microstructures and compositions. The results show that the thermal properties of geopolymers are superior to cement concrete. The geopolymers possess few mass loss and a low expansion ratio and thermal conductivity at high temperature. The thermal and mechanical properties of the geopolymers are usually closely related to the raw materials and the constituents of the geopolymers. Preparation and testing conditions can affect the mechanical properties of the geopolymers. The stress-strain curves of geopolymer are changed by the composition of geopolymers and the high temperature. The silicon-type fillers not only improve the thermal expansion of the geopolymers but also enhance mechanical properties of the geopolymers. But, they do not contribute to reducing the thermal conductivity. the different raw materials, aluminosilicate precursor and reinforcement materials, result in different geopolymer damage during the heating. However, phase transitions can occur during the process of heating regardless of the raw materials. The additional performance enhancements can be achieved by optimizing the paste formulation, adjusting the inner structure, changing the alkali type, and incorporating reinforcements.